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Factors Influence of Acute Respiratory Infection Incidence to Child Under Five Years in Timika Jaya Health Primary Mimika District

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Factors Influence of Acute Respiratory Infection Incidence to Child Under Five Years in Timika Jaya Health Primary Mimika District International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research Vol.4; Issue: 1; Jan.-March 2019 Website: www.ijshr.com Original Research Article ISSN: 2455-7587 Factors Influence of Acute Respiratory Infection Incidence to Child Under Five Years in Timika Jaya Health Primary Mimika District Endang Gainau1, A.L. Rantetampang2, Arry Pongtiku3, Anwar Mallongi4 1Magister Program of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Cenderawasih University, Jayapura. 2,3Lecturer of Master Program in Public Health. Faculty of Public Health, Cenderawasih University, Jayapura 4Environmental Health Department, Faculty of Public Health, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. Corresponding Author: Anwar Mallongi ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION In 2015 based on WHO data more Background: Acute Respiratory Infection is a than 1.3 million children died because of health problem that can cause death in infants. pneumonia, most of them were under 3 Various factors are caused by age of children years old and almost 99% of these deaths under five, nutritional status, immunization were in developing countries and data for status, education, ventilator, smoking habits in the home and the use of mosquito repellent. cases of ARI in India 30, 1 % China 21, 2%, Objective of the study: Evaluate what factors Pakistan 39, 4% and in Indonesia 32, 10% are related to the incidence of ARI in Timika of these cases occur where access to health jaya Health Center, Mimika District, Papua care facilities and treatment is out of reach Province. or inactive for many children (WHO, 2016). Research Methods: Descriptive analytical cross According to Blum (1981) cited by sectional study design. The population of all Notoatmodjo (2011) that public health is under-fives and a sample of 79 under-fives was influenced by four namely environmental random sampling. Data were obtained using a factors, behavioral factors, health service questionnaire and analyzed using chi square and factors and genetic factors. Host factors that regression binary logistic. can increase the susceptibility of ARI Results: Factors related to the incidence of ARI in infants at Timika Jaya Community Health diseases such as under five factors (low Center were nutritional status (p-value = 0,000; birth weight age, immunization status and RP = 5,471; CI95% = (3,022 - 9,904), status of nutritional status) maternal factors; immunization of infants (p-value = 0,001; RP = education, work and behavior, (Maryunani, 2,992; CI95 % = (1,633 - 5,481), maternal 2013; Mallongi, et.al. 2014;2016). education (p-value = 0,019; RP = 2,318; CI95% The Indonesian Ministry of Health = (1,221 - 4,402), ventilation area (p-value = in 2017 reported under five mortality or 0,000; Rp = 0,048; CI95% = (0, 012 - 0.188), as AKABA of 27 per 1000 live births (BPS, soon as the kitchen (p-value = 0.007; RP = 2017). The cause of death of children under 2,594; CI95% = (1,375 - 4,896), habit of using five is due to ARI (7.60%) with the mosquito repellent (p-value = 0,000; Rp = incidence of ARI nationally in infants 4,642; CI95% = (2,600 - 8,285 ) ARI for toddlers in Timika Jaya Community Health (57.84%). The incidence of ARI in Papua Center is under five years old (p-value = 0.208; Province in 2017 as a whole reached 31% RP = 1,944; CI95% = (0, 973 - 3,884). (Indonesian Ministry of Health, 2017). Compilation, immediate kitchen and habit of Based on the results of the 2013 Riskesdas using mosquito repellent. report, ARI occupies the highest prevalence of under-fives, namely more than 35%. Data Keywords: Acute, Respiratory, Infection, Child on ISPA cases in 2014 were 27.17% of cases and 2015 were 6.64% of cases in toddlers. The prevalence of ARI also tends International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 315 Vol.4; Issue: 1; January-March 2019 Endang Gainau et.al. Factors Influence of Acute Respiratory Infection Incidence to Child Under Five Years in Timika Jaya Health Primary Mimika District to occur higher in the group of mothers with Research methods are carried out with the the lowest level of maternal education and aim of knowing the relationship of the income level. The occurrence of ARI in situation objectively (Natoatmodjo, 2012). infants is influenced by several factors, 2.2 Location and time of Research namely the nutritional status, behavior and The research location at the Timika Jaya density of residents and maternal Community Health Center in Mimika characteristics such as mother's age, level of Regency was conducted for a month in education and knowledge of the mother October 2018 - November 2018. (Ministry of Health, 2012). 