Environment Impact Assessment and Environment Management Plan

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

FOR EXPANSION OF THE SUGAR, CO-GENERATION, DISTILLERY AND CAPTIVE POWER PLANT

[Project or Activity of Schedule 5(g), 5(j) and 1(d) under Category ‘A’]

By M/s Jamkhandi Sugars Limited Hirepadasalagi Village, Jamkhandi Taluk, Bagalkot District, Karnataka State.

Consultant

SAMRAKSHAN F-4, I Floor, Swastik Manandi Arcade, S C Road, Sheshadripuram, Bangalore - 560020. www.samrakshan.co.in NABET SL NO. NABET/EIA/1992/IA0051

Submitted to Karnataka State Pollution Control Board “Parisara Bhavan”, #49, Church Street, Bangalore - 560001

Study Period: December 2019, January 2020 & February 2020

December 2020

JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED

INDEX Sl No. Components Page No CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 01 - 24 1.0 Preamble 02 1.1 Purpose of the Report 05 1.2 Identification of the Project & Project Proponent 05 1.2.1 Identification of the Project 05 1.2.2 Identification of Project Proponent 06 1.3 Brief Description of Nature, Size, Location of the Project & its 06 importance to the Country, Region 1.3.1 Nature & size of the Project 06 1.3.2 Location of the Project 07 1.3.3 Project Importance to the Country and Region 08 1.4 Scope of Study – Details of Regulatory Scoping carried out (as 10 per Terms of Reference) 1.4.1 Scope of the Study 10 1.4.2 Methodology of the study 10 1.4.3 Compliance to Terms of Reference (TOR) 11 1.4.4 Generic structure of EIA document 23 CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 25 - 77 2.0 Description of those aspects of the project (Based on project 26 feasibility study), likely to cause environmental effects. 2.1 Type of project 26 2.2 Need for the Project 26 2.2.1 Need for sugar factory expansion 26 2.2.2 Need for co-generation plant and captive power plant 27 Expansion 2.2.3 Need for Distillery Expansion 27 2.2.4 Demand- supply gap 27 2.2.5 Requirement of Sugarcane vis-a-vis by products for co- 28 generation and distillery 2.3 Location of the Project 28 2.3.1 Location of the Project Site with respect to state and district, 29 on Google Map (1 km, 5 km & 10 km radius from project site) 2.3.2 Existing Industry Photographs 36 2.4 Size or Magnitude of Operation 37 2.4.1 Magnitude of Operation 37 2.4.2 Land Details 37 2.4.3 Capital Investment 37 2.4.4 Man Power Requirement 38

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2.4.5 Power requirement 38 2.5 Proposed Schedule for Approval & Implementation 39 2.6 Technology and Process description 40 2.6.1 Raw Material required for Sugar and Distillery Plant for Existing 40 and proposed expansion 2.6.2 Storage facility for raw materials and products 42 2.7 Manufacturing Process Description 43 2.7.1(a) Process Description - Sugar 43 2.7.1(b) Process Description - Distillery Unit 48 2.8 Project Description including Drawings showing Project Layout, 53 components of Project giving information Important for EIA purpose 2.8.1 Project Description 53 2.8.2 Topography 53 2.9 Mitigation measures incorporated into the project to meet 54 Environmental Standards, Environmental Operating Conditions or other EIA requirements (as required by the scope) 2.9.1 Water Environment and Management 54 2.9.1.1 Water Demand and Wastewater/Effluent Discharge 54 2.9.1.2 Water requirement for sugar plant 54 2.9.1.3 Water requirement and waste water generation for sugar and 55 co-generation plant 2.9.1.4 Process effluent characteristics 64 2.9.1.4.1(A) Sugar plant characteristics 64 2.9.1.4.1(B) Distillery effluent characteristics 65 2.9.1.5 Description of wastewater treatment scheme & effluent 66 treatment process 2.9.1.5.1 Sugar unit effluent treatment plant process 66 2.9.1.5.2 Distillery ETP flow sheet and CPU 69 2.9.1.5.3 Photographs of the ETP 71 2.9.1.5.4 Online monitoring of effluents 72 2.9.1.5.5 Treated effluent online monitoring photos 74 2.9.2 Air Environment and Management 75 2.9.2.1 Air pollution Sources – Existing sugar plant and distillery unit 75 2.9.2.2 Air Pollution Sources – Proposed Expansion 75 2.9.2.3 Air Pollution Control Measures- Existing and Proposed 75 2.9.3 Noise Environment and Management 76 2.9.4 Hazardous & Non-Hazardous Waste Generation & Management 76 2.9.4.1 Non- Hazardous Solid Waste Generation and Management 76 CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 78 –128 3.0 Introduction 79

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3.1 Study area, period, components & methodology 79 3.1.1 Study area 79 3.1.2 Study period 79 3.1.3 Environmental components 80 3.1.3.1 Meteorological data 80 3.1.3.1.1 Climatic data from secondary sources 80 3.1.3.2 Air environment 80 3.1.3.3 Noise environment 81 3.1.3.4 Water environment 81 3.1.3.5 Land environment 81 3.1.3.6 Economic environment 81 3.1.3.7 Ecology and Bio-diversity 81 3.1.3.8 Soil environment 82 3.1.4 Methodology 82 3.2 Establishment of Baseline for Relevant Environmental 82 Components 3.2.1 Meteorological data 82 3.2.2 Baseline Monitoring 84 3.2.2.1 Locations for proposed data collection 84 3.2.2.2 Parameters identified and sampling frequency for different 85 Environmental Components 3.3 Air Environment 86 3.3.1 Wind rose diagram 88 3.3.2 Ambient Air Quality at the Project Site and Other Locations 89 3.3.3 Air Quality Inference 9 6 3.4 Noise Environment 96 3.4.1 Noise Observations 98 3.5 Traffic Study 98 3.5.1 Transportation Due to the Proposed Expansion Project 98 3.6 Water Environment 99 3.6.1 Reconnaissance Survey 99 3.6.2 Surface water 99 3.6.2.1 Observation of surface water quality 101 3.6.3 Ground water 102 3.6.3.1 Observation of ground water quality 105 3.7 Land Environment 105 3.7.1 Soil Environment 113 3.7.2 Soil characteristics observations 115 3.8 Hydrology and Hydrogeology 116 3.8.1 Topography and Drainage 116 3.8.2 Geology and Hydrogeology 117 3.8.3 Occurrence and Movement of ground water 117

JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED

3.8.4 Surface Water /Ground Water Quality 118 3.8.5 Remedial Measures to be taken up by the industry 118 3.9 Ecology and Biodiversity 118 3.9.1 Assessment of flora 119 3.9.2 Assessment of fauna 123 3.10 Socio Economic Environment 125 3.11 Social Infrastructure 125 3.11.1 Demographic Structure 127 3.11.2 Literacy Levels 128 CHAPTER 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 129 - 171 Details of investigated environmental impacts due to project 130 location, possible accidents, project design, project 4.0 construction, regular operations, final decommissioning or rehabilitation of completed project 4.1 Environmental impacts due to project location, possible 130 accidents, project design 4.1.1 Introduction 130 4.1.2 Identification & Characterization of Impacts 130 4.1.3 Criteria for determining significance of impact 131 4.1.4 Impact due to Project Location 133 4.2 Characteristics of Environmental Impacts during the 133 construction Phase and operation Phase 4.2.1 Construction Phase 133 4.2.1.1 Environmental attributes, impact and mitigation measures 133 during Construction stage 4.2.1.1.1 Land Environment – Impacts and Mitigation measures 133 4.2.1.1.2 Water Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 134 4.2.1.1.3 Air Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 135 4.2.1.1.4 Noise environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 136 4.2.1.1.5 Biological Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 136 4.2.1.1.6 Socio Economic Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 136 4.2.2 Operation Phase 140 4.2.2.1 Environmental attributes, impact and mitigation measures 140 during Operation Phase 4.2.2.1.1 Land Environment – Impacts and Mitigation measures 140 4.2.2.1.2 Water Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 141 4.2.2.1.3 Air Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 143 4.2.2.1.3.1 Air pollution dispersion modeling studies 144 4.2.2.1.4 Noise environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 150 4.2.2.1.5 Biological Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 150 4.2.2.1.6 Socio Economic Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 150

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4.2.3 Employment Generation (Direct and Indirect) 165 CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE) 172 - 174 5.0 Technology – Alternatives 172 5.1 Site – Alternatives 174 CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 175 - 187 6.0 Technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation 176 measures (including measurement methodologies, frequency, location, data analysis, reporting schedules, emergency procedures, detailed budget & procurement schedules) 6.1 Purpose of Environmental Monitoring 176 6.2 Applicable Environmental Regulatory Framework 177 6.3 Measurement Methodology 177 6.3.1 Air Environment 178 6.3.1.1 Measurement methodology and frequency 178 6.3.2 Noise Environment 178 6.3.3 Water Environment 178 6.3.3.1 Measurement methodology and frequency 178 6.3.4 Measurement Location and Frequency 178 6.3.4.1 Other Environment related Monitoring 180 6.3.5 Monitoring and Management of Hazardous Wastes 182 6.3.6 On-line Monitoring 182 6.4 Reporting & Documentation 183 6.5 Environmental Management Cell (EMC) 183 6.5.1 Activities and Responsibilities of EMC 184 6.6 Budget for monitoring and procurement schedule 184 6.7 Emergency Preparedness and response structure 186 6.7.1 Structure of Onsite Emergency Preparedness and Response 186 6.7.2 Emergency organization structure 186 6.7.3 Emergency coordinates 187 CHAPTER 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 188 - 212 7.0 Public consultation 189 7.1 Risk assessment 189 7.1.1 Introduction 189 7.1.2 Methodology 189 7.2 Scenarios considered for hazard identification 191 7.3 Risk Rating Matrix 191 7.3.1 Classification of risks 192 7.4 Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) analysis 193 7.5 Severity Mapping 194

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7.5.1 Existing & Proposed storage tanks 195 7.5.1.1 Existing storage facility 195 7.5.2 Aloha Simulation Analysis 196 7.5.2.1 Severity Mapping- Ethanol 196 7.5.2.1a Site Data 196 7.5.2.1b Chemical Data 196 7.5.2.1.1 Scenario-1: Tank containing unpressurized flammable liquid - 197 Leaking tank, chemical is not burning and forms an evaporating puddle 7.5.2.1.1a Threat Modelled: Toxic area of vapour cloud 197 7.5.2.1.1b Threat Modelled: Flammable Area of Vapour Cloud 198 7.5.2.1.2 Scenario- 2: Tank containing an unpressurized flammable 198 liquid Leaking tank, chemical is burning and forms a pool fire 7.5.2.1.2a Threat Modelled: Thermal radiation from pool fire 198 7.5.2.2 Summary of MCA analysis 199 7.5.3 Inference 199 7.6 Risk Mitigation Measures 199 7.6.1 Safety Measures for Transportation, Storage & Handling of 199 chemicals 7.6.2 Safety Measures for Process Units 200 7.6.3 Safety measures to prevent spillage / leakage of toxic 200 chemicals 7.6.4 Mitigation measures for chemical storage, handling and 200 transportation 7.6.5 General safety measures/precautions 200 7.6.6 Specific Recommendations based on Hazard and severity 201 mapping for Hazardous raw materials 7.6.6.1 Mechanical and equipment integrity 201 7.6.6.2 Management Approach 201 7.7 Disaster Management Plan (DMP) 202 7.7.1 Definitions 202 7.7.2 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan 203 7.7.3 Types of Emergencies 203 7.7.4 Emergency Organogram 203 7.7.5 Authorities and responsibilities of members of Emergency 205 Management Team 7.7.5.1 Site Controller 205 7.7.5.2 Incident Controller 205 7.7.5.3 Emergency Coordinator (Services & Communication) 205 7.7.5.4 Emergency Coordinator (First Aid and Medical Management) 206 7.7.5.5 Emergency Coordinator (Security and Supply) 206 7.7.5.6 Emergency Coordinator (Utility & Maintenance) 206

JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED

7.7.5.7 Safety Squad 206 7.7.5.8 Accounting of Personnel 207 7.7.6 Other requirements of Emergency Management Plan 207 7.7.6.1 Access to Records 207 7.7.6.2 Public Relations 207 7.7.6.3 Rehabilitation 207 7.7.6.4 Shut-down Procedures 207 7.7.6.5 Rehearsing Emergency Procedures (Mock drills) 208 7.7.6.6 Technical Protective Measures 208 7.7.6.7 Prevention of Human and Organizational Errors 208 7.7.6.8 Mitigation of Consequences 208 7.7.6.9 Appraisal and Updating 209 7.7.7 Off-Site Emergency Plan 209 7.7.7.1 General 209 7.7.7.2 Role of the factory management 210 7.7.7.3 Role of local authority 210 7.7.7.4 Role of fire authority 210 7.7.7.5 Role of police 210 7.7.7.6 Role of health authorities 210 7.7.7.7 Role of the “Mutual Aid” agencies 210 7.7.7.8 Role of the factory inspectorate 210 7.7.7.9 Occupational Health and Safety 211 7.7.7.10 Occupational Health and Safety Precautions 211 7.7.7.11 Frequency & Parameters of Health Check-Up 211 7.8 Social impact assessment, R&R action plans 212 7.8.1 Social impact assessment 212 7.8.2 R & R action plans 212 CHAPTER 8 PROJECT BENEFITS 213 – 214 8.0 General 214 8.1 Improvements in the physical infrastructure 214 8.2 Employment potential- skilled; semi-skilled and unskilled 214 8.3 Other tangible benefits 214 CHAPTER 9 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS 215 – 216 9.0 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis 216 9.1 Break-up of cost allocated for fulfilling CERs 216 CHAPTER 10 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 217 - 235 10.0 Introduction 218 10.1 Objectives of environmental management plan 219 10.2 Environmental management cell (EMC) 219

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10.3 EMP for construction stage 221 10.3.1 Environmental management cells responsibilities 221 10.3.2 Environmental monitoring during construction 221 10.4 EMP for Operation Phase 222 10.4.1 Air Environment 222 10.4.2 Water Environment 223 10.4.3 Solid Waste Management 223 10.4.4 Land Management 224 10.4.5 Noise Management 224 10.4.6 Socio-Economic Environment 224 10.4.7 Green Environment 226 10.5 Rain Water Harvesting System 231 10.6 Environmental Monitoring Schedule 232 10.7 EMP Implementation Schedule 233 10.7.1 Budget for EMP 233 10.8 Environmental Policy 234 CHAPTER 11 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 236 - 239 11.0 Summary and conclusion 237 CHAPTER 12 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED 240 - 242 12.0 Names of the Consultants Engaged with their Brief Resume & 241 Nature of consultancy rendered 12.1 Declaration for Involvement in EIA Study 241

LIST OF TABLES Table Name of the Table Page No no 1.0 List of approvals obtained by JSL from different authorities 04 1.1 Capacities of the industry existing, proposed expansion and after 05 expansion 1.2 Salient features of the existing plant and the proposed expansion 07 1.3 Compliance to Terms of Reference (ToR) 11

2.0 Land use details of the project site 37 2.1 Cost of the Project 38 2.2 Manpower details – existing and proposed 38 2.3 Power generation during season and off season and its requirement 39 2.4 Schedule for approval and implementation of proposed expansion 39 2.5(a) Raw materials for Sugar Plant 40 2.5(b) Bagasse generated at sugar plant and its requirement for co- 40 generation plant

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2.5(c) Molasses generation at sugar plant and its requirement for distillery 41 plant 2.5(d) Raw materials for distillery unit 41 2.6 Existing and proposed incinerator and its fuel requirement 41 2.7 Details of alcohol storage capacity 42 2.8 Composition of sugarcane 44 2.9 Availability of water in sugar cane 54 2.10 Quantity of water consumption and discharge for existing and 55 proposed expansion, KLD for sugar unit and co-gen plant 2.11 Water Consumption for Distillery unit, in KLD (existing and after 58 expansion) 2.12 Water use w.r.t/KL of alcohol produced 58 2.13 Waste water generation from Distillery unit 58 2.14 Wastewater generation w.r.t/KL of alcohol produced 58 2.15 Characteristics of the sugar plant effluent 64 2.16 Characteristics of Raw Spent Wash 65 2.17 Characteristics of effluents 66 2.18 Spent Wash and Spent lees Storage Tanks 66 2.19 Air Pollution Sources and control measures 75 2.20 Hazardous Waste Management 76 2.21 Solid wastes management 77

3.0 Ambient Air Quality analysis (IS: 5182 (Part 14)) 80 3.1 Meteorological data of Bagalkot District for the year 2018 83 3.2 Locations for Baseline monitoring 84 3.3 Location of ambient air quality monitoring sampling stations 86 3.4 Description of wind speed and direction of the study area 89 3.5 Ambient Air Quality data at all location - (December 2019 to February 89 2020) 3.6 Average, Maximum, minimum and 98th percentile values of AAQM 95 3.7 Location of noise monitoring sampling stations 96 3.8 Noise quality data analysis at all the locations - December 2019 97 3.9 Limits as per Environmental Protection Rules, 1986 97 3.10 Location of Surface Water monitoring sampling stations 99 3.11 Surface water quality results - December 2019 100 3.12 Surface Water Quality Standards (CPCB Criteria) 101 3.13 Location of ground water monitoring sampling stations 102 3.14 Ground Water Quality results - December 2019 104 3.15 Land use / land cover classes in the 10 km area around the project site 107 3.16 Location of soil monitoring sampling stations 113 3.17 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil - December 2019 114 3.18 Inference of soil quality 115

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3.19 Soil classification criteria from handbook of agriculture 116 3.20 List of flora recorded in the study area 119 3.21 List of fauna recorded in the study area 123

4.0 Matrix for Identification and rating of impacts (Template) 131 4.1 Criteria for rating Scale, Severity, Probability and Duration 131 4.2 Characteristics of Environmental Impacts matrix 132 4.3 Characteristics of Environmental impacts during construction phase 137 4.4 Treatment and utilization of water 142 4.5 Air pollution sources and mitigation measures 144 4.6 Data Considered for Calculation of GLC 144 4.7 Predicted Maximum (10 km radius) Incremental Concentrations from 145 existing and proposed point sources 4.8 Resultant Maximum 24 Hourly Concentrations 148

6.0 Environmental Attributes Frequency and Parameters 178 6.1 Test Procedure and the Budget 179 6.2 Other environmental related monitoring 180 6.3 Locations where online monitoring required 182 6.4 Budget for monitoring and procurement details 184 7.0 List of existing products and by product stored 190 7.1 Risk rating matrix 191 7.2 Risk classification 192 7.3 Criteria for risk rating for severity & probability 192 7.4 Aspects and risks 193 7.5 Health checkup parameters 212 9.0 Break-up of cost allocated for fulfilling CERs 216 10.0 List of existing tree in industry 227 10.1 Implementation schedule for EMP 233

LIST OF FIGURES Figure Name of the Figures Page no No 1.0 Project site boundary in google image 08 2.0 Location of the project site on Google map with co-ordinates 29 2.1 General Location of the Project Site on State Map, District Map and 30 on Google Map 2.2 Location of the project site on Google map – 1 km radius 31 2.3 Location of the project site on Google map – 5 km radius 32 2.4 Location of the project site on Google map – 10 km radius 33 2.5 Topo map of 10 km radius of the study area 34 2.6 Project site Layout showing the present operating plant and the 35

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proposed additional facilities 2.7 Existing Plant site photographs 36 2.8 Flow Chart for sugar process 46 2.9 Flow chart for co-generation 48 2.10 Flow chart for distillery process and mass balance 52 2.11 Sugar and Co-gen water balance 57 2.12 Existing - Material balance of C Heavy Molasses based distillery 59 2.13 Proposed expansion - Material balance of C Heavy Molasses based 60 distillery 2.14 Existing - Material balance of B Heavy Molasses based distillery 61 2.15 Proposed expansion - Material balance of B Heavy Molasses based 62 distillery 2.16 Existing - Material balance of sugarcane syrup-based distillery 63 2.17 Proposed expansion - Material balance of sugarcane syrup-based 64 distillery 2.18 Effluent Treatment Plant Flow Chart 67 2.19 Condensate Polishing unit flow Chart 70 2.20(a) Photographs of Sugar plant ETP and CPU in sugar plant 71 2.20(b) Photographs of the CPU in distillery 72 2.20(c) Photographs of spent wash storage tank 72 2.21 Online monitoring system of ETP 73 3.0 Location of ambient air quality monitoring sampling stations 87 3.1 Baseline ambient air quality monitoring photographs 87 3.2 Wind rose diagram of study area 88 3.3 Location of noise monitoring sampling stations 96 3.4 Baseline noise monitoring photos 97 3.5 Parking arrangement photos 98 3.6 Location of Surface Water sampling stations 99 3.7 Surface water sampling photographs 100 3.8 Location of Ground Water sampling stations 102 3.9 Ground water sampling photographs 103 3.10 Satellite image of project site in 10 km radius 109 3.11 Drainage pattern of project site in 10 km radius 110 3.12 Digital elevation model of project site in 10 km radius 111 3.13 Land use & Land cover map of project site in 10 km radius 112 3.14 Location of soil monitoring sampling stations 113 4.0 Air modelling dispersion 1sthighest value – SPM 146 st 4.1 Air modelling dispersion 1 highest value – Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 147 st 4.2 Air modelling dispersion 1 highest value – Oxides of Nitrogen (NO2) 148 6.0 Environmental Management Cell 184 7.0 Emergency operational flow chart 204 10.0 EMC organogram 220

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10.1 Quality Policy, Food Safety Policy Statement, Environmental Policy 235 and Personnel Hygiene and Behavior Policy

Annexure 1 – Public Hearing documents Annexure 2 – Certified Compliance Report (CCR) Annexure 3 – Terms of reference (ToR) Annexure 4 – Water permission letter Annexure 5 – EC, CFE & CFO copies Annexure 6 – Land documents Annexure 7 – Boiler certificates Annexure 8 – Health checkup report of employees Annexure 9 – Layout plan, Google Map and Topo Map Annexure 10 – Stack Height calculations

JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED

CHAPTER - 1

INTRODUCTION

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 1 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ______

1.0 Preamble

M/s. Jamkhandi Sugars Ltd., (JSL) is a registered company under Companies Act with registered office and factory at Survey No. 66, 72, 73, 74, 78, 79, 80 and 88, Hirepadasalagi Village, Jamkhandi Taluk, Bagalkot District in Karnataka.

Sugar plant with sugarcane crushing capacity 2500 TCD and Co-gen plant of capacity 12 MW was established in the year 2001. In the year 2009, for expansion of Sugar plant from 2,500 TCD to 5,000 TCD and Co-gen power plant capacity from 12 MW to 27 MW prior Environmental Clearance was obtained from SEIAA vide letter no. SEIAA 12 IND 2009 dated 29.12.2009.

Environmental Clearance was obtained from MoEF & CC, File No. J-11011/300/2007-IA-II (I) dated 9.4.2009 for establishing 60 KLD and 2.2 MW captive power plant. Further, on 16.8.2016 the validity of the EC dated 9.4.2009 was extended to 8.4.2019with few changes in the spent wash management viz., • The spent wash shall be treated in biodigester followed by bio-composting to achieve ‘Zero’ discharge. Spent lees an effluent from utilities shall be treated and recycled/reused in process • Spent wash shall be stored in impervious RCC lagoon with HDPE lining as per CPCB guidelines and should be kept in proper condition to prevent ground water pollution. Storage capacity of spent wash lagoon should be for 30 days. • Bag filter along with stack of adequate height should be provided to biomass/coal fired boiler to control particulate emission within 50 mg/Nm3 • Total fresh water requirement from River Krishna shall not exceed 600 m3/day • Automatic/online monitoring system (24X7 monitoring devices) for flow • Fly ash shall be stored separately as per CPCB guidelines

Further on 1.8.2017 the EC was further amended. Wherein, the validity of EC was extended upto 8.4.2019 with a condition to modify the spent wash management by adding incinerator for concentrated spent wash. Distillery plant was established.

Karnataka State Pollution Control Board has accorded Consent under the Water (prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974 and the Air (prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981 for Sugarcane crushing capacity 5,000 TCD and Co-gen power plant of capacity 27 MW from time to time. The latest consent vide letter No. AW- 304061 dated 24.9.2016 is valid up to 30.6.2021.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 2 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED

KSPCB has granted consent vide letter no. AW-306506 dated 23.6.2018 for distillery of capacity 60 KLD, 22 TPH Incineration Boiler and 2.2 MW captive power plant and is valid up to 30.6.2021.

