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3. for Various Forms of Boscovich's Christ

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3. for Various Forms of Boscovich's Christ Notes Preface 1. See Kingsley Amis’s Lucky Jim, [1954, chap. 1]. 2. See Stigler [1984]. 3. For various forms of Boscovich’s Christian names see Farebrother [1999, §2.5]. 4. See Stigler [1984] for further details. 5. For a detailed study of the calculus of observations see Farebrother [1999]. 6. See Clarke [1929] and Whyte [1961]. 7. See Lynd [1928, p. 2]. 8. Charles Dickens, Our Mutual Friend, vol. I, Book II, chap. VIII. Chapter 1 1. See F. Darwin [1887, vol. I, p. 83]. 2. See F. Darwin [1887, vol. I, p. 52]. 3. The quotation given here is from the 1819 edition (the fourth) of Laplace’s Essai philosophique sur les probabilit´es as printed in the third edition of the Th´eorie analytique des probabilit´es of 1820: the wording changed over the years, but the sentiment was essentially the same (see Dale [1995, p. 114]). 4. See Russell [1961, p. 527]. 5. A quotation from Sheridan’s The Rivals, Act III, Sc. 3. 6. See the Essai philosophique sur les probabilit´es [1820, p. clvi]. 7. Suetonius, in The Twelve Caesars, notes that Tiberius amused him- self by asking these questions, together with things like ‘Who was Hecuba’s mother?’, of professors of Greek literature. One wonders how often the latter thought, with Shakespeare, ‘What’s Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba’. 8. See ΓΩNΘI ΣEAΥTON.` Know Yourself in the second volume of Arbuthnot’s Miscellaneous Works of 1770, p. 253. Notes: chapter 2 527 9. Horace Odes iv. 8. 28. ‘The Muse forbids the man worthy of praise to die’ (would the Muse concerned be Clio?). 10. See Stigler [1984]. Chapter 2 1. See Passler [1971, p. xii]. 2. See Stigler [1999, p. 190]. 3. One should of course bear in mind that even the chaff may serve a useful purpose. 4. On the 12th December 1726 Philip Doddridge, then some twenty-four years old, wrote a letter to the Rev. Samuel Clark, in which he said As I am a stranger at Thorp [near Peterborough], I could wish that you would send a few lines to Mr Goodrich, at Mrs King’s, in Oundle, and to Mr Some at Mr Bayes’s, in Harborough .... [1829, vol. II, p. 234] I do not know how this Bayes fits into the family under discussion here. 5. Before giving the Bayes family tree Clay mentions two people sur- named Bayes (or Base) who were apparently not related to this fam- ily. A.G. Matthews, in his 1934 revision of Calamy, gives the following details. Robert Bayes. Vicar of Weybread, Suffolk. 1662. d. 8 December 1702 aged 73. Son of Thomas. Family from Norfolk. Wife Rebecca. Children: Bezalel, 28 September 1654. Rebecca, 5 September 1656. Sam. Bayes, perhaps son, V. of Weybread 1684. Whether these were members of the Bayes family of interest to us I cannot say. 6. Whitam notes that The Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire, or to give it its correct title, Master, Wardens, Searchers, Assistants and Commonalty of the Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire in the County of York, was founded in the year 1624. [1948, p. 3] 7. The figures given in this quotation, and a later one, as 0 12 0 stand for £0. 12s. 0d. 528 Notes: chapter 2 8. According to Venn & Venn [1922], there were three ranks in which students were matriculated in Cambridge University: the first was that of Fellow-commoner, the second that of Pensioner, and the third Sizar, the latter performing many menial tasks. 9. See Matthews [1934]. 10. The restrictive and oppressive Acts passed between 1661 and 1670, aimed generally at curbing dissent, are known as the Clarendon Code. These statutes, the Corporation Act of 1661, the Act of Uniformity of 1662, the Five Mile Act of 1665, and the Conventicle Act of 1671, ‘not merely defined the position of the Church but imposed heavy disabilities, both religious and political, on all who failed to conform to it’ [Browning, 1953, p. 360]. 11. The date of the Feast is variously given as August the 24th and 12th (the 14th edition of 1939 of the Encyclopædia Britannica), August the 22nd (W.B. Forbush’s edition of Fox’s Book of Martyrs of 1926), August the 23rd (Charles Dickens’s A Child’s History of England), and August the 24th (old style) and September the 3rd (Haydn’s Dictionary of Dates and Universal Information, ed. B. Vincent, of 1904). 12. See Hastings [1967, vol. 9, p. 387]. 13. I suspect that ‘S’ stands for ‘South’. 14. Lewis described the living at this time as follows: a discharged vicarage, valued in the king’s books at £8; net income, £135; patrons and impropriators, the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge. [1849, vol. II, p. 338] 15. Presumably the ‘a’, ‘r’, and ‘p’ stand for the square measurements acre, rood, and (square) pole, respectively. (1 acre=4roods,1rood 1 = 40 square poles, 1 square pole = 30 4 square yards.) 