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Installation Guide R2.8 CM2220 R101B
Installation Guide R2.8 CM2220 R101B Copyright© 2018 Bulletin 5504137 Cummins Inc. Printed 10-JANUARY-2018 All rights reserved To buy Cummins Parts and Service Manuals, Training Guides, or Tools go to our website at https://store.cummins.com Foreword Thank you for depending on Cummins® products. If you have any questions about this product, please contact your Cummins® Authorized Repair Location. You can also visit cumminsengines.com or quickserve.cummins.com for more information, or go to locator.cummins.com for Cummins® distributor and dealer locations and contact information. Read and follow all safety instructions. See the General Safety Instructions in Section i - Introduction. To buy Cummins Parts and Service Manuals, Training Guides, or Tools go to our website at https://store.cummins.com Table of Contents Section Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ i Engine and System Identification .................................................................................................................... E Pre-Install Preparation ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Installation .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 Pre-Start Preparation ........................................................................................................................................ -
Executive Order D-425-50 Toyota Racing Development
State of California AIR RESOURCES BOARD EXECUTIVE ORDER D—425—50 Relating to Exemptions Under Section 27156 of the California Vehicle Code Toyota Racing Development TRD Supercharger System Pursuant to the authority vested in the Air Resources Board by Section 27156 of the Vehicle Code; and Pursuant to the authority vested in the undersigned by Section 39515 and Section 39516 of the Health and Safety Code and Executive Order G—14—012; IT IS ORDERED AND RESOLVED: That the installation of the TRD Supercharger System, manufactured and marketed by Toyota Racing Development, 19001 South Western Avenue, Torrance, California, has been found not to reduce the effectiveness of the applicable vehicle pollution control systems and, therefore, is exempt from the prohibitions of Section 27156 of the Vehicle Code for the following Toyota truck applications: Part No. Model Year Engine Disp. Model PTR29—34070 2007 to 2013 5.7L (3UR—FE) Tundra PTR29—00140 2014 to 2015 5.7L (3UR—FE) Tundra PTR29—34070 2008 to 2013 5.7L (3UR—FE) Sequoia PTR29—00140 2014 to 2015 5.7L (3UR—FE) Sequoia PTR29—60140 2008 to 2015 5.7L (3UR—FE) Land Cruiser/LX570 PTR29—35090 2005 to 2015 4.0L (1GR—FE) Tacoma PTR29—35090 2007 to 2009 4.0L (1GR—FE) FJ Cruiser PTR29—35090 2003 to 2009 4.0L (1GR—FE) 4—Runner PTR29—00130 2010 to 2014 4.0L (1GR—FE) FJ Cruiser PTR29—00130 2010 to 2015 4.0L (1GR—FE) 4—Runner The 5.7L Supercharger System includes a Magnuson supercharger (rated at a maximum boost of 8.5 psi.) with a 2.45 inch diameter supercharger pulley and the stock crankshaft pulley, high flow injectors to replace the stock injectors, a new ECU calibration, intercooler, intake manifold, an air bypass valve, and a new replacement fuel pump which is located in the fuel tank. -
Theory of Machines
THEORY OF MACHINES For MECHANICAL ENGINEERING THEORY OF MACHINES & VIBRATIONS SYLLABUS Theory of Machines: Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms; dynamic analysis of linkages; cams; gears and gear trains; flywheels and governors; balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses; gyroscope. Vibrations: Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems, effect of damping; vibration isolation; resonance; critical speeds of shafts. ANALYSIS OF GATE PAPERS Exam Year 1 Mark Ques. 2 Mark Ques. Total 2003 6 - 15 2004 8 - 18 2005 6 - 14 2006 9 - 21 2007 1 6 13 2008 1 3 7 2009 2 4 10 2010 5 3 11 2011 1 3 7 2012 2 1 4 2013 3 2 7 2014 Set-1 2 3 8 2014 Set-2 2 3 8 2014 Set-3 2 4 10 2014 Set-4 2 3 8 2015 Set-1 1 2 5 2015 Set-2 2 2 6 2015 Set-3 3 3 9 2016 Set-1 2 3 8 2016 Set-2 1 2 5 2016 Set-3 3 3 9 2017 Set-1 1 3 7 2017 Set-2 2 4 10 2018 Set-1 2 3 8 2018 Set-2 2 1 4 © Copyright Reserved by Gateflix.in No part of this material should be copied or reproduced without permission CONTENTS Topics Page No 1. MECHANICS 1.1 Introduction 01 1.2 Kinematic chain 05 1.3 3-D Space Mechanism 07 1.4 Bull Engine / Pendulum Pump 12 1.5 Basic Instantaneous centers in the mechanism 15 1.6 Theorem of Angular Velocities 16 1.7 Mechanical Advantage of the mechanism 22 2. -
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of a Kinematically Driven Flywheel for Reducing Rotational Vibrations
