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Relatório De Síntese Da Biodiversidade Marinha Da Área Marinha Do Parque Natural Do Sudoeste Alentejano E Costa Vicentina

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Relatório De Síntese Da Biodiversidade Marinha Da Área Marinha Do Parque Natural Do Sudoeste Alentejano E Costa Vicentina Relatório de Síntese da Biodiversidade Marinha da área marinha do Parque Natural do Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina Novembro 2018 Projeto MARSW Relatório de Síntese da Biodiversidade Marinha da área marinha do Parque Natural do Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina Novembro 2018 Bárbara Horta e Costa, Inês Sousa, Adela Belackova, Nuno Sales Henriques, Mafalda Rangel, Frederico Oliveira, Carlos M. L. Afonso, Luís Bentes, Pedro Monteiro, Bernardo R. Quintella, José L. Costa, Pedro R. de Almeida, Ana F. Silva, João P. Marques, Carla Quiles-Pons, Paula Coelho, Teresa Cruz, David Jacinto, João J. Castro, Jorge M.S. Gonçalves Coordenação e execução Beneficiário Parceiro institucional Cofinanciamento Citação recomendada: Horta e Costa, B., Sousa, I., Belackova, A., Henriques, N. S., Rangel, M., Oliveira, F., Afonso, C. M. L., Bentes, L., Monteiro, P., Quintella, B. R., Costa, J. L., de Almeida, P. R., Silva, A. F., Marques, J. P., Quiles-Pons, C., Coelho, P., Cruz, T., Jacinto, D., Castro, J. J., Gonçalves, J. M. S. (2018) Relatório de Síntese da Biodiversidade Marinha da área marinha do Parque Natural do Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina. Relatório técnico do Projeto MARSW, Faro, 74 pp + Anexos. Índice Resumo ...........................................................................vii 2010 .............................................................................23 2011 ............................................................................23 1. Perspetiva histórica do PNSACV ..................01 5.2. Pós-plano de ordenamento do Parque Marinho 2. Valores naturais do PNSACV ........................05 do PNSACV (pós-2011) .....................................26 2012 .............................................................................26 3. Objetivos .....................................................06 2013 .............................................................................36 2014 .............................................................................37 4. Revisão bibliográfica ...................................07 2015 .............................................................................38 2016 ............................................................................44 5. Compilação dos principais estudos de 2017 .............................................................................48 biodiversidade realizados no PNSACV ..............08 2018 .............................................................................49 5.1. Pré-plano de ordenamento e gestão da parte 6. Diversidade genética ...................................54 marinha (pré-2011, inclusive) ..............................08 1979 .............................................................................08 7. Espécies não indígenas ................................55 1988 .............................................................................08 1991 .............................................................................08 8. Espécies e habitats protegidos .....................56 1993 .............................................................................09 1994 .............................................................................10 9. Contribuição para a caracterização da 1995 ............................................................................12 biodiversidade, da situação de referência e 1996 .............................................................................13 monitorização .................................................59 1997 .............................................................................16 1999 .............................................................................17 10. Considerações finais..................................64 2000 .............................................................................17 2002 .............................................................................19 11. Referências bibliográficas .........................65 2003 .............................................................................20 2004 .............................................................................20 2005 .............................................................................21 ANEXO I ..............................................................................................77 2006 .............................................................................22 2008 .............................................................................22 ANEXO II .......................................................................................... 