16. One who refused to take the oath was also forbidden to keep any school [Hastings, 1967, vol. 9, p. 389]. 17. Dale [1907, p. 416] notes that a ‘lecturer’ was a clergyman appointed to preach but without charge of a parish. 18. It was only in 1689 that the Act of Toleration officially ended the per- secution of dissenters. In 1688 the yearly income per family was £60 for ‘eminent clergymen’ and £45 for ‘lesser clergymen’. Compare this with temporal lords (£2,800), gentlemen (£280), persons in sciences and liberal arts (£60), common seamen (£20), and common soldiers (£14) [Browning, 1953, p. 516]. Rogers [1978, pp. 51–52] records that the average family’s annual income in the mid-eighteenth century was Notes: chapter 2 529 around £40. The amount a clergyman of that time could earn is men- tioned in Henry Fielding’s Joseph Andrews of 1742, where the curate Abraham Adams, at the age of fifty, ‘was provided with a handsome income of twenty-three pounds a year’ [Book I, chap. III] (by the end of the book, however, Mr Adams has been presented ‘with a living of one hundred and thirty pounds a year’). Somewhat later, Goldsmith describes the village preacher in The Deserted Village as follows. A man he was, to all the country dear, And passing rich with forty pounds a year. These figures are not fictitious: Calamy records in his Life [1830, vol. I, p. 316], that in 1692 he was offered £100 a year to minister to a dissenting congregation at Bristol. For various reasons he rejected the call, taking up an assistantship to Matthew Sylvester at Blackfri- ars for £40 per annum (in 1685 men servants were paid £4. 10s. 0d. per annum, and maid servants got two pounds less. In 1683 a dozen flambeaux cost 16s., as did a peruke for the page in 1684: in 1696 a peruke ‘for my master’ cost £6 — see Browning [1953, pp. 469– 472]). Even this amount proved a drain on the congregation, and Sylvester, though scrupulous in the quarterly payment of his assis- tant, frequently found himself in straitened circumstances. 19. See Latham & Matthews, vol. X [1983]. 20. ‘Pr.’ may stand for ‘Preacher’, ‘Private’, or possibly even ‘Presbyte- rian’. 21. Lewis provides the following description of Sankey. Sankey, Great, a chapelry, in the parish of Prescot, union of Warrington, hundred of West Derby, S. division of Lan- 3 cashire, 2 4 miles (W.) from Warrington; containing 567 inhabitants. ... The township comprises 1909a. 25p., and is bounded by Sankey brook. ... The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £103; patron, Lord Lilford; impropria- tors, the provost and fellows of King’s College, Cambridge; the tithes belonging to the college have been commuted for £130, those of the rector of Warrington for £65, and those of the vicar of the parish for £75, per annum. [IV, p. 19] Carlisle [1808] gives the population ‘of this township’ in 1801 as 431. 22. It would be interesting to know whether this Sarah Pearson was an ancestress of Karl Pearson, biometrician, statistician, philosopher of science, etc. 530 Notes: chapter 2 23. One John de la Rose was tutor at an academy that flourished at Attercliffe from 1691 to 1744 (these dates are given by Jeremy [1885, p. 25] as 1690–1696). Could they be the same person? (Creasy’s Index to the John Evans List shows that Elizabeth’s husband died in 1723.) 24. Copy in the Guildhall Library, London. 25. In addition to the sources cited in the text the reader may be referred to Goldstein [1996]: see also Parker [1914, p. 50]. 26. The reader is referred to Appendix 2.1 of this chapter for a discussion of the differences between dissent and Nonconformity. 27. See Parker [1914, p. 65]. 28. In connexion with the rivalry between the academies and the univer- sities, Parker notes that, after the attempt to found a new university at Stamford in 1334, every graduate of Oxford or Cambridge was obliged to swear an oath in the following vein. You shall also swear that in that Faculty to which you are now admitted Graduate, you shall not solemnly perform your readings as in a University anywhere within this king- dom but here in Oxford or in Cambridge; nor shall you take degrees, as in a University, in any Faculty whatsoever, nor shall you consent that any person who hath taken his Degree elsewhere shall be admitted as a master here in the said Faculty, to which he shall be elsewhere admitted. You shall also swear that you will not read lectures, or hear them read, at Stamford, as in a University study, or college general.
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