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Human Trafficking: Modern Day Slavery

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Human Trafficking: Modern Day Slavery Human Trafficking: Modern Day Slavery Central Ohio Rescue & Restore Coalition & S.O.A.P. Project Human Trafficking Pre-Test 1.) To be considered a victim of trafficking 6.) Currently there are countries where one must be transported across state or “slavery” is legal (T/F)? country borders (T/F)? 7.) The terms “pimp” and “trafficker” are 2.) Generally Human Trafficking is an synonymous (T/F)? international issue most often present in underdeveloped countries (T/F)? 8.) For a person to be convicted of sex/labor trafficking they must use physical 3.) There are multiple forms of human force/brutality against their victim (T/F)? trafficking and victims may fall in multiple categories (T/F)? 9.) There is estimated to be more humans living in slavery now than ever before 4.) Under the Federal definition, trafficked (T/F)? persons can only be foreign nationals (immigrants from other countries) (T/F)? 10.) If you are arrested for prostitution/soliciting and you are under 5.) Human Trafficking and “Smuggling” the age of 18 you are automatically humans are considered to be different considered to be a victim of sex trafficking crimes (T/F)? (T/F)? What is Human Trafficking? A form of modern-day slavery. Exploitation of men, women and children for commercial sex or labor purposes. What is Human Trafficking? The second largest and fastest growing criminal industry in the world. Continuous Profit Less Risk Estimated 32 Billion dollar industry 10 Billion dollars from the United States alone Trafficking Victims Protection Act 2000 “Severe Forms of Trafficking in Persons” defined as: Sex Trafficking: the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for the purpose of a commercial sex act , in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person forced to perform such an act is under the age of 18 years. Labor Trafficking: the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage or slavery. Force ‘Force’ is the use of physical power or violence to compel or restrain Power made operative against resistance To compel through pressure or necessity Traffickers use force initially or when fraud and or coercion doesn’t work on the victim. Force is also used by the John. Fraud “Fraud” or deception is another method used by traffickers to recruit and then entrap their victims. The tactics of fraud/deception traffickers use to initially recruit persons typically involve false promises of marriage or employment. Traffickers may also collaborate with family or friends of potential victims to further create the illusion of truth for what they are promising. The Salvation Army Anti-Human Trafficking Manual Coercion “Coercion” involves “the use of threats of serious harm, physical restraint of any person, any scheme, plan or pattern intended to create the belief that a person will have restraint used against them, and the abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process.” The Salvation Army Anti-Human Trafficking Manual International Scope of Trafficking About 800,000 men, women and children are trafficked across international borders each year. Free the Slaves Organization estimates that there are about 27 million people living in slavery today. Annually, up to 17,500-20,000 individuals are trafficked into the US from other countries. Approximately 80 percent of transnational victims are women and girls and up to 50 percent are minors. US Department of State Trafficking in Persons Report 2008 Trafficking in the USA 80% of the 17,500-20,000 individuals are trafficked into the US annually are for sexual exploitation National Center for Missing and Exploited Children identifies at least 100,000 US children are caught up in child prostitution Average age of entry into prostitution is 12 to 14. Studies suggest that up to 90% of runaway youth become involved in the commercial sex industry. 1.68 million children run away each year in the US – 48 hours 1 in 3 recruited for human trafficking. Human Trafficking In the United States the FBI estimates that 85% of commercial sex workers experience some degree of force, fraud or coercion (the federal definition of sex trafficking). Where pimps operate, most take 100% of the money earned by the sex workers. Commercial sex workers face violence, whether in brothels or at "home" with a pimp. According to one study, working in prostitution is 51 times more violent than the second-most violent profession for women (working in a liquor store). HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN OHIO "Ohio is not only a destination place for foreign-born trafficking victims, but it's also a recruitment place" -Celia Williamson, associate