The industry has the Authorization under the Hazardous & Other Wastes (Management and Trans boundary Movement) Rules, 2016valid up to 30.6.2021.

The details of the Environmental Clearances and the consents issued by the MoEF, SEIAA and KSPCB are as under;

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 3 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED

Table 1.0: List of approvals obtained by JSL from different authorities for establishment

Sl. Date Production Capacity Consent /EC/Authorization from Issued date Validity No. From To 1. 17.11.2001 Sugar Plant - 2500 TCD • Consent to Establish – Consent under Water Act from KSPCB vide Co-gen Power - 12 MW letter No. KSPCB/DEO/CFE-CELL/AEO-1/2001-2002/334 dated 07/1/2002 valid up to 30/6/2002 • Consent order – Consent under Air Act, No. KSPCB/APC/JAMKHANDI/TECH-CELL/AEO-17-CAT/01-02/1051 dated 7/1/2002

Note: 2002 to 2010 same capacities continued. 2. 9.4.2009 Molasses based - 60 KLD Environmental Clearance from MoEF & CC, 9.4.2009 8.4.2014 Distillery vide F. No. J-11011/300/2007-IA-II (I) dated 9.4.2009. EC amendment - Validity of the EC dated 19.8.2016 8.4.2019 9.4.2009 was extended with few changes in the spent wash management. EC amendment - Validity of the EC dated 1.8.2017 8.4.2019 9.4.2009 was extended.

3 29.12.2009 Sugar Plant 2500 TCD 5000 TCD SEIAA EC vide letter no. SEIAA 12 IND 200929.12.2009 29.12.2014 Co-gen Power 12 MW 27 MW dated 29.12.2009 4. 17.1.2011 Molasses based - 60 KLD Consent for Establishment No. 17.1.2011 17.1.2014 Distillery PCB/113/HPI/2010-11/295 dated 17/1/2011 5. 22.3.2011 Sugar Plant 2500 TCD 5000 TCD Consent for expansion from KSPCB No. 22.3.2011 22.3.2014 Co-gen Power 12 MW 27 MW PCB/113/HP1/2010-11/368 dated 22/3/2011

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 4 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED

1.1 Purpose of the Report

Jamkhandi Sugars Ltd now propose to expand the sugar, co-generation, distillery and captive power plant as indicated in the Table 1.1 below in the existing premises;

Table 1.1: Capacities of the industry existing, proposed expansion and after expansion Sl. Product Name Production Capacity No. Existing Proposed Total (after expansion) 1 Sugar TCD 5,000 6,500 11,500 2 Co-gen Power Plant MW 27 7 34 3 Distillery KLD with 60 90 150 Captive power plant MW 2.2 2.5 4.7

The proposed expansion activity of increasing the capacity of sugar cane crushing capacity, co-generation plant, distillery and captive power plant is listed under serial No. 5(j), 1(d) and 5(g) respectively, under Category-Ain the schedule of the EIA Notification dated 14-09-2006 issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF & CC), Government of India.

Hence, prior Environmental Clearance (EC) is required for expansion of Sugar Plant, Co- gen and Distillery. It is also required to obtain Consent to establish under the Water Act & the Air Act from State Pollution Control Board.

Application in Form 1as prescribed in the EIA Notification 2006 along with pre-feasibility report was submitted to MoEF & CC seeking EC vide proposal no. IA/KA/IND2/108611/2019 on 24.6.2019. The proposal was appraised by EAC and standard Terms of Reference (ToR) were accorded vide ToR No. J-11011/300/2007-IA-II(I) dated 29.7.2019 for the purpose of carrying out Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) study and to prepare the EIA report to obtain prior EC.

Accordingly, this EIA study report is prepared to assess the environmental impacts during construction and operation phase of the proposed project.

1.2 Identification of the Project & Project Proponent 1.2.1 Identification of the Project

The project is enhancing the capacity of production of the existing plant of capacity 5,000 TCD of sugarcane crushing, Co-gen power plant 27 MW and distillery unit of capacity 60 KLD with co-gen 2.2 MW. The proposed expansion capacities are indicated in Table 1.1 above.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 5 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED

1.2.2 Identification of project Proponent

M/s. Jamkhandi Sugars Ltd., (JSL) is a public limited company which is into the manufacturing, supplying and trading of Sugar, Co-generated power and alcohol - Rectified Spirit and Ethanol.

The Chairman is Sri. Anand S. Nyamagouda. He is a post Graduate in Master of Business Administration, (Finance) from Bangalore University.

Managing Director is Sri. V.Sivaprakasam.

The Board of Directors are;

Sl. No. Name Sl.No. Name 1 Sri. G.S. Nyamagouda, 6 Sri. A.A. Huddar 2 Sri. R.B. Patil 7 Sri. Suresh A. Patil 3 Sri. Rajeev S. Kadapatti 8 Sri. B. Swaminathan 4 Sri. Laxman S. Savadi 9 Sri. N.K. Parasharam 5 Sri. Nirej Chandra 10 Sri. Shivaram Harihar

The successful professional personnel are the core of corporate management and are from different fields, specialized in respective field of engineering, technology, finance and agriculture.

The Company has been developing the agriculturists in the area to grow sugar cane for their requirement. It is prompt in making payment to the farmers for the cane purchased, and to harvesters and transporters. This has resulted in establishment of goodwill amongst the farming community, which is ensuring the Company the adequate cane supply of very good quality. The company is also carrying out its social obligation in supporting the villages around by lift irrigation facility from the barrage built across the River Krishna and also supporting the community in education, social infrastructure etc.

1.3 Brief description of Nature, Size, Location of the Project & its Importance to the Country, Region 1.3.1 Nature and Size of the Project

The proposed project is expansion activity of sugar plant, co-generation plant and distillery is listed under serial No. 5(g), 1(d) and 5(j) EIA Notification 2006 respectively. Category A project.

JSL is a large-scale industry under Red Category as per the industry/organization classification made by the State and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The present

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 6 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED capital cost of the sugar and co-gen power plant is Rs. 281.39 crores. Capital cost for the Distillery is Rs. 66.39 crores.

1.3.2 Location of the Project

JSL is located at Survey No. 66, 72, 73, 74, 78, 79, 80 & 88, Hirepadasalagi Village, Jamkhandi Taluk, Bagalkot District. Location and salient features of the project details are given in Table 1.2. The location of the project site boundary in google map is as shown in Figure 1.0 below;

Table 1.2 - Salient features of the existing plant and the proposed expansion. Description Details Location Survey No. 66, 72, 73, 74, 78, 79, 80 & 88, Hirepadasalagi Village, Jamkhandi Taluk, Bagalkot District Site co-ordinates Points (Refer Figure 1.0) Latitude Longitude A 16º36’27.2’’ N 75º23’52.36” E B 16º36’29.16’’ N 75º23’54.51” E C 16º36’45.42’’ N 75º23’44.42” E D 16º37’04.01’’ N 75º23’58.80” E E 16º37’01.55’’ N 75º24’11.59” E F 16º36’42.02’’ N 75º24’06.38” E G 16º36’30.46’’ N 75º24’13.50” E H 16º36’26.93’’ N 75º24’10.28” E Total Area 149.33 acres Site elevation 553 m above MSL Connectivity The site is at a distance of 5 km from Vijayapur –Dharwad state highway. District Bagalkot – 55 km towards South-East direction Headquarters Nearest Water River Krishna flowing at a distance of 3 km from the project site body towards South-West direction. Nearest village Hirepadasalagi village – 2.5 km towards South West and Jamkhandi and Town at a distance of 16 km towards South-West direction from the project site Nearest Railway Bagalkot railway station which is at a distance of 57 km from the Station project site towards South East direction Nearest Airport Belagavi Airport is at a distance of 117 km from the project site. List of industries: Nil in 10 km radius Ecologically Nil sensitive zones Source of Water River Krishna at a distance of 3 km towards South West direction

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Figure 1.0: Project site boundary in Google image

1.3.3 Project Importance to the Country and Region

Sugar Industry is an agro based industry mainly based on the availability of sugarcane. India is the second largest producers of sugar over the globe. With more than 45 million of sugar cane growers in the country, the bulk of the rural population in India depends on this industry. Karnataka is in the 2rd place both in sugar cane cultivation and sugar production next to Brazil. Out of total production of sugar in India 16% of total production is from Karnataka State.

Indian sugar industry is also a major sector to create employment about 7.5% in Indian economy. In India, Sugar industry contributes significantly to the socio-economic development of the nation.

Initially sugar industry sector in India has developed in cooperative sectors. Agricultural technology for sugar cane production in terms of high yielding sugar cane crop and high

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 8 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED sugar content in the sugar cane has made India self-sufficient in sugar cane production. India is well versed in sugar manufacturing technology and competent in production.

Molasses is the raw material for the production of alcohol. Alcohol is produced for potable purpose, industrial purpose, for medicinal use, as fuel etc.,

In order to promote bio-fuels in India, a National Policy on Bio-fuels was formulated by the Union Ministry of New and Renewable Energy in 2009. In January 2013, the Union government launched the Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme, which made it mandatory for oil companies to sell petrol blended with at least 5 per cent of ethanol. The government initiated significant investments in improving storage and blending infrastructure. The National Policy on Bio-fuels had set a target of 20 per cent blending of bio-fuel by 2017. This policy is not only to conserve petroleum but also to reduce the emission from automobile.

Under the Ethanol Blending Programme, the Government has asked oil marketing companies (OMCs) to target 10 per cent blending of ethanol with petrol by 2022. According to data compiled by the Indian Sugar Manufacturers Association (ISMA), the nationwide average for ethanol blending stands at 4.02 per cent as on October 1, 2018. Maximum achieved so far is 4.9%. Government of India has an ambition to increase the blending of Ethanol with petrol to an extent of 20% by 2030. Further there is lot of demand for alcohol for industrial and potable use. At present about 50 to 52 % of alcohol produce is used for potable purpose in India.

Around Hirepadasalagi Village and in the area allotted by Government of Karnataka, there is potential to harness additional sugar cane by encouraging the farmers to adopt the latest agriculture techniques for which the company is giving necessary financial and technical support to the farmers. This will not only improve the economic position of the farmers around but also improve the economic performance of the industry which in turn helps the State in higher sugar production. The present project will also contribute to the revenue of the central and State exchequer.

By expanding the sugar plant there will be additional generation of molasses which will be used for the alcohol production in the distillery.

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1.4 Scope of Study – Details of Regulatory Scoping carried out (as per Terms of Reference) 1.4.1 Scope of Study

The scope of study includes detailed characterization of existing status of environment in the study area of 10 km radius from the project for various environmental components viz. air, noise, water, land, biological and socioeconomic components and other parameters of interest. The envisaged scope of EIA is as follows which encompass the requirements of Terms of Reference:

• To assess the present status of air, noise, water, land, biological and socioeconomic components of environment • Collect Primary and secondary data for preparing EIA Report • Identification and quantification of significant impacts from the proposed project operations on various components of environment and propose mitigate options • Suggest ways and means to mitigate or/and minimize the impacts to meet the regulatory norms • Carry out Air quality predication modelling (AERMOD) studies using Lakes Environment software and Severity mapping by using ALOHA software version 5.4.3 • To prepare an Environmental Monitoring Programme to strengthen the regulatory compliance Risk assessment and Disaster Management Plan studies • Preparation of a sound Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining additional control technologies to be adopted for mitigation of adverse impacts, if any • Propose Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) • To conduct public consultation to elicit the opinion from the public

Regulatory Compliances required under the various statutes under Environment regulations.

1. Prior Environmental Clearance from MoEF & CC under EIA notification 2006. 2. Consent for Establishment and Consent for Operation from the KSPCB under the Water Act and the Air Act 3. License from Directorate of Factories, Boiler, Industrial Safety and Health. 4. License from the Department of Excise Government of Karnataka. 5. Authorization from KSPCB under HOW Rule 2016

1.4.2 Methodology of the study

Any developmental activity in general is expected to cause impacts on surrounding environment during its implementation and operation phases, which can be either positive or negative. The nature and intensity of impacts on different components of environment depend on the type of project activities and geographical conditions of the study area.

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The impacts of the project activities on environmental components are quantified through Environmental Impact Assessment Studies within the impact zone of the project activities. The detailed studies for various environmental components like air, noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic environment were carried out during December 2019, January 2020 and February 2020. The study area for the present EIA study is 10 km radius from the plant site.

Study was carried out by reconnaissance survey, fixing the monitoring locations for baseline studies, interviewing people residing in the study area, sample survey, collection of secondary data etc. compilation of the baseline data and analysis.

This EIA report is prepared incorporating all the Terms of Reference issued by MoEF & CC. The activity flow chart for the EIA study is as under:

1.4.3 Compliance to Terms of Reference

Terms of Reference (ToR) are prescribed by MoEF & CC, vide letter No. J-11011/300/2007- IA-II(I) dated 29.7.2019 Annexure 3 for the EIA study and preparation of report for the proposed Expansion. The list of ToR and their compliances for Distillery and Sugar Industry is appended in the Table 1.3.

Table 1.3: Compliance to Terms of Reference (ToR) Sl. ToR issued by MoEF & CC Compliance No 5(g) TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR DISTILLERIES 1 Executive summary Page No.I to XIX 2 Introduction I Details of the EIA consultant including Details provided in Chapter – 12. NABET Accreditation. Ii Information about the project proponent Details provided in Chapter – 1, Section 1.2, 1.2.2 iii Importance and benefits of the project. Details provided in Chapter – 8 3 Project Description I Cost of project and time of completion Details provided in Chapter – 2, Section 2.4.3, 2.5 Ii Products with capacities for the proposed Details provided in Chapter – 1, Table project 1.1. iii If expansion project, details of existing Details provided in Chapter - 1, Table products with capacities and whether 1.1. adequate land is available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if any. iv List of raw materials required and their Details provided in Chapter 2, section source along with mode of transportation. 2.6.1

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 11 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED v Other chemicals and materials required with Details provided in Chapter 2, section quantities and storage capacities. 2.6.1 vi Details of emission, effluents, hazardous Process effluent generation and waste generation and their management management details provided in Chapter 2, Section 2.9.1.4, air environment and management details provided in Chapter 2, Section 2.9.2, Table 2.18 and hazardous waste generation and management details provided in Chapter 2, Section 2.9.4.1, Table 2.19. vii Requirement of water, power, with source Requirement of water with source of of supply, status of approval, water balance supply, status of approval, water diagram, man-power requirement (regular balance is detailed in chapter – 2, and contract). Section 2.9.1, table 2.9 to 2.13. The copy of permission letter to draw water from the River is attached as Annexure 4.

Power requirement detailed in Chapter 2, Section 2.4.5, Table 2.3.

Man power requirement detailed in Chapter 2, Section 2.4.4, Table 2.2. viii Process description along with major Process descriptions are provided in equipments and machineries, process flow chapter 2, section 2.6, 2.7 sheet (quantitative) from raw material to products to be provided. ix Hazard identification and details of Hazard identifications and mitigation proposed safety systems. measures are detailed in chapter 7, section 7.1 x Expansion/modernization proposals. a. Copy of all the environmental clearance(s) EC, CFE & CFO copies and EC including amendments thereto obtained for compliance reports are enclosed as the project from MOEF / SEIAA shall be Annexure – 5 attached as an annexure. A certified copy of the latest monitoring report of the regional office of the ministry of environment and forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance

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of consent to operate for the ongoing existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report. b. In case the existing project has not obtained EC is obtained for the existing activity. environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA notification 1994 and/or EIA notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and consent to operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA notification 2006, CFE and CFO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. 4. Site details I Location of the project site covering village, Details are provided in chapter 2, Taluk/Tehsil, District and state, justification section 2.3.1 for selecting the site, whether other sites were considered. ii A topo sheet of the study area of radius of TOPO of project site is shown in 10 km and site location on chapter 2, section 2.3.1, Figure 2.5 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places) iii Details with respect to option analysis for Details are provided in chapter 5, selection of site. section 5.1 vi Co – ordinates (lat –long) of all four corners Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all corners of of the site. the site is given in chapter 2, section 2.3, Figure 2.0 v Google map – Earth Downloaded of the Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site. project site is given in chapter 2, section 2.3.1, Figure 2.1 vi Layout maps indicating existing unit as well Layout maps indicating existing unit as as proposed unit indicating storage area, well as proposed unit indicating plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc., if storage area, plant area, greenbelt located within an industrial area/ area, utilities etc is given in chapter 2, estate/complex, layout of industrial area section 2.3.1, Figure 2.6 indicating location of unit within the industrial area/ Estate. vii Photographs of the proposed and existing (if Photographs of existing plant site applicable) plant site. If existing, show provided in chapter 2, section 2.3.2, photographs of planation/ greenbelt, in Figure 2.7 particular. viii Land use break up of total land of the Land use break-up of total land of the

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project site (identified and acquired), project site is given in chapter 2, government /private – agricultural, forest section 2.4.2 wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc., shall be included (not required for industrial area) ix A list of major industries with name and There is no major industries within 10 type within study area (10 KM radius) shall km radius from the project site. be incorporated. Land use details of the study area. x Geological features and geo – hydrological Details are provided in chapter 3, status of the study area shall be included. section 3.8.2 xi Details of drainage of the project up to 5 km Details are provided in chapter 3, radius of study area. If the site is within 1 section 3.8.1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of flood level of the project site and maximum flood level of the river shall also be provided. (Mega green field projects). xii Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is Land is owned by JSL. Proposed not complete, stage of the acquisition expansion will be within the existing process and expected time of complete industrial premises. possession of the land. xiii R & R details in respect of land in line with Not applicable. Proposed expansion state government policy. will be within the existing industrial premises. 5. Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable) i Permission and approval for the use of forest Not applicable land, if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department. (If applicable) ii Land use map based on high resolution Details are provided in chapter 3, satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site section 3.7 delineating the forest land (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 Ha) iii Status of application submitted for obtaining Not applicable the stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted iv The projects to be located within 10 Km Not applicable radius of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Bio sphere reserves, Mitigatory corridors of wild animals, the project proponent shall

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submit the map duly authenticated by chief wild life warden showing these features vis- à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the chief wild life warden there on v Wildlife conservation plan duly Not applicable authenticated by chief wildlife warden of the State Govt. for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the area. vi Copy of application submitted for clearance Not applicable under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife 6. Environmental Status: i Determination of atmospheric inversion level Details are provided in chapter 3, at the project site and site – specific section 3.2, 3.2.1 micrometeorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall. ii AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations Details are provided in chapter 3,

for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO and other section 3.3 parameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the predominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. iii Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 Details are provided in chapter 3, weeks of all stations as per frequency given section 3.3 in the NAAQM notification of Nov. 2009 along with – min, max, average and 98 % values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA report. iv Surface water quality of nearby river (100 m Details are provided in chapter 3, upstream and downstream of discharge section 3.6 point) and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF & CC guidelines. v Whether the site falls near to polluted Not applicable stretch of river identified by the CPCB/MoEF & CC, if yes give details. vi Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 Details are provided in chapter 3, locations shall be included. section 3.6.3

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 15 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED vii Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within Details are provided in chapter 3, the study area. section 3.4 viii Soil characteristic as per CPCB guidelines. Details are provided in chapter 3, section 3.7, Table 3.17 ix Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, Details are provided in chapter 3, frequency of vehicles for transportation of section 3.5 materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc., x Detailed description of flora and fauna Details are provided in chapter 3, (terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study section 3.9.1 & 3.9.2 area shall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If schedule –I fauna are found within the study area, wildlife conservation plan shall be prepared and furnished. xi Socio – economic status of the study area. Details are provided in chapter 4, section 4.2.2.1.6 7. Impact and Environment Management Plan i Assessment of ground level concentration of Details are provided in chapter 4, pollutants from the stack emission based section 4.2.2.1.3 onsite- specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP modeling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, Habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. ii Water quality modelling – in case of Not applicable. discharge in water body. iii Impact of the transport of the raw materials Details are provided in chapter 3 and end products on the surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail – cum road

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transport or conveyor cum – rail transport shall be examined. iv A note on treatment of wastewater from Details are provided in chapter 2, different plant operations, extent recycled section 2.9.1.5 and reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standers of discharge under EP rules. v Details of stack emission and action plan for Details are provided in chapter 2, control of emissions to meet standards. section 2.9.2 vi Measures for fugitive emission control. Details are provided in chapter 2, section 2.9.2.3 vii Details of hazardous waste generation and Details are provided in chapter 2, their storage, utilization and management. section 2.9.4.1 Copies of MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, energy conservation and natural resource conservation. viii Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured Fly ash is being collected in wet as per fly ash notification, 2009. A detailed conditions only and transported in plan of action shall be provided. covered vehicles. Fly ash is used for composting. Local farmers also use fly ash as soil conditioner and compost. ix Action plan for the green belt development Details are provided in chapter 10, plan in 33 % area i.e. land with not less than section 10.4.7 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc., shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated. x Action plan for rain water harvesting Details are provided in chapter 10, measures at plant site shall be submitted to section 10.5 harvest rainwater from the rooftops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water

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requirement from other sources xi Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum Details are provided in chapter 6, for environmental pollution control section 6.6 measures shall be included. xii Action plan for post-project environmental Details are provided in chapter 6, monitoring shall be submitted. section 6.6

Xiii Onsite and offsite disaster (natural and man- Details are provided in chapter 7, made) preparedness and emergency section 7.6 management plan including Risk assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with district disaster management plan. 8. Occupational Health: i Plan and fund allocation to ensure Details are provided in chapter 17, occupational health & safety of all contract section 7.7.7.9 and casual workers. ii Details of exposure specific health status Details are provided in chapter 7, evolution of worker. If the workers’ health is section 7.7.7.9 being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, audiometry, spirometry, Vision testing (far & near vision, color vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre- placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. iii Details of existing occupational & safety Details are provided in chapter 7, hazards. What are the exposure levels of section 7.7.7.9 hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL)This area not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved. iv Annual report of health status of workers Details are provided as Annexure 8 with special reference to occupational health and safety. 9. Corporate Environment Policy i Does the company have a well laid down Details are provided in chapter 10, environment policy approved by its board of section 10.8 directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 18 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED ii Does the environment policy prescribe for Details are provided in chapter 10, standard operating process/ procedures to section 10.8 bring into focus any infringement /deviation/violation of the environmental or forest norms /conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA. iii What is the hierarchical system or Details are provided in chapter 10, administrative order of the company to deal section 10.8 with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. iv Does the company have system of reporting Details are provided in chapter 10, of non-compliances /violations of section 10.8 environmental norms to the board of directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report. 10. Details regarding infrastructure facilities Infrastructure facilities such as such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labour force during provided to the labour force during construction as well as to the casual workers construction as well as to the casual including truck drivers during operation workers including truck drivers during phase. operation phase are provided. 11. Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) i Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project Details are provided in chapter 9, cost) shall be earmarked towards the section 9.1 enterprise social commitment based on public hearing issues and item – wise details along with time bound action plan shall be included. Social – economic development activities need to be elaborated upon. 12. Any litigation pending against the project No, Not applicable. and/or any direction /order passes by any court of law against the project, if so details thereof shall be included. Has the unit received any notice under the section 5 of Environment (protection) act, 1986 or relevant sections of air and water acts? If so, details thereof and compliance /ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case. B. SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA STUDIES FOR DISTILLERIES

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1 List of existing distillery units in the study There is no distillery unit within the area along with their capacity and sourcing study other than JSL. Raw materials of raw Material are sourced from sugar plant of JSL and from outside as and when there is a shortfall. 2 Number of working days of the distillery Sugar plant: 200 days unit. Co-gen plant: 300 days Distillery unit: 320 days 3 Details of raw materials such as Raw materials are sourced from sugar molasses/grains, their source with plant of JSL and from outside as and availability. when there is a shortfall. 4 Details of the use of steam from the boiler. Steam is primarily used for following purposes in the industry: 5 Surface and Ground water quality around There is no surface water body near to proposed spent wash storage lagoon, and the spent wash storage and compost compost yard. yard. The nearest water body is Krishna River is at 3 km. water quality of this River is monitored to establish the baseline data, the surface water is not contaminated. The details are in chapter 3, section 3.6.2.

