I, My ODF Journey from Shame to Pride

February 2016

The Story of Forty Four Gram Panchayats Achieving ODF Status with Equity and Sustainability in 100 Days Documentation support: UNICEF State Office for List of Acronyms

ADM : Additional District Magistrate BDO : Block Development Officer BEEO : Block Elementary Education Officer BLO : Block Level Officer BLS : Baseline Survey CATS : Community Approaches to Total Sanitation CEO : Chief Executive Officer CDPO : Child Development Project Officer DLO : District Level Officer DEO : District Education Officer DD-ICDS : Deputy Director – Integrated Child Development Services DM : District Magistrate DPC-SBM : District Project Coordinator – Swachh Bharat Mission DRG : District Resource Group FINISH Society : Financial Inclusion Improves Sanitation and Health Society GoR : Government of Rajasthan GP : Gram Panchayat HH : Household IEC : Information Education and Communication IHHL : Individual Household Latrine MLA : Member of Legislative Assembly ODF : Open Defecation Free ODEP : Open Defecation Elimination Plan PRI : Panchayati Raj Institutions R-SHACS : Rajasthan Sanitation and Hygiene Advocacy and Communication Strategy SDLO : Sub Divisional Level Officer SBM - G : Swachh Bharat Mission – Gramin SDM : Sub-Divisional Magistrate SE-PHED : Superintending Engineer – Public Health Department SHACS : Sanitation and Hygiene Advocacy and Communication Strategy SOP : Standard Operating Procedures SRG : State Resource Group SSOPs : Simplified Standard Operating Procedures TSC : Total Sanitation Campaign UNICEF : United Nations Children’s Fund WASH : Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

English rendering of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi’s address at the launch of Swachh Bharat Mission at Rajpath 2 October 2014

“Today is 2nd October, the birth anniversaries of our Pujya Mahatma Gandhi and Lal Bahadur Shashtri ji. Lal Bahadur Shastri gave us the Mantra of Jai Jawan Jai Kisan. Indian Farmers filled the granaries in reply to that exhortation. Pujya Bapu gave us the message of ‘Quit - Clean India’. Our countrymen, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, freed the nation from colonialism. Bapu’s dream of cleanliness, however, remains unfulfilled.” I am Dungarpur

A non-descript district, in the dignity. The daughter-in-laws’ southernmost part of Rajasthan, are grateful to their families for spread over 3770 kilometers. As having them married into my my name suggests, my terrain is households. My sons are able to hilly, but beautiful. I am known save their hard earned money as the Kashmir of Rajasthan. as it is not being wasted on expenses incurred due to water There is no stench in my and sanitation related illnesses. pathways. My children are able My villages have become greener to walk freely around my villages and my children are more self- and play as much as they want sufficient. to, as they do not fall ill. My daughters are healthier and safer now and are living a life of

1 Wondering Why?

Forty four Gram Panchayats changed. Peoples’ mindset were (GPs), covering 75,000 transformed. Women’s voices households of mine have become were heard. Children’s needs Open Defecation Free (ODF) in were understood. Men used 100 days. This is a feat! My sons their money effectively. A lot of and daughters, old and young, motivation and hard work went have got a new lease of life - a life into making Dungarpur what it of dignity, safety and hygiene. is today, what it has achieved A miracle happened to make today. A long journey was me reach this stage. At least traversed to reach to this point for me, it was. What could not - a journey, full of tribulations, happen for an uncountable lessons, challenges, rewards and number of years, took place in a lot of perseverance. less than a year. 100 days to be exact. Age old behaviours

Women in Dungarpur Lead the Way

One of my most brave daughters, Hina Ahari set an example for the Dungarpur ODF drive - a 24-year- old woman- attended a training session organized by United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and Financial Inclusion Improves Sanitation and Health (FINISH) Society motivators and realized the importance of a toilet at home. She decided to take a stand. When she went to her maternal home for a vacation, she called her husband and refused to return until he built a toilet for her. “I decided to not live in shame and demanded a toilet from my husband for my dignity. My husband also understood my plight and constructed a toilet.

