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Permian Pelecypods in the Lower Quartermaster Formation, Texas

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Permian Pelecypods in the Lower Quartermaster Formation, Texas View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences of 5-1941 PERMIAN PELECYPODS IN THE LOWER QUARTERMASTER FORMATION, TEXAS Robert Roth Humble Oil & Refining Norman D. Newell University of Wisconsin - Madison Benjamin H. Burma University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Roth, Robert; Newell, Norman D.; and Burma, Benjamin H., "PERMIAN PELECYPODS IN THE LOWER QUARTERMASTER FORMATION, TEXAS" (1941). Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. 320. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/geosciencefacpub/320 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. JOURNALOF PALEONTOLOGY,VOL. 15, No. 3, PP. 312-317, PL. 45, MAY, 1941 PERMIAN PELECYPODS IN THE LOWER QUARTERMASTER FORMATION, TEXAS ROBERT ROTH Humble Oil and Refining Company, Wichita Falls, Texas NORMAN D. NEWELL AND BENJAMIN H. BURMA University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin ABSTRACT-The age of the Quartermasterformation of Oklahoma and Texas has been the subject of some controversy,being variouslygiven as late Permianor Trias- sic (?). Fossils have not been reportedfrom these beds until the present discovery of a faunule in the lower part of the Doxey shale at the base of the Quartermaster. Three species are recognized, Naticopsis transversus (Beede), Schizodus oklahomensis Beede, and Myalina acutirostris,n. sp. These forms characterize the recently de- scribed Whitehorsefauna and indicate close relationshipof the enclosing beds with the Whitehorseformation, even though the Quartermasterfossils occur more than a thousand feet above the lowest fossiliferous horizon of the Whitehorse. If the Whitehorse is Guadalupian (late Permian) in age, then the fossiliferous Quarter- master beds probably are also to be correlated with some part of the Guadalupian or perhaps Ochoa of western Texas. THE QUARTERMASTER formation, consist- semble some of the Triassic formations of ing of reddish silty shales and friable the Rocky Mountain region, but except for sandstones, lies at the top of the Permian the absence of anhydrite beds the Quarter- red beds in Oklahoma, Kansas, and the master also is very similar to the underlying Texas Panhandle. In recent years there has Whitehorse sandstone of probable Guadalup- been a growing tendency among Mid- ian (late Permian) age. Continent geologists to class part or all of An age younger than Triassic has not been the Quartermaster with the Triassic system entertained because the Quartermaster is on the grounds that a regional hiatus sepa- overlain unconformably by the Dockum rates the Quartermaster from the under- group of undoubted Upper Triassic age. lying Cloud Chief. There is considerable Heretofore fossils have not been known disagreement regarding the position and from the Quartermaster beds.1 Therefore significance of an unconformity in this our discovery of a fossiliferous horizon in the general part of the column (Green, 1937, p. lower part of the Quartermaster has impor- 1528; Evans, in Green, pp. 1529-1533), but tant bearing on the age of the enclosing even if an important regional hiatus at the rocks and the location of the Permo-Triassic base of the Quartermaster could be demon- boundary within the region. strated it would not necessarily imply that The purpose of this paper is to present the these beds should be excluded from the se- faunal evidence for the age of the fossilifer- quence below. ous beds in the lower Quartermaster. As a result of the studies by one of us along the east side of the Permian Basin, it STRATIGRAPHY seems probable that there are several breaks, The nomenclature and classification of at least locally, within the Whitehorse- the Quartermaster and underlying beds Quartermaster sequence. One of these is at summarized in the following table essentially the base of the Dozier lens of the White- follows that adopted by Green (1937, pp. horse, another at the top of the Cloud Chief, 1525-1529), except that Green does not and one at the top of the Doxey shale. In recognize the usefulness of the Custer as a addition, although unrecognized in the field stratigraphic unit. by us, must be noted the unconformity at 1 Fossils cited from the Quartermaster by the base (or in) the Doxey described by Beede are now known to have come from the Evans (1937, ibid.). lower part of the Whitehorse formation (see Lithologically the Quartermaster beds re- Newell, 1940, p. 263). 