The Piezometer monitoring details are given in chapter 10, section 10.5 6 Plan to reduce spent wash generation within Details are in chapter 2, section 6-8 KL/KL of alcohol produced. 2.9.1.2 7 Proposed effluent treatment system for Details are in chapter 2, section molasses/grain-based distillery (spent wash, 2.9.1.5.2. spent lees, condensate and utilities) as well as domestic sewage and scheme for achieving zero effluent discharge (ZLD). 8 Proposed action to restrict fresh water Details are provided in chapter 2 consumption within 10 KL/KL of alcohol production 9 Details about capacity of spent wash holding Details are provided tank, material used, design consideration. No. of 20 piezometers to be proposed around spent wash holding tank. 10 Action plan to control ground water • No effluent treated or untreated is pollution. discharged on land or outside the factory. • Effluent and storm water drain inspection

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• Maintenance of log books and review by top management. • Operation and maintenance of online flow meters • Connectivity of online monitoring systems to CPCB and KSPCB servers. 11 Details of solid waste management including Yeast sludge and boiler ash will be management of boiler ash, yeast, etc. used in composting along with press Details of incinerated spent wash ash mud from sugar plant. Details are in generation and its disposal. chapter 2, section 2.9.4 12 Details of bio-composting yard (if From fermentation of molasses yeast applicable). sludge is generated/separated. This sludge is also mixed with pressmud, incinerated ash and ETP sludge of sugar plant and given to farmers for composting and application on land for agriculture. 13 Action plan to control odour pollution. Control measure of odour pollution. ➢ The finished products are stored in MS tanks in a secured manner. The ethanol is loaded to the tankers by automatic pumping system, to ensure control of fugitive emission. ➢ Odour is primarily controlled at source by good operational practices, including physical management control measures. ➢ Better housekeeping with good hygiene condition by regular steaming of all fermentation equipment. ➢ The main source of odour is from spent wash storage lagoon. The holding capacity shall be restricted to maximum 5 days in order to reduce the odour. ➢ The periodical monitoring of emission sources and ambient air quality is ensured as per the Environmental Monitoring Program apart from online monitoring system to randomly check the performances.

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➢ Maintenance of log books and review by top management. 14 Arrangements for installation of continuous Effluent Flow meter and IP camera is online monitoring system (24x7 monitoring provided in the existing system. device)

5(J) TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR SUGAR INDUSTRY B. SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA STUDIES FOR SUGAR INDUSTRY 1 Complete process flow diagram describing Detailed in Chapter – 2, Section 2.7 each unit, its processes and operations in production of sugar, along with material and energy inputs and outputs (material and energy balance) 2 Details on water balance including quantity Detailed in chapter – 2, Section 2.9.1 of effluent generated, recycled and refused. Efforts to minimize effluent is charge and to maintain quality of receiving water body. 3 Details of effluent treatment plant, inlet Detailed in Chapter 2, Section 2.9.1.2, and treated water quality with specific 2.9.1.3 efficiency if each treatment unit in reduction in respect to fall concerned/ regulated environmental parameters. 4 Number of working days of the sugar Sugar plant :150 production unit Power plant:350 5 Details of the use of steam from the boiler In sugar industry steam is used primarily for: (a) Generating power (b) Concentrating sugar juices Steam also plays important role in every step of raw sugar process, especially in juice extraction, clarification, evaporation and sugar drying. Thus selection of steam boilers becomes very important for sugar plant. 6 Details of proposed source specific pollution Detailed in chapter -2, Section 2.9 control schemes and equipments to meet the national standards 7 Collection, storage, handling and Detailed in chapter – 2, Section 2.6.2 transportation of molasses 8 Collection, storage, handling and Molasses is used in the distillery plant transportation of pressmud of JSL. Press mud and ash is disposed as raw material to distillery plant for

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spent wash composting. The farmers are also using it as filler material in manure. Bagasse will be used as fuel in the boiler. 9 Fly ash management plan for coal based and As the boilers in the power plant bagasse and action plan utilize bagasse and bio-mass as fuel for power generation. Boiler ash will be given to farmers for use as nutrient cum soil conditioner in agricultural lands. Coal is used of the total bagasse requirement when there is shortage of fuel. 10 Details of water quality parameter such as Detailed in chapter -3, Section - 3.6 Temperature, Color, pH, BOD, COD, Nitrogen, Phosphates, Oil & Grease, Total Suspended Solids, Total Coli form bacteria etc. 11 Details on existing ambient air quality and Detailed in chapter -3, Section – 3.3 expected, stack and fugitive emissions for

PM10, PM2.5, SO2*, NOx*, etc., and evaluation of the adequacy of the proposed pollution control devices to meet standards for point sources and to meet AAQ standards. (*-As applicable)

1.4.4 Generic Structure of EIA Document

The generic structure in terms of Appendix – III of the EIA Notification of the MoEF dated 14th September 2006, is followed for preparing the EIA document. The details of the structure are as under:

Chapter 1: Introduction Introductory information is presented in this Chapter. The introduction provides a Background to the project and describes the objective of this document. This Chapter also includes the outline of the project and its proponent. The purpose of project and organization details of the promoter is also presented in this chapter.

Chapter 2: Project Description This Chapter includes Project Description and Infrastructure Facilities delineating all industrial and environmental aspect of the industry of M/s. Jamkhandi Sugars Ltd,Construction and operation phase activities as well as process details of proposed scenario. This Chapter gives information about storage and handling, water and

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Chapter 3: Description of the Environment This Chapter provides Baseline Environmental Status of Environmental components (Primary data) delineating meteorological details of the project site and surrounding area.

Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures This Chapter presents the analysis of impacts on the environmental and social aspects of the project as a result of expansion of plant and thereby suggesting the mitigation measures.

Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives This chapter includes the justification for the selection of the project site from Environmental point of view as well as from economic point of view.

Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Plan This chapter will include the technical aspects of monitoring, which will include the measurement methodologies, frequency, location, data analysis, reporting schedules etc.,

Chapter 7: Additional Studies This chapter will include the details about the Public Consultation. It will also identify the risks of the Project in relation to the general public and the surrounding environment vis- a-vis management plan.

Chapter 8: Project Benefits & Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis. The realization of the project activity is envisaged to impart benefits to the areas in concern. This Chapter will identify the benefits from the project and summarize them.

Chapter 9: Environmental Management Plan This chapter presents the mitigation plan, covers the institutional and monitoring requirements to implement environmental mitigation measures and to assess their adequacy during project implementation.

Chapter 10: Summary and Conclusion This chapter summarizes the information given in Chapters in this EIA/EMP report and the conclusion based on the environmental study, impact identification, mitigation measures and the environmental management plan.

Chapter 11: Disclosure of the Consultant Names of consultant engaged in the preparation of the EIA/EMP report along with declaration from the EIA report preparation team are included in this Chapter

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CHAPTER 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

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CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ______

2.0 Description of those aspects of the project (Based on project feasibility study), likely to cause environmental effects. 2.1 Type of Project

M/s. Jamkhandi Sugars Ltd. is proposing to expand its integrated sugar, co-generation, distillery and captive power plant;

• Sugarcane crushing capacity from 5,000 TCD to 11,500 TCD, • Co-gen power plant from 27 MW to 34 MW and • Molassesbased distillery capacity from 60 KLD to 150 KLD (There is change in the configuration of the raw material used for the manufacture of alcohol i.e., C heavy, B heavy & sugarcane syrup will be used to produce the alcohol)with captive power generation from 2.2 MW to 4.7 MW.

The expansion is proposed within the existing industry complex. The total land area is 149.33 acres. Total capital cost of expansion is Sugar plant with co-generation is Rs.110 crore and Distillery with captive power generation is Rs. 89.38 crore.

2.2 Need for the Project 2.2.1 Need for sugar factory expansion

Karnataka is the 3rd largest cane producing State in India next to Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra. It stands 2nd in terms of recovery of sugar. Belgaum and Bagalkot districts in Karnataka are the highest sugar cane growing Districts and highest in sugar recovery as well. Various measures are in place to increase sugar recovery;

• By introduction of sugar rich varieties of sugar cane, • Optimizing the age at harvest for different varieties particularly early crushing and fag end of the season, • Continued R & D with emphasis on agro technology, • Focus on cane development and extension activities, • Supporting the farmers with sugar cane seed and during harvesting etc.

With the availability of water from the perennial Rivers in North Karnataka, sugar cane cultivation is an attraction for good revenue to the farmers.

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Therefore, with the available Sugar cane command area there is lot of scope for JSL to take up expansion of sugar plant supported with cogeneration to reduce cost on power supply and also to export power to State grid during the off season.

2.2.2 Need for co-generation plant and captive power plant Expansion

With the increase in production of sugar there will be an additional bagasse generation which could be used to meet the additional power required for the plant and also to export the excess to State Grid.

Similarly, with the expansion of distillery, there will be additional incineration boiler. This steam generated could be effectively utilized to meet the additional power requirement for the distillery.

2.2.3 Need for Distillery Expansion

With the expansion of sugar plant there will be additional molasses which can be used in the distillery plant for alcohol production. The use of B heavy molasses and use of sugar syrup is an added advantage to enhance the production depending on the market demand. The Government of India, in the National Policy on Bio-fuels is encouraging blending of bio-fuel with petrol to ease the demand of petroleum import. The government of India is encouraging the production of Ethanol for blending with petrol. JSL would be focusing on supply of Ethanol to oil manufacturing companies as well as to supply Rectified Spirit to chemical industries and for potable purpose to manufacture IMFL.

Expansion of distillery is very important for balancing production of sugar in terms of financial advantage and for sustenance.

The above initiative will not only an advantage to the local farmers but also earn revenue to the State exchequer.

2.2.4 Demand- supply gap

Sugar is one of the main requirements in Indian food. Its demand for making sweets and other uses are increasing day by day. Sugar cane being a seasonal crop and its production is directly depending on the irrigation potential, rainfall etc. Karnataka is experiencing short fall in sugarcane production, thereby the demand for sugar gets affected. Therefore, it is required to capitalize on the sugar cane boom season and to produce sugar for the lean seasons. The molasses and bagasse are the by-products, which can be used as raw material for production of bio-fuel and bio-energy. This activity saves the forex and protects the environment. Moreover, now a day the sugarcane is being replaced as ENERGYCANE.

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Initially sugar industries in India have been developed by converting privately owned sugar factories to cooperative sector. Now the cooperative sugars limited are being transferred to private sector. Agricultural technology for sugarcane production in terms of high yielding sugar cane crop and high sugar content in the sugarcane has made India self- sufficient in sugar cane production. India is well versed in sugar manufacturing technology and competent in production of the RS/ENA/Ethanol for the Indian market.

2.2.5 Requirement of Sugarcane vis-a-vis by products for co-generation and distillery

After expansion, sugarcane requirement will grow from 1,50,000 metric tons to 3,45,000 MT/M. Similarly, the molasses, as a raw material /chemical consumption will increase from 7500 MT/M to 18,000 MT/M and the production of bagasse will increase from 45000 MTM to 1,03,500 MTM, which can be used as fuel for captive power generation; press mud from 6,000to 13,800 Mt/M which can be used as manure to crops. Yeast sludge generation will increase from 190 to 300 MT/M this will be used for compost making and press mud. Bottom crate ash will grow from 104 MT to 136 MT/M; dry fly ash will increase from 420 MT to 550 MT/M. Boiler ash can be used for brickmaking.

2.3 Location of the Project

M/s. Jamkhandi Sugars Limited's., proposed project is the expansion of existing Sugar Unit, co-gen and Distillery unit located at Hirepadasalagi Village, Jamkhandi Taluk, Bagalkot District, Karnataka. The location features of the site are given in Table 1.2 of Chapter 1. Google maps are given in Figure 2.0 showing the plant boundary indicating lat-long coordinates.

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Lat – 16º37’04.01’’ N Long - 75º23’58.80” E Lat – 16º37’01.55’’ N Long -75º24’11.59” E

Lat – 16º36’45.42’’ N Long -75º23’44.42” E Lat – 16º36’42.02’’ N Long -75º24’06.38” E

Lat – 16º36’29.16’’ N Long -75º23’54.51” E Lat – 16º36’30.46’’ N Long -75º24’13.50” E

Lat – 16º36’27.20’’ N Lat – 16º36’26.93’’ N Long -75º23’52.36” E Long -75º24’10.28” E

Figure 2.0: Location of the project site on Google map with co-ordinates

2.3.1 Location of the Project Site with respect to State and District, on Google Map (1 km, 5 km and 10 km radius from project site)

General Location of the Project Site on State Map, District Map and on Google Map is shown in Figure 2.1 and Google map in Figure 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 indicate the area around 1 km, 5 km and 10 km radius from Project Site respectively. Topo Map of 10 km radius of the Study Area is shown in Figure 2.5, Project Site Layout Plan showing the present and proposed additional facilities is in Figure 2.6

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Figure 2.1: General Location of the Project Site on State Map, District Map and on Google Map

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Figure 2.2: Location of the project site on Google map – 1 km radius

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Figure 2.3: Location of the project site on Google map – 5 km radius

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Figure 2.4: Location of the project site on Google map – 10 km radius

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Figure 2.5: Topo map of 10 km radius of the study area

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Figure 2.6: Project site Layout showing the present operating plant and the proposed additional facilities

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2.3.2 Existing Industry Photographs

Existing plant site photographs are shown in Figure2.7

Distillation

Co-generation boiler ESP and chimney

Figure 2.7: Existing Plant site photographs

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2.4 Size or Magnitude of Operation 2.4.1 Magnitude of Operation

The integrated Sugar and distillary operation magnitude is as under;

Sl. Product Name Production Capacity No. Existing Proposed Total (after expansion) 1 Sugar TCD 5,000 6,500 11,500 2 Co-gen Power Plant MW 27 7 34 3 Distillery KLD with 60 90 150 Co-gen MW 2.2 2.5 4.7

2.4.2 Land Details

Proposed expansion will be taken up in the existing industrial land. Land use details of the project site is in Table 2.0

Table 2.0: Land use details of the project site Sl. Particulars Land area % of total No. in acres land 1 Built up area of sugar plant 5.72 3.82 2 Cane yard area 14.336 9.57 3 Bagasse Yard 3.225 2.15 4 Officers’ quarters, workers’ quarters, hospital, educational buildings, temples, playground, gardens, 18.48 12.34 bus-stop and approach roads etc. 5 Molasses Storage area - sugar plant 1.024 0.68 6 Molasses and product Storage area - distillery plant 2.192 1.46 7 ETP area sugar plant 2.936 1.96 8 ETP area in distillery 0.524 0.35 9 Road area 10.768 7.19 10 Vacant land 18.141 11.96 11 Green Belt 50.624 34.26 12 Area reserved for present expansion 21.36 14.26 Total Land 149.33 100

2.4.3 Capital Investment

The cost breakup for the existing and proposed expansion project is given in Table 2.1

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Table 2.1 - Cost of the Project a) For Sugar and Co-Gen Unit Sl. Description Existing investment Proposed investment No. in Rs. Crores in Rs. Crores 1 Cost of land and development 1.00 - 2 Cost of Building 43.75 23.75 3 Cost of Plant and Machinery 236.63 86.25 TOTAL 281.38 110.0 b) For Distillery unit Sl. Description Existing Amount in Proposed Amount in No. Crores (In Rs) Crores (In Rs) 1 Cost of land and development - - 2 Cost of Building 12.11 9.91 3 Cost of Plant and Machinery 54.28 70.84 4 Other Assets - 8.64 TOTAL 66.39 89.39

2.4.4 Man Power Requirement

The total number of employees in the existing facility is 533. Additionally, the industry requires skilled staff of 75 for proposed expansion. Indirectly casual laborers will be employed on temporary basis. There is also potential for other business opportunities such as hired vehicles for the transportation of the raw materials, products and by-products contractors, sugar cane cultivation, harvesting and transportation etc. the Table 2.2. Indicate the manpower details.

Table 2.2: Manpower details – existing and proposed Sl. No. Division Existing Proposed addition After expansion 1 Sugar 389 34 423 2 Co-gen 41 10 51 3 Distillery 103 31 134 Total 533 75 608

2.4.5 Power Requirement

The power requirement will be met from co-generation unit. DG set will act as backup in case of power failure. Power generation during season and off season and its requirement is shown in below Table 2.3.

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Table 2.3: Power generation during season and off season and its requirement Sl. Power consumption for Power requirement in MW No. 5000 TCD 11500 TCD During season 1 Sugar unit 5.5 12.0 2 Cogeneration plant 2.0 2.5 3 Distillery unit 1.1 4.0 4 To state grid (export) 13.5 16.5 During off season 1 Sugar unit 0.2 0.3 2 Cogeneration plant 0.07 0.07 3 Distillery unit 0.04 0.04 4 To state grid (export) Nil Nil

2.5 Proposed Schedule for Approval & Implementation

As soon as the EC is accorded by MoEF & CC the industry will approach KSPCB for consent for establishment (expansion) and take up the erection of new additional machineries to meet the expansion project requirement. The project is planned for commencement during 2020-21 crushing season. Schedule for approval and implementation of proposed expansion is given in Table2.4.

Table 2.4: Schedule for approval and implementation of proposed expansion Sl. No. Activity Estimated completion time 1. Application for EC to MoEF &CC 24.6.2019 2. Receipt of Terms of Reference from F No. J-11011/300/2007-IA II MoEF&CC (I) dated 29.7.2019. 3. Submission of Draft EIA report to KSPCB August 2020 for Public Hearing 4. Public Hearing Sept/Oct 2020 5. Submission of EIA report to MoEF&CC November 2020 6. Probable time of EIA appraisal December 2020 7. Probable time of EC from MoEF&CC December 2020 8. Application to KSPCB for CTE January 2021 9. Expected time of CTE from KSPCB January 2021 10. Project implementation 8 months after EC approval 11. Commercial production August 2021

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2.6 Technology and Process description 2.6.1 Raw Material required for Sugar and Distillery Plant for Existing and Proposed Expansion.

The details of raw materials for existing and proposed expansion for Sugar, co-gen and Distillery unit plant are given in Table 2.5 (a) Table 2.5 (b), Table 2.5 (c) respectively.

Table 2.5 (a): Raw Materials for Sugar Plant Sl. Raw material / Existing After expansion Source and Mode of No Chemicals 5000TCD 11500TCDquantit distance transport quantity in y in MT/M MT/M 1 Sugar Cane 1,50,000 3,45,000 Villages in 25 By trucks, km radius. tractors and bullock carts 2 Chemicals (a) Burnt lime 375 862 From Lokapur about 26 km (b) Sulphur 90 207 From Bengaluru about 467 km (c)Phosphoric acid 13.8 31.8 From Hyderabad (d) Magnoflock –LT-2 0.3 0.84 about 367 km (e) Isopropyl 0.36 1.008 From Belgaum By trucks Alcohol about 128 km (f) Mill sanitation 1.5 4.2 From Jamkhandi Chemical (DTC & about 17 km QAC)

Table 2.5 (b) Bagasse Generated at Sugar Plant and Its Requirement for Co-Generation Plant After Expansion: PARTICULARS Existing:5000 TCD 11500 TCD At Sugar Plant: Bagasse @ 30% (in Ton/Day) 1500 3450 No. of days of Sugar crushing at Sugar Plant 200 200 Total Bagasse Available (in Tons per Annum) 300000 690000

Bagasse requirement for Co-Generation Plant: 27 MW Capacity 34 MW Capacity No. of days of Operation of Co-Generation Plant 300 300 Bagasse required for Boilers of 90 TPH & 70 TPH 57643* 52200 (in Tons/Month). (691710 MT/annum) Coal Used in Boilers (in MT per Annum) 227000 85000

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*Additional boiler 70 TPH after expansion

Table 2.5 (C) Molasses Generation at Sugar Plant and its Requirement for Distillery Plant Existing: After Expansion: Particulars 5000 TCD 11,500 TCD At Sugar Plant: Molasses @ 4.5% (in Ton/Day) 225 517.5 No. of days of Plant Operation of Sugar Plant 200 200 Total Molasses Recovered (in Tons per Annum) 45000 103500

60 KLD At Distillery Plant: 150 KLD Capacity Capacity No. of days of Operation of Distillery Plant 300 300 Molasses Required by Distillery (in Tons/Month) 7500 18000 Molasses Required by Distillery (in Tons/Day) 250 600 Total Molasses Required in Distillery (in Tons per 75000 180000 Annum) Note: The combination of C-Heavy molasses, B-Heavy molasses and Sugar cane syrup is sufficient for running the distillery 300 days continuously. Molasses from distillery plant is conveyed through pipelines.

Table 2.5 (d): Raw Materials for Distillery Unit Sl. Raw material Existing 60 KLD After expansion150 Source No. /chemicals quantity in MT/M KLD quantity in MT/M 1 Molasses 7500 18000 Sugar plant 2 Sulphuric acid 0.5 1.25 3 Antifoam agent (TRO) 10 25 4 Urea 2 5 5 Di ammonium phosphate 1 2.5 (DAP) 6 Incineration Boiler – a. concentrated spent 4320 10800 Distillery wash plant MEE b. coal 2000 5000

Table 2.6: Existing and proposed incinerator and its fuel requirement Sl. Particular Existing After expansion Source Transportation No 22 TPH New 23 TPH incineration incineration boiler, TPD boiler, TPD 1 Spent 177.6 252 Distillery By pipeline wash concentrated

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spent wash 2 Bagasse 76.8 60 From sugar plant From own sugar unit or or or within premises Coal 44.47 44.47 Coal procured Truck from contractor

2.6.2 Storage facility for raw materials and products

(a) Sugar Cane Storage Sugar cane is stored in cane yard of 12 acre 14 guntas. For parking the sugarcane carriers an area of 1.2 acres is reserved.

(b) Molasses Storage Capacity – Existing and Proposed

Sl. Particulars Existing tanks Proposed tanks Material of no. Capacity capacities construction Sugar plant 1 Molasses 3 x 4000 MT - Mild Steel 1 x 10000 MT Distillery 1 Molasses 1 x 10000 MT 4 x 10000 MT Mild Steel

Table 2.7: Details of Alcohol storage capacity Sl. No. Tank Number Description Capacity in Litres MOC 1 01 ENA Receiver Tank 65,140.00 M Steel 2 02 ENA Receiver Tank 65,197.00 M Steel 3 03 ENA Receiver Tank 65,315.00 M Steel 4 01 Rs Receiver tank 65,408.00 M Steel 5 02 Rs Receiver tank 65,396.00 M Steel 06 03 Rs Receiver tank 65,501.00 M Steel 07 01 A.A. Receiver tank 65,523.00 M Steel 08 02 AA Receiver tank 65,466.00 M Steel 09 03 AA Receiver tank 65,512.00 M Steel 10 01 I.S. Receiver tank 7,509.00 M Steel 11 02 I.S Receiver tank 7,531.00 M Steel 12 ST-01 RS/ENA/AA Storage tank 6,00733.00 M Steel 13 ST-02 RS/ENA/AA Storage tank 5,98,263.00 M Steel 14 ST-03 RS/ENA/AA Storage tank 5,99,580.00 M Steel 15 ST-04 RS/ENA/AA Storage tank 5,99,218.00 M Steel

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16 ST-05 RS/ENA/AA Storage tank 5,98,798.00 M Steel 17 ISST-01 Impure Spirit storage tank 1,25,437.00 M Steel 18 RSFT-01 Rectified Spirit storage 65,612.00 M Steel tank

(d) Proposed Storage 1. ENA receiver tank – 2 X 2500 KL 2. Impure spirit storage tank – 1 X 200 KL 3. RS storage tank – 2 X 2500 KL 4. Ethanol storage – 3 X 220 KL

2.7 Manufacturing Process Description 2.7.1 (a) Process Description - Sugar

Sugar cane is the raw material for manufacture of sugar. Juice is extracted from sugar cane, which is then processed to recover sugar. Bagasse, which is the left-out fibre material after extraction of juice from sugar cane, is used as fuel in boiler to produce steam. Steam is used for generation of electric power and exhaust steam is used for evaporation of water in the juice. The flow diagram of sugar manufacturing process and a brief description of the process are given below in subsequent sections.

Process Description

➢ The Sugarcane Varieties Majority of the sugarcane produced in the following hybrid varieties: CO1148, CO 740, CO 671, CO 86032, CO 8011 and COS767.

