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International Engagement in Fragile States Can’T We Do Better?

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International Engagement in Fragile States Can’T We Do Better? Conflict and Fragility International Engagement in Fragile States Can’t wE DO BETTER? PRELIMINARY VERSION INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT IN FRAGILE STATES CAN’T WE DO BETTER? This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. PLEASE CITE THIS PUBLICATION AS: OECD (2011), International Engagement in Fragile States: Can’t we do better? OECD Publishing. ISBN 978-92-64-08612-8 (PDF) Series: Conflict and Fragility ISSN 2074-3637 (online) Also available in French: L’engagement international dans les États fragiles : Peut-on mieux faire ? Photo credit: Cover © Dreamstime/shutter1970 Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found online at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda © OECD 2011 You can copy, download or print OECD content for you own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgement of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at [email protected]. FOREWORD IN 2009, ONE-THIRD OF ALL AID TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WENT TO FRAGILE STATES. Yet in the world’s most difficult development situations, poorly conceived involvement can do more harm than good. Challenges such as poor security, weak governance, limited administrative capacity, chronic humanitarian crises, persistent social tensions, violence or the legacy of civil war require responses different from those applied in more stable situations. To guide complex interventions in fragile and conflict-affected countries, development partners committed, in 2007, to ten Principles for Good International Engagement in Fragile States and Situations (FSPs). The FSPs were designed to improve development efforts in fragile and conflict-affected countries, which are home to more than 1.5 billion people and farthest away from achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Recognising the complementarity of the FSPs with the principles of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, in 2008, the Accra Agenda for Action (AAA) called for voluntary joint monitoring of the FSPs at country level. This report presents the results of the Second Monitoring Survey on the implementation of the FSPs. It is based on consultations in 13 countries (up from 6 in 2009) that have taken up the AAA call to monitor development partners’ adherence to the FSPs, supported by the international community with a central role played by UNDP. The report contains a number of important findings that should serve as a wake-up call to development partners to shift their level of understanding and engagement by seizing the unique opportunities that today’s changing international context provides. Some of these findings — such as those related to aid volatility, development partner fragmentation and risk aversion — are not entirely new. Fragile states have been raising these issues with their international development partners for some time. However, they are set within a number of recent critical shifts in the development context in fragile states. First, the increased international focus on the drivers of fragility requires taking a more context-specific approach to individual fragile situations. Second, the emergence of a group of self-selected fragile countries that wish to monitor progress and advance the change agenda themselves presents an unprecedented opportunity for partner country leadership and sharing of experience. Through the participation of some 40 development partners and partner countries in the International Dialogue on Peacebuilding and Statebuilding, a forum now exists for fragile states to express these issues where their voices are both valued and sought after. The evidence presented here shows that progress in fully implementing the Fragile States Principles remains partly off-track and will require a concerted effort over a number of years ahead to achieve the expected results and impact. Building on the evidence gathered, this report provides development partners with a unique set of recommendations that will allow for more targeted and country-led change, alongside broader policy reforms by international actors, in order to foster better engagement in countries in situations of fragility. The fourth High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness in Busan, Korea, should provide an opportunity for the states that have more fundamental needs to express a common position that reflects their circumstance. H.E. Emilia Pires J. Brian Atwood Minister of Finance Chair Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste OECD Development Assistance Committee Chair, 2011 FSP Monitoring Survey INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT IN FRAGILE STATES: CAN’T WE DO BETTER? - ISBN 978-92-64-08612-8 - © OECD 2011 3 4 INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT IN FRAGILE STATES: CAN’T WE DO BETTER? - ISBN 978-92-64-08612-8 - © OECD 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THIS REPORT WAS PRODUCED BY THE OECD DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION DIRECTORATE and written by Fiona Davies (consultant), Bathylle Missika (OECD) and Charles Petrie (consultant), under the supervision of Bathylle Missika, with support from Nezar Tamine. James Eberlein, Donata Garrasi, Jenny Hedman, Stephan Massing, Robin Ogilvy, Nezar Tamine, Alexandra Trzeciak-Duval, Erwin van Veen and Asbjorn Wee (OECD) provided substantive inputs into the report and supported its development since its inception. The Survey’s methodology was developed by Juana de Catheu (OECD) based on contributions of partner countries, donors and CSOs alike, particularly from H.E. Emilia Pires (Timor-Leste); H.E. Olivier Kamitatu Etsu (DRC); Martinus Desmet and Xavier Rouha (Belgium); Jane Alexander and Alex Stevens (DFID); François Gaulme (France); Arve Ofstad (Norway); Rachel Locke (USAID); Christian Lotz and Per Bjalkander (UNDP); Laura Bailey and Gregory Ellis (World Bank); Steve Darvill (CDA); and Peter Brorsen (Consultant) who drew lessons from the 2009 Survey. The following leaders participated in the 2011 Survey and provided the guidance and commitment for its successful completion: BURUNDI Pamphile Muderega, Permanent Secretary of the National Committee in charge of Aid Coordination CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC H.E. Sylvain Maliko, Minister of Economy, Planning and International Co-operation CHAD H.E. Mahamat Ali Hassan, Minister of Economy and Planning COMOROS H.E. Alfeine Siti Soifiat Tadjiddine, Commissioner General in charge of Planning DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO H.E. Olivier Kamitatu Etsu, Minister of Planning GUINEA-BISSAU H.E. Helena Maria Jose Noslini Embalo, Minister of Economy, of Planning and Regional Integration HAITI H.E Jean-Max Bellerive, Prime Minister and Minister of Planning and International Cooperation LIBERIA H.E. Amara M. Konneh, Minister of Planning and Economic Affairs SIERRA LEONE H.E. Samura M.W. Kamara, Minister of Finance and Economic Development INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT IN FRAGILE STATES: CAN’T WE DO BETTER? - ISBN 978-92-64-08612-8 - © OECD 2011 5 acKnowledgements SOMALIA H.E. Abdiweli M. Ali, Prime Minister and Minister of Planning SOUTH SUDAN H.E. Aggrey Tisa Sabuni, Undersecretary of Economic Planning TIMOR-LESTE H.E. Emilia Pires, Minister of Finance TOGO H.E. Dédé Ahoéfa Ekoue, Minister of Planning, Development and Territorial Planning National Co-ordinators and International Focal Points ensured the successful conduct of the country consultations, completion of questionnaires and conduct of additional interviews as well as subsequent chapter reviews. The following National Co-ordinators and International Focal Points also brought together a wide spectrum of stakeholders in-country to ensure ownership and transparency throughout this multi- stakeholder process: Pamphile Muderega and Dirk Brems (Burundi); Bendert Bokia and Bo Schack (CAR); Mbaïro Mbaïguedem and Masra Ngoidi (Chad); Alfeine Siti Soifiat Tadjiddine and Attoumane Boinaissa (Comoros); Theo Kanene and Sebastien Tshibungu (DRC); Alfredo Mendes and Ernesto Rodero (Guinea- Bissau); Yves-Robert Jean, Philippe Chichereau, Roberts Waddle and Jean-Philippe Bernardini (Haiti); James Kollie, Abdulai Jalloh and Monique Cooper (Liberia); Kawusu Kebbay, Abie Elizabeth Kamara and Per Bjalkander (Sierra Leone); H.E. Abdiweli M. Ali, H.E. Abdukadir Hashi and Louise Cottar (Somalia); Moses Mabio Deu, Nicholas Travis and Stefanie von Westarp (South Sudan); Helder da Costa, Leigh Mitchell, Lin Cao and Jemal Sharah (Timor-Leste); and Pierre Awade, Lamboni Mindi and Idrissa Diagne (Togo). This report was reviewed by H.E. Emilia Pires, Minister of Finance of Timor-Leste, Chair of the 2011 Joint Monitoring Survey of the Principles for Good International Engagement in Fragile States and Situations and of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, Co-chair of the International Dialogue on Peacebuilding and Statebuilding and Chair of the g7+, and by Brian Atwood, Chair of the OECD Development Assistance Committee. It was also peer reviewed by Ameera Haq (Under-Secretary-General, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Timor-Leste and Head of UNMIT) and by Koen Davidse
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