2 My Story

Until about a year ago (October Sanitation Status of India 2014) this is where I stood - with over 249 Gram Panchayats in India has 60 per cent of my region, not a single Gram the world’s population that Panchayat (GP) was Open defecates in the open and Defecation Free (ODF) and only 22 per cent of world’s total 12 per cent of the households under 5 deaths. An estimated had toilets. What was worse, out 212,000 children under the of this 12 per cent, only 2 percent age of five die each year in were regularly used. the country due to diarrhoeal diseases and 88 per cent I felt repugnant at the sight of of diarrhoeal cases can be men lining up my pathways at directly attributed to unsafe the crack of dawn to defecate drinking water, inadequate in the open. The women were sanitation and poor hygiene forced to wake up early, form a conditions. There are group and wait to get together 595 million people open to walk distances to relieve defecating in India, of which themselves. The children would 547 million live in rural areas follow their elders and do the (JMP, 2014); and 75% of ST and same. 63% of SC have no access to household sanitation (Census Gradually, my daughters started of India, 2011). falling ill. Overworked, unable to relieve themselves when required, they started falling sick. Unhappy and unhealthy women can never raise a happy and a healthy family. They would travel to a bus stop or a hospital, seek the comforts of having a toilet there. They would return from hospitals and ask their husbands to construct a toilet for them, but their voices were never heard and their opinions never mattered. My sons would spend money on buying tobacco and alcohol but would not understand the significance of a toilet. My children would also defecate in the open, not wash hands before eating and would just fall and remain ill.

Everyone was falling prey to their unhygienic practices and defecating in the open. They were never taught or explained the

3 Sanitation Status of Rajasthan

Rajasthan has a rural The southern part of sanitation coverage of 19.6% as Rajasthan is mostly comprised compared to national coverage of hard to reach remote areas of 30.7%. Following which, as and mountainous terrain. per the Baseline Survey (BLS) This area mainly includes carried out by Government the tribal districts of Udaipur, of Rajasthan in November Dungarpur and Banswara; 2012, State’s rural sanitation the Water, Sanitation and coverage is pegged at 27.3% Hygiene (WASH) situation is as against national coverage quite challenging in these of 40.4%. This translates to 8.4 tribal areas of Rajasthan and million households not having the districts have a higher access to sanitation facility. rate of rural open defecation The State shows marked (more than 90%) compared disparities amongst districts to the state average of - the tribal districts located in approximately 80%. the south-east of the State generally show development indicators lower than the State average and also lower HDI rank, a trend which continued to grow over the last decade.

importance of hygiene, toilets and using toilets. How that arrested the incidence of various diseases was never know to my people. No one ever talked about sanitation. No one ever cared. I was one of the poorest districts of Rajasthan.

Industries would not set shop in my district. With over 74 per cent tribal population (Census 2011), I was neglected and ignored. No one put faith in me and never imagined that progress was possible within my region as well. While the world visits many regions of Rajasthan, they would not had even heard about me.

4 Yes, I had shortcomings. Yet, – Swachh Bharat Mission (DPC- I had strengths as well. My SBM) set the stage and started terrain is hilly, but is a sight to getting their teams together to behold. My people belong to the implement the action plan. Along tribes and are driven and hard the way, they got into partnerships working. My people believe in with organisations such as change, change for the better. United Nations Children’s Fund That’s the reason, I began to (UNICEF), Financial Inclusion change, against all odds. Simply, Improves Sanitation and Health because I wanted to change! As (FINISH) Society, and Nehru this thought took birth, an idea Yuva Kendra to receive support also started germinating. This in community mobilization and time, it had to work! This time, behaviour change. As the journey change had to be brought in. And began, more people joined in finally it did. The idea of Ruparoo such as CBOs, Nodal Officers of Dungarpur started germinating Gram Panchayats (GPs), frontline and the message started making workers of departments and its way through the convoluted Field Coordinators of partner paths. agencies, District Resource Group (DRG) members, Zila Pramukh, In August/October 2014, the Members of Legislative Assembly district administration started (MLAs), Pradhans, Sarpanchs, making plans to achieve the Ward Panchs and over 25 Supply target of making Dungarpur vendors from across different ODF. The District Collector, blocks. Chief Executive Officer (CEO)- Zila Parishad, Sub-Divisional This long chain of passionate, Magistrates (SDMs), Block hardworking and driven people Development Officers (BDOs) worked day and night to change and District Project Coordinator mindsets that had never been