➢ Harvesting Sugarcane is harvested in the fields, dressed in small bundles, stacked and transported in lorries, tractor, trailers or bullock carts.

➢ Delivery of Cane The factory takes delivery of the cane, either directly at the factory weighbridge or at auxiliary weighbridges serving at certain important or remote points in the area from which the mill draws its supplies.

➢ Unloading of Sugar Cane Modern unloading is adopted, mechanical un-loaders called 'crane' is used for unloading.

➢ Crushing of sugarcane Crushing takes place mainly in two stages, firstly preparation and then the milling. The prepared cane is then crushed by passing through four sets of mills. Hot water is added in the course of crushing as 'imbibition' water for better extraction of juice from the cane.

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After crushing, the bagasse is separated and used as fuel for boiler and the juice is sent for further processing.

Composition of sugarcane: Generally, composition of sugar cane is as under and varies with the region and ageing. Composition of sugarcane is given in Table 2.8.

Table - 2.8: Composition of sugarcane Sugar 10 to 15 % Water 65 to 75 % Fiber 11 to 15 % Organic Matter 3.5 to 4.0 %

➢ Purification of Juice: Clarification The weighed quantity of juice is primarily heated to 70ºC in juice heaters and then treated with lime solution. The juice is heated again to 102ºC in another set of juice heaters. The hot juice is then sent to clarifier.

➢ Settling Process Juice is treated with lime and heated, after liming & Heating, the treated juice is delivered to large cylindrical tank for settling of heavy precipitate complex called MUD. The design & concept of cylindrical tank is such type of that withdrawal of clear juice from top & settled Mud is drawn from bottom side.

➢ Treatment of Clarified Juice &Mud The clarified juice goes directly to the evaporators without further treatment. The Mud is filtered on Rotary drum vacuum filter, the filtered juice returns to the process, and the press cake is discarded or sent to the fields as fertilizer.

➢ Evaporation The clarified juice, contains about 85% water. Two third of this water is evaporated in vacuum multiple effects. The syrup leaves from last effect is about 65 % solids & 35 % water.

➢ Crystallization The syrup is then sent to pan floor for further concentration in vacuum pans. The syrup is collected in supply tanksand taken to pans for boiling where the syrup is concentrated and attains super saturation stage. In such a condition, sugar grains are formed in the syrup. The syrup mass with sugar particles is called massecuite. The massecuite is dropped in crystallizers and cooled to complete the crystallization process.

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➢ Centrifugation The massecuite is taken into the centrifugal machine. Sugar crystals are separated from mother liquor in highspeed centrifuge. Sugar thus separated is sent to driers. Non crystallisable matter from the syrup, called the molasses is drained out from centrifuge. The molasses is weighed and sent to storage tanks.

After centrifugation sugar is sent to drying where its moisture is lowered from 1.0-1.5% to 0.02- 0.04%, and posterior cooling, where its temperature is reduced up to 37-40 deg. C. Thus, raw sugar is obtained. This raw sugar is further refined to get refined sugar by dissolving in water and melting.

➢ Melting Process In the melting, the sugar is mixed with heated water and subjected to agitation, up to the formation of the sugar melt in the desired concentration. Next, this melt is sent to a filtration system in a manner to eliminate a portion of the impurities and after it is pumped to a decolorization system.

Clear melt is then passed through Deep Bed Filter to separate the minute scum particles carried along with the melt. The filtered melt coming out of the DBF is called fine liquor, which is sent to pan house for crystallization. In clarification, the color reduction from raw melt to fine liquor is about 80-100IU.

➢ Bagging The crystal sugar is bagged and stored in the godown.

➢ By Products In the sugar manufacturing process, there are two main byproducts produced known as Bagasse & Molasses.

Bagasse – The residue of milling or diffusing process, the woody fiber of cane, in which the residual juice and the moisture from the extraction process remain, is 'Bagasse'. The great majority of the Bagasse is supplied as fuel to the Boiler for generation of steam.

Molasses-The Final Molasses or black-strap a heavy, viscous material containing approximately 1/3rdsucrose, 1/5threducing sugars, and the remainder ash, organic non- sugars, and water, serves as a base for cattle feed, or in the manufacture of industrial alcohol and so on.

Schematic representation of sugar manufacturing process is in the Figure 2.8andflow chart for Co-generation is shown in Figure 2.9below

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Weighed Cane

Cane preparation PI 89 min

30% Bagasse with Boiler 50% Moisture Milling Tandem

Mixed juice-15000-25000 IU Phosphoric acid @30-40ppm TG pH 4.8-5.3 Color PPt @ 15-20 ppm food grade set inorganic ash 0.5% dextran 120-300 Phosphate content 250-300 ppm Vapour Juice Heating 700 C

Power to grid & Juice sulphitor home load Filtrate to treatment 12000-32000 IU MOL & SO2 gas

Sulphited juice heating 1020 C Food grade settling aid @ 2ppm Mud (Sediment) @ 10-12% Clarifier

Clear Juice 8000-12000 IU Mud to vacuum filter pH 6.9-7.1 Hot water Evaporator Syrup 8000-15000 IU Press mud @ 4% to manure Syrup sulphitation 6000-12000IU Sulphited syrup @pH 4.8-5.2

A pan boiling Powder seeding A light 250-700IU molasses A massecuite curing 6000-10000IU Godown Bagging sugar A Heavy molasses 16000-20000IU

B pan boiling 600-1200 IU B massecuite curing 18000-25000IU B Sugar Sugar melter B Heavy molasses 25000-50000IU

C pan boiling Distillery C light molasses C massecuite curing 25000-60000IU

Final molasses to steel storage C Magma tank 30000-80000 IU

Figure 2.8: Flow Chart for Sugar process

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Sugar mass balance- Existing and Proposed

Proposed Sugar Mass balance

Existing Sugar mass balance

NOTE: Material Balance based on the following 1. Bagasse Produced - 30% Cane Crushed 2. Sugar Produced - 12% Recovery 3. Pressmud Produced - 4% of Cane Crushed 4. Molasses Produced - 4% of Cane Crushed

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Figure 2.9: Flow Chart for Co-generation

2.7.1 (b) Process Description - Distillery Unit

The main process operations are in four steps, they are as under; 1. Dilution and yeast propagation - Preparation of molasses for fermentation 2. Fermentation - Production of alcohol from fermentable sugars in molasses 3. Distillation - Product Recovery 4. Ethanol production

Each of the above steps of production are detailed below:

1. Dilution and yeast propagation Molasses stored in storage tanks is first weighed in a tank with load cells so that accurate quantity can be fed to the fermentation section. The weighed molasses then transferred from tank to the diluter in fermentation section wherein it is diluted with water and fed to the Fermenter. Molasses will be procured from own sugar mill, M/s. Jamkhandi Sugars Ltd, Unit-I & Unit II will be main source of raw material.

C- Molasses contains solids between 76-90 % and sugar content varies between 45 and 50 %. B-heavy molasses contains solids between 80- 85 % and sugar content varies between 54 55%. Sugar cane Syrup contains 55-60 % of solids and sugar content varies between 48 and 52 %. The rest are reduced sugar (There is change in the configuration of the raw material used for the manufacture of alcohol i.e., C heavy, B heavy & sugarcane syrup will be used to produce the alcohol).

The main dilution operation occurs in a diluter wherein the solid concentration is brought down to 20 – 25 Brix. The bulk of this diluted molasses is fed to the fermentation tank

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 48 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED while a small quantity is further diluted to 10 – 15 Brix and used for preparation of the final yeast inoculum. Propagation of yeast for the final inoculation is done in successive stages in volumes of 10,100, 1000 and 10,000 litres where in each stage 10 parts of diluted molasses is inoculated with one part of yeast culture.

2. Fermentation Yeast seed material is prepared in water-cooled yeast vessels by inoculating molasses with yeast. The contents of the yeast vessel are then transferred to the yeast activation vessel. The purpose of aerated yeast activation vessel is to allow time for the yeast cell multiplication.

The purpose of fermentation is to convert the fermentable sugars into alcohol. During Fermentation, sucrose is converted into simplest organic compound (glucose and fructose)) by enzymes produced by yeast (SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE). Molasses contains 28-30 % sucrose, 10-15 % Glucose and Fructose and 20 % water significant heat release takes place during Fermentation. Fermentation temperature is maintained at 32 oC to 33 oC level by forced recirculation plate type heat exchangers.

Fermentation in the fermentation tank continues for about 15 to 20 hours after the final inoculum is added to it. The chemical reaction carried out for production of alcohol is-

Fermentation process in Fed batch mode is very feasible for the molasses having higher value of volatile acids by using culture yeast which offers the flexibility of running the process in Fed Batch. Inoculation of yeast culture is 20% filling of molasses is 13 hours; total fermentation period is 30 -32 hours. Residuals sugars are controlled at >1.60 to 1.80 to achieve the Alcohol yield of 10-11%.

In Fed batch fermentation there is increase in the alcohol recovery when compared to continuous and batch fermentation processes. The steam consumption will remain the same and generation of spent wash will be reduced by 2-3% by this process.

3. Multi Pressure Distillation: The fermentation wash containing Alcohol, non-fermentable solids and water is taken to distillation to separate the alcohol and other impurities, as a continuous flow. The distillation system is designed for quality ethanol. The system details are as below;

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The system consists of 7 columns, namely; • Degasifying column • Analyser column, • Pre-rectifier column, • Extraction column, • Rectification Column, • Refining Column, • Recovery column.

Process in each of the column is as under;

• Degasifying column Fermented wash fed to degasifying column where lower volatile impurities are exhausted by vacuum pump & bottom fermented wash goes to analyser column.

• Analyzer column Degasifying column bottom wash fed to Analyser column, the vapours of rectifier column drives this column. Fermented wash is completely stripped out at a top and spent wash is pumped out from the bottom.

• Pre-rectifier column Distillate containing 40 % alcohol from Analyser column along with additional fresh water as lees water is sent to pre-rectifier column. Rectified Spirit (RS) as distillate of 95%alcohol and spent lees of bottoms are taken out from this column. In case of ENA production, the RS along with lees or dilution water is sent to extraction column. This column is driven by live steam.

• Extraction column In extraction column most of the high boiling impurities separated from alcohol from top of this column in presence of water. The bottom mixture is pre-heated by stream condensate and spent lees before being fed to rectifier column. The bottom concentration of alcohol will be 10-15 %. This column is driven by pre-rectifier column vapours

• Rectification Column The aqueous alcohol is taken to rectification column. In this column, 95 % alcohol with purity 96.5 % V/V and spent lees water are separated as distillate and bottoms, respectively.

• Refining column 95 % alcohol recovered from rectification column is further distilled in refining column to remove low boiling impurities (mainly methanol). Extra Neutral alcohol with concentration 96.2 % is cooled and sent to storage tanks. This column is driven by pre-rectifier column

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• Recovery column The impure spirit from top vaporise of RS column, extraction column, rectifier column and refining column are taken to Recovery column. Impure spirit is recovered from Recovery column and balance alcohol is recycled to pre-rectifier column. This column is driven by flash steam from spent wash flash tank.

3. Manufacturing process for ethanol

Dehydration of RS to Anhydrous/fuel grade ethanol The manufacture of ethanol through molasses consists of following operations and process. Rectified spirit at Azeotropic concentration is pumped by a feed pump to the dehydration plant. The rectified spirit containing 95 % alcohol and 5 % water will first pass through feed economizer, then through a vaporizer cum super heater which will convert the rectified spirit feed to superheated vapours. The superheated vapour will pass through a sieve (Zeolite) column, which is already regenerated and pressurized to working pressure. All the water vapours present in vapour mixture are adsorbed in the column. The Anhydrous alcohol vapours free from water vapours exhausted from the column are duly condensed in the re-boiler at the recovery column and is further passed through feed economizer to preheat the incoming feed and then to a final product cooler. After saturation of sieve column with water, the flow will be shifted to the next sieve column, which is already regenerated and pressurized. After completion of dehydration cycle, the sieve column saturated with water is regenerated by evacuation of adsorbed water and alcohol i.e., Ethanol with 99.79 % purity. The evacuated vapours are condensed. The condensed mixture of alcohol and water is then fed to a recovery column, which enriches the stream back to azeotropic composition. This sequence of adsorption and regeneration of sieve column continues. Typical flow chart for manufacture of RS/ENA/ethanol based on molasses/Sugar syrup is given in Figure 2.10.

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Fresh water Molasses Recycle water

CO2 after Fermentation scrubber

Distillation RS/ENA/Ethanol

Raw spent wash Spent lees

Fresh water RO reject

WTP MEE Condensate

Concentration

Concentrated spent Condensate Cooling wash to incinerator Polishing tower boiler Unit

Boiler blow C/T blow down Treated CPU down Miscellaneous RO (ZLD) WTP rejects Recycle

RO reject to MEE Figure 2.10: Flow Chart for distillery process

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2.8 Project Description including Drawings showing Project Layout, components of Project giving information Important for EIA purpose 2.8.1 Project Description

The proposed project is expansion of integrated Sugar, Co-gen and Distillery complex. The expansion proposal is for increasing the sugar cane crushing capacity from 5,000 TCD to 11,500 TCD, Co-gen power plant capacity from 27 MW to 34 MW; and Distillery unit from 60 KLD to 150 KLD and captive power generation from 2.2 MW to 4.7 MW. The proposed expansion is within the complex.

The project is mainly agro based. The by-products generated during the process of sugar manufacturing are completely utilized for downstream products viz., bagasse used for power generation to be self-reliant on the power and supplying excess power to State grid; molasses is used for manufacture of Alcohol for industrial use, supply of Ethanol to petroleum companies for blending with petrol and Alcohol for portable purpose. Further, the wastes generated are also useful for farmers viz., press mud and yeast sludge for composting, ash generated from incinerator having high potash content is useful for land application. The treated sugar plant effluent is used for agriculture and the excess condensate is used for Sugar plant process requirement as well as for co-generation cooling tower. The concept of ZLD is adopted in the Distillery. Emphasis is given for water conservation, reuse and recycle.

Project Site Layout and components of the project showing the present and proposed additional facilities is in Figure 2.6 above. The industrial complex is in land alienated for industrial use by Govt. of Karnataka.

2.8.2 Topography

The terrain is almost flat, no hills in the surroundings. The factory is located towards north of Jamkhandi town. The area lying north of Jamkhandi is plain country with very gentle undulations and is covered by mantle of dark grey to black typical trap soil. The nature of the soil is highly clay and sticky when wet. There is a gradual depression from south to north resulting in a shallow valley cut by tributaries of River Krishna which flows from. N.W. to E.S.E. direction within the target area. The elevation of the area varies between 515 m to 653 m. The Krishna River forms the major drainage system flowing from W.N.W. to E.S.E. direction possibly due to gentle gradient of the ground the River has meandered with huge bends.

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2.9 Mitigation measures incorporated into the project to meet Environmental Standards, Environmental Operating Conditions or other EIA requirements (as required by the scope) 2.9.1. Water Environment and Management 2.9.1.1 Water Demand and Wastewater/Effluent Discharge;

The source of water for the industry is Krishna River. Industry has the permission to draw 1.5 cusecs (3670 KLD) of water from the River. The copy of permission letter dated 24.11.1995 is attached as Annexure 4.

2.9.1.2 Water Requirement for sugar plant:

Sugar cane contains 68 % of water. This water is recovered as condensate from various process operations. Total water that could be generated is 7820 M3/day. But there will be loss as water in the form of moisture content gets out through bagasse, pressmud, lime grit, vapour etc. the availability of water in sugar cane is given in below Table 2.9.

Table 2.9: Availability of water in sugar cane Water In Water out Quantity in m3/day Existing After Expansion 5000 TCD 11500 TCD Water Loss of Water through Bagasse 15 % on 750 1725 available cane from sugar Loss of Water through Press mud 2.8 % on 140 322 cane 68 % cane Loss of Water through F.M. 0.4% on cane 20 46 Loss of Water through Lime Grit 0.24% on 12 28 cane Loss of Water through vapour vent of Evap. 25 58 & Pans 0.5% Loss of Water through Clarifier flash 37 86 vapour 0.75% on cane Loss of Water through Cooling tower 1200 2760 evaporation 24% on cane Total loss 2184 5025 Surplus condensate water available 1220 2795 Total generation 3404 say 7820 3400

As could be seen that there will be enough water available after all the losses, the fresh water consumption in the Sugar plant is only at the startup. Fresh water is drawn for the boiler as it requires demineralized water and for domestic use. Thereafter excess condensate after primary treatment is used for various activities listed as under;

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2.9.1.3 Water requirement and wastewater generation for sugar and co-generation plant: Quantity of Water Consumption & Discharge for existing and proposed project and Comprehensive Water balance for the proposed expansion is as presented in Table 2.10.

Table 2.10: Quantity of water consumption and discharge for existing and proposed expansion, KLD for sugar unit and co-gen plant Sl. No. Proposed Particulars-11,500 TCD with 34 MWH Co-gen Water in KLD A WATER INTO SYSTEM A1 Fresh Water Usage (Source: River) 990 i DM Plant 500 ii Domestic Use 85 iii Laboratory 5 iv Co-Gen Cooling Tower 400

A2 Water from Sugarcane crushed @ 68% of 11,500 TCD 7820 TOTAL (A1 + A2) 8810 B WATER OUT OF SYSTEM B1 Domestic Sewage to Septic Tank 76.5 B2 To Effluent Treatment Plant 1030 i From Laboratory 5 ii Process Effluent from Sugar Plant 1025

B3 Water Sent to polishing Pond 575 i DM reject 400 ii Boiler Blowdown 100 iii CPU Treated water 75

B4 Losses 7128.5 i Vapour losses to atmosphere 780 ii Loss during domestic Useage 8.5 iii Vapour and drift loss from Process cooling tower 1085 iv Vapour and drift loss from Co-Gen cooling tower 1700 v Steam Losses at traps and vents 700 vi Water going along with bagasse 1725 vii Water going along with press mud 322 viii Loss of Water through F.M. 46 ix Loss of Water through Lime Grit 28 x Vapour loss at crystallization and centrifugation 305 xi Flash vapour loss at clarifier 86 xii Vapour loss at mill 343 TOTAL (B1 + B2 + B3+B4) 8810

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A. Water use and Wastewater Generation ton of cane crushed

The water consumption would be 0.4 m3/ton of cane crushed max (general standards under EP rules schedule 6-part b Serial no. 2.).

(i) Fresh water required in sugar plant and co-gen plant per ton of cane crushed is shown below; • Fresh water in sugar plant is nil • Fresh water for cooling and co-gen plant boiler = 900 KLD • Fresh water required in sugar plant and co-gen plant per ton of cane crushed = (900 X 1000)/ 11500 = 78.26 liter per ton of cane crushed

(ii) Waste water generation per ton of cane crushed in respect of Sugar plant effluent and the co-generation plant:

After expansion of cane crushing capacity is 11500 TCD, the effluent quantity treated in ETP is 1030 KLD and cooling tower over flow discharge is 1010 KLD. • Effluent generated per ton of cane crushed = (1030 X 1000)/ 11500 = 89.5 liter per ton of cane crushed

• Cooling tower overflow discharge per ton of cane crushed = (1010 X 1000)/11500 = 87.82 liter per ton of cane crushed

The above calculated values show that the effluent generated and cooling tower overflow discharged are within the prescribed standards.

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Sugar Mill (Water generated @68% of 11500 TCD Cane) 7820 KLD

Fresh Water Fresh Water 90 KLD 900 KLD

Domestic Laboratory CW to boiler 1000 KLD 85 KLD 5 KLD Losses at Mill Condenser 1320 KLD 2750 KLD 1320 KLD

400 KLD 500 KLD

1320 KLD 1320 KLD Steam to Turbines 4200 KLD Turbines 5520 KLD Co-Gen Boiler 5070 KLD 5520 KLD (Total Capacity : 230 TPH) Steam Lost in Process CW to boiler 700 KLD 3500 KLD Process 5620 KLD

6395 KLD TCW 2390 KLD 1125 KLD 800 KLD Process Cooling Excess Condensate 890 KLD CPU Losses Tower 2390 KLD 1900 KLD 885 KLD 2095 KLD 200 KLD 1500 KLD 400 KLD TCW 700 KLD Process Effluent Co-Gen Cooling Tower DM Plant 1025 KLD 1900 KLD TCW 1200 KLD 75 KLD Drift & Drift & vapour Losses Vapour Losses 1700 KLD 1085 KLD Boiler Blowdown DM Reject Cooling tower Bleed 100 KLD 400 KLD 200 KLD 76.5 KLD 5 KLD 1025 KLD

Septic Tank Effluent Treatment Plant Polishing Pond 76.5 KLD 1030 KLD Cooling tower Overflow 575 KLD 1010 KLD

Sent to Agricultural Use 1605 KLD TCW = Treated Condensate Water CPU = Condensate Polising Unit RO = Reverse Osmosis CW = Condensate Water KLD = Kilo Litre per Day TCD = Tons of Cane per Day Figure 2.11: Sugar and Co-gen water balance

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Table 2.11: Water Consumption for Distillery unit, in KLD (existing and after expansion) Sl. Particulars Existing 60 KLD Proposed expansion 90 KLD No. C Heavy B Heavy Cane C Heavy B Heavy Cane syrup syrup 1 Fresh water 360 360 156 540 540 234 2 Reuse from distillery CPU 580 382 463 865 568 559 3 Total water requirement 940 742 619 1405 1108 793

Table 2.12: Water use w.r.t /KL of alcohol produced Fresh water requirement in KLD Sl Total water KL/KL Description when raw material is No ethanol Molasses Cane juice KL 60 KLD C C Heavy + 90 360 + 540 = 1 231 + 347 = 578 - 6 KLD C Heavy 900 60 KLD B Heavy + 90 360 + 540 = 2 189 + 284 = 473 - 6 KLD B Heavy 900 60 KLD Cane syrup + 90 151 + 227 = 156 + 234 = 3 - 2.6 KLD Cane syrup 378 390

Table 2.13: Wastewater generation from Distillery unit Sl. Particulars Existing 60 KLD Proposed expansion 90 KLD No. C Heavy B Heavy Sugarcane C Heavy B Heavy Sugarcane Syrup Syrup 1 Raw spent wash 475 264 342 712 395 465 2 Concentrated spent wash 120 85 43 180 101 88 3 Spent lees 83 86 70 124 129 105 4 MEE condensate 429 231 347 643 346 372 5 Boiler blowdown 14 12 14 21 18 24 6 Cooling tower bleed 30 32 25 45 48 44 7 Miscellaneous 10 10 6 10 10 6

Table 2.14: Wastewater generation w.r.t /kl of alcohol produced Raw spent wash generation Conc. Spent wash Sl Description KL/KL KL/KL No KLD KLD ethanol ethanol 60 KLD C C Heavy + 90 475 + 712 = 120 + 180 1 7.9 2 KLD C Heavy 1187 = 300 60 KLD B Heavy + 90 264 + 395 = 85 + 101 2 4.39 1.24 KLD B Heavy 659 = 186 60 KLD Cane syrup + 342 + 465 = 43 + 88 = 3 5.38 0.87 90 KLD Cane syrup 807 131

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Existing - Material balance of C Heavy Molasses based distillery is shown in Figure 2.12,Proposed expansion - Material balance of C Heavy Molasses based distillery in Figure 2.13,Existing - Material balance of B Heavy Molasses based distillery is in Figure 2.14, Proposed expansion - Material balance of B Heavy Molasses based distillery shown in Figure 2.15, Existing - Material balance of sugarcane syrup based distillery is shown in Figure 2.16 and Proposed expansion - Material balance of sugarcane syrup based distillery 2.17.