312 PERMIAN PELECYPODS IN TEXAS 313 Upper red beds in Oklahoma and due consideration to the possibility that our Northern Texas fossils are from Day Creek equivalents Major unconformity. rather than the Doxey shale. Custer group. The Day Creek dolomite was first de- Quartermasterformation. scribed in Kansas F. W. Elk City sandstone. by Cragin (1896). Doxey shale. The "Hackberry" shales of Kansas, which Day Creek dolomite. overlie the Day Creek dolomite are classed Whitehorse formation. as Quartermaster by Noel Evans (1931). Cloud Chief gypsum. The Whitehorse formation of Kansas under- Rush Springs sandstone. Marlow member. lies the Day Creek dolomite, but since Major unconformity. evaporites are not known to occur at the outcrop in the Whitehorse of Kansas it has The fossiliferous horizon occurs near the been impossible to identify its subdivisions base of the Doxey shale, therefore in the that far north. Much difficulty has been ex- lowermost part of the Quartermaster, more perienced by field geologists in attempting than a thousand feet above the fossiliferous to trace the Day Creek dolomite southward beds in the lower part of the Whitehorse into Oklahoma. Evans and Green are now formation. The Doxey shale is a highly dis- agreed that this dolomite may be traced as tinctive unit over wide areas and can be far south as northern Dewey County, Okla- readily recognized in the subsurface as well homa before it loses its identity. Massive as at the outcrop, so that lithologic cor- beds of anhydrite wedge into the section relations generally can readily be made. beneath the Day Creek dolomite in northern One of the more conspicuous characteris- Oklahoma. These evaporites are included in tics is the presence within the Doxey shale the Cloud Chief member at the top of the of magenta-colored shales, which attain a Whitehorse formation. Since Dewey County thickness of as much as a foot. The texture Oklahoma is 160 miles from our fossil of these shales is "greasy," like talc or locality in Briscoe County, Texas, and since kaolin. They are well laminated and com- the Day Creek dolomite does not litho- monly contain very dark greenish-brown logically resemble the fossiliferous dolomite biotite. They may have originated as water- in Briscoe County, it does not seem advis- laid volcanic ash. Shales of this color do not able at this time to correlate the two hori- occur below the Doxey except in the Mar- zons, even though they are possibly of nearly low, where they are associated with the the same age. The Alibates and Rustler Relay Creek dolomites. The similar shales in dolomites and anhydrites possibly also the Marlow are but a few inches thick and occur in this zone. have long been known to field geologists as On the 13th of April, 1940, a thin fossil- "pink" shales. So far as is known the upper iferous dolomite was discovered in the lower Triassic Dockum group, which overlies the Doxey shale in Briscoe County, Texas, ap- Quartermaster, does not contain shales of proximately at the center of section 63, this color or physical aspect. In the Pan- block E-2, D. & S. F. R. R. Survey. handle of Texas pale magenta-colored shales The following section was measured at occur just above the Alibates dolomite the outcrop and shows the general strati- wherever the Doxey has not been removed graphic relationships of the pale magenta- by pre-Dockum erosion. In the Permian colored shales to the Quartermaster. The Basin area of west Texas pale magenta- section was measured just southwest of the colored shales have been recognized as far southwest corner of section 63 in the above south as the Big Lake oil field in Reagan block and survey. where occur above the County, they just section Rustler dolomites and A Surface of Quartermasterbeds, anhydrites. pos- Briscoe County, Texas sible correlation is thus suggested between Feet the Rustler and Alibates dolomites. Dockum beds. Since the fossiliferous horizon in the Unconformity. formation. beds is Quartermaster Quartermaster probably near the Elk City sandstone Day Creek horizon, it is necessary to give 1. Sandstone,soft, micaceous,red- 314 R. ROTH, N. D. NEWELL AND B. H. BURMA Feet Feet dish-orange, with polished light-gray to cream-colored grains, locally cross-bedded;lo- where fresh, with a few thin cal shale conglomerateat base, salmon-coloredlaminae, arena- commonly leached gray, with ceous, has thin shale pebble dark greenish-drab mica, and conglomerate at base; just very large, frosted sand grains. 67.3 above the dolomite there local- Doxey shale ly is about 18 inches of leached 2. Sandstone, orange, polished anhydrite containingbiscuits of grains,very fine except for local selenite up to 2 inches in diam- grits, interbedded with several eter, together with the dolomite beds of pale magenta-colored very local .................. 2.0 shale; the whole is very thin 12. Shale, pale magenta-colored; bedded, locally rippled....... 48.0 grits, light reddish-brown,up- 3. Sandstone and terra-cotta per part contains a splendid de- shale, orange...............
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