5 The Spiritual Disconnect

Bhanwar Lal Rot is a Sarpanch of Venja village. He is a very spiritual person who understands that cleanliness is next to Godliness. He had been proactively educating my other sons on aspects like education and health but never realised the importance of toilets in the house. changed before, convince people, of constructing and using a who had never seen a toilet toilet. Additionally, the ASHA before, to construct and use and Anganwadi self-help groups toilets and to motivate everyone helped them a lot. to join the bandwagon of hygienic and healthy practices. One of the most interesting facets of the community mobilization Change started becoming visible. was the morning follow up I, Dungarpur, was the happiest to sessions. I witnessed this see the change in my daughters’ phenomenon for the first time. lives. A self-help group woman “Last year we were trained in the shared her excitement, “We are so morning follow up sessions that relieved! Our health has improved involved our participation as part and we are more rested! Whenever of the Community Approaches we used toilets in hospitals or bus to Total Sanitation ’’ said Rani stations, we hoped for one at our Damor. houses, as we loved the privacy it offered. We would request our The women understood the husbands but they would ignore significance of using a toilet us and give the excuse of financial and that open defecation led constraints. They would spend to diseases. They took on the on liquor but could not spend responsibility of spreading the on toilet construction, simply message and convincing people because it was not a priority’’. to make their village ODF. They would get up at 4 in the morning, Through the Community finish their household chores Approaches to Total Sanitation which involved tending to their (CATS) carried out and the cattle and farm, cooking for the community mobilization family and filling water. “We could drives, gradually, men started compromise on our sleep and understanding the significance put in a few extra hours but we

6 wanted the people to understand come forward and contribute to how important hygiene is, to the construction of toilets. In fact, reduce diseases and ill health. they have gone out of their way to Most of our money would be get toilets constructed and used. spent on health and there were hardly any savings. We had to Not only this, men constructed work towards achieving total roads leading to their houses sanitation,’’ said Kamla Damor, an all by themselves, spending ASHA worker. money in the range of Rs. 6000 to Rs. 7000. “We had “We made toilets in to make toilets in our our households and house and the terrain started using them. of our area would Our lives improved. make it very difficult Women got privacy for the raw material and diseases like to be transported diarrhea and vomiting to our doorsteps reduced considerably. for construction. I, Most importantly, we therefore, got a JCB and could get more sleep, constructed the road as we didn’t have to leading to my house,’’ worry to leave early morning said a visibly confident Nirmal and our health improved as we Kumar Damore. This confidence, would not be holding our bladder ecstasy and pride did not come for long hours like earlier,’’ said easy. A lot of people, ideas, and the beaming group of women of hard work went into reaching my district. I have also seen men this stage.

The Rise of Local Entrepreneurship

Rajendra Rot juggles between farming and artisanship. He heard about the toilet construction and was impressed with the idea. An enterprising young man, Rajendra also saw an opportunity to earn money from toilet construction. He persuaded the villagers to construct toilets and aided in building over 500 toilets in the village. “There are a few jobs in this world where one can carry out social welfare activities and earn money as well. I am trying to spread the message of safe sanitation beyond Dungarpur as well,’’ he shared.

7 My Pathway to Success

The 100 Days Approach With idea of 100 days Open Sanitation Hygiene Advocacy Defecation Free (ODF) campaign and Communication Strategy was born after successful (SHACS) in Bhichhiwara demonstrations by the ODF block in 2014 by the District communities (Baron ka Sher, Administration with the support Mundela) while piloting the of UNICEF and FINISH,.

Figure I: The Rupaaro Dungarpur Journey

It was realised that post triggering: • Communities generally pledge to eliminate open defecation at the earliest. • Collective drive cannot be maintained beyond 3-4 months, without tangible results.

