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FL 002 912 Traditions, Proverbs DOCUMENT RESUME ED 058 812 FL 002 912 AUTHOR Machiran Sague, Consuelo TITLE El Folklore de Cuba: Primera Parte (TheFolklore of Cuba: Part 1). INSTITUTION Pennsylvania State Modern LanguageAssociation. PUB DATE 71 NOTE 5p.; Speech presented at thePennsylvania State Modern Language Association Ctmference,Gannon College, Erie, Pennsylvania, October 1970 JOURNAL CIT Bulletin of the Pennsylvan!_a State ModernLanguage Association; v50 n1 p3-7 F 1971 EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS Childrens Games; *Cultural Background;Culture; Dance; *Ethnology; *Folk Culture;History; *Latin American Culture; Legends; Music;Mythology; Proverbs; Religion; Social Sciences;Sociology; Spanish Culture; *Spanish Speaking IDENTIFIERS *Cuba ABSTRACT The study of the history of a country mustbe accompanied by study of all the elementsthat contribute to its folklore: music, dances, legends, mythstraditions, proverbs, and customs. This paper provides examplesof eleatents within the folk tradition of Cuba that contribute to thestudy of history. The background of several songs, games, anddances is presented. Examples of religious stories and legends arediscussed. (1/M) OF HEAL1H,EDUCATION U.S. DEPARTMENT &WELFAREATION OFFI CIIoreouC I ooCUMENT, HAS BEENREPRODUCED THE PERSON OR EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROMIT. POINTS OF ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING DO NOT NECES- VIEW OR OPINIONS STATEDOFFICE OF EDU- SARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL CATION,p0SITION on POLICY EL FOLKLORE DE CUBA: PRIMERA PARTE* Dra. Consuelo Machirán Sagu6 r44,/ Villa Maria College e4 CIO El estudio de la historia de un pais no es Duérmete mi nifio, duérmete mi amor, suficiente para conocer e interpretar a su duérmete pedazo de mi coraz6n. pueblo, para ello es necesario complementarlo Este nifio lindo que naci6 de dia, con el estudio de todos los elementos que inte- quiere que lo neve a la neverfa; e) gran su folklore: nuisica, bailes, leyendas, mitos, Este nifio lindo que naci6 de noche, tradiciones, adivinanzas, estribillos, proverbios, quiere que lo lleve a pasear en coche. costumbres, etc. La Historia nos presenta la %Ai sucesiOn de eventos en los que el pueblo ha sido Juegos de la Primera Infancia su principal protagonista; el folklore nos per- Entre los juegos de madre a hijo acompafia- mite llegaralcoraz6ndelpueblo mismodos de canciones tenemos el de Las Manieas dándonos la oportunidad de conocerlo a fondo.que aim se practica en muchas regiones de Debemos la palabra "folklore" al inglés Wil-Espafia: liam Thomas que fue el primero en lanzarla al ;Qué linda manita tiene este niiiito! püblico. "Folk": tradición, leyenda, gente y ;Qué linda manila que Dios se la dio! "lore": creencia, saber. i,Es para mama? LEs para papa.? El estudio de nuestro folklore debia iniciarse Es para el nifio trabajar. con referencias a los primitivos habitantes de Y este en que la madre, al mismo tiempo que Cuba, tainos y siboneyes, pero aunque encanta hace girar la mano derecha al ritmo de algunas poblaciones de la Isla como El Caneyla musica, lo que el bebito imitard después. y Yateras afin existen tipos étnicos con todas Tengo la manita quebrada, las caracteristicas de nuestros aborigenes, no No tiene huesito ni nada. hay savia de ellos en nuestro folklore, sus raicesLos Maderos de San Juan se esconden profundamente en Espaiia y Af- rica; de alM nos vinieron la mfisica, la religion, He aqui un juego de madre e hijo basado en las tradiciones, las costumbres. Cuba esunel poema del mismo nombre del poeta modern- pais de dos culturas y sus mezclas. No obstanteista colombiano, José AsunciOn Silva. (1865- nuestro folklore linguistico se ha enriquecido1896). El nifio sentado en las piernas de la con algunas palabras indias en las que esmadre, de frente a ella, es balanceado hacia interesante notar coma predominan en ellas lasdelante y hacia atrds al ritmo de los versos. Al vocales fuertes: a,o,e. Ejemplos de ellasson: final la madre le hace cosi:0111as en las axilas "hamaca", "bohio", "canoa", "tabaco", "yuca",produciendo la risa del bebito. "casabe", "guayo", "concuco", "batey", "bar- Y aserrin, aserrdn, bacoa", "hajareque", "bate". los maderos de San Juan piden queso, piden par.; Las primeras ciudades fundadaspor los los de Roque, Alfandogne, espafioles como Baracoa, Santiago de Cuba, los de Trique, Triquitrén. Sancti Spiritus, Trinidad, Puerto Principey la ;Triqui, triqui, triqui, tran! Habana dm muestran en su arquitecturauna gran influencia espafiola. Aqui, en la viejas yOtros juegos infantiles estrechas calles coloniales, pueden verse las Los siguientes juegos para nifios de la se- casas tipicas de puntal alto, tejas de barro ygunda infancia son de origen indiscutiblemente grandes ventanas con barrotes de hierro; yen espafiol como Comadrita la rana que los nifios estas ciudades es donde se encuentra una vetajuegan en cucillas imitando el salto de larana. inagotable de juegos, canciones, proverbios, etc. de origen espafiol que inmediatamente pasamos Cantos y juegos de rondas a describir. Tanto en Cuba como en otros paises anti- Canciones de Cuna. llanos son muy populares los juegos de rondas si guientes. era. Desde la pdmera infancia escuchamos de labios de nuestros mayores las canciones deMaterile cuna. Una muy conocida es "Duérmete mi (Dos filas de nifios, una frente a otra, se niiio: acercan y alejan cantando alternativamente. Después de la primera estrofa suprimiremos la Delivered at the Fall Conference (1970) of the expresi6n "Materile, rile, rile?" que se repite PSMLA. después de cada verso.) 