Material Balance - C Heavy Molasses Based Distillery - 60 KLD

Domestic Fresh water 360 Green Belt 10 6kL/kL Ethanol 20

CO2 46 104 256 Ethanol DM Plant Process - 60 C Heavy Fermentation/ 467.8 Molasses Distillation Dilution 231 90 26 12

Spent wash Spent Lees Cooling Lab, Boiler 1200475 22583 Tower Washing

475 Blowdown Blowdown Lab, Condensate 14 30 Washing 429 MEE

14 10 Concentrated Spent Wash Reject 120 74

Incineration CPU Boiler 580 506

ALL VALUES IN KLD

Figure 2.12: Existing - Material balance of C Heavy Molasses based distillery

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Material Balance - C Heavy Molasses Based Distillery - 90 KLD

Domestic Fresh water 540 Green Belt 10 6kL/kL Ethanol 20

CO2 69 156 383 Ethanol DM Plant Process - 90 C Heavy Fermentation/ 731.3 Molasses Distillation Dilution 347 135 47 12

Spent wash Spent Lees Cooling Lab, Boiler 1200712 124225 Tower Washing

712 Blowdown Blowdown Lab, Condensate 21 45 Washing 643 MEE

21 10 Concentrated Spent Wash Reject 180 74

Incineration CPU Boiler 865 791

ALL VALUES IN KLD

Figure 2.13: Proposed expansion - Material balance of C Heavy Molasses based distillery

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Material Balance - B Heavy Molasses Based Distillery - 60 KLD

Domestic Fresh water 360 Green Belt 10 6kL/kL Ethanol 20

CO2 46 87 273 DM Plant B Heavy Ethanol Molasses Process - 60 189 Fermentation/ 297.1 Distillation Dilution 75 21 12 68 Spent wash Spent Lees Cooling Lab, Boiler Spentwash 1200332 22586 Tower Washing Recycle

264 Blowdown Blowdown Lab, Condensate 12 32 Washing 231 MEE

10 Concentrated 12 Spent Wash Reject 85 52

Incineration CPU Boiler 382 330

ALL VALUES IN KLD

Figure 2.14: Existing - Material balance of B Heavy Molasses based distillery

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Material Balance - B Heavy Molasses Based Distillery - 90 KLD

Domestic Fresh water 540 Green Belt 10 6kL/kL Ethanol 20

CO2 69 131 409 DM Plant B Heavy Ethanol Molasses Process - 90 284 Fermentation/ 464.6 Distillation Dilution 113 40 12 102 Spent wash Spent Lees Cooling Lab, Boiler Spentwash 1200498 129225 Tower Washing Recycle

395 Blowdown Blowdown Lab, Condensate 18 48 Washing 346 MEE

10 Concentrated 18 Spent Wash Reject 101 52

Incineration CPU Boiler 568 516

ALL VALUES IN KLD

Figure 2.15: Proposed expansion - Material balance of B Heavy Molasses based distillery

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Material Balance Sugarcane Syrup Based Distillery - 60 KLPD

Fresh Water 156 KLD Domestic Green Belt 2.60 kL/kL 10 20

Syrup 36 95 25 151 KLD Process - DM Plant Fermentation/ 273 Distillation 80 KL, 461 For dilution 100 115 7 SW Recyle Spent wash Cooling Lab, (10% solids) Spent Lees Boiler Tower Washing 390 KLD 70 KLD Lab, 342 Condensate Blow Down Blow Down Washing 347 14 KLD 25 KLD 6 KLD MEE 374

Concentrated SW 43

Incineration CPU Boiler 463 KLD 426 KLD

CPU Reject 32 KL

Figure 2.16: Existing - Material balance of sugarcane syrup based distillery

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Material Balance Sugarcane Syrup Based Distillery - 90 KLPD

Fresh Water 234 KLD Domestic Green Belt 2.60 kL/kL 10 20

160 Syrup 44 227 KLD Process - DM Plant Fermentation/ 345 Distillation For dilution 165 167 7 120 SW Spent wash Cooling Lab, Spent Lees Recyl (10% solids) Boiler Tower Washing e 585 KLD 105 KLD 465 Lab, Condensate Blow Down Blow Down Washing 372 24 KLD 44 KLD 6 KLD MEE 505

Concentrated SW 88

Incineration CPU Boiler 559 KLD 519 KLD

CPU Reject 40

Figure 2.17: Proposed expansion - Material balance of sugarcane syrup based distillery

2.9.1.4 Process Effluent Characteristics 2.9.1.4.1(A) Sugar Plant characteristics

Table 2.15 - Characteristics of the sugar plant effluent Sl. Parameters Process effluent, Co-gen plant Effluent No. (high BOD effluent) quality 1 pH 10 - 11 7.5 – 8 5.5 - 8.5 2 Dissolved solids (mg/L) 4000 1500 to 2500 2100 3 Suspended solids (mg/L) 250 - 300 100 – 200 100 4 BOD (mg/L) 2500 - 6000 < 100 100 5 COD (mg/L) 3000 - 13000 < 250 -

Regulatory requirement for Water use, Wastewater Generation and Air pollution control: I. The water consumption would be 0.4 m3/ton of cane crushed max (general standards under EP rules schedule 6-part b Serial no. 2.).

As per the Notification issued by MoEF & CC under EP Rules vide No G.S.R 35 (E) th dated14 January 2016 the final treated effluent discharge is restricted to 100 liter per ton

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 64 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED of cane crushed and Waste water from spray pond overflow or cooling tower blow down is restricted to 100 liter per ton of cane crushed. This mandatory requirement will be met.

II. Wastewater conservation and pollution control management 1. Establishment of cooling arrangement and polishing tank for recycling the excess 2. condensate water to process and utilities. 3. Effluent Treatment Plant to be stabilized one month prior to the start of the crushing season and continue to operate one month after the crushing season. 4. During no demand period for irrigation, the treated effluent to be stored in a seepage proof lined polishing pond having 15 days holding capacity is provided. 5. Flow meter is installed in all water abstraction points and usage of fresh water. 6. Bagfilter/ESP as Air pollution control devices installed to meet the particulate matter emission standard of less than 150 mg/Nm3.

2.9.1.4.1 (B) Distillery effluent characteristics

Stream-A: Spent Wash Molasses which is used as the main raw material in distillery contains large quantity of inorganic salts and non-fermentable organic matter as impurities. Spent wash contains about 18 % solids and is rich in organic matter. The characteristics of the spent wash are given in Table 2.16.

Table 2.16: Characteristics of Raw Spent Wash Sl. No. Parameter Value 1 pH 4 – 4.5 2 Total solids, mg/l 100000 - 110000 3 Volatile acids, mg/l 5000 to 6000 4 BOD, mg/l 50000 – 60000 5 COD, mg/l 100000 - 120000 6 Total nitrogen, mg/l 2500 – 3000 7 Potassium, mg/l 9000 - 11000 8 Sodium, mg/l 220 – 280 9 Phosphorous, mg/l 900 – 1100 10 Sulphate, mg/l 2800 – 3200 11 Chloride, mg/l 5700 - 6100

Apart from spent wash there will be other effluents viz., spent lees, boiler blow down, condensate from evaporator, cooling tower bleed it will be segregated and treated separately.

Stream – B: Miscellaneous Effluents comprise of spent Lees and condensate, Stream - C: RO effluent includes WTP backwash, boiler blow down, cooling tower blow down & CPU backwash and

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Stream – D: Domestic effluent

Table 2.17: Characteristics of effluents Sl. Parameter Miscellaneous RO effluent Domestic effluent No (Stream B) (Stream C) (Stream D) 1 pH 3.0- 4.0 7-7.4 7.2- 8.0 2 Total dissolved solids, 300-400 1500-2000 488 mg/l 3 Suspended solids, mg/l 50-100 50-100 175 4 COD, mg/l 1500-2500 180-220 360 5 BOD, mg/l 700-1200 60-80 260 6 Chloride, mg/l 50-60 200-300 75 7 Sulphate, mg/l 25-30 100-150 10

Table 2.18: Spent Wash and Spent lees Storage Tanks Sl. Material of construction Particulars Existing capacity, m3 No. Spent wash RCC with 250 micro 1 2500 storage tank HDPE sheet Spent lees S S 304 tank 2 Rectified in MEE feed tank storage tank

2.9.1.5 Description of wastewater treatment scheme &effluent treatment process 2.9.1.5.1 Sugar unit effluent treatment plant process

The sugar plant effluent is mainly from the spray pond over flow, effluents from the process condensate due to leakages, co-generation plant cooling tower bleed and the boiler blow down etc. The existing treatment plant has a capacity to treat 1000 KLD of effluent. The flow sheet of the ETP is in Figure 2.18.

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MONTHLY WASH EXISTING PROPOSED MONTHLY PRE-TREATMENT WASHING TANK TANK

PUMP 7.5 HP FLOATING

AERATOR IRRIGATION POLIS SLUDGE EFFLUENT OIL & PRIMARY SECONDARY SECONDARY TO EQUALISATION PRIMARY HING DRYING R R AERATION CLARIFIER FROM FACTORY GREASE AERATION CLARIFIER GRIT POND TRAP SIZE TANK TANK SIZE BEEDS

TANK SIZE SIZE SEPERATO

FILTRATE UASB SUMP DIGISTOR PUMP PUMP

PUMP PUMP

BUFFER TANK SIZE SLUDGE SLUDGE SUMP SUMP

PUMP PUMP PUMP PUMP PUMP

Figure 2.18: Effluent Treatment Plant Flow Chart

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Effluent treatment plant process comprises of primary treatment and secondary treatment. Primary treatment comprises of screen chamber, oil& grease trap, equalization tank and anaerobic digester. The bio-methanated effluent is further treated in two stage activated sludge process. Bio-digester is recently installed to make the ETP adequate for the expanded capacity, which will be take care. A separate monthly wash water tank is provided to hold the plant cleaning effluent and taken for treatment once the plant restarts.

Over the period of time as the effluent quantity is reduced because of effective reuse and recycle system as such existing ETP is adequate to treat the effluent to the standard prescribed by the KSPCB. The sizes of the ETP and the mechanical equipment are shown below: Units and its dimensions Sl. No. Units Capacity in m3 01 Grit chamber 2.16 02 Oil Grease trap 34.68 03 Monthly tank 1000 04 Equalization tank 300 05 Bio-digester 168 06 Primary aeration tank 776 07 Primary clarifier 143 08 Secondary aeration tank 348 09 Secondary clarifier 143 10 Polishing pond 1620 11 Sludge drying beds 06 nos.

ETP equipment details Sl. Particular Capacity No. 1 Pumps for Equalization tank KW/HP - 3.7/5 RPM – 1430 Type - SP3L+ Head - 10-18 m, Capacity - 45m3/h, HP floating aerator – 01 Nos 2 Pumps for Monthly tank: KW/HP - 11.25/15 RPM – 1440 Head – 30 m Capacity – 50 m3/h 3 Primary aeration tank: KW/HP - 15/20 RPM - 1460 Ratio - 20:1 Make - Greaves

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Surface aerator - 02 Nos 4 Primary clarifier stirrer: KW/HP - 0.75/1.0 RPM - 960 Ratio - 20:1 Make - Greaves 5 Secondary aeration tank: KW/HP - 9.3/15 RPM - 1460 Ratio - 20:1 Make - Greaves Surface aerator - 1 Nos 6 Secondary clarifier stirrer: KW/HP - 0.75/1.0 RPM - 960 Ratio - 20:1 Make - Greaves 7 Polishing pond pumps: KW/HP - 9.3/15 RPM - 1460 Capacity - 50 m3/h

2.9.1.5.2 Distillery ETP flow sheet and CPU

The spent wash from the distillery is concentrated in MEE and incinerated. The distillery plant is operating on Zero liquid Discharge (ZLD) principle. During the expansion the same principle of treatment will be followed, MEE having five effects evaporation will be upgraded to concentrate 800 TPD of spent wash at 16 Brix to concentrate to 60 Brix will be added.

Distillery is having a 22 TPH capacity incinerator boiler with stack height of 80m AGL andBag filter as APC measures. Inthe proposed expansion, additional 23 TPH incineration boiler is proposed. This boiler will be provided with ESP as APC equipment and the emission will be connected to the existing 80 m chimney.

During the process of concentration of spent wash condensate will be generated this will be collected mixed with spent lees and treated in the condensate polishing unit (CPU) comprising of three stage RO. The treated permeate will be reused in cooling tower water makeup and for molasses dilution. The RO rejects will be taken back to MEE.

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CONDENSATE POLISHING UNIT (CPU) CAPACITY - 15 M3

Cooling Tower Make Up Fermentation 3rd RO Feed Equilisation Tank 2nd RO Product 3rd RO Product 3 Reject Tank MEE Tank Cap-200 M3 Cap-200 M3 Cap - 200 M Cap - 200 M3

Product P 3rd RO Reject P Rej 2nd RO

Caustiiclye Rej Hp/kw-5/3.7 Dosing 1st RO Rpm-2900

P Hp/kw-5/3.7 Rpm-2900 P P

MGF Tank MGF ACF 2nd RO feed Cap-200 M3 Tank Cap- 1st RO feed tank 200 M3 Product

Figure 2.19: Condensate Polishing unit flow Chart

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2.9.1.5.3 Photographs of the ETP

Digester of Sugar Plant Aeration Tank Sugar plant

Clarifier Sugar plant Condensate Polishing unit Sugar

Figure 2.19 (a): Photographs of Sugar plant ETP

Figure 2.20 (a): Photographs Sugar plant ETP and CPU in Sugar plant

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Figure 2.20 (b): Photographs of the CPU in distillery

2.20 (c): Photographs of spent wash storage tank

2.9.1.5.4 Online Monitoring of Effluents

• Recording type flow meters for the effluent stream is provided • For monitoring the quality of treated effluent online monitors for pH, suspended solids, COD and BOD is provided and connected to CPCB & KSPCB portal.

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Figure 2.21: Online monitoring system of ETP

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2.9.1.5.5 Treated Effluent Online Monitoring Photos

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2.9.2 Air Environment and Management 2.9.2.1 Air Pollution Sources – Existing Sugar Plant and Distillery unit

The major source of emission is from boilers and DG sets. The industry is presently operating 02 boilers at sugar plant, each of capacity 70 TPH & 90 TPH and incineration boilers at Distillery unit of capacity 22 TPH. The steam for the distillery is drawn from the sugar plant boiler at present. During expansion 70 TPH boiler will be installed at sugar unit and additional 23TPH incineration boiler will be installed at distillery unit, which includes MEE.

DG set of 725 kVA is operating in the sugar plant; there is no proposal for additional DG set at distillery. APC measures are adequate to disperse the pollutant.

2.9.2.2 Air Pollution Sources – Proposed expansion

The additional 23 TPH incineration boiler is proposed for distillery during expansion. Concentrated spent wash with Bagasse/Coal will be used as fuel. The ratio would be 65:35 Spent wash to Bagasse or 70:30 spent wash to coal.

2.9.2.3 Air Pollution Control Measures- Existing and Proposed

The air pollution source and control measures are given below Table 2.19.

Table 2.19: Air Pollution Sources and control measures Stack Remarks APC system Source of Air height Stack Type of Fuel provided/ pollution in m AGL proposed

Boiler Stack Details 1 90 TPH Boiler Bagasse 90 ESP Existing (Co-gen) 2 70 TPH Boiler Bagasse 56 Wet scrubber Existing (Sugar) 3 70 TPH Boiler Bagasse 56 ESP Proposed (Sugar) expansion 4 22 TPH Concentrated spent 80, Bag filter Existing incinerator wash and coal common 5 23 TPH Concentrated spent Chimney ESP Proposed incinerator wash and coal expansion DG Set Details 1 720 kVA HSD 20 Stack and Acoustic Existing enclosure

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2.9.3 Noise Environment and Management

The major sources of noise pollution in the industry are steam turbine, fans and blowers and DG sets. The noise levels will be within the stipulated level in the work zone. In addition, power plant also contributes to noise. To control noise, the turbine building is provided with acoustic enclosure. At the locations of turbines, compressors, fans etc., the sound intensity generally exceeds the limit. Necessary measures proposed to reduce the sound intensity are;

• The workers engaged in such locations are provided with ear muffs. • Inbuilt design of mechanical equipment viz., silencers, dampers, suitable foundations for the equipment • Vegetation (tree plantation) along the periphery and at various vacant locations within the industry premises.

2.9.4 Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Waste Generation and Management

Only used oil from the DG Set and oil-soaked cotton waste are the hazardous waste generation from the industry. The hazardous waste is being disposed to KSPCB Authorized agencies. The quantity and disposal details are given in Table 2.20.

Table 2.20: Hazardous Waste Management Waste Hazardous waste Quantity Method of handling category generated Existing After expansion 5.1 Used Spent Oil 0.9 KLPA 0.9 KLPA Stored in secure manner 5.2 Wastes residues 0.2 MT/A 0.2 MT/A and disposed to KSPCB containing oil authorized agencies

2.9.4.1 Non- Hazardous Solid Waste Generation and Management

The solid wastes or by-products produced in sugar industry such as bagasse, press mud and molasses are made use as valuable resources. Other solid wastes in the industry are boiler ash, lime sludge and ETP sludge. The solid wastes generated from different operations are given below said Table 2.21.

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Table 2.21: Solid wastes management Sl. Quantity in MT/month Solid Waste Disposal No. Existing After expansion Used as fuel for captive power 1 Bagasse 4500 103500 generation in boiler. 2 Press mud 6000 13800 Given to farmers to use as manure 3 Yeast Sludge 190 300 4 Bottom crate ash 104 136 Given to farmers for soil conditioning and filler for brick 5 Dry Ash 420 550 manufacturer Dried Sludge is used as manure for 6 ETP Sludge 2 4 green belt

• Domestic solid waste (garbage trash/ garden litters) will be segregated in to organic waste and in-organic waste. Organic waste is composted and in-organic waste is given to outside agency. • Any other solid waste generated from the facility will be disposed of by using proper disposal mechanism.

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CHAPTER 3

DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

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CHAPTER 3

DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ______

3.0 Introduction

Any activity will have its influence on the environmental attributes. The influence due to the project depends on various factors such as the nature of the project, its size, measures taken to control the emissions and effluents, surrounding environmental settings etc. As per the Terms of Reference given by MoEF & CC 10 km around the project site is considered for the study of baseline conditions which are described with respect to climate, hydro geological aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, vegetation pattern, ecology, socio economic profile, land use, and places of archaeological importance.

The baseline studies are carried out post monsoon between December 2019, January 2020 and February 2020 covering various domains of environment.

The data is collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary source data were collected through environmental monitoring and survey of the study area. For reconnaissance survey the sampling locations were identified based on:

• Existing topography and meteorological conditions • Locations of water bodies • Location of human habilitation and other sensitive areas present in the vicinity of the proposed project site • Wind rose diagrams • Representative areas for baseline conditions • Accessibility for sampling

3.1 Study Area, Period, Components & Methodology 3.1.1 Study Area

An area, covering 10 km radial distance around the project site is considered as the study area for conducting baseline studies as per the Terms of Reference issued by MoEF & CC.

3.1.2 Study Period

Baseline study in this Environmental Impact Assessment report was conducted for a period of three months viz., December 2019, January 2020 and February 2020.

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3.1.3 Environmental Components

The following environmental attributes related to the study area are considered for environmental study to ascertain the baseline status. Survey of flora & fauna in the surroundings & demographic pattern of the survey area were also studied. Using the baseline status, the impact due to project and plan for mitigation is arrived. a. Meteorology b. Air Environment c. Noise Environment d. Water Environment e. Land Environment f. Socio-economic Environment g. Ecology and bio-diversity

3.1.3.1 Meteorological data

Meteorological data is obtained from secondary source India Meteorological Department (IMD) and Air modeling studies carried out using AERMOD dispersion model, U.S. EPA Lakes Environmental Software.

3.1.3.1.1 Climatic data from secondary sources

The climate of the Bagalkot district as a whole can be termed as semi-arid. The variation in the maximum temperature during the year ranges from 29.9o C to 37.9oC and minimum from 15o C to 23.6o C. The district experiences pleasant winters and hot dry summers. The hot season extends from March to May, during which the daily maximum temperature often shoots up to 38o C. Agro-climatologically of the district can be divided into three zones i.e., high rainfall “Hilly zone”, “northern transitional zone” and “northern dry zone” from southwest to northeast respectively. The annual rain fall of the district is 259 mm.

3.1.3.2 Air Environment

The test method/protocol followed for analysis is in Table 3.0.

Table 3.0: Ambient Air Quality analysis (IS: 5182 (Part 14)) Parameter Unit Test Method/Protocol 3 PM2.5 µg/m EA/0001; Gravimetric – TOEM – Beta attenuation. 3 PM10 µg/m IS :5182 (Part-23); Gravimetric – TOEM – Beta attenuation. 3 NOx µg/m IS :5182(Part-6) (RA 2012); Modified Jacob and Hocheiser (Na- Arsenate) 3 SO2 µg/m IS :5182 (Part-2) (RA 2006); Improved West and Gaeke. Lead (Pb) µg/m3 AAS/ICP method of sampling on EPM 2000 – ED-XRF using Teflon filter. CPCB Manual

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CO mg/m3 Non-Dispersive Infra-Red (NDIR) spectroscopy. 3 rd NH3 µg/m Methods of air sampling and analysis 3 Edition Part-2 (401), - Chemiluminescence-indophenol blue method. 3 rd Ozone (O3) µg/m Methods of air sampling and analysis 3 Edition Part-2 (411); UV photometric – Chemiluminescence’s – Chemical Method.

3.1.3.3 Noise Environment

Noise Level measurements were carried out in the study area at each sampling locations during the night and day, following the “Protocol for Ambient Noise level Monitoring” published by CPCB using noise level measuring meter.

3.1.3.4 Water Environment

The representative sampling locations for ground water and surface water are chosen through reconnaissance survey of project area to determine the pre-project status of the water quality in the study area following Water quality analysis method : APHA 23rd Edition: IS 3025 (Part :54, Part: 37, Part:52, Part: 44, Part:58, Part:55).

3.1.3.5 Land Environment

The land-use data in the study area is captured by field visit and satellite imagery map. The statistical data of different land use in Jamkhandi Taluk of Bagalkot District is collated from District Statistic Survey. Land use pattern in 10 km radius is classified using satellite imagery.

3.1.3.6 Economic Environment

The baseline data referring to the socio-economic environment is collected by survey in villages around the industry and from secondary sources such as census records, statistical hand book and relevant official records with the government agencies and primary sources such as the socio-economic surveys conducted by different Govt. & Non-Govt. Agencies.

3.1.3.7 Ecology and Bio-diversity

Ecological survey of the study area was carried out by field visits to observe the various species of flora and fauna. Personal enquiries/discussion with local people was also conducted to get a fair idea of the existing ecological status. The secondary data is collected from Forest Department.

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3.1.3.8 Soil Environment

Undisturbed top soil samples were collected manually using the soil sampler. Samples were collected 15 cm below the surface. To understand the soil quality of the study area, analysis was conducted by making suspension of soil sample and analyses were carried out by following IS 2720 and “Standard Methods” as per APHA procedure.

3.1.4 Methodology

Baseline environmental studies were conducted to know the status of various environmental attributes, viz. climatic and atmospheric conditions, air, water, noise, soil, land use pattern, ecological, socio economic environment. The studies included, conducting field studies, monitoring and analyzing various parameters that might be affected due to the expansion and conducting socio-economic survey among the people. Secondary data was collected from State/Central Government organizations and semi- Government.

Methodology used for conducting the monitoring and analysis of ambient air quality is as per the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The other attributes are monitored using standard sampling procedures and analyzed as per the American Public Health Publication and Manual Published by CPCB. Monitoring and analysis is carried out through NABL accredited laboratory, M/s. Shri Krishna Aqua Engineering Works, Hubli. Samrakshan, Bangalore has engaged this laboratory for baseline monitoring purpose. Details of methodology for all the monitored attributes are explained as under;

3.2 Establishment of Baseline for Relevant Environmental Components

The establishment of baseline environmental status for the relevant environmental components forms the basis for evaluation of impacts due to the proposed project. The baseline status is established through study of various environmental components in the impact zone of 10 km radius. The study is carried out following the methodology as detailed in 3.1.4 above.

3.2.1 Meteorological data

Assessment of the micro and macro meteorology is important from the standpoint of understanding the nature and extent of air pollution in the study area. Climate has an important role in the build-up of pollution levels. The climatic condition of the area may be classified as moderate or seasonally dry, tropical or temperate savanna climate with four seasons in a year. Winter is critical for air pollution build-up because of frequent calm conditions with temperature inversions resulting in poor atmospheric mixing and emission loads.

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The classification of months according to the seasons is given as under;

Season Period Summer March to May Monsoon June to September Post monsoon October to November Winter December to February

The metrological data reflecting minimum, maximum temperature in 0C, relative humidity in %, rainfall in mm/h, wind speed in m/s, mixing height in m, cloud cover in tenths and atmospheric pressure in mbar for the year 2018 obtained from IMDis been inTable 3.1 and mixing height of the study area is shown below Table 3.1.