2.3 Population and Samples ARI, especially pneumonia in Papua, 1. Population is included in the top 10 diseases and ranks The population in this study were all seventh after influenza disease, clinical research objects or objects under study malaria, Falcifarum malaria, Malariavivax, (Natoatmodjo 2010) The population in this Diarrhea and Malaria mix. and in 2014 as study were all mothers who had children many as 0, 75% of cases. In 2015, 0, 69% of under five with the number of health center cases in toddlers, in 2016, as many as 0, data in August - September 2018 as many as 53% of cases in infants (Papua Provincial 368 mothers of children under five in the Health Office, 2017). Data obtained from work area of Timika Jaya District Health the Mimika Regency Health Office where Center Mimika in 2018 " toddlers suffering from ARI in 2014-2016 2. Samples ranked first in the top 10 most diseases in The sample is a portion of the population Mimika Regency, with ARI incidence in that is considered representative 2014 of 2, 54% of cases. In 2015, there were (Notoatmodjo, 2012). The sample size in 3, 38% of cases. In 2016 there were 1, 82% this study is a sample of the population of of cases (Papua Provincial Health Office, researchers using the Slovin formula with 2017) about 79. Based on data from Disease that can be obtained from the Timika Jaya 3. RESULTS Community Health Center in Mimika 3.1 Bivariate Analysis Regency, that the last 3 years is a data of the a. Age relationship of toddlers with ARI in top 10 diseases, one of which is ARI disease infants which ranked first, in 2014, the number of Table 1. Age relationship of toddlers with ARI incidence in children suffering from ARI 5, 16%, in infants at Timika Jaya Health Center 2015, 6, 21%, 2016, 6, 36% and in 2017, No Age ARI incidence in infants Number ARI No ARI from January to March, 79 cases suffered n % n % n % from ISPA. With a population of 10,875 1 < 12 month 5 55,6 4 44,4 9 100 2 > 12 month 20 28,6 50 71,4 70 100 people, per 1,000 populations consisted of Total 25 31,6 54 68,4 79 100 368 mothers of children under five in p-value = 0, 208; RP = 1,944; CI95%= (0, 973 – 3,884) Timika Jaya Health Center. Based on the explanation above, I was interested in Based on Table 4.3, it shows that of 9 conducting a study on "Factors related to the toddlers aged <12 months there were 5 incidence of ARI in infants in Timika Jaya people (55.6%) with ARI and not ARI as Health Center working area of Mimika many as 4 people (44.4%). Whereas 70 District Health Office in 2018" people aged >12 months were 20 people (28.6%) with ARI and not ARI as many as 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 50 people (71.4%). The results of the chi 2.1 Types of Research square test obtained p-value = 0.208 >0.05. This research is an analytical study with a This means that there is no relationship cross sectional study design, where data is between the age of children under five to the collected at the same time simultaneously. incidence of ARI in infants at Timika Jaya International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research (www.ijshr.com) 316 Vol.4; Issue: 1; January-March 2019 Endang Gainau et.al. Factors Influence of Acute Respiratory Infection Incidence to Child Under Five Years in Timika Jaya Health Primary Mimika District Health Center. Prevalence ratio test results immunization status as many as 13 people (RP) = 1,944; CI95% = (0, 973 - 3,884) (61.9%) with the incidence of ARI and not with a lower value not including 1 which ARI by 6 people (38.1%). While from 58 means that the age of a toddler is not a risk people with complete immunization status factor for the incidence of ARI. as many as 12 people (20.7%) with ARI incidence and not ARI as many as 46 people b. The relationship of nutritional status of (79.3%). The results of the chi square test children with the incidence of ARI in obtained p-value = 0.001 <0.05. This means infants that there is a relationship between immunization status of infants to the Table 2. Relationship between nutritional status of children with ARI in infants at Timika Jaya Health Center incidence of ARI in infants at Timika Jaya No Infant Nutrition ARI incidence in infants Number Health Center. Prevalence ratio (RP) = ARI Not ARI n % n % n % 2,992; CI95% = (1,633 - 5,481) which 1 Less 15 88,2 2 11,8 17 100 means that the immunization status of 2 Good 10 16,1 52 83,9 62 100 Total 25 31,6 54 68,4 79 100 incomplete toddlers is likely to have ARI p-value = 0,000; RP = 5,471; CI95%= (3,022 – 9,904) incidence 2,992 times higher than toddlers with complete immunization status.
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