8 Taking a cue from the concept • local context and capabilities of 1000 days continuum of care • evidences, learnings and (from a mother’s pregnancy to best practices of community a child attaining the age of 2 approaches years), Swachh Bharat Mission, • blending of successful team Dungarpur had set its own demand and supply models. goal of ‘Ruparoo Dungarpur’ wherein the target was to make Due to financial constraints, the a cluster of Gram Panchayats model could not be implemented (GPs) ODF in 100 days, in phases. with Punarjagran Yatra in May- Along the way, Dungarpur found June 2015 as it required Rs. 100 a lot of human resources in form crore in the next 6 months. During of the Nehru Yuva Kendra youth the lean period (lack of fund, to support five key flagship rainy season) of June – August schemes of the Government of 2015, the district successfully India, in 100 GPs, situated along channeled its positive energy in the national highway, as part consolidating and completing of the Punarjagran Yatra of the on-going activities and payment Ministry of Sports and Youth of outstanding advances. As per Affairs. Team Dungarpur, thus, agreed principle, the district did challenged themselves with not take up any new community Mission ODF in 100 GPs covering for triggering exercise. 100,000 household in 100 days. Keeping our passion intact, ODF Subsequently, a District task force drive was advocated again at was formed, which consisted of State level during the Collector’s Additional District Magistrate Conference in July 2015 (ADM), Chief Executive Officer successfully. We re-grouped and (CEO), Sub-Divisional Magistrate revived our force and re-initiated (SDM) and Tehsildars under 100 days ODF campaign in 33 GPs the leadership of the District of four blocks in September 2015 Collector (DC). UNICEF and from which finally immersed 44 FINISH provided the team with GPs in 4 months. key technical and operational support along the way. The discussions and brainstorming sessions lead to the formulation of the Operational and Management Guidelines for Ruparoo Dungarpur, keeping in mind

9 Sanitation Foot in triggered communities. soldiers-on-the-Street – The Barefoot Champions It was envisaged that the above mentioned 5 motivators named In order to trigger communities as “Triggering incharge” would and sustain the passion of ignited move with each ‘Punarjagarn minds towards ODF in 100 Gram Yatra Rath’, on Yatra Diwas, in Panchayat (GPs), the district team order to trigger each community decided to create its own force of a GP against open defecation. of motivators and practitioners. Proceeding this, one trained To support the District youth volunteer named as District Administration for ODF mission, Resource Group (DRG) member UNICEF supported FINISH team was stationed locally to support to identify 15 practitioners who two neighbouring GPs to carry had successfully led Community out post-triggering interventions. Approaches to Group of Youth They were Volunteers, Total Sanitation Mason, Wardpanch expected to (CATS) processes further identify

under the Sarpanch, DRG, and select natural Sanitation Sachiv, Supply Venders leaders and early and Hygiene movers into BDO, BLOs as Nodai Officer for each GP The Leader - Sarpanch – 43

District Collector District Nodal Officers – 44 District Task Force-5 Collector Ward Panch – 300 DRG – 38 CEO-Zila Masons – 400 Parishad Natural Leaders – 36 DPC-SBM Youth Volunteers - 600

Advocacy and Communication ‘Nigrani Samiti in each triggered Strategy (SHACS) pilot in community and facilitate follow- Bichhiwara block. The team up actions, construction and also asked NYK to select 50 use of toilet until his/her GP dynamic youth volunteers from became ODF within 100 days its large pool of young members. or as otherwise pledged by the Thus the first batch of 5-day community itself. CATS training was conducted by locally present resource The District Administration persons including 15 motivators, valued the consistent engagement dedicated for triggering and 50 of DRGs at GP levels for ensuring young NYK volunteers, dedicated 4S – viz. Skill, Scale, Speed and for facilitating follow-up actions Sustainability, and decided to

10 deploy DRG in each GP for 60 days. In order to fill the gap of 50 such persons, the district recognized the impressive work of the youth force who conducted Social Audits of MGNREGA works in the district in April - May 2015. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) gave them the opportunity to serve again as DRG. 5-day Community Approaches to Total Sanitation (CATS) training of 60 such auditors were again conducted locally. The District Collector also ensured the mobilisation and training 10 District Level Officer (DLOs)/ Sub Divisional Level Officer (SDLOs) for coordinating the CATS processes of 10 GPs each on his behalf. By 15 May 2015, the district has created a strong local force of 100 DRGs, 20 Triggering in-charge and 10 Nodal Officers who were ready to raze a war against open defecation in 100 GPs.