Table 3.1: Meteorological data of Bagalkot for the year 2018 Month MAX MIN MRF RHI RHII SLPI SLPII January NA NA NA NA NA NA NA February 32.6 15.0 1.3 63 48 955.3 951.9 March 36.1 19.4 0.0 70 39 953.1 948.9 April 37.7 22.7 3.7 76 55 951.7 947.0 May 37.9 23.6 48.5 79 59 950.1 945.5 June 33.0 22.0 67.0 80 71 947.8 944.6 July 30.4 21.3 1.6 82 72 947.8 945.6 August 29.9 20.8 65.8 81 71 949.0 946.6 September 31.7 19.9 65.4 80 60 952.1 948.3 October 32.5 19.0 6.4 67 47 954.5 950.5 November 31.8 18.3 0.0 66 47 955.6 952.2 December NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

Source: IMD Legend: Max: Monthly mean maximum temperature in Deg. Celsius Min: Monthly mean minimum temperature in Deg. Celsius MRF: Monthly total rainfall in mm RHI: Monthly mean relative humidity at 8.30 hrs ISTIN % RHII: Monthly mean relative humidity at 17.30 hrs ISTIN % SLPI: Monthly mean station level pressure at 8.30 hrs ISTIN mb SLPII: Monthly mean station level pressure at 17.30 hrs ISTIN mb NA: Data not available

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Mixing height at study area Month Rural Mixing Height (m) Stability Class Minimum Maximum Minimum Maximum January 5.1 3211 1 7 February 12.1 4000 1 7 March 0 4000 1 7 April 1.2 3490 1 7 May 2.8 3973 1 7 June 5.6 4000 1 6 July 107.7 4000 1 6 August 63.1 4000 1 6 September 2.7 4000 1 6 October 0.2 3514 1 7 November 14.6 4000 1 7 December 6 4000 1 7 Source:India Meteorological Department (IMD)

3.2.2 Baseline Monitoring 3.2.2.1 Locations for proposed data collection

Environmental parameters, number of location and source of data for proposed baseline study is given in Table 3.2

Table 3.2: Locations for Baseline monitoring Environmental Locations for proposed Source Parameters data collection Air Quality 9 locations Primary Meteorology 1 location Secondary data Water Ground water - 7 locations Primary Surface water – 3 location Soil 8 locations Primary Noise 9 locations Primary Ecology Study Area Primary and Secondary Geology and Hydrology Study Area Primary and Secondary Land use Study area Primary and Secondary Socio-Economic Study Area Primary and Secondary

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3.2.2.2 Parameters identified and sampling frequency for different Environmental Components

Environment Parameter Frequency Method Aspect

Ambient Air PM10, PM2.5, SO2& NOx, CO, O3 9 Locations PM10, PM2.5: Gravimetric method, SO2: Modified West and

Quality 24 hours for 3 months Gaeke method (IS: 5182, Part II)&NOx: Jacobs and Hochheiser method (IS 5182 Part VI) Water Quality pH, EC, Total alkalinity, Chlorides, • Surface water 3 Physical, chemical & bacteriological as per APHA and Manual Hardness, Ca, Mg, TDS, DO, COD, location Published by CPCB BOD, Sulphate, Na, K, Phosphate, • Ground water 7 Cu, Fe, Total coliform &E.coli locations, 1 months Noise Quality Noise levels in dB(A) 9 locations IS: 9989-1981 (Reaffirmed 2001) as adopted by CPCB 1 months Soil Quality Physical, Chemical Characteristics, 8 locations Lab standard operating procedures and department of Soil Texture 1 months agriculture and cooperation ministry of agriculture Govt. of India, New Delhi

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3.3 Air Environment

The baseline air quality was established by monitoring major air pollutants like particulate matter, oxides of sulfur & nitrogen at selected locations study area. The locations are decided based on the wind rose diagram of the area.

AAQ monitoring samplers are used for ambient air sampling Particulate Matter (PM) i.e.

PM2.5 & PM10, Sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx)and CO. Samples were collected continuously from all the stations for 24 hours for two consecutive days in a week for three months.

Baseline data for ambient air quality was collected during the month of December 2019, January 2020 and February 2020. The sampling stations along with their distance and direction from the project site, ambient air quality monitoring stations, wind rose diagram showing the direction of the blowing wind during the analysis period, ambient air quality analysis data & National Ambient Air Quality Standards specified by MoEF&CC are detailed subsequently.

The observations made during the study period are presented under the forthcoming sub- sections. The Ambient air sampling stations details are shown in the Table 3.3.

Table 3.3: Location of ambient air quality monitoring sampling stations Name of the station Distance from Direction Ambient air quality the site(km) from site monitoring station code Plant area 1 - - AAQ 1 Plant area 2 - - AAQ 2 Administrative Office - - AAQ 3 Town Ship - - AAQ 4 Hirepadasalgi 2.5 SW AAQ 5 Adihudihatti 3.27 NW AAQ 6 Naganur 2.18 SE AAQ 7 Todalbagi 3.19 NE AAQ 8 Takkalaki 5.92 SW AAQ 9

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Figure 3.0: Location of ambient air quality monitoring sampling stations

Figure 3.1: Baseline ambient air quality monitoring photographs

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3.3.1 Wind rose diagram

March – May 2018 June to September 2018

October to November 2018 December 2018 to February 2019

Annual

Figure 3.2: Wind Rose diagram of study area

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Table 3.4: Description of wind speed and direction of the study area Predominant wind Calm Average wind Month direction speed % speed m/s March to May South West 10.01 2.76 June to September South West 0.34 4.44 October to November North East 7.99 3.01 December to February North East 11.76 2.39 Annual North East to South west 6.87 3.27

3.3.2 Ambient Air Quality at the Project Site and Other Locations:

Ambient air quality analysis was conducted at 9 locations from December 2019, January 2020 and February 2020. The Air quality data analysis at the project site and other locations is tabulated in Table 3.5. Average, maximum, minimum and 98th percentile values of AAQM and comparison of baseline values with Ambient air quality standards prescribed in Environment protection Rules 1986, as per the notification dated 16th November 2009 for industrial, residential & rural areas is shown Table 3.6 below.

Table 3.5: Air quality data analysis at all locations (December 2019, January 2020 and February 2020) all values in µg/m3 except Co, which is in mg/m3 Sl. Parameter Month Monitoring

No. Dates PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO 02.12.2019 66.8 28.7 15.6 25.6 1.0 05.12.2019 43.6 22.4 16.7 30.5 2.6 08.12.2019 69.5 36.5 20.7 36.5 2.5 Dec-19 11.12.2019 69.3 32.5 19.5 35.6 2.5 16.12.2019 69.5 33.1 19.2 29.5 2.2 19.12.2019 68.2 29.7 19.5 29.5 1.8 22.12.2019 68.3 30.7 18.5 32.5 2.2 27.12.2019 69.3 33.4 18.9 32.6 2.3 02.01.2020 61.4 27.4 15.9 29.5 1.0 1 Plant area 1 Jan-2020 06.01.2020 65.7 30.3 19.5 32.1 1.5 09.01.2020 69.9 35.7 15.9 32.6 2.7

13.01.2020 68.3 32.1 15.9 33.9 2.4 16.01.2020 73.6 33.9 16.1 36.7 2.4 20.01.2020 69.1 33.7 17.3 37.3 2.3 23.01.2020 74.4 32.6 15.8 36.9 2.7 27.01.2020 73.5 30.3 15.5 36.8 2.7 01.02.2020 63.8 25.9 14.8 30.7 2.5 04.02.2020 69.5 29.7 16.3 32.6 2.7 10.02.2020 68.7 29.6 18.2 32.5 2.7 Feb-2020 13.02.2020 73.5 33.4 15.2 31.7 2.8

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16.02.2020 72.1 33.5 16.6 28.5 2.5 19.02.2020 75.9 34.5 18.2 29.5 2.5 24.02.2020 75.5 36.3 18.5 31.4 2.7 27.02.2020 74.4 33.6 17.3 28.2 2.2 02.12.2019 68.3 29.3 14.7 26.8 2.0 05.12.2019 39.7 27.9 15.7 35.4 1.7 08.12.2019 73.9 34.5 22.9 29.8 2.1 Dec-19 11.12.2019 72.1 34.1 27.4 34.2 2.2 16.12.2019 70.6 31.7 18.9 30.2 1.9 19.12.2019 72.9 30.7 21.4 32.5 2.1 22.12.2019 70.2 31.3 15.9 25.8 1.8 27.12.2019 72.1 35.1 16.7 30.5 1.9 Plant area 2 02.01.2020 65.3 31.5 19.2 28.4 1.5 2 06.01.2020 72.5 33.7 18.5 30.7 2.0 09.01.2020 70.3 29.4 16.9 33.9 2.9 Jan-2020 13.01.2020 70.6 34.2 14.9 35.7 2.2 16.01.2020 71.5 34.2 14.7 38.3 2.6 20.01.2020 71.9 35.9 15.8 38.2 2.5 23.01.2020 72.2 33.4 18.2 34.7 2.3 27.01.2020 72.7 32.4 14.9 38.3 2.3 01.02.2020 66.4 30.8 17.6 27.5 2.0 04.02.2020 71.5 32.3 15.8 30.7 2.3 10.02.2020 72.3 32.4 19.6 28.3 2.8 Feb-2020 13.02.2020 72.8 30.1 16.7 32.3 2.7 16.02.2020 70.4 31.4 17.5 26.5 2.2 19.02.2020 71.8 33.9 17.3 27.2 2.1 24.02.2020 72.5 32.6 16.8 29.5 2.4 27.02.2020 68.5 31.4 15.5 26.2 2.4 02.12.2019 70.4 31.2 13.9 25.8 1.0 05.12.2019 48.6 30.5 16.2 32.9 2.6 08.12.2019 72.4 33.9 19.8 32.9 2.2 Dec-19 11.12.2019 75.3 35.2 21.9 28.9 1.9 16.12.2019 68.8 32.3 14.8 27.9 2.6 19.12.2019 73.5 31.4 18.9 30.2 2.3 22.12.2019 69.9 32.3 17.9 31.5 2.3 27.12.2019 73.4 30.7 19.2 31.8 1.5 02.01.2020 63.3 29.6 20.1 30.6 1.0 06.01.2020 65.8 27.2 17.3 31.4 2.0 3 Administrative 09.01.2020 68.2 28.5 15.6 35.8 1.6 Office Jan-2020 13.01.2020 69.5 27.2 14.5 36.3 2.0 16.01.2020 69.9 31.3 14.4 37.1 2.2 20.01.2020 72.5 31.4 15.1 39.2 2.2

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23.01.2020 70.7 29.8 17.3 32.3 1.8 27.01.2020 70.6 28.4 13.5 37.4 1.9 01.02.2020 67.3 30.7 15.9 27.6 2.5 04.02.2020 68.4 33.1 16.7 29.7 2.4 10.02.2020 71.1 31.7 20.9 27.2 2.4 13.02.2020 68.8 29.9 17.3 33.3 2.4 Feb-2020 16.02.2020 67.3 27.2 18.5 25.9 2.2 19.02.2020 69.7 30.2 15.5 25.9 2.5 24.02.2020 73.9 33.3 17.7 24.6 2.6 27.02.2020 74.4 33.6 17.3 28.2 2.2 03.12.2019 41.1 22.7 16.5 31.5 1.9 06.12.2019 42.8 23.5 17.8 32.5 2.1 09.12.2019 40.2 23.5 18.5 22.9 1.4 12.12.2019 40.9 22.9 17.2 25.2 2.1 Dec-19 17.12.2019 42.3 23.8 16.9 19.5 1.9 20.12.2019 40.5 23.5 16.9 25.6 2.2 23.12.2019 40.2 23.5 17.5 22.9 1.9 28.12.2019 42.5 23.9 16.9 20.1 2.1 03.01.2020 51.7 22.1 15.9 22.9 2.0 07.01.2020 59.5 23.9 13.4 22.9 2.0 10.01.2020 54.6 21.7 13.8 20.8 1.1

Jan-2020 14.01.2020 58.3 19.9 11.7 25.2 1.3 4 Township 17.01.2020 60.6 24.2 12.5 19.8 1.8 21.01.2020 52.6 21.5 15.6 25.2 1.8 24.01.2020 53.9 25.7 12.2 19.7 1.7 28.01.2020 57.3 22.6 13.1 23.5 1.4 02.02.2020 55.4 26.2 14.7 23.5 1.0 05.02.2020 58.2 27.3 15.1 19.6 1.3 11.02.2020 49.3 22.1 12.3 18.7 1.1 14.02.2020 61.6 29.5 16.7 21.2 1.7 Feb-2020 17.02.2020 45.8 20.9 11.7 17.4 1.5 20.02.2020 58.3 24.5 14.4 19.5 1.4 25.02.2020 41.5 19.7 10.5 15.5 1.0 28.02.2020 52.3 19.7 12.3 15.9 1.2 03.12.2019 52.7 26.9 14.8 29.7 2.3 06.12.2019 50.2 25.2 16.9 30.2 1.9 09.12.2019 51.2 26.5 16.9 19.8 1.9 12.12.2019 51.5 25.6 16.3 23.9 1.9 Dec-19 17.12.2019 50.2 28.5 16.7 26.2 2.0 20.12.2019 48.5 25.6 15.7 24.3 1.9 23.12.2019 49.5 26.9 16.8 21.4 2.1 28.12.2019 50.2 27.5 15.8 19.7 1.9

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03.01.2020 58.3 23.5 16.9 24.5 2.0 07.01.2020 60.6 19.7 15.2 25.6 1.5 10.01.2020 52.9 22.1 15.9 24.7 1.4 5 Hirepadasalgi Jan-2020 14.01.2020 60.6 21.4 12.4 21.7 1.7 17.01.2020 63.3 25.5 13.7 23.5 1.7 21.01.2020 54.7 25.2 16.8 21.7 1.9 24.01.2020 54.8 22.8 13.6 21.4 2.0 28.01.2020 60.7 20.8 12.6 21.2 1.7 02.02.2020 55.4 26.2 14.7 23.5 1.0 05.02.2020 52.7 26.2 14.4 20.3 1.3 11.02.2020 52.2 23.6 11.7 19.4 1.2 Feb-2020 14.02.2020 55.9 25.2 15.3 22.4 1.4 17.02.2020 49.2 22.7 12.7 18.8 1.2 20.02.2020 49.6 22.4 16.1 17.7 1.1 25.02.2020 45.5 21.5 13.9 20.4 1.3 28.02.2020 51.6 20.8 13.9 19.1 1.3 03.12.2019 50.0 25.5 16.2 29.6 2.0 06.12.2019 49.5 24.6 16.9 36.3 2.3 09.12.2019 48.5 24.7 15.7 18.5 1.7 12.12.2019 49.5 24.2 16.5 27.5 2.5 Dec-19 17.12.2019 47.5 26.4 17.2 21.7 1.7 20.12.2019 49.8 24.5 16.5 22.7 2.0 23.12.2019 50.7 24.9 19.2 19.8 1.7 28.12.2019 50.5 26.5 17.5 18.5 2.0 03.01.2020 54.5 24.2 18.2 23.2 1.0 07.01.2020 53.5 20.6 16.1 23.9 1.5 10.01.2020 49.8 20.8 16.2 23.9 1.5

14.01.2020 61.6 22.9 14.9 23.5 1.6 6 Adilhudihatti Jan-2020 17.01.2020 58.8 22.4 14.2 25.7 1.6 21.01.2020 60.8 24.4 14.9 23.6 1.8 24.01.2020 52.9 23.9 13.9 23.2 1.4 28.01.2020 61.4 21.2 11.9 25.2 2.2 02.02.2020 60.6 21.7 13.4 19.8 1.0 05.02.2020 61.4 25.9 15.3 21.4 1.2 11.02.2020 55.9 24.4 15.2 20.7 1.4 Feb-2020 14.02.2020 62.3 24.7 17.6 20.2 1.3 17.02.2020 52.5 25.1 14.6 19.9 1.3 20.02.2020 56.6 23.5 15.5 18.2 1.1 25.02.2020 49.8 23.5 12.2 18.7 1.6 28.02.2020 57.8 24.7 16.6 17.2 1.1 04.12.2019 41.3 21.3 15.1 30.9 2.0 07.12.2019 42.5 22.7 16.9 30.7 1.5

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10.12.2019 42.5 23.7 15.9 22.1 2.1 13.12.2019 42.5 22.8 16.8 30.5 1.8 Dec-19 18.12.2019 42.5 22.5 15.9 25.2 2.5 21.12.2019 42.5 22.5 16.8 19.7 2.1 24.12.2019 44.5 24.7 17.5 22.1 1.9 29.12.2019 40.5 21.8 16.8 28.5 2.3 04.01.2020 48.5 23.9 19.2 21.2 1.5 08.01.2020 54.6 21.4 15.4 19.7 1.1 11.01.2020 59.3 24.2 11.4 23.6 1.3 Jan-2020 15.01.2020 57.4 18.3 15.9 24.7 1.4 7 Nagannur 18.01.2020 62.8 23.1 12.7 25.2 1.8 22.01.2020 49.6 22.4 15.6 25.2 2.1 25.01.2020 48.4 25.6 13.7 21.5 2.1 29.01.2020 52.2 21.5 13.6 19.7 1.5 03.02.2020 53.5 25.2 14.5 18.8 1.7 06.02.2020 55.7 25.5 13.7 19.1 1.3 12.02.2020 56.5 24.4 13.3 19.2 1.3 15.02.2020 51.4 23.2 14.8 18.6 1.1 Feb-2020 18.02.2020 53.3 25.6 12.4 17.6 1.5 21.02.2020 48.3 20.5 11.6 16.9 1.1 26.02.2020 48.5 20.6 14.4 21.6 1.2 29.02.2020 46.2 23.4 12.9 17.6 1.4 04.12.2019 36.8 20.6 16.3 31.7 1.9 07.12.2019 32.8 21.5 17.5 32.5 1.8 10.12.2019 36.8 21.7 16.5 25.9 1.9 Dec-19 13.12.2019 36.8 21.5 17.5 33.8 2.0 18.12.2019 32.5 21.5 17.5 22.4 1.9 21.12.2019 38.5 25.2 17.9 20.8 1.9 24.12.2019 42.7 21.4 16.9 23.5 2.0 29.12.2019 42.5 20.9 17.5 27.3 2.5 8 Todalabagi 04.01.2020 49.3 20.7 18.7 23.5 2.0 08.01.2020 52.5 21.7 15.8 23.9 1.7 11.01.2020 58.2 20.7 12.2 24.1 1.4 Jan-2020 15.01.2020 62.8 20.6 16.3 19.8 1.3 18.01.2020 61.5 19.9 13.1 26.3 1.9 22.01.2020 50.1 21.1 17.2 24.3 1.6 25.01.2020 47.3 24.7 14.2 20.6 1.7 29.01.2020 51.4 23.6 13.8 20.5 1.8 03.02.2020 55.4 26.3 15.3 20.4 1.4 06.02.2020 57.2 27.3 12.7 23.2 1.2 12.02.2020 51.4 22.9 14.8 21.2 1.7 Feb-2020 15.02.2020 54.9 25.2 13.1 20.7 1.3

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18.02.2020 49.5 20.4 11.7 20.6 1.8 21.02.2020 50.9 21.7 10.8 15.5 1.2 26.02.2020 45.5 18.6 12.2 22.2 1.6 29.02.2020 49.3 22.7 13.6 16.7 1.4 04.12.2019 44.6 30.0 18.4 32.6 2.1 07.12.2019 43.8 28.5 18.7 36.8 2.1 10.12.2019 42.8 28.5 18.9 26.3 1.5 Dec-19 13.12.2019 43.5 28.9 17.9 29.5 2.5 18.12.2019 43.5 25.6 19.5 23.7 2.0 21.12.2019 45.8 31.5 18.5 24.9 1.6 24.12.2019 42.5 32.7 19.5 20.4 1.8 29.12.2019 43.5 25.5 18.9 22.1 1.9 04.01.2020 47.1 22.9 19.5 22.7 2.5 08.01.2020 53.9 24.4 12.9 26.5 1.5 11.01.2020 59.7 23.2 9.5 20.4 1.8 9 Takklakiw Jan-2020 15.01.2020 63.3 25.1 14.7 20.8 1.7 18.01.2020 63.3 24.7 11.7 24.9 1.6 22.01.2020 52.7 22.2 18.2 26.2 1.8 25.01.2020 45.2 21.9 12.3 22.7 2.0 29.01.2020 48.3 19.8 12.2 18.4 1.4 03.02.2020 50.9 23.4 13.3 19.7 1.5 06.02.2020 59.5 24.4 11.9 20.1 1.4 12.02.2020 53.6 25.9 15.1 20.9 1.4 Feb-2020 15.02.2020 53.6 24.1 13.8 19.5 1.5 18.02.2020 47.6 22.5 12.9 18.5 1.7 21.02.2020 57.2 25.5 15.2 19.9 1.4 26.02.2020 43.2 19.5 11.1 19.5 1.3 29.02.2020 55.8 26.3 14.5 18.3 1.1

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Table 3.6: Average, maximum, minimum and 98th percentile values of AAQM and comparison with NAAQ standards All values in µg/m3 except Co, which is in mg/m3

Sampling location PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx Max Min Avg 98thper Max Min Avg 98thper Max Min Avg 98thperc Max Min Avg 98th centile centile entile percentile AAQ 1 75.9 43.6 68.91 75.71 36.5 22.4 31.65 36.40 20.7 14.8 17.32 20.12 37.3 25.6 32.22 37.11 AAQ 2 73.9 39.7 69.71 73.42 35.9 27.9 32.26 35.52 27.4 14.7 17.65 25.24 38.3 25.8 31.32 38.30 AAQ 3 75.3 48.6 69.77 74.87 35.2 27.2 32.39 34.58 21.9 13.5 17.77 21.42 39.2 24.6 31.51 38.84 AAQ 4 61.6 40.2 50.06 61.12 29.5 19.7 23.28 28.44 18.5 10.5 14.75 18.16 32.5 15.5 22.15 32.02 AAQ 5 63.3 45.5 53.42 62.05 28.5 19.7 24.26 28.02 16.9 11.7 14.99 16.90 30.2 17.7 22.55 29.96 AAQ 6 62.3 47.5 54.43 61.96 26.5 20.6 23.97 26.45 19.2 11.9 15.68 18.72 36.3 17.2 22.62 33.08 AAQ 7 62.8 40.5 49.38 61.12 25.6 18.3 22.95 25.6 19.2 11.4 14.87 18.38 30.9 16.9 22.50 30.80 AAQ 8 62.8 32.5 47.78 62.18 27.3 18.6 22.18 26.82 18.7 10.8 15.13 18.32 33.8 15.5 23.39 33.18 AAQ 9 63.3 42.5 50.20 63.3 32.7 19.5 25.29 32.12 19.5 9.5 15.38 19.50 36.8 18.3 23.14 34.78 NAAQ standards 100 60 80 80 Sampling location CO Max Min Avg 98thpercentile AAQ 1 2.8 1 2.31 2.75 AAQ 2 2.9 1.5 2.20 2.85 AAQ 3 2.6 1 2.21 2.60 AAQ 4 2.2 1 1.62 2.15 AAQ 5 2.3 1 1.65 2.20 AAQ 6 2.5 1 1.60 2.40 AAQ 7 2.5 1.1 1.65 2.40 AAQ 8 2.5 1.2 1.70 2.26 AAQ 9 2.5 1.1 1.71 2.50 NAAQ standards 4

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3.3.3 Air Quality inference

At all AAQ Monitoring stations the 98thpercentile values of all relevant parameters are within the ambient air quality standards prescribed in Environment protection Rules 1986, as per the notification dated 16th November 2009 for industrial, residential & rural areas.

3.4 Noise Environment

Baseline ambient noise levels were measured in 9 locations within the study area. Location of noise monitoring sampling stations is given in Table 3.7. Google image indicating noise sampling location is shown in Figure 3.3. Baseline Noise level values given in Table 3.8. The limits as per Environmental Protection Rules, 1986 for industrial, commercial & residential areas are presented in Table 3.9.

