Looking Latina: Cultural Perspectives on Images and Representations of Latinas in Film, Television and Popular Culture
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
LOOKING LATINA: CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES ON IMAGES AND REPRESENTATIONS OF LATINAS IN FILM, TELEVISION AND POPULAR CULTURE By ROSA E. SOTO A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2006 1 Copyright 2006 By Rosa E. Soto 2 To my mother, Laura Soto-Perez; my grandmother, Ramona Lopez; and all of the women in my family. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my mother, Laura Soto-Perez for, her hard work, her courage, her words of wisdom, her strength, and her dignity throughout the years. I thank my grandparents, Laurentino and Ramona Lopez, for being inspirations to us all. I thank all of my friends, who helped me with the process, from revising dissertation chapters to talking over ideas. I thank my dissertation chairs, Dr. Tace Hedrick and Dr. Malini Schueller, for their encouragement, advice and help. I also thank other committee members Dr. Debra King and Dr. Efrain Barradas. I thank my Aunt, Inez Santiago, for sharing her stories with me. I thank my Uncle, Amical Santiago, for helping me and for always being there when needed. I thank my brother, Ricardo Soto, and my sister, Ramonita Soto, for being the wings that let me fly. I personally thank my friends Brigette Smith, Sarah Brusky, and Maisha Wester for their comfort, their thoughts, and their friendship throughout this process. I thank Onika Washington for our decades of friendship and for the struggles we both faced together. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................7 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING A LATINA SPECTATOR...........................................................................9 Examining Images of Latinas in Popular Culture.....................................................................9 Tiger Woods and the Creation of Cablinasianism: Struggling with Identity in the Media Spotlight. .............................................................................................................................12 To Be or Not To Be: That Is the Latina Question. .................................................................19 Signs and Signifiers ................................................................................................................20 Encoding/Decoding Strategies................................................................................................21 Real Women Have Curves: Ambivalence in Pan Latino/a Identity........................................23 Dame Edna Pisses off the Masses and Salma Hayek Too: Examining the Use of Satire in Popular Culture. ..............................................................................................................31 Bringing down the House: Examining Images of Latinas in Mainstream Cultural Texts......39 2 MADE TO BE A MAID? AN EXAMINATION OF THE LATINA AS MAID IN MAINSTREAM FILM AND TELEVISION.........................................................................42 The Banger Sisters: The Most Visible of Maids. ...................................................................47 Fictional Servants: How Necessary Are Latina Maids?.........................................................50 The Historical Legacy of the Ethnic Maid in Film.................................................................53 The Sexy Latina Maid and the New Latina Spitfire...............................................................57 Maid in Manhattan: A Revitalization of the Latina Maid......................................................69 Maids on Monk: Making Their Way in the World. ................................................................74 3 “THE MAMMY MYTH”:MAMMYHOOD RECONFIGURED FOR THE LATINA SERVANT..............................................................................................................................79 “We Need Our Comfort”: The Legacy of the Mammy Lives on in the Imaginations of Whiteness. ...........................................................................................................................85 Am I Imagining Things? The Theory behind the Reality of White Imaginations of Darkness..............................................................................................................................89 Case Studies............................................................................................................................92 White Women and Women of Color Bond in Film. .......................................................92 Making the Connection: A Shared History of Oppression for Black and Latina Women.........................................................................................................................99 The Latina Mammy: Two Progressive Films Fail To Be Progressive. .........................104 “And Never the Two Shall Meet?”A Comparison of the Black Historical Mammy in Gone with the Wind and the New Reconfigured Latina Mammy in Will & Grace ..........112 A Latina Spectator’s Comments...........................................................................................126 5 4 “ARE YOU MY HOMIE?”: LOOKING AT ETHNIC TOYS AND A NEW FINANCIAL PLAYGROUND. ...........................................................................................129 Displaying Ethnicity: My Puerto Rican Aunt and Her Collection of Mexican Figurines....138 Black Memorabilia: A Possible Connection?.......................................................................141 A Deal with the Devil: Financial Assistance? ......................................................................146 Toy or Collectible: To Play or Not To Play?........................................................................148 Collecting “Things”: Signifying Potential............................................................................156 Homie Stories: What They Offer a Looking Culture. ..........................................................162 Is This a Negative Reality?: The Controversial Aspect of Homies......................................175 Positive or Negative: Homies Live On.................................................................................184 5 CONCLUSION: The Best Latino Film Ever Made is Spy Kids...........................................187 LIST OF REFERENCES.............................................................................................................194 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................................204 6 Abstract of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy LOOKING LATINA: CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES ON IMAGES AND REPRESENTATIONS OF LATINAS IN FILM, TELEVISION AND POPULAR CULTURE By Rosa E. Soto December 2006 Chair: Tace Hedrick Cochair: Malini Schuller Department of English This work, Looking Latina: Cultural Perspectives on Images and Representations of Latinas in Film, Television and Popular Culture examines the ways in which Latinas are framed both by Latinas/os themselves as well as within discourses of whiteness in dominant culture. It serves as an introduction to analyzing disseminating, negotiating with and “enriching our understanding” of the images of Latinas in popular culture as they are presented to us through the media and other cultural texts. I am interested in important ideological questions concerning the ways in which we engage with such images. How do I and other Latinas read the Latina image as problematic in a variety of cultural texts? How does Anglo culture read the Latina? What culturally produced images, as well as readings of those images, help us understand our position as Latinas in a local and global discourse? What resistance or complicity do the images elicit? In thinking about these questions, an important goal of this work is to understand the ambiguity of how and why as Latinas (from a number of different positions of identity) we question what we see, at the same time as we may enjoy it. I want to understand how we may “read” and interpret images of ourselves in film, television and popular culture. Moreover, I am interested in how the 7 tensions between gender, class and racial identities produce tensions in our interpretations of images of us in popular culture. 8 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING A LATINA SPECTATOR Examining Images of Latinas in Popular Culture It is interesting to me that on the occasions when I present, at a conference, my idea that the Latina is all but absent in the discourse of film and television, I inevitably am asked the question, “What do I think of Jennifer Lopez?” It is a question that bothers me. Almost always, it seems to me that the question is asked as a way to trip up my thinking about notions of race, class and ethnicity. The question is always posed in a challenging manner. I feel that implied, but never asked, are the questions, “Why do Latinos believe everything is a stereotype? Why is representation so important to you? What is authentic ethnicity?” I feel that my answer somehow betrays the focus of my project. The truth I so fear, and at the same time revel in, is that I like Jennifer Lopez. This Jennifer Lopez question—somehow always about her butt, her tan, her films