After the success of the first phase, the district has created a fleet of local champions and become self-reliant. They are now ready to train, trigger and track 100 GPs of the second phase and can also create thousands such champions for the second and third phases. They aim to collectively realize the goal of Ruparoo Dungarpur by March 2017 without external dependency. These local champions can do wonders for ODF+ interventions as well.

11 Self-reliant on CATS Training and focusing on-going training sessions

As against the prevailing mode of hiring an external CATS expert agency at a high cost, for imparting a 5-day CATS training session to motivators and Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and 1-day CATS orientation to District Level Officers (DLOs)/ Block Level Officers (BLOs), the district team capitalised the potential of State Resource Group (SRG), its practitioners and leaders – District Magistrate (DM), Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM), District Project Coordinator (DPC), District Resource Group (DRG) and partner organization such as UNICEF and FINISH. Existing District and Block level review forums were also capitalized for conducting a series of need-based trainings of different stakeholders. The District Collector chaired the following capacity building and review sessions: • Joint orientation of Sarpanch, Sachiv, DRG and Vendors • Vendors meet • NGO meet • Fortnightly progress review of ODF campaign with Nodal Officer.

12 Validation of Baseline Survey Using existing social platform (BLS-2012) (namely WhatsApp) two groups were formed which included Trained District Resource Groups the District Level Officers (DRGs) and Panchayati Raj (DLOs), Sub Divisional Level Institutions (PRIs) were engaged Officers (SDLOs), Panchayati in validation of households Raj Institutions (PRIs), partners, covered under the Baseline frontline workers and DRGs with Survey (BLS). They finalized the the objectives to provide them list of each Gram Panchayat (GP) with a common platform to share by deleting names of those who views, ideas, thoughts, actions, were no longer available and challenges, etc. and to review adding names of households progress and identify problems formed after 2012 or those who in real-time. The Collector, CEO qualified the eligibility criteria. and DPC-SBM administered both When required, the Block the groups with utmost sincerity Development Officer (BDO) and regularity and continue issued sanctions of the revised to do so. They appreciated list within 2 days to maintain successes, motivated champions momentum. and highlighted concerns with a lot of vigour. This democratic Responsive System decentralization created terrific impact on the barefoot champions by interacting with The District Collector, Chief the Collector and the CEO directly Executive Officer (CEO) and through group posts, telephone District Project Coordinator and in person, along with their (DPC) together, took all possible regular community interactions. and innovative measures to make the systems of governance responsive to the collective Open Defecation Elimination demands of communities. Plan (ODEP) They kept themselves on an evolutionary track to implement Aimed at bringing all the integrated demand and stakeholders on board and to supply package in each GP. facilitate structured actions at The district administration village levels, the district team utilized its channels to collect prepared an ODEP of each Gram information and evidence for Panchayat (GP) that covered quick actions. Information was existing physical and financial collected from various sources. status, progress indicators, weekly milestones for 100 days

13 and ward-wise details of PRIs, across the ODF life cycle were natural leaders, Nigrani Samitis, defined to help them structure masons and youth volunteers for their work process and stay neighbourhood. focused.

Simplified Standard Operating Team Ruparoo Dungarpur Procedures (SSOPs) A horizontal institutional set-up SSOPs were designed with the was established by the District support of UNICEF and FINISH Collector and the Chief Executive for facilitating community based Officer (CEO) by bringing in the demand-supply interventions Magistrate to Motivator under during pre and post triggering, one umbrella of Team Ruparoo follow-up and sustainability Dungarpur. The Collector and phases in a time-bound Nodal Officers donned the manner. Specific roles and hat of a Captain at the district responsibilities of stakeholders and GP levels, while UNICEF with corresponding timelines and FINISH functioned as and documentary requirements managers. District level officers

ODF GP WITH SELF RELIANT MECHANISM OF SUSTAINED USAGE Mason Motivators Nodal Officer DRG (Youth) • 50 per GP (5 • Nos-1 • NOS-1 per ward, 10 • Regularly • Trigger the per GP) monitor and community • Followup with participate • Lead follow- individual in triggering, up initiatives households (20 followup activ- • Monitor per youth) ities demand • Ensure pit • Prepare mon- • Handhold digging and itoring report the youth lining on weekly groups and • Ensure basis surveillance availability • Motivate PRI’s committee of masons, if and DRG required • Ensure linkag- es with vendor, if required