Table 3.7: Location of noise monitoring sampling stations Name of the station Distance from Direction Noise monitoring station the site(km) from site code Plant area 1 - - N 1 Plant area 2 - - N 2 Administrative Office - - N 3 Town Ship - - N 4 Hirepadasalgi 2.5 SW N 5 Adihudihatti 3.27 NW N 6 Naganur 2.18 SE N 7 Todalbagi 3.19 NE N 8 Takkalaki 5.92 SW N 9

Figure 3.3: Location of noise monitoring sampling stations

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Figure 3.4: Baseline noise monitoring photographs

Table 3.8: Noise quality data analysis at all the locations – December 2019 Code No Day, dB (A) Leq Night, dB (A) Leq Leq Leq N1 65.82 46.14 N2 68.58 45.34 N3 70.97 46.92 N4 49.55 39.56 N5 51.05 39.02 N6 50.44 39.92 N7 53.53 40.33 N8 50.94 39.39 N9 51.09 41.20

Table 3.9: Limits as per Environmental Protection Rules, 1986

Limits as per Env. Protection Rules, 1986 in dB(A)Leq Industrial area Commercial area Residential area Silent zone Day Night Day Night Day Night Day Night 75 70 65 55 55 45 50 40

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3.4.1 Noise Observations

The baseline noise levels have been monitored at different locations as indicated in the Table 3.7above. The noise levels in the project site vary between 49.5 – 65.82 Leq during day time and 39.56 – 46.92 Leq during night time. The noise levels at other location of the study area vary between 50.44 – 53.53 Leq during day time and 39.02 – 41.20 during night time. The maximum noise level at all the locations iswithin the limits specified for industrial/ residential areas.

3.5 Traffic Study 3.5.1 Transportation Due to the Proposed Expansion Project

The movement of personnel from their residence to industry and movement of finished products will not result in any drastic change in either the existing traffic pattern or noise levels in the area. The sugar plant procures sugarcane from farmers around the industry in a radius of25 km. The main mode of transportation of raw materials is by Bullock carts, Tractors and Trucks. The other vehicles that play on the road leading to the factory in the study area are cars, buses and two wheelers. Approximately 100 Nos of Bullock carts are used for the sugar cane transportation during the season. The traffic is significant during the sugarcane crushing season which will be for a period of 6 – 9 months. The traffic count indicates there will not be any drastic change in the existing traffic pattern of the area.

The location of the factory is 10 m away from the major roads i.e. Vijayapur-Dharwad state highway Road. The major traffic will be in the evening between 4 to 10 PM.

Two Auto Cars Vans Mini Bus Trucks 2 axle 3 axle Multi Tractors wheelers bus axle 400 45 270 160 11 190 600 165 40 33 590

Figure 3.5: Parking Arrangement Photo

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3.6 Water Environment 3.6.1 Reconnaissance Survey

Baseline monitoring is carried out for selected surface and ground water sources within the study area.

3.6.2 Surface Water

The major water source within the study zone is Krishna River and the water requirement for the proposed projectis sourced from the same. Surface water monitoring stations is shown in Figure 3.6 and details given in Table 3.10. The results of the analysis of surface water samples are inTable 3.11. Surface Water Quality drinking standards as per the CPCB guidelines is given in Table 3.12

Table 3.10: Location of Surface Water monitoring sampling stations Sl. Code Name of the Station Distance from Direction No. no site (km) from the site 1 SW1 Krishna River water - factory inlet 3 SSW 2 SW2 Todalbagi lake 1.5 E 3 SW3 Upstream of barrage across River Krishna -- --

Figure 3.6: location of Surface Water Sampling stations

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Figure 3.7: Surface water sampling photographs

Table 3.11: Surface water quality results – December 2019 Sl No. Characteristics Unit SW1 SW2 SW3 1 Turbidity in NTU NTU 1 1 2 2 pH@ 250C - 8.06 7.60 8.20

3 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/L 240 400 240 4 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 5.2 5.4 5.4 5 Iron (as Fe) mg/L 0.26 0.28 0.25 6 Chloride (as Cl) mg/L 111.45 139.31 111.45 7 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L 441 620 439 8 Calcium (as Ca) mg/L 80 76 80 9 Magnesium (as Mg) mg/L 9.72 51.03 9.72 10 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L 2.8 2.5 2.6 11 Biochemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 6.0 12.0 3.0 BOD, 3days @ 270C 12 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 24.48 48.96 16.32 (COD) 13 Electrical Conductivity @ 250C µmho/cm 868 985 861

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14 Zinc (as Zn) mg/L 0.234 0.209 0.188 15 Coli form MPN 21 17 26 (Present) (Present) (Present)

Table 3.12: Surface Water Quality Standards (CPCB Criteria) Designated-Best-Use Designated Criteria Best-Use Drinking Water Source A • Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 50 without conventional or less. treatment but after • pH between 6.5 and 8.5 disinfection • Dissolved Oxygen 6mg/l or more • Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 2mg/l or less Outdoor bathing B • Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be 500 (Organized or less pH between 6.5 and 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen Drinking water source C 5mg/l or more after conventional • Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 3mg/l or treatment and less disinfection Propagation of Wild life D • pH between 6.0 to 8.5 and Fisheries • Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100ml shall be Irrigation, Industrial E 5000 or less pH between 6 to 9 Dissolved Oxygen Cooling, Controlled 4mg/l or more Waste disposal • Biochemical Oxygen Demand 5 days 20°C 3mg/l or less • pH between 6.5 to 8.5 Dissolved Oxygen 4mg/l or more • Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/l or less • pH between 6.0 to 8.5 • Electrical Conductivity at 25°C micro mhos/cm Max.2250 Below-E Not Meeting A, B, C, D & E Criteria

3.6.2.1 Observations of Surface water quality

The results for the parameters analysed for surface water samples are compared with designated best use practices published by CPCB. The water quality conforms to class “C” standards. Inference is: • The pH of the surface water samples collected ranges in between 7.6 – 8.2. The iron concentrations varied between 0.25 mg/l and 0.28 mg/l. Manganese values are in the not detectable range at all the sampling locations. • Total dissolved solids in the water samples range between 439 to 620 mg/l

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3.6.3 Ground Water

In order to assess the existing ground water quality, the water samples were collected from 7 different locations within the study area and analysed as per the procedure specified in standard methods for examination of water and wastewater published by American Public Health Association and Bureau of Indian Standards (APHA/BIS). Baseline ground water sampling locations, orientation with respect to the project site is given in Table 3.13 and shown in Figure 3.8.

Table 3.13: Location of ground water monitoring sampling stations Name of the Distance from Direction Ground water sampling station the site(km) from site station code Main gate - - GW1 Near entrance of - - GW2 the company land Adihudihatti 3.27 NW GW3 Hirepadasalgi 2.5 SW GW4 Naganur 2.18 SE GW5 Chikkapadasalagi 5.45 S GW6 Todalbagi 3.19 NE GW7

Figure 3.8: location of Ground Water sampling Locations

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Figure 3.9: Ground water sampling photographs

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The results of the analysis of Ground water samples collected from the project site and others locations is appended in the following Table 3.14 Table 3.14: Ground Water Quality – December 2019 Parameters Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 Standard IS 10500-2012 Requirement Permissible (Acceptable Limits Limits) Turbidity in NTU NTU 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 Max 5 Max pH@ 250C NTU 7.04 7.44 7.05 7.28 7.33 7.90 7.80 6.5-8.5 No relaxation Total Hardness as mg/L 480 420 910 850 880 890 420 200 Max 600 Max

CaCO3 Iron (as Fe) mg/L 0.24 0.21 0.28 0.27 0.19 0.28 0.19 0.3 Max No relaxation Chloride (as Cl) mg/L 167.18 148.60 520 501.54 515.47 515.47 148.60 250 Max 1000 Max Total Dissolved Solids mg/L 940 680 1750 1430 1670 1660 690 500 Max 2000 Max (TDS) Nickel (as Ni) mg/L 0.0113 0.0107 0.0109 0.0117 0.0105 0.0112 0.0102 0.02 No relaxation Calcium (as Ca) mg/L 96 84 180 168 172 172 84 75 Max 200Max Magnesium (as Mg) mg/L 58.32 51.03 111.78 104.49 109.35 111.78 51.03 30Max 100Max Copper (as Cu) mg/L 0.0102 0.0125 0.0115 0.0171 0.0136 0.0151 0.0118 0.005 Max 1.5 Max Manganese (as Mn) mg/L 0.0213 0.0133 0.0159 0.0122 0.0172 0.0139 0.0143 0.1 Max 03 Max Arsenic as As mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 Max 0.05 Max

Sulphate (as SO4) mg/L 175.36 119.27 214.33 217.87 306.44 243.26 88.37 200 Max 400 Max Cadmium (as Cd) mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.003 Max No relaxation Zinc (as Zn) mg/L 0.316 0.374 0.254 0.266 0.301 0.352 0.281 5 Max 15 Max Sodium as Na mg/L 55.6 57.8 62.5 63.8 69.2 61.2 53.8 Not Specified Total Chromium (as Cr) mg/L 3.2 3.5 4.7 2.9 3.7 3.8 2.9 Not Specified Lead (as Pb) mg/L BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.01 No relaxation

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3.6.3.1 Observations of Ground Water Quality

The results for the parameters analyzed for ground water samples are presented and are compared with standards for drinking water as per IS:10500-2012 "Specifications for Drinking Water"

• The pH of the water samples collected ranges in between 7.04 to 7.9. • Chlorides concentrations ranged from 148.6 mg/l to 520 mg/l indicating that the concentrations are well within the permissible limits. • Sulphate concentrations ranged from 88.37 mg/l to 306.44 mg/l indicating that the concentrations are within the permissible limits.

• Total hardness expressed as CaCO3 ranges from 420 mg/l to 910 mg/l, which shows that total hardness is within the permissible, limits at all the locations.

The inference is that the ground water is within the permissible limits of standards for drinking water as per IS:10500-2012.

3.7 Land Environment

Land-use refers to the way in which the land has been used by humans and their habitat, usually with accent on the functional role of land for economic activities. It is the intended employment of management strategy placed on the land-cover type by human agents, and/or managers. Land-cover refers to the physical characteristics of earth’s surface, captured in the distribution of vegetation, water, soil and other physical features of the land, including those created solely by human activities; for example - settlements. The land use and Land cover are complex and largely continuous pattern and in order to understand its complexity, it is necessary to characterize them.

The satellite remote sensing, with its synoptic view and repetitively, is very helpful in order to cover large areas within a short time to characterize land use / land cover qualitatively. Remote Sensing is a powerful and accurate means of collecting data. The study of satellite imagery gives an excellent opportunity to monitor the quantitative extent of vegetation cover as well as qualitative changes due to changes in environment.

(a) Methodology Land use land cover of the of the study area is derived through interpretation of satellite remote sensing image in digital environment using remote and GIS software Erdas Imagine (version 8.5). Satellite Image of the study area downloaded from U.S. Geological Survey web site USGS Earth Explorer (www.earthexplorer.usgs.gov) and a land-use map was prepared. The following are the steps involved in preparation of Land use Land cover map.

The optimal season and latest cloud free data chosen for better discrimination of various land use types in the study are during the month of December. Accordingly, satellite scene

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 105 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED was selected on the USGS website by giving the geographic coordinates of the project site and acquired the satellite image. The satellite image selected is from Landsat 8 with Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor comprising of 11 spectral bands. The bands from 1 to 7 have the spatial resolution of 30 m and the band 8 is having the spatial resolution of 15 m (panchromatic). The band 9 – 11 are thermal bands with spatial resolution of 100 m, but resample to 30 m. We have used bands 1 – 7 for classification. The date of acquisition of the satellite image is 24 December 2019 with the path and row of 146 and 48, respectively.

Geo-referenced satellite image obtained from GSGS website were cross-checked overlaying on the geo-referenced Survey of India toposheet for corrections. Geo- referencing was done with UTM projection system with WGS 84 spheroid & datum and zone 43. Subset of the correctly geo-referenced satellite image was taken according to the boundary of the study area (10 km radius from the project site). The subset of the satellite image subjected to image enhancement including band combinations before subject to classification for better understand of the land use land cover classes. Histogram stretching which is one of the image enhancement techniques was applied to a 16bit multispectral data. The digital classification technique has been used for the extraction of the land use/land cover information from the imagery.

Unsupervised classification method with nearest neighborhood algorithm was used to classify the satellite image. After the completion of the initial classification, the classified image was subject to post classification improvements. Here, the misclassified pixels were re-classified considering small areas of interest (AOI) or through interactive editing (onscreen visual interpretation) for improved accuracy.

For onscreen interpretation, the satellite data was displayed in standard false color composite (FCC) format by assigning blue, green and red color of the monitor to the green, red and near infra-red bands of satellite data respectively, in ordered to discriminate the land use features clearly. Other band combination were also used in discriminating the different land use classes. Satellite image was subjected to pan sharpening to enhance the resolution by keeping the multispectral feature. For this the band 8 of the satellite data with 15 m resolution is merged with the multispectral image having bands 1 to 7 with 30 m resolution to get the enhanced image (Fig. 3.10).

This enhanced image was used to identify the misclassified pixels and re-classify them into correct classes. Miss classified pixels were also identified through thorough ground truthing. Ground truth has been done in the study area using handheld Garmin eTrex GPS for recording the coordinates of the different land use land cover classes in the study area. These were used to improve the land use land cover maps.

Further, other ancillary data such as drainage pattern (Fig 3.11) derived from Survey of India toposheet and Digital Elevation Model (Fig 3.12) obtained from SRTM downloaded

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 106 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED from USGS website were used to improve the land use land cover classification of the study area.

The classified output has a ‘salt and pepper’ appearance, because of the difference in reflectance value of each pixel. A low pass filter (3 x 3) was applied for smoothening of the output data and to minimize the ‘salt and pepper’ effect.

(b) Results and Discussion The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the study area indicates that, the difference in the elevation of the study area is approximately 110 m (from 510 – 620 m, Fig 3.8) above Mean Sea Level. The Project Area lies at the elevation range of 535 – 555 m above Mean Sea Level.

(c) Land use Land cover classification Six different land use/land cover classes have been identified through in the study area and the image was classified accordingly. Table 3.13 shows the information about the extent of land use/land cover classes thus derived from the satellite image in the study area and represented in Figure. 3.10Drainage pattern of project site in 10 km radius is given in Figure 3.11, Digital elevation model of project site in 10 km radius is given in Figure 3.12.Land use & Land cover map of project site in 10 km radius is shown in Figure 3.13.

Table 3.15: Land use / land cover classes in 10 km area around the project site. Sl. No. Land Use Land Cover classes Area (ha) (%) 1 Scrub Forest 102.62 0.33 2 Agriculture 19,120.66 61.09 3 Agriculture-Harvest 4,198.50 13.41 4 Agriculture Fallow 6,417.56 20.50 5 Built up 199.22 0.64 6 Water body 1,259.80 4.03

Following are the land use land cover classes in the study area with descriptions of the each of the classes.

(d) Agriculture This land cover class is the dominant around the project site in 10 km radius. This consists of Agriculture mainly Sugarcane and other crops such as Maize, Wheat, Jowar, Onion etc. and few plantations of Coconut, Grapes, Banana, Pomegranate and vegetables in the study area. Sugarcane fields in the satellite image can be easily recognized with bright red tone and having definite structure (long rectangular) with clear boundaries. Other agriculture fields will be identified with bright red tone having definite structures in the satellite image. Total area of this land cover is 19,120.66 ha, which is 61.09% to the total area.

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(e)Agriculture Harvest This land cover is the agriculture but either it is harvested (in most of the cases it is Sugarcane) or to be harvested (Sugarcane or other crops) in the study area. Since they are harvested or about to harvest, they have started drying with brown leaves appears lighter bluish tone in the satellite image with proper demarcate boundaries. This class occupied the 4,198.50-ha area in the study area which is about 13.41%).

(f) Agriculture Fallow This land cover class is Agriculture land but currently not in cultivation and left it either for recovery of fertility or due to lack of irrigation facility. Out of total area, 6,417.56ha area comes under this land use land cover class. This is 20.50% of total area.

(g) Water body This category comprises areas with surface water, in the form of small lakes, reservoirs and flowing water as Rivers and channels. These are seen clearly on the satellite image in blue to dark blue or dark cyan color depending on the depth of water level. These areas were identified and mapped as water bodies. In the southern part of study area River Krishna is flowing which forms major water supply of the area. This class is spatially distributed in 1,259.80 ha area with 4.03% to the total area.

(h) Built up Land This land use class is defined as an area of human habitat developed due to non- agriculture use. The built-up land in 10 km radius from project site comprises of towns and villages including buildings, Industries, transport and communications utilities. Out of total area, 199.22 ha area comes under built-up land use land cover class. This is 0.64% of total area.

(i) Scrub forest This land cover class consists of Euphorbiaceous thorny scrub forests in small patches in the northern part of the study area. Total area under this class in the study area is 102.62 ha and it is 0.33% of the total area.

In the study area Agriculture including the agriculture harvest and agriculture fallow are the largest land use land cover classes which constitutes the 95% of the area followed by water body, built up land and scrub forests.

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Figure 3.10: Satellite image of project site in 10 km radius

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Figure 3.11: Drainage pattern of project site in 10 km radius

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Figure 3.12: Digital elevation model of project site in 10 km radius

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Figure 3.13: Land use & Land cover map of project site in 10 km radius

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3.7.1 Soil Environment:

Soil samples were collected at 8 locations. The sampling locations are shown in Table 3.16

Table 3.16: Location of soil monitoring sampling stations Name of the station Distance from Direction Soil monitoring the site(km) from site sampling station code Main gate - - S1 Distillery area - - S2 Administrative Office - - S3 Town Ship - - S4 Hirepadasalgi 2.5 SW S5 Naganur 2.18 SE S6 Todalabagi 3.19 NE S7 Takkalaki 5.92 SW S8

Location of soil monitoring sampling stations is shown in Figure 3.14.

Figure 3.14: Location of soil monitoring sampling stations

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Table 3.17: Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil - December 2019 Soil Unit Dec-19 Results S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 Nitrogen (N) kg/ha 76.0 290 280 60.0 220 180 190 210 Phosphorous (P) kg/ha 121 125 132 54 142 135 95 185 Electrical dS/m 0.19 0.31 0.27 0.10 0.19 0.15 0.36 0.24 Conductivity (EC) Sodium % 41.2 38.2 32.5 9.8 42.6 35.8 25 34.5 Absorption Organic Carbon % 0.48 4.5 2.56 1.25 4.88 3.77 3.87 2.6 Texture - Crystalline Crystalline Crystalline Crystalline Crystalline Crystalline Crystalline Crystalline Colour - Light Black Light black Light Brownish Black Light Light Light black Brown Brown Brown pH - 8.83 8.23 8.29 8.51 8.69 8.83 8.32 8.25 Potassium (K) kg/ha 133 546 345 85.4 210 344 240 325 Bulk Density g/cc 1.3 1.2 1.19 0.98 1.15 1.15 1.2 1.24 Sodium (Na) kg/ha 760 769 705 10.5 850 754 530 688

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Table 3.18: Inference of soil quality Parameter S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 pH Strongly Moderately Moderately Strongly Strongly Strongly Moderately Moderately alkaline alkaline alkaline alkaline alkaline alkaline alkaline alkaline Electrical Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Conductivity Nitrogen Less Better Less Better Better Better Better Better Phosphorus more than more than more than more than more than more than more than more than sufficient sufficient sufficient sufficient sufficient sufficient sufficient sufficient Potassium Less more than Better Very less Medium Better Medium Better sufficient Organic carbon more than more than more than more than more than more than more than Medium sufficient sufficient sufficient sufficient sufficient sufficient sufficient

3.7.2 Soil Characteristics Observations

• It is observed that the pH of the soil quality ranged from 8.23 to 8.83 indicating that the soil is usually moderately acidic to moderately alkaline in nature. The pH value of the soil is an important property; plants cannot grow in low and high pH. • Most of the essential nutrients like N, P, K, Ca, and Mg are available for plant at the neutral pH except for Fe, Mn, and Al, which are available at low pH range.

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Table 3.19: Soil classification criteria from handbook of agriculture Sl. Soil test Classification No. 1 pH <4.5 Extremely acidic 4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic 5.51-6.00 Moderately acidic 6.01-6.50 Slightly acidic 6.51-7.30 Neutral 7.31-7.80 Slightly alkaline 7.81-8.50 Moderately alkaline 8.51-9.0 Strongly alkaline >9.00 very strongly alkaline 2 Salinity Electrical Conductivity Up to 1.00 Average (ppm)&(1 ppm =640 μS/cm) 1.01-2.00 harmful to germination 2.01-3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to salts) 3 Organic Carbon % Up to 0.2: very less 0.21-0.4: less, 0.41-0.5 medium, 0.51-0.8: on an average sufficient 0.81-1.00: sufficient >1.0 more than sufficient 4 Nitrogen (kg/ha) Up to 50 very less 51-100 less, 101-150 good 151-300 Better >300 sufficient 5 Phosphorus (kg/ha) Up to 15 very less 16-30 less, 31-50 medium 51-65 on an average sufficient 66-80 sufficient >80 more than sufficient 6 Potassium (kg/ha) 0 -120 very less 120-180 less, 181-240 medium 241-300 average 301-360 better >360 more than sufficient

3.8 Hydrology and Hydrogeology 3.8.1 Topography and Drainage

M/s Jamkhandi Sugars Limited is located on the left bank of the River Krishna (about 3 km North of left Bank of this River). The elevation ranges from 520 m to 540 meter above mean sea level. The area is part of Krishna River basin and is drained by Krishna River. All the streams in the area exhibits parallel to sub parallel drainage pattern. The industry is located about 2 km North East of Hirepadasalagi village and the area is having undulating

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Range of water table pre-monsoon season (meters below ground level from 2.83 m BGL to 25.96 m BGL.

Range of water table post-monsoon season (meters below ground level from 4.73 m BGL to 30.30 m BGL.

3.8.2 Geology and Hydrogeology

The area is underlain by lava flows of the Deccan trap. Deccan trap consists of successive lava flows, almost horizontal in disposition. Individual flows show considerable variation in physical character, thickness, nature and extent of weathering etc. The basaltic lava flows are generally dark, grey, hard and compact in nature. Lava flow normally consists of two units such as lower massive basalt and upper vesicular basalt. The secondary minerals like zeolite, quartz, calcite or some earthy or ferruginous material fill the vesicles. The massive basalt and vesicular basalt are similar in terms of composition and texture. The entire industrial area as well as surrounding areas of Industry is covered by Basaltic rock formation.

Deccan trap basalts are a thick pile of nearly horizontal layered formation. The porosity and the permeability change within an individual flow and also from flow to flow and place to place. The weathered portion, joints and fractures in the massive and vesicular units of basalt form the water bearing horizons. Abundance of vesicles with interconnecting nature together with joints and horizontal partings in the vesicular basalt make it a good aquifer. The red bole bed, occurring as top undulating layer of flow, inhibit movement of ground water as it is composed of mixture of fragmentary material and clay particles. Therefore, it acts like an aquiclude and its position in the lava sequence indicate the presence of permeable water bearing zone underneath.

3.8.3 Occurrence and Movement of ground water

In general ground water occurs under water table conditions in shallow aquifer and semi- confined to confined conditions in deeper aquifer. The fractured, jointed vesicular basalt and massive basalt when overlain by red bole bed of considerable thickness develops semi- confined to confined conditions. Hence, the red bole bed massive unit of the flow acts as a confining layer. The red bole bed being clayey in nature also acts as a ground water barrier for the downward movement of water. The weathered and jointed zone of massive basalt unit and vesicular basalt unit constitute the unconfined aquifer, which are generally tapped by dug well. The semi-confined to confined aquifers are tapped by dug cum bore wells and bore wells. Ground water in and around the M/s. Jamkhandi Sugars Limited industrial area occurs under water table condition in weathered and jointed basaltic

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 117 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED formation as observed in dug well which is located about 2 km North East of the Industry. Deep seated aquifers are tapped by bore wells in this area. Generally, the depth of these bore wells ranges from 150 m to more than 250 m bgl. These bore wells are fitted with submersible pumps of capacity ranging from 5 to 10 H.P. These bore wells are utilized either for domestic purpose or ground water irrigation for growing Sugarcane, turmeric and other crops. Two bore wells are located in the premises of the Industry where ground water is extracted used industrial purpose.