professor at the University of Toledo Human Trafficking in Ohio o According to the Polaris Project, Ohio ranks 9th in the number of calls placed to the National hotline between 12/07 and 12/11 o The hotline receives 100 calls a day. o 7,000 calls since 2007. o The FBI identified Toledo, Ohio as “the top U.S. recruitment city for trafficking children into the sex industry” o In 2010, Central Ohio law enforcement filed 977 solicitation charges Ohio Vulnerabilities . Extensive highway system can reach 15 states in less than eight hours. Most truck stops in nation . Within day’s drive to multiple major metropolitan cities. traveler.info/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/map_of_ohio.gif - . Sharply rising immigrant http://www.smart population. Ohio Vulnerabilities .5th most strip clubs in nation .Agricultural industry . Unemployment . Poverty (24% of children) .Close to Canada /Selling sex is legal but buying it is not . Nordic model – Bill C-36 15 Vulnerability Factors Poverty High unemployment Degraded labor environment Illegal Activities Civil Unrest/Corruption Discrimination Cultural Acceptance of Practice US Trafficking in Persons Report, 2008 Vulnerability Factors History with CPS Failing in school/dropping out of school Family/friends members in sex trade Parents whom use drugs/alcohol History of sexual abuse/rape Living in a group/foster home Involvement with law enforcement Single parent families 1-2 parents in jail Risk Factors in Ohio Ohio Attorney (both parties) Human Trafficking Study Commission Purpose To understand the problem of HT in Ohio To make recommendations about ways to strengthen Ohio’s response to the problem Committees Victim Services & Safe Locations Legislation Public Education, Awareness, & Outreach Law Enforcement Training Research & Analysis Report on the Prevalence of Human Trafficking in Ohio, February 2010 Ohio Trafficking in Persons Study Commission Research and Analysis Sub-Committee Conservative Estimate: At least 6,316 Ohioans are at risk of being trafficked and at least 1,861 are believed to be trafficked in Ohio today. This estimate does not include domestic adults who are victims of sex or labor trafficking. Examples of Central Ohio HT Cases - CORRC Latina woman trafficked in a brothel in a rural county in Ohio. 14 year old American girl prostituted by a gang as a requirement to belong to the gang. Foreign national woman sexually trafficked by her husband. Undocumented immigrants trafficked in ethnic restaurant. Since July 2008, The Salvation Army/CORRC has provided services to over 400 victims of human trafficking. Two Broad Categories of Human Trafficking Labor Trafficking: Sexual Trafficking: Domestic Service Prostitution Sweat Shops/Factories Pornography Begging Stripping Agricultural Work Lap Dancing Mining Live-Sex Shows Brick Kilns Mail-order Brides Child Soldiers Child Brides Where Victims Are Working LABOR TRAFFICKING What is Labor Trafficking? Forms of Labor Trafficking Debt Bondage Illegal in the United States. Considered trafficking-related exploitation by the United Nations TIP Protocol. Trafficking victims must reimburse his/her traffickers for travel, room and board, hygiene and other personal items. Amount to be repaid is set by the traffickers. Forms of Labor Trafficking Forced Labor Victims are forced to work against their own will, under the threat of violence or some other form of punishment, their freedom is restricted and a degree of ownership is exerted. Forms of forced labor can include domestic servitude; agricultural labor; sweatshop factory labor; janitorial, food service and other service industry labor; and street begging. Forms of Labor Trafficking Child Labor Child labor is a form of work that is likely to be hazardous to the health and/or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development of children and can interfere with their education. The International Labor Organization estimates worldwide that there are 246 million exploited children aged between 5 and 17 involved in debt bondage, forced recruitment for armed conflict, prostitution, pornography, the illegal drug trade, the illegal arms trade and other illicit activities around the world. Highlighted Industries The labor trade involves many of the following area’s of work Hotel work Factory Labor Nail salon workers Sweat Shops Hair braiders Restaurant Labor Casino servers Agricultural Work Landscape and gardening Begging or trinket selling Magazine peddlers Gang involvement House cleaning services Construction Sites Peddling Rings Garment factories Domestic Migrant or transitional (Home/Children) communities workers The Prevalence of Labor Trafficking US Department of Labor: Office of Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking
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