The Ruparoo Dungarpur Team

14 comprising the Additional District Magistrate (ADM), Chief Executive Officer (CEO), District Education Officer (DEO), Deputy Director – Integrated Child Development Services (DD- ICDS), Superintending Engineer – Public Health Department (SE- PHED) and heads of other line departments and sub-district level officers that included Sub- Divisional Magistrates (SDMs), Tehsildars, Block Development Officer (BDOs), Block Elementary Education Officer (BEEO), Child Development Project Officer (CDPOs), etc. played the dual role of Nodal Officers and also leveraged support of their concerned department for the procedural expertise and ODF campaign. They kept track contacts of nodal officers further of the following actions: smoothened the process of implementation. Their regular • Fulfillingskill requirement of village visits, availability on communities to keep the fire demand and newly acquired burning until ODF achieved. community connect brought • Identifying on-site problems transparency and quality in the and bottlenecks and seeking overall process. solutions. • Maintaining the required Celebrating Open Defecation pace & scale by striking Free (ODF) balance between demand, supply & mason The District Administration • Reviewing the processes focused on outcomes and and outcome based on 5 key promoted Gram Panchayats indicators (GPs) and Nigrani Samitis • Timely on-line entry of the to organise massive Garv or outcomes and payment of Gaurav Yatras (Walk of pride) incentives. to celebrate their success. This was celebrated according to Administrative, financial and the local folk culture. It became

15 Collector for the first time ever. This enhanced the trust and goodwill of the government and the systems of governance.

Benchmarking of twin-leach- pit toilet

For a revolution to start, a feeling of selflessness and a drive for change, are imperative amongst the community and participants. But its sustenance is also as important and every individual’s reason to participate in the revolution should also sustain itself. In carrying forward the Ruparoo Dungarpur a community led grand social initiative, the right reasons event in every GP, a first for any made for the right direction GP. The District Administration, and the right movement. Zila Parishad and MemberS Therefore, despite being an of Legislative Assembly issue of personal aspiration, a (MLAs) joined every Garv Yatra minimum quality standards for organised by PRIs, community toilets were fixed. This helped in leaders, Nigrani Samitis, women parallel construction approach and children for celebrating the interventions being carried out at elimination of open defecation GP levels and in mainstreaming and for setting a new social norm the issue of materials, quality, of ODF in the community. In standards etc. order to bring momentum to the concept, the District Collector, Mason Network with his team of champions participated in ‘Garv Yatra’ and Ruparoo Dungarpur focused ODF celebration of a village. on availability, capacity and The presence of the District sustained engagement of Collector in the community masons from the beginning meant a lot to them. Many of itself. Masons’ skill sets and the community members had their perspectives were given seen and interacted with the foremost importance. Instead

16 of GP based mobilization, ward- masons was utilised in not wise interventions as part of only advocating construction micro-planning took place. It techniques of toilet but also was important for the demand of the significance, benefits and the toilet to match the demand maintenance of the same. A of the local masons. In order to mason typically spends 3 to achieve the deadline set for the 4 days in a household while community, a minimum of 6 to 7 constructing the toilet and this masons were required locally in translates into a time window each ward to cater to the needs. of 24- 30 hours. Masons were Dungarpur being a tribal area has motivated to act as motivator as abundant unskilled artisans who well, on issues such as were trained on field training modules by 100 odd master • The importance to have a masons. Wages were ascertained toilet near one’s house for masons and labourers, which • The different toilet in turn spurted in employment technologies and why two opportunities locally, thus pits are important solving the age old problem of • Why leach pits are the best migration. Over 1,00,000 days of option and why pits will not skilled worker were thus created. be filled in the next 6 years Over 1500 masons were engaged • The significance of junction to complete the uphill task of chamber and its operational making 44 GPs ODF. modalities. This innovation led to acceptance Mason as Motivator and usage by a majority of people and proved to be a boon in the For large scale schemes such construction and usage of toilets as the Swachh Bharat Mission, in the community. it is always a challenge to realise individual aspirations Community Processes: collectively at all levels - beneficiary, masons, motivators, Seven day Morning follow-up etc. Community mobilisation campaign: and technology transfer tools In order to boost community at formal gathering often processes towards ODF and to proves insufficient and requires ensure zero tolerance for open further individual/family level defecation, the district launched counselling. In order to ensure an innovative 7-day morning the same, a team of engaged follow-up campaign, wherein