0 3 :. Group 1: LD6nde estA la Have tendrem el mismo esquema, por lo tanto pre- Materile, rile, rile? sentar6 solamente los versos originales a partir Grupo 2: En el fondo del mar de la segunda estrofa. Materile, rile, rile. Mambrii se fue a la guerra iqué dolor, qu6 Grupo 1: LQuién la irti a buscar? dolor, qué penal Mambni se fue a la guerra y no se cuando Grupo 2: Juanita Baldomero vend* que do, re, mi, que do, re, fa, no se cuando Grupo 1: 1,Que oficio le pondremos? vendrá. Grupo 2: Le pondremos carpLitero LVendrá para las Pascuas o para Navidad? Materile, rile, rile. Le pondremos carpintero La Navidad se pasa y Mambrit no ha vuelto Materile rile, ron. mas. Grupo 1: Ese oficio no le gusts, Materile, rile, rile Por allf viene un paje tqué noticia traerti? Ese oficio no le gusts, Materile, rile, ron. La noticia que traigo os ha de hacer Baran Este juego se prolonga hasta quetodos los nifios han participado en la selección deoficios. Que ya /Ambit se ha muerto y lo Bevan a enterrar. La Cojita La Cojita es un juego de ronda en que una La caja era de oro y la tapa de cristal. nifia simulando ser coja se sitila en el centro de la ronda. El cora le pregunta que harti si se Encima de la tapa on pajarito va. encuentra con el rey, después con la reina y por dltimo con el guardia. Al referirse al guardia Cantando el pia, pia, el pia, pfo, pa despectivamente, abandons la ronda; el guardia que do, re, mi, que do, re, fa, la persigue. El coro estará siempre presto a el pia, pia, pa. brindarle refugia a la cojita. Los pontos a con- tinuación de los primeros versos de cada estrofaUna tarde de verano .. indican que debe repetirse la expresión "que Una tarde de verano es una ronda espafiola mi du fi, que mi du fa." que describe la iniciaciónde una nifia que entra en un convent° donde le cortanel pelo y la des- Coro: /336nde va la cojita, pojan de sus prendas como voto de pobreza que mi du fi, que mi du fa? siguiendo una vieja costumbre. Nota: Todos los Cojita: Voy al campo a buscar violetas versos se repiten menos lossenalados con asteriscos. Com LSi te encuentras con el rey? Una tarde de verano me sacaron a paseo* Cojita: Yo le hare una reverencia. y al doblar por una esquina cuatro monjitas salieron. Coro:Si te encuentras con la reina? Todas vestidas de negro como si fuera un entierro. Cajita: Yo la sacar6 a paseo. Me cogieron por la mano Com: j,Si te encuentras con el guardia? y empezaron coda pelo* corta pelo, coda pelo* Cojita: Yo me burlar6 de 61. Y lo que yo mM sentfa aretico de mi oreja, anillito de mi dedo, Mambrd se fue a la guerra pulsera de mi mufieca. Mambrd se fue a la guerra es una canciGn del siglo XVIII de origen franc6s. ElnombreLa Pdjara Pinta, juego de la primera adoles- Mambrit es una corrupción de Marlborough.cencia. John Churchill, Duque de Marlborough,fa- Al jugar esta ronda los nifios realizan las ac- moso general inglés alfrente de la coaliciónciones que se mencionan. europea, combati6 victoriosamentecontra los Estaba la pfijara pinta franceses desde 1702 a 1711. Después de la sentada en su verde lim6n batalla de Malplaquet en 1709 se le crey6 con el pico recoge la rams muerto y surgieron estos versos originados en y con la rama recoge la flor. Francia que pasaron a nosotros, tal vez, a Dame esta manu, dame esta otra, tray& de Espafia. dame un besito al pie de ia boca. Nota: Los versos b y d se repiten en todas las Esta es mi media vuelta, estrofas. En cada estrofa hay solamente dos esta es mi vuelta entera, versos originales el a y el o. Todaslas estrofas echando un pasito alente 4 y haciendo la reverencia, Cuando cobre el pagarO, pero si, pero si, pero si, que gustc te voy a dar, Rodolfito te quiero a ti. montarás en aeroplano y un automOvil te N,oy a comprar. Algo diferente. Como consecuencia de la inrnigración deOtras canciones popuktres franceses que huyendo de 'Haiti se establecieron La décima.La décima, muy popular en en el este de Cuba aim queda alguna influenciaCuba, espewlmente on el campo, es una corn- como esta cancioncilla que recuerdo cantabaposición poatica de diez octosilabos dispuestos una criadarepostera, que habia trabajadoen la siguiente forma: dos redondillas enlazadas muchos arks con descendientes de franceses.
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