105 2009 .............................................................................23 ANEXO III ......................................................................................... 109 v Resumo A área marinha do Parque Natural do Sudoeste e habitats), bem como para a monitorização dos Alentejano e Costa Vicentina (PNSACV) estende-se efeitos das medidas de proteção e estado de até 2 km da linha de costa, desde Sines a Burgau, conservação das espécies e habitats classificados. ocupando cerca de 260 km2. Esta área foi definida em Pretende-se assim apresentar os resultados dos 1988 aquando da atribuição do estatuto de paisagem estudos científicos mais relevantes nesta temática protegida, que reconheceu os valores naturais, que tenham sido realizados na área marinha do históricos e culturais da região, e a necessidade PNSACV. de os proteger e aproveitar de forma sustentada. Foram listadas 354 referências de estudos A região foi reclassificada como Parque Natural socioecológicos ou associados sobre o PNSACV, em 1995 e em 2011 foi criado o Parque Marinho dos quais se considerou relevante destacar 45 e estabelecido o plano de ordenamento da área estudos, apresentando resumos (sendo que o marinha do PNSACV, que definiu zonas de proteção relatório se refere a mais de 65 estudos realizados acrescida e medidas de proteção específicas para no PNSACV), por estarem diretamente relacionados a zona marinha. À semelhança de muitas outras com o tema deste relatório – síntese e mapeamento áreas marinhas protegidas nacionais e mundiais não da biodiversidade marinha. Estes estudos são existe investigação extensiva nem monitorização apresentados cronologicamente, separando o sistemática que precedam a implementação período pré e pós plano de ordenamento de 2011. do plano de ordenamento de 2011. No entanto, Desta forma, compreende-se como foi e qual foi a existem alguns estudos chave no PNSACV que informação obtida histórica e cumulativamente. Este levaram ao reconhecimento de valores naturais formato permite ainda a comparação de resultados e significativos e contribuíram para o conhecimento monitorização para avaliar os efeitos das medidas de da sua biodiversidade, em espécies e habitats. Estes proteção implementadas em 2011 ou outros efeitos, estudos permitiram também um levantamento das como os das alterações climáticas (e.g. tropicalização pressões e utilização de recursos. de espécies) ou a introdução de espécies exóticas. O projeto MARSW, a decorrer desde 2018 na Nos estudos selecionados foram registadas 1889 área marinha do PNSACV, é cofinanciado pelo espécies entre as quais, pelo menos 38 espécies programa POSEUR, pelo Fundo Ambiental e por possuem algum estatuto de conservação, e pelo câmaras municipais incluídas no parque (Aljezur, menos 17 estão classificadas como não indígenas. Odemira e Vila do Bispo), tem como beneficiário a Foi ainda descrito um habitat novo para a lista da Liga para a Proteção da Natureza (LPN) e parceiro OSPAR (jardins de gorgónias de baixa profundidade) institucional o Instituto da Conservação da Natureza dentro dos limites do PNSACV, e identificado outro e das Florestas (ICNF). A coordenação e execução já descrito pela OSPAR, nas redondezas do PNSACV científica estão a ser partilhadas pela Universidade (agregações de esponjas de profundidade). Também de Évora (Laboratório de Ciências do Mar) - MARE, foram descritos três habitats da Diretiva Habitats a Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa (Rede Natura 2000) e classificados vários habitats (FCUL) - MARE, e o Centro de Ciências do Mar pelo sistema EUNIS , incluindo 9 registos novos. (CCMAR), da Universidade do Algarve, que realizaram Este trabalho de síntese e mapeamento de o presente relatório de síntese. biodiversidade, e avaliação de alterações nas Este relatório pretende compilar e sintetizar os comunidades marinhas está a ser atualmente estudos mais relevantes que tenham contribuído ou completado pelo projeto MARSW, dedicado a toda a possam contribuir, até à data, para a caracterização área do PNSACV. e o mapeamento da biodiversidade (de espécies vii 1. Perspetiva histórica do PNSACV O Parque Natural do Sudoeste Alentejano e relevância a nível nacional. Esta reclassificação Costa Vicentina (PNSACV) possui uma área seguiu os critérios definidos na Rede Nacional marinha que se estende até 2 km da costa e de Áreas Protegidas. Nesse decreto de percorre cerca de 130 km da linha costa, desde reclassificação, constatou-se que esta área o Burgau a Sines, ocupando cerca de 260 km2. se mantinha como das menos adulteradas A criação da Área de Paisagem Protegida do a nível europeu, facto que veio reforçar a sua Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina em importância no panorama nacional de áreas 1988 (APPSACV; Decreto-Lei 241/88, 7 de protegidas. julho) veio delimitar a área marinha, por forma O plano de ordenamento do PNSACV (Decreto a reconhecer os valores naturais, históricos Regulamentar
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