17 all the DRGs, Nodal Officers and dig and line their twin pits in the Collector himself visited order to get incentives in kind defecation sites of focus GPs at – hardware material. Merely 5 in the morning and used all their verbal assurance to build naming, faming and shaming a toilet was not considered. techniques. It has a tremendous Lined pits are considered as a impact on the psyche of the people symbol of demand generated and acted as a final blow. People or a triggered household. realized the selfless passion of These households received all team Ruparoo Dungarpur and possible support from the GP appreciated it. This was a result and the local team. For example, of the phenomenal success of delivery of the material supply this campaign and augmented at their door step, provision of the confidence and passion of masons, technical knowhow, the team members. Through etc. As a result of this approach this activity, the people also the location of toilets in the started believing in the power of household premises/courtyard community approach. needed special attention. Despite the age old beliefs and Ownership: myth surrounding defecating This is a critical ingredient in the open, people constructed for quality and sustainability toilets besides their houses or of the construction, usage in the angan (courtyard) so that and operation & maintenance they all could access it easily at of household toilets. After all times, especially during the triggering sessions, the night and rainy seasons. community was expected to

My Happy Toilets Have

• Two pits and a junction box • Tiles on all the walls • A water storage tank • Houses attached to them • Bathrooms alongside in many cases

18 The Mountain Man of Dungarpur

Following the footsteps of Dashrath Manji, a poor labourer, who carved a mountain to make a path from his village to the city in Bihar, an ex-serviceman from a remote tribal village in Dungarpur has made an approach road to facilitate the Swachh Bharat Mission implementation in his Gram Panchayat.

Retired army personal Laxman Katara has earned the recognition as the ‘Mountain Man’ of Wagad (the local name for the Banswara - Dungarpur belt) after he carved out an approach road leading to a hillock in Bhuwali village of Palwada gram panchyat in the district. Katara did this to facilitate transportation of construction material to build toilets in his village under the Swachh Bharat Mission.

The District Administration has embarked on a campaign of making 37 gram panchayats open defecation free and Palwada features on the list. The District Collector Indrajeet Singh during one of his monitoring visit came to know about Laxmanlal Katara who is presently the Up-Sarpanch (village headman) of the village. Lauding his efforts, the District Collector named him “Mountain Man”.

Nodal officer Vikram Singh Ahara during his visit observed, “Few houses in the villages which are situated on a hillock didn’t have an approach road which had been an obstacle in transportation of construction material. Instead of looking out for government supported, Katara motivated people to collect money to carve out a road for themselves”.

Today all the households in the village have a toilet. Katara and his team go around the area every morning to sensitize people on the hazards of open defecation.

19 Dungarpur Today

Today, I, Dungarpur can boast 44 Open Defecation Free (ODF) Gram Panchayats (GPs) created over a period of 4 months. This feat is a stepping stone towards my dreams of becoming an ODF Dungarpur by 2017. The total household toilet coverage in the district was 4.52% (as on 31/08/2015) and the current total coverage is 22.70% HH with toilet in total. The coverage was 4.34 % at the initiation of this initiative and now 44 GPs (out of 291) have achieved ODF status with 100% coverage. A total of more than 20,000 new toilets have been constructed by the community. A total of 20 new vendors/suppliers with a collective capacity of around 5000 toilets material has come up. A transparent and robust monitoring mechanism, which is capable of handling 10,000 toilets per month via a methodology of cross verification, micro-level data capturing formats, synergies with the Education and ICDS Departments are in place. A district-level database of more than 1500 masons has also been established as part of this initiative.