11th International Conference on Vibration Problems Z. Dimitrovova´ et.al. (eds.) Lisbon, Portugal, 9–12 September 2013 THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A KINEMATICALLY DRIVEN FLYWHEEL FOR REDUCING ROTATIONAL VIBRATIONS M. Pfabe*1, C. Woernle1 1University of Rostock fmathias.pfabe, [email protected] Keywords: rotational vibration, torque compensation, driven flywheel, gear wheel mechanism, combustion engine Abstract. Modern turbocharged internal combustion engines induce high fluctuating torques at the crankshaft. They result in rotational crankshaft vibrations that are transferred both to the gearbox and the auxiliary engine systems. To reduce the rotational crankshaft vibrations, a passive mechanical device for compensating fluctuating engine torques has been developed. It comprises a flywheel that is coupled to the crankshaft by means of a non-uniformly transmit- ting mechanism. The kinematical transfer behavior of the mechanism is synthesized in such a manner that the inertia torque of the flywheel compensates at least one harmonic of the fluc- tuating engine torque. The degree of non-uniformity of the mechanism has to be adapted to the actual load and rotational speed of the engine. As a solution, a double-crank mechanism with cycloidal-crank input and adjustable crank length is proposed and analyzed. Parameter synthesis is achieved by means of a simplified mechanical model that calculates the required transfer function for a given engine torque. To analyze the overall dynamic behavior, the device is modeled in a multibody domain. Simulation results are validated using an electrically driven test rig. Comparisons between simulation and experimental results demonstrate the potential of the device. M. Pfabe, C. Woernle 1 Introduction The strong demand for more efficient automobiles forces the development of so-called down- sized combustion engines with high specific power. -
Piston Crown Markings All in the Piston Crown
PISTON CROWN MARKINGS ALL IN THE PISTON CROWN The different piston crown markings and what they mean: Looking at a piston, the markings on the piston crown attract attention. In addition to dimensional and clearance specifications, most pistons show information about their fitting orientation. The pistons are marked with fitting orientations according to specifications from our production customers – the engine manufacturers. Many customers – this means also many different requests and specifications for piston markings. This multitude of markings may appear to the onlooker somewhat like Egyptian hieroglyphs. For this reason, we are giving you here an overview of the most important markings and their meaning: SYMBOL FITTING ORIENTATION IN ENGINE EXAMPLE Steering side (opposite power output/clutch) MB, VW, Opel, BMW Flywheel (power output/clutch) Peugeot, Opel Notch Steering side (opposite power output/clutch) Perkins, Opel (cast-in) Steering side (opposite power output/clutch) „AV“ stands for the AV Citroen, Renault French word „avant“ = in front Flywheel (power output/clutch) „AR“ stands for the French word „ar- Citroen, Renault AR rière“ = at the back Flywheel (power output/clutch) „V“ stands for the French word „vo- V Renault, Peugeot lant“ = flywheel Flywheel (power output/clutch) Renault, Peugeot, Citroen FRONT Steering side (opposite power output/clutch) GM, Perkins vorn Steering side (opposite power output/clutch) Hatz, Liebherr Abluft Exhaust-air side for some air cooled engine Deutz, MWM Special case for two-stroke engines: direction exhaust manifold Zündapp, Husqvarna Special case for some V engines: direction engine centre MB Why is it important to observe the fitting orientation for pistons? Pistons with asymmetric crown shape or pistons that are designed with different sizes of valve pockets in the piston head can only be fitted to the engine in a particular orientation. -
From Crank to Click the Evolution of the Car Key in 1769, the French
Car Key Origins: From Crank to Click The Evolution of the Car Key In 1769, the French inventor, Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, introduced the first automobile to the world. Ever since then, cars have continued to evolve at a remarkable rate. You might think that car keys have accompanied cars all along, but that's a little inaccurate. Car keys, along with auto locksmith services, only saw the light of day in the late 1940's. So what's the story of cars and keys? Read on to find out. Early Cars Had no Keys This might come as a shock, but older cars had no keys to speak of. In the early years of the last century, many used to chain their vehicles to lampposts in order to secure them. Back in the day as well, to start your car's engine, you needed to manually crank up the engine. But this had its drawbacks. With engines getting bigger and more powerful, rotating a lever to start your car proved inconvenient, even dangerous. In turn, this made way for the electric starter, a small motor driven with a high enough voltage to start the engine. A Step closer to a Car Key In addition to the electric starter, the early decades of the twentieth century featured others types of starters, such as spring motors and air starter motors. The driver was able to operate those starters by pressing a button on the dashboard or the floor. Alternatively, a few cars had pedals to engage the starter by foot. The advent of button-operated starters meant an easier, safer way of starting your car. -
Poppet Valve
