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2004, Ground-Water System in the Chimacum Creek Basin

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2004, Ground-Water System in the Chimacum Creek Basin Cover: Photograph looking southeast towards the community of Chimacum, Washington. (Photograph taken by William F. Simonds, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004) Ground-Water System in the Chimacum Creek Basin and Surface Water/Ground Water Interaction in Chimacum and Tarboo Creeks and the Big and Little Quilcene Rivers, Eastern Jefferson County, Washington By F. William Simonds, Claire I. Longpré, and Greg B. Justin Prepared in cooperation with the Jefferson County Department of Natural Resources Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5058 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2004 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225-0286 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Simonds, F.W., Longpré, C.I., and Justin, G.B., 2004, Ground-water system in the Chimacum Creek Basin and surface water/ground water interaction in Chimacum and Tarboo Creeks and the Big and Little Quilcene Rivers, Eastern Jefferson County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5058, 49 p. iii Contents Abstract. 1 Introduction . 2 Purpose and Scope . 2 Previous Studies . 2 Acknowledgments. 2 Description of Study Area . 4 Topography, Climate, and Vegetation. 4 Population and Water Use . 4 Precipitation and Streamflow . 5 Study Methods. 6 Well Inventory . 8 Hydrogeology . 8 Surface-Water and Ground-Water Interactions . 10 Seepage Runs . 10 Mini-Piezometers . 10 Vertical Temperature Profiles . 12 Ground-Water System in the Chimacum Creek Basin . 13 Hydrogeologic Units . 13 Quaternary Alluvium. 13 Vashon Recessional Outwash . 16 Vashon Lodgement Till . .17 Vashon Advance Outwash . 17 Older Glacial Deposits . 17 Bedrock. 19 Hydraulic Properties . 19 Ground-Water System . 23 Ground-Water Levels . 23 Ground-Water-Flow Directions . .25 Seasonal Variations. 25 Surface Water/Ground Water Interactions . .27 Chimacum Creek . 27 Tarboo Creek. 33 Big Quilcene River . 37 Little Quilcene River . 41 Comparison Between Drainage Basins. 43 Additional Studies . 44 Summary . 44 References Cited . 46 iv Plate [In pocket] Plate 1. Map showing surficial geology and locations of inventoried wells and hydrogeologic sections showing hydrogeologic units in the Chimacum Creek Basin, eastern Jefferson County, Washington. Figures Figure 1. Map showing drainages of Chimacum and Tarboo Creeks and the Big and Little Quilcene Rivers in Water Resource Inventory Area 17, eastern Jefferson County, Washington . 3 Figure 2. Bar graphs showing annual (1949-2002), monthly (April 2002-July 2003), and daily (April 1, 2002-July 30, 2003) precipitation at National Weather Service station Chimacum 4S, Center, Washington . 6 Figure 3. Diagrams showing typical instream mini-piezometer and vertical temperature profile and configuration of a seepage run along a reach of a stream . .7 Figure 4. Diagram showing well-numbering system used in Washington . 9 Figure 5. Diagram showing how a manometer board is used to measure hydraulic head differences throughout a streambed. 11 Figure 6. Maps showing generalized geology of the Olympic Mountains and the extent of the Vashon Puget lobe of the Fraser Cordilleran glaciation . 14 Figure 7. Map showing extent and thickness of the Vashon Advance Outwash in the Chimacum Creek Basin, eastern Jefferson County, Washington . 18 Figure 8. Map showing extent and thickness of the Older Glacial Deposits in the Chimacum Creek Basin, eastern Jefferson County, Washington . 20 Figure 9. Map showing altitude of the bedrock surface in Chimacum Creek Basin, eastern Jefferson County, Washington . 21 Figure 10. Map showing water-level contours and approximate directions of ground-water flow in aquifers in the Qva and Qgo units in the Chimacum Creek Basin, eastern Jefferson County, Washington . 24 Figure 11. Hydrographs showing seasonal variation in water levels measured in nine monitoring wells screened in water-bearing units in the Chimacum Creek Basin, eastern Jefferson County, Washington, March 2002-July 2003 . 26 Figure 12. Map showing locations of mini-piezometers and seepage-run measurement sites in the study reaches of the Chimacum Creek drainage basin, eastern Jefferson County, Washington . 28 Figure 13. Graphs showing vertical hydraulic gradient in ground water beneath the streambed measured at mini-piezometers in Chimacum Creek and East Fork Chimacum Creek, eastern Jefferson County, Washington, March 2002-July 2003 . 31 Figure 14. Graphs showing vertical temperature profiles at sites WC6 and C4 in Chimacum Creek, eastern Jefferson County, Washington, May 2002-July 2003 . 32 Figure 15. Map showing locations of mini-piezometers and seepage-run measurement sites in the study reaches of the Tarboo Creek drainage basin, eastern Jefferson County, Washington . 34 Figure 16. Graph showing vertical hydraulic gradient in ground water beneath the streambed measured at mini-piezometers in Tarboo Creek, eastern Jefferson County, Washington, May 2002-July 2003 . 37 v Figure 17. Map showing locations of mini-piezometers and seepage-run measurement sites in the study reaches of the lower Big Quilcene River, eastern Jefferson County, Washington. 38 Figure 18. Graph showing vertical hydraulic gradient in ground water beneath the streambed measured at mini-piezometers in the lower Big Quilcene River, eastern Jefferson County, Washington, May 2002-July 2003 . 40 Figure 19. Graph showing vertical temperature profiles at site BQ1 in the lower Big Quilcene River, eastern Jefferson County, Washington, June 2002-July 2003 . ..
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