Table I: List of Open Defecation Free Gram Panchayats, Dungarpur

Total HHs in HH have SN Block Gram Panchayat GP toilet facility 1 BICHIWARA MAHIPALPURA 859 859 2 BAROTHI 854 854 3 SANCHIYA 985 985 4 BILPAN 688 688 5 BHEHNA 741 741 6 JELANA 913 913 7 JHINJHAVA 818 818 8 AMAJARA 1116 1116 9 BICHHIWARA 1675 1675 10 JALUKUA 799 799 11 SHISHOD 1489 1489 Block Total 10937 10937

20 Total HHs in HH have SN Block Gram Panchayat GP toilet facility 12 DOVRA PUNALI 2590 2590 13 HATHAI 1196 1196 14 HIRATA 1097 1097 15 RAGELA 1115 1115 16 ASELA 1505 1505 17 ANTRI 1136 1136 18 DOZA 956 956 19 FALONJ 1438 1438 20 RAGHUNATHPURA 918 918 21 KAHARI 1106 1106 Total 13057 13057 22 DUNGARPUR THANA 853 853 23 CHAKMAHUDI 794 794 24 KANKARADARA 701 701 25 KHEDA KACHHA- 872 872 WARA 26 DEVAL KHAS 1229 1229 27 VAGADARI 969 969 28 PALVADA 1126 1126 29 SURPUR 978 978 30 BORI 978 978 31 METALI 708 708 Total 9208 9208

21 Total HHs in HH have SN Block Gram Panchayat GP toilet facility 32 JHONTHARI VENJA 813 813 33 KARAWARA 999 999 34 RENTA 1017 1017 35 GORADA 804 804 36 GENJI 976 976 37 MAHUDI 764 764 38 VIKASNAGAR 836 836 Total 6209 6209 39 Galiyakot Ghanta Ka Gav 777 777 40 Aspur Aspur 860 860 41 Sabla Pindawal 1099 1099 42 Chikhali Badgama 781 781 43 Barbodniya 1029 1029 44 DHAMBOLA 1027 1027 Grand Total 44984 44984

Dungarpur Tomorrow

A total of 77 Gram Panchayats (GPs) will be taken up in the second phase under this initiative, starting April 2016. This will include the remaining GPs of the three blocks of Dovra, Bicchiwara and Dungarpur and 5 GPs each from the other four blocks. A sustained monitoring mechanism coupled with SLWM implementation in all the GPs together with continued engagement of the Surveillance Committee will also form a part of this phase. Further engagements for DRG’s, nodal officers, etc. will be ensured in this phase as well.

22 Processes in Place for the Second Phase of Rupaaro Dungarpur

1. Situational analysis, local planning and setting milestones: GP reviews their sanitation profile and prepares an Open Defecation Elimination Plan. They list out details of motivators, masons, triggering dates and monitors. GP sets their fortnightly milestones of each community/ village for tracking collective demand and community supply requirements on four indicators i.e. dug pits, lined pits, materials supplied and toilet constructed.

2. Stakeholders’ participation and partnerships: Systems in place for identifying, training and engaging CATS-RPs, 50 youth volunteers for motivation, 50 masons and 1-2 reliable supply agencies for ensuring construction per GP. District is fostering strategic partnerships with effective CBOs/NGOs that have network of village level institutions like SHGs, VDCs, JFM Committees, etc. for supporting CATS in their area of operations.

3. Community triggering and consistent follow-up actions linked with local supply solutions: CATS-RP triggers GPs as per ODEP followed by formation of surveillance committees and its linkage with youth volunteers and leaders. School triggering is also being done for engaging children as agents of change. Regular morning-evening follow up conducted by the children, women and men surveillance committees. Each group of volunteer and mason is supposed to make 20-25 households

23 ODF within 100 days or to the minimum 2 toilets/ODF HHs per week. Households are expected to construct and use their toilets. If any HH wish to take support of GP/vendors for material supply, their demand is being considered only when they dug & lined twin pits. Expert agency/CBOs/vendors/PRIs reiterate toilet technologies and design options at local level.

4. Monitoring and quality control: Other than PRIs and surveillance committees, district/block level officers have also been placed as nodal officers in every 3-4 GPs for mentoring/ monitoring community mobilization efforts, tracking progress, on-site problem seeking and solving, quality assurance of supplies & construction (toilet technology transfer) and also sample verification of toilets use. Daily updates from GPson social media platform such as WhatsApp and weekly reviews of process and progress at GP and block. Fortnightly district level reviews by the District Magistrate (DM)/ Chief Executive Officer (CEO) through video conferencing.

5. Monthly meetings of the District Sanitation Mission, real-time data entry by the GP using android based mobile application. The District and block follow a Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for faster fund flow to the intended beneficiaries in 15 days.

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