POPPET VALVE A poppet valve is a valve consisting of a hole, usually round or oval, and a tapered plug, usually a disk shape on the end of a shaft also called a valve stem. The shaft guides the plug portion by sliding through a valve guide. In most applications a pressure differential helps to seal the valve and in some applications also open it. Other types Presta and Schrader valves used on tires are examples of poppet valves. The Presta valve has no spring and relies on a pressure differential for opening and closing while being inflated. Uses Poppet valves are used in most piston engines to open and close the intake and exhaust ports. Poppet valves are also used in many industrial process from controlling the flow of rocket fuel to controlling the flow of milk[[1]]. The poppet valve was also used in a limited fashion in steam engines, particularly steam locomotives. Most steam locomotives used slide valves or piston valves, but these designs, although mechanically simpler and very rugged, were significantly less efficient than the poppet valve. A number of designs of locomotive poppet valve system were tried, the most popular being the Italian Caprotti valve gear[[2]], the British Caprotti valve gear[[3]] (an improvement of the Italian one), the German Lentz rotary-cam valve gear, and two American versions by Franklin, their oscillating-cam valve gear and rotary-cam valve gear. They were used with some success, but they were less ruggedly reliable than traditional valve gear and did not see widespread adoption. In internal combustion engine poppet valve The valve is usually a flat disk of metal with a long rod known as the valve stem out one end. -
SB-10052498-5734.Pdf
SB-10052498-5734 ATTENTION: IMPORTANT - All GENERAL MANAGER q Service Personnel PARTS MANAGER q Should Read and CLAIMS PERSONNEL q Initial in the boxes SERVICE MANAGER q provided, right. SERVICE BULLETIN APPLICABILITY: 2013MY Legacy and Outback 2.5L Models NUMBER: 11-130-13R 2012-13MY Impreza 2.0L Models DATE: 04/05/13 2013MY XV Crosstrek REVISED: 06/19/13 2011-2014MY Forester 2013MY BRZ SUBJECT: Difficulty Starting, Rough Idle, Cam Position or Misfire DTCs P0340, P0341, P0345, P0346, P0365, P0366, P0390, P0391, P0301, P0302, P0303 or P0304 INTRODUCTION This Bulletin provides inspection and repair procedures for intake and exhaust camshaft position-related and/or engine misfire DTCs for the FA and FB engine-equipped models listed above. The camshaft position sensor (CPS) clearance may be out of specification causing these condition(s) and one or more of the DTCs listed above to set. In addition to a Check Engine light coming on, there may or may not be customer concerns of rough idle, extended cranking or no start. NOTES: • This Service Bulletin will replace Bulletin numbers 11-100-11R, 11-122-12, 11-124-12R and 11-125-12. • Read this Bulletin completely before starting any repairs as service procedures have changed. • An exhaust cam position sensor clearance out of specification willNOT cause a startability issue. COUNTERMEASURE IN PRODUCTION MODEL STARTING VIN Legacy D*038918 Outback D*295279 Impreza 4-Door D*020700 Impreza 5-Door D*835681 XV Crosstrek Forester E*410570 BRZ D*607924 NOTE: These VINs are for reference only. There may be a small number of vehicles after the starting VINs listed above which do not have the countermeasure due to production sequence changes. -
Considerations About “Dead Centre” in Cycling. in Bicycle Pedalling, The
Project 003: Considerations about “Dead Centre” in cycling. In bicycle pedalling, the pedal crank cycle is characterized by a power phase (pedal down-stroke) followed by a recovery phase (pedal up-stroke). Scientific and other publications introduce the notion of “Dead Centre” (or “Dead Spot” or “Dead Point”), separating the “power phase” from the “recovery phase” and being arbitrary located at 0° (Top-Dead-Centre or TDC) respectively at 180° (Bottom-Dead-Centre or BDC). In this position the cranks are vertically positioned. Many authors try to explain possible biomechanical advantages of the non- circular chainring by the effect of the reduced immediate gear ratio making the crank arm pass through these “idle zones” faster (what happens when the crank arm is oriented roughly in line with the minor axis of the oval). The question is: -what is the exact meaning of the “Dead Centre” in the bicycle pedalling cycle? -where is or are the “Dead Centre(s)” located? 1. Definition of “Dead Centre” In mechanical engineering, by describing a crank-conrod-rod mechanism (see a 2-stroke engine) the notion of “Dead Centre” is meaningful and is perfectly defined. See picture 1. Picture 1: Crank-conrod-rod 1 In the crank - conrod - rod mechanism, the rod is the driving element. The force F in the direction of the rod is transferred to the crank by means of the connecting rod (conrod). The joints of the bars are perfect pivot points. The crank will rotate when the pivot point of the joint “crank-conrod” is not positioned in a “dead centre”. -
ZF Microcommand User Manual
INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND TROUBLESHOOTING MM9110 - MICROCOMMANDER USER MANUAL MARINE PROPULSION SYSTEMS COPYRIGHT Released by After Sales dept. Data subject to change without notice. We decline all responsibility for the use of non-original components or accessories wich have not been tested and submitted for approval. =)UHVHUYHVDOOULJKWVUHJDUGLQJWKHVKRZQWHFKQLFDOLQIRUPDWLRQLQFOXGLQJWKHULJKWWRÀOHLQGXVWULDOSURSHUW\ULJKWDSSOLFD - tions and the industrial property rights resulting from these in Germany and abroad. © ZF Friedrichshafen AG, 2014. 2 EN 3340.758.008a - 2014-10 TABLE OF CONTENT Table of Contents SW15623.0P MicroCommander User Manual..................................................... 1 Table of Contents .................................................................................3 Preface ...............................................................................................15 Revision List .......................................................................................19 1 Introduction........................................................................................21 1.1 Basic Theory of Operation............................................................................................................... 21 1.2 System Features.............................................................................................................................. 21 2 Operation ...........................................................................................23 2.1 DC Power On.................................................................................................................................. -
Diesel Engine Starting Systems Are As Follows: a Diesel Engine Needs to Rotate Between 150 and 250 Rpm
chapter 7 DIESEL ENGINE STARTING SYSTEMS LEARNING OBJECTIVES KEY TERMS After reading this chapter, the student should Armature 220 Hold in 240 be able to: Field coil 220 Starter interlock 234 1. Identify all main components of a diesel engine Brushes 220 Starter relay 225 starting system Commutator 223 Disconnect switch 237 2. Describe the similarities and differences Pull in 240 between air, hydraulic, and electric starting systems 3. Identify all main components of an electric starter motor assembly 4. Describe how electrical current flows through an electric starter motor 5. Explain the purpose of starting systems interlocks 6. Identify the main components of a pneumatic starting system 7. Identify the main components of a hydraulic starting system 8. Describe a step-by-step diagnostic procedure for a slow cranking problem 9. Describe a step-by-step diagnostic procedure for a no crank problem 10. Explain how to test for excessive voltage drop in a starter circuit 216 M07_HEAR3623_01_SE_C07.indd 216 07/01/15 8:26 PM INTRODUCTION able to get the job done. Many large diesel engines will use a 24V starting system for even greater cranking power. ● SEE FIGURE 7–2 for a typical arrangement of a heavy-duty electric SAFETY FIRST Some specific safety concerns related to starter on a diesel engine. diesel engine starting systems are as follows: A diesel engine needs to rotate between 150 and 250 rpm ■ Battery explosion risk to start. The purpose of the starting system is to provide the torque needed to achieve the necessary minimum cranking ■ Burns from high current flow through battery cables speed. -
I Lecture Note
Machine Dynamics – I Lecture Note By Er. Debasish Tripathy ( Assist. Prof. Mechanical Engineering Department, VSSUT, Burla, Orissa,India) Syllabus: Module – I 1. Mechanisms: Basic Kinematic concepts & definitions, mechanisms, link, kinematic pair, degrees of freedom, kinematic chain, degrees of freedom for plane mechanism, Gruebler’s equation, inversion of mechanism, four bar chain & their inversions, single slider crank chain, double slider crank chain & their inversion.(8) Module – II 2. Kinematics analysis: Determination of velocity using graphical and analytical techniques, instantaneous center method, relative velocity method, Kennedy theorem, velocity in four bar mechanism, slider crank mechanism, acceleration diagram for a slider crank mechanism, Klein’s construction method, rubbing velocity at pin joint, coriolli’s component of acceleration & it’s applications. (12) Module – III 3. Inertia force in reciprocating parts: Velocity & acceleration of connecting rod by analytical method, piston effort, force acting along connecting rod, crank effort, turning moment on crank shaft, dynamically equivalent system, compound pendulum, correction couple, friction, pivot & collar friction, friction circle, friction axis. (6) 4. Friction clutches: Transmission of power by single plate, multiple & cone clutches, belt drive, initial tension, Effect of centrifugal tension on power transmission, maximum power transmission(4). Module – IV 5. Brakes & Dynamometers: Classification of brakes, analysis of simple block, band & internal expanding shoe brakes, braking of a vehicle, absorbing & transmission dynamometers, prony brakes, rope brakes, band brake dynamometer, belt transmission dynamometer & torsion dynamometer.(7) 6. Gear trains: Simple trains, compound trains, reverted train & epicyclic train. (3) Text Book: Theory of machines, by S.S Ratan, THM Mechanism and Machines Mechanism: If a number of bodies are assembled in such a way that the motion of one causes constrained and predictable motion to the others, it is known as a mechanism.