3.8.4 Surface Water /Ground Water Quality

At the time of survey visited few villages located in the adjoining area of the M/s. Jamkhandi Sugars Limited with in radius of 5 Kms from the Industry namely Hirepadasalagi, Naganur, Todalabagi, adihudihatti, HosaKovatagi and Chikkapadasalgi. Had interaction with villagers pertaining to Whether there is any change in odour or taste or colour andto examine whether their family members suffering from water borne diseases. As reported by some of the farmers there is slight change in ground water quality where treated effluent is used for irrigation by the Industry.

The industry has provided 5 days capacity spent wash holding tank. It is a RCC structure. It is in the lowest terrain of the industrial plot and the tank is below the ground level.

3.8.5 Remedial Measures to be taken up by the industry

There should be periodical monitoring of ground water quality. They can collect ground water samples from two bore wells located in their premises and also from the 3 or 4 bore wells located within the radius of 1 km from the Industry to ascertain any ground water contamination if any in future. It is suggested to plan for rain water harvesting with suitable rain water harvesting structures so that entire rain water available during rainy season can recharged to ground water system or collected and used for green belt or for the process.

It is suggested to provide piezometers around the spent wash storage tank to monitor the ground water quality, which will serve as a indicator to know it there is any infiltration of spent wash in to the ground.

Industry has to ensure that they draw agricultural management plan for proper utilization of treated sugar plant effluent and to practice ZLD for distillery.

3.9 Ecology and Biodiversity

An ecological survey of the study area was conducted to assess the existing floral and faunal diversity and also to understand the impacts upon them with mitigation measures to be taken to conserve existing biodiversity in the region. Primary data has been

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 118 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED collected within the project site as well as up to 10 km radius from project site with the quadrat method of the size 10 x 10 m for flora and transects of 1 km for fauna. Secondary data pertaining to 10 km boundary from the project site have been collected from literature, Forest Department (Working plan of Bagalkot Forest Division), discussions with local people have also been considered for preparing a comprehensive checklist flora and fauna of the study area. Probable impact, if any, of project activity on biodiversity and mitigation measures to contain the impacts have been discussed.

3.9.1 Assessment of Flora

The vegetation cover in the area comprises mainly cultivated types and in the northern part of the industry, small patches scrubby vegetation in the rocky region exists. The cultivated types in the study area with Sugar cane, Wheat and other crops such as Maize and Jowar. Dominant trees in the premises of the industry are Delonix regia, Peltophorumpterocarpum, Phyllanthus emblica, Eucalyptus teretecornis, Pongamiapinnata, Polyalthialongifoliaetc. and some of the indigenous species such as Syzygiumcumuni, Artocarpusheterophyllus, AlbizialebbeckFiliciumdecipins etc. Agricultural lands and in the surrounding villages are dominated by tree species such as Albiziasaman, Azadirachtaindica, Tamarindusindica, Ficus benghalensis, Mangiferaindica, Euphorbia tirukallli, Sesbania grandiflora, Vachelianilotica subsp. indica, Prosopis juliflora and Peltophorumpterocarpum. Herbaceous flora in the study area dominated by invasive species such as Parthenium hysterophorus, Tridaxprocumbens, Argemone Mexicana, Xanthium stramonium etc. Some of the important medicinal herbs such Phyllanthus amarus, Boerhaviadiffusa, Abutilon indicum, Achyranthes aspera etc. are found in the study region.

Based on field survey a general checklist of the flora has been prepared existing in the study area. The study revealed that there are 96 plant species comprising of 37 trees, 18 shrubs, 36 herbs and 5 climbers. The list of species has been tabulated in Table 3.20 with the family they belong and common name.

Table 3.20: List of flora recorded in the study area Sl.No. Botanical Name Family Common Name Trees 1. Albizialebbeck (L.) Benth. Leguminosae- Bage mara Caesalpinioideae 2. Annona squamosa L. Annonaceae Custard apple 3. AzadirachtaindicaA.Juss. Meliaceae Neem 4. Cocos nucifera L. Arecaceae Cocont palm 5. CratevanurvalaBuch.-Ham. Capparaceae Bilipatri 6. Dalbergia sissoo DC. Leguminosae- Indian Rosewood Papilionoideae 7. Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. Myrtaceae Eucalyptus

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8. Euphorbia tirucalli L. Euphorbiaceae Tirukalli 9. Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Banyan tree 10. Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Atti mara 11. Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Peepal tree 12. Filiciumdecipiens (Wight &Arn.) Sapindaceae Fern tree Thwaites 13. Gliricidiasepium (Jacq.) Walp. Leguminosae- Gobbarada gida Papilionoideae 14. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Leguminosae- Subabul Caesalpinioideae 15. Mangiferaindica L. Anacardiaceae Mango 16. Manilkarazapota (L.) P.Royen Sapotaceae Sapota 17. Melia azedarach L. Meliaceae Persian lilac 18. Monoonlongifolium (Sonn.) B. Xue& R. Annonaceae Ashoka mara M. K. Saunders 19. Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Nugge mara 20. Muntingiacalabura L. Muntingiaceae Singapore cherry 21. Neolamarckiacadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Rubiaceae Kadamba mara 22. Peltophorumpterocarpum (DC.) K.Heyne Leguminosae- Copper pod Caesalpinioideae 23. Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Leguminosae- Manila tamarind Caesalpinioideae 24. Pongamiapinnata (L.) Pierre Leguminosae- Honge mara Papilionoideae 25. Psidium guajava L. Myrtaceae Seebae gida 26. Santalum album L. Santalaceae Srigandha 27. Senna siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin&Barneby Leguminosae- Siemese tree Caesalpinioideae senna 28. SpathodeacampanulataP.Beauv. Bignoniaceae Uchchekayi mara 29. Sterculia foetida L. Malvaceae Bhotale 30. Syzygiumcumini (L.) Skeels Myrtaceae Neerale 31. Tamarindusindica L. Leguminosae- Tamarind Detarioideae 32. TectonagrandisL.f. Lamiaceae Teak 33. Terminalia catappa L. Combretaceae Indian almond 34. Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa Malvaceae Bugari mara 35. Vachellianilotica subsp. indica (Benth.) Leguminosae- Kari jali Kyal. &Boatwr. Caesalpinioideae 36. Vitex negundo L. Lamiaceae Lakki gida 37. Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Rhamnaceae Bore hannu Shrubs 1. Agave sisalana Perrine Asparagaceae Aanekattaale,

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Kattaale 2. Azimatetracantha Lam. Salvadoraceae Bili Uppi gida 3. Bambusabambos (L.) Voss Poaceae Bidiru (Gramineae) 4. Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br. Apocynaceae Ekkada gida 5. Calotropis procera (Aiton) R. Br. Apocynaceae Kaadukkada gida 6. Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. Capparaceae Kariuppigida 7. Carica papaya L. Caricaceae Papaya 8. Cryptostegia grandiflora R. Br. Apocynaceae Hambu rubber gida 9. Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Lantana 10. Opuntia dillenii (KerGawler) Haw. Cactaceae Papas kalli 11. Phyllanthus lawiiJ.Graham Phyllanthaceae Mullunelli 12. Plumeria pudica Jacq. Apocynaceae 13. Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. Leguminosae- Ballarijali Caesalpinioideae 14. Punicagranatum L. Lythraceae Dalimbre 15. Ricinus communis L. Euphorbiaceae Castor 16. Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. Leguminosae- Agase Papilionoideae 17. Sesbaniaspeciosa Taub. ex Engl. Leguminosae- Papilionoideae 18. Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth Bignoniaceae Yellow trumpet bush Herbs 1. Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Malvaceae Mudre gida 2. Acalyphaindica L. Euphorbiaceae Kuppe gida 3. Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Uttarani 4. Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) Amaranthaceae Calico plant G.Nicholson 5. Amaranthus viridis L. Amaranthaceae Cilakarivesoppu 6. Argemone mexicana L. Papaveraceae Daturi gida 7. Barleriaprionitis L. Acanthaceae 8. Blumealacera (Burm.f.) DC. Asteraceae (Compositae) 9. Canna indica L. Cannaceae Samudra baale 10. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Apocynaceae Madagascar periwinkle 11. Chloris barbata Sw. Poaceae Uppugaddi (Gramineae) 12. Chrozophorarottleri (Geiseler) A.Juss. Euphorbiaceae Angamenasu ex Spreng.

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13. Conyzabonariensis (L.) Cronquist Asteraceae (Compositae) 14. Corchorus olitorius L. Malvaceae Nalta jute 15. Cynodondactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae Garikehullu (Gramineae) 16. Datura metel L. Solanaceae Ummathi 17. Dicomatomentosa Cass. Asteraceae Navanangi (Compositae) 18. Eleusineindica (L.) Gaertn. Poaceae Hakkikalinahullu (Gramineae) 19. Euphorbia heterophylla L. Euphorbiaceae 20. Heliotropiumsupinum L. Boraginaceae 21. Hibiscus vitifolius L. Malvaceae Advehatti 22. Jasminum multiflorum (Burm.f.) Oleaceae Bengaluru malle Andrews 23. Jatropha integerrima Jacq. Euphorbiaceae 24. Macroptiliumatropurpureum (DC.) Urb. Leguminosae- Papilionoideae 25. Malvastrumcoromandelianum (L.) Malvaceae Garcke 26. Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. Solanaceae Kaadutambaku 27. Parthenium hysterophorus L. Asteraceae Congress gida (Compositae) 28. Peristrophebicalyculata (Retz.) Nees Acanthaceae Cibirasoppu 29. Phyllanthus reticulatusPoir. Phyllanthaceae Kari suli 30. Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. Leguminosae- Thangadi Caesalpinioideae 31. Sesbaniasesban (L.) Merr. Leguminosae- Kaaduagase Papilionoideae 32. Sonchusoleraceus L. Asteraceae Milky Snow thistle (Compositae) 33. Tephrosia pumila (Lam.) Pers. Leguminosae- Papilionoideae 34. Tridaxprocumbens L. Asteraceae Adikkesoppu (Compositae) 35. Typha angustifolia L. Typhaceae 36. Xanthium strumarium L. Asteraceae Maraluummatti (Compositae) Climbers 1. Cocciniagrandis (L.) Voight Cucurbitaceae Thondekaayi 2. Cryptolepisdubia (Burm.f.) M.R.Almeida Apocynaceae Haluballi 3. Jasminum auriculatumVahl Oleaceae Sujimallige

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4. MerremiagangeticaCufod. Convolvulaceae Ili kivi 5. Tinosporacordifolia (Willd.) Miers. Menispermaceae Amrutha balli

3.9.2 Assessment of Fauna

Based on field survey and data from secondary sources (Working Plan of Bagalkot Forest Division by Karnataka Forest Department), a checklist of faunal diversity have been prepared for the area. The data on the list of fauna of the study area are given in Table 3.21 with common name and scientific name. Observed faunal species are falling in the category of Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 and also not under any IUCN conservation category.

Table 3.21: List of fauna recorded in the study area Sl. Common Name Scientific Name Schedule as per WPA, No. 1972 Birds 1 Asian Koel Eudynamysscolopaceus 2 Barn Swallow Hirundorustica 3 Baya weaver bird Ploceusphilippinus 4 Black headed ibis Threskiornismelanocephalus Sch IV 5 Blue Tailed Bee Eater Meropsphilippinus 6 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis coromandus 7 Citrine Wagtail Motacillacitreola 8 Common Kingfisher Alcedoatthis Sch IV 9 Common myna Acridotherestristis 10 House Crow Corvussplendens 11 House sparrow Passer domesticus 12 Indian Cormorant Phalacrocoraxfuscicollis Sch IV 13 Indian Pond Heron Ardeolagrayii Sch IV 14 Jungle Babbler Turdoidesstriata 15 Little cormorant Microcarboniger 16 Little egret Egrettagarzetta 17 Puff Throated Babbler Pellorneumruficeps 18 Purple-rumped Sunbird Leptocomazeylonica 19 Red Vented Bulbul Pycnonotuscafer Sch IV 20 Red Whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotusjocosus Sch IV 21 Red-naped ibis Pseudibispapillosa Sch IV 22 Red-wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus 23 Small green bee-eater Meropsorientalis 24 Spotted Dove Streptopeliachinensis 25 Sykes's Warbler Idunarama 26 Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundosmithii

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Sl. Common Name Scientific Name Schedule as per WPA, No. 1972 Butterflies 1 Baronet Euthalianais 2 Blue Tiger Tirumala limniace 3 Common Baron Euthaliaaconthea 4 Common Castor Ariadne merione 5 Common Crow Euploea core 6 Common Emigrant Catopsiliapomona 7 Common evening Melanitisleda brown 8 Common Grass Yellow Euremahecabe 9 Common Hedge Blue Acytolepispuspa 10 Common line blue Prosotasnora 11 Common Sailer Neptishylas 12 Common Silver Line Cigaritisvulcanus 13 Danaid eggfly Hypolimnasmisippus Sch II (Part II) 14 Dark grass blue Zizeeriakarsandra 15 Gray Pansy Junoniaatlites 16 Mottled Emigrant Catopsiliapyranthe 17 Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus 18 Plains cupid Chiladespandava 19 Red Pierrot Talicadanyseus 20 Small cupid Chiladesparrhasius 21 Small grass jewel Freyeriaputli 22 Small Grass Yellow Euremabrigitta 23 Zebra blue Leptotesplinius Amphibians & Reptiles 1 Common Toad Duttaphrynusmelanostictus 2 Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor 3 Green vine snake Ahaetullanasuta 4 Indian cobra Najanaja Sch II (Part II) 5 Indian Skink Sphenomorphus indicus 6 Rat Snake Ptyas mucosa Sch II (Part II) 7 Southern house geko Hemidactylus frenatus Insects 1 Indian Bee Apiscerena 2 Indian Stingless Bee Tetragonulairidipennis 3 Rock Bee Apisdorsata Mammals 1 Blacknaped hare Lepus nigricollis 2 Bonnet macaque Macaca radiata Sch II (Part I)

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Sl. Common Name Scientific Name Schedule as per WPA, No. 1972 3 Common house rat Rattus rattus Sch IV 4 Common mongoose Herpestesedwardsi Sch II (Part I) 5 Indian Palm Squirrel Funambulus palmarum

Measures It is observed during the study that there is one tree species, Santalum album, which is falling under the Vulnerable (VU) category according to the IUCN conservation criteria. This species needs to be conserved in the vicinity and surrounding areas of the industry. This can be achieved through propagation of the species and reintroduced into the surrounding areas.

There is good green belt observed during the study, however, planting along the boundaries of the industry need to be undertaken so as to avoid the any possible escape of dust from the industry. Species such as Jamoon (Syzygiumcumuni), Ashoka (Polyalthialongifolia), Hebbevu (Melia dubia), Bamboo (Bamubusa bamboos), Honge (Pongamiapinnata) could be planted with close planting which forms live after they grow.

Further, as far as possible while developing the green belt inside the industry native species need to be considered instead of exotic species. These native species have greater capacity to reduce the pollution levels.

3.10 Socio Economic Environment

The baseline data referring to the socio-economic environment is collected from secondary sources such as census records, statistical hand book and relevant official records with the government agencies and primary sources such as the socio-economic surveys conducted by different Govt. &Non-Govt. Agencies.

The growth of industrial sectors and infrastructure development in and around the agricultural area i.e. villages and semi-urban settings and towns is bound to create certain socio-economic impacts on the local populace. The impacts may be either positive or negative depending on the nature of development. To assess such impact, it is necessary to know the existing socio-economic order of the study area, which will be helpful in improving the overall quality of life.

3.11 Social Infrastructure

The JSL is committed to serve its stakeholders sincerely. Its vision and mission indicates the collective and confident wellbeing of the farmers and the workers in particular and socio-economic up-liftment of the society in general.

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• JSL Stands with the collective efforts and confidence of farmers, workers, vendors and mainly valued shareholders have helped in growing ever during the industry down turn. The Unit has given special consideration to shareholder, farmers. JSL is geared up to think beyond the crystal. • To provide energy to the energy starred nation by making best use of its by-product called Bagasse which is converted to power and another by-product called Molasses which is translated to ethanol. To maximize and make best use of Agri industry in India and helping the farmers of the nation who happen to be the backbone of the nation. • To increase the value of shareholders investments with a continuous improvement in financial performance and by adding value to our bi-products. • JSL would like to bring down cost of conversion by adopting economies of scale strategy then company its capacity of sugar production, cogeneration and ethanol by adding additional equipment’s to the existing unit. • JSL plans to grow with the farmers of the region. Company intends to grow and let the farmers of the region grow along with the Company.

Social infrastructure facilities such as schools, hospitals, community halls, markets, colleges, and religious important places are located within 10 km radius from the site. The infrastructural facilities such as roads, electricity, water sources etc., already exist. Due to expansion there will be no additional demand on the physical infrastructure. The social infrastructure such as schools, hospitals transportation etc., are already available and there will not be any additional demand due to the project expansion.

Basic amenities/facilities such as road, power supply, communication, water supply, medical and health check-up facilities, schools and colleges are available within the vicinity of the industry. Workers and staff of the facility will be provided with the necessary personal protective equipment and periodical medical check-ups will be conducted for ensuring welfare of all the employees. The promoters have already established certain infrastructures like hospitals, schools and transport facilities etc., for the localities. These facilities will also be further strengthened by JSL depending on the need and demand.

The unit is well connected by road and railway. SH 34and SH 53 connecting Jamkhandi- Mudhol-Dharwad main road and Jamkhandi –Bilgi road respectively are close to the industry. Workers are using public transport, industry transport facilities and their own vehicles. The industry is well connected by Karnataka State Highway SH-34 and SH-53. The nearest railway station is Kudchi Railway station which is located at distance of 64 km from the industry. The nearest Airport is Belagavi Airport at approximately 125 km from the project site. The site has access of telephone, internet and mobile connectivity. Around 1630 trees of various types are proposed to be planted in the industrial belt.

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Drinking water is sourced from the Krishna River which is about 3kms from the industry. The industry has its own dedicated water supply system. Water is drawn from River Krishna, pumped and treated. The treated water is supplied for the domestic purpose.

Performance of the sugar industry during the last few years

The area is covered with social infrastructure and supportive services for the benefit of the general public. Hence, there is no problem of transport to reach the factory site. Available amenities are as under;

➢ Bus station for factory workers, residents and general public has been provided near the site. ➢ Medical facilities for the public and workers in medical centers near to the site. Belagavi, Vijayapur and Bagalkot are the main centers of all medical services, which is very near to the factory site. ➢ Petrol bunk and other petroleum products on the highways just a few kilometers from the project site. ➢ Roads are linked to state and national highways. ➢ The district administration provides drinking water for public from the nearby dams. ➢ Schools, colleges and other educational institutions as well as post, banks, hospitals, police stations, film theaters, and market are located at the nearby places. ➢ Irrigation sources through Hirepadasalagi Krishna River project

3.11.1 Demographic Structure

Most of the population is found in the villages depend on the ground water and canal water source for their domestic usage. There is no organized water supply or drainage

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 127 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED system in the localities. Agriculture and related activity is the main source of income for their lively hood. Educational facilities are limited to primary and high school levels.

As per official Census of 2011 Bagalkot had population of 18,89,752 of which male and female were 9,50,111 and 9,39,641 respectively. The distributions of population in the study area as per the census record of the 2011 are presented as table below.

Distribution of Population Description 2011 Actual Population 18,89,752 Male 9,50,111 Female 9,39,641 Population Growth 14.40% Average Literacy 68.82 Male Literacy 79.23 Female Literacy 58.40 Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 2,71,908 Male Population (0-6 Age) 1,40,551 Female Population (0-6 Age) 1,31,357 Literates 11,13,412 Male Literates 6,41,388 Female Literates 4,72,024 Child Proportion (0-6 Age) 14.39 % Boys Proportion (0-6 Age) 14.79 % Girls Proportion (0-6 Age) 13.98 %

Source: District census handbook 3.11.2 Literacy Levels

The details of literates and literacy levels in the study area for the year 2011is as appended in table below Particulars Bagalkot Total population 18,89,752 Total literate 11,13,412 Literate male 6,41,388 % of Male literate 79.23 Literate female 4,72,024 % of Female literate 58.40

Source: District census hand book

In the study area there are 10 Taluks and 125 villages. The main occupation of the people is agriculture.

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CHAPTER 4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURE

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CHAPTER 4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ______

4.0 Details of investigated environmental impacts due to project location, possible accidents, project design, project construction, regular operations, final decommissioning or rehabilitation of completed project

Significant impacts involve understanding the causes, condition, effect relationship between the activity and associated impact on the environmental parameters. The impacts from the construction & operation phases of proposed expansion are identified.

4.1 Environmental impacts due to project location, possible accidents, project design 4.1.1 Introduction

Environmental impact in the study area due to the industrial activity alters environmental conditions or creation of new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, reversible or irreversible caused or induced by the activity of the project.

The purpose of this Chapter is to identify the potential impacts on environment with various environmental attributes listed below. The prevailing baseline status with respect to these attributes is already established and present status of environmental attributes within the study area is detailed in Chapter 3. The changes in the baseline due to impact arising out of temporary/recurring activities of the project are assessed to determine the impacts on environment. This data will help in suggesting mitigation measures to ensure that the baseline status is maintained even after the activity resumes whether for short term or long term.

Environmental Attributes a. Air Environment b. Noise Environment c. Water Environment d. Land Environment e. Socio-economic Environment f. Ecology and bio-diversity

4.1.2 Identification & Characterization of Impacts

The wastes and pollutants generated due to various activities of the project cause impacts on different environmental attributes. The secondary impacts are quantified/rated using

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the following matrix with due consideration to SSPD i.e. Scale of Impact, Severity of Impact, Probability of occurrence of Impact and Duration of Impact. The purpose is to segregate the vital impacts from trivial ones to focus with additional attention for these vital impacts for suggesting mitigation measures.

4.1.3 Criteria for determining significance of impact

Matrix for Identification and rating of impacts is given in Table 4.0 and Criteria for rating Scale, Severity, Probability and Duration is given in Table 4.1. Characteristics of Environmental Impact matrix is detailed in Table 4.2

Table 4.0: Matrix for Identification and rating of impacts (Template) IDENTIFICATION AND RATING OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Sl. Activity Cause/ Impact No Aspect Scale Severity Probability Duration Significance 1 to 5 1 to 5 1 to 5 1 to 5 Rating = S x S x P x D

Table 4.1: Criteria for rating Scale, Severity, Probability and Duration Scale S Rating Severity S Rating At the work area 1 Minor Injury requiring first aid 1 Within premises 2 Injury requiring hospitalization 2 Outside Premises in 1 km radius 3 Temporary disability 3 Outside Premises beyond 1 km & less 4 Permanent disability 4 than 5 km radius Beyond 5 km radius 5 Loss of life/s 5

Probability of Occurrence P Rating Duration D Rating Once a Year 1 Less than 1 hour 1 Once a month 2 Less than 4 hours 2 Once a week 3 One day 3 Daily but intermittently 4 More than a day 4 Continuous 5 Few months 5

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Table 4.2: Characteristics of Environmental Impact matrix Identification and Rating of Environmental Impacts Impact Sl. Significance Activity Cause/Aspect Scale Severity Probability Duration No. Rating = 1 to 5 1 to 5 1 to 5 1 to 5 S x S x P x D Construction Phase 1 Civil work Dust getting Air 1 1 4 1 4 like borne levelling/ Noise nuisance 2 1 4 1 4 Excavation Domestic waste 1 1 4 3 12 (includes generation vehicular Spillage of oil 1 1 3 1 3 movement) 2 Erection of Gaseous 1 1 4 1 4 Reactors emissions Operation Phase 1 Operation of Air emissions 3 2 4 3 72 Boilers Wastewater 1 2 4 3 24 generation 2 Operation of Air emissions 1 1 4 1 4 DG sets Noise Nuisance 1 1 4 1 4 3 Manufacturin Fugitive 1 1 4 1 4 g Activity emissions and ETP Noise due to 2 2 4 1 16 operation machinery Domestic 2 1 4 2 16 Wastewater Wastewater 2 2 4 3 48 from Utility Wastewater 2 2 4 3 48 from Process Domestic Solid 1 1 4 1 4 waste Hazardous 2 2 4 1 16 Waste

Those impacts with SSPD score of 24 and above are considered as most significant. Therefore, the impact on air, water and land (HW) are significant.

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4.1.4 Impact due to project location

The project impact may be broadly divided in two phases: A. Construction phase: These impacts may be regarded as temporary or short term and cease with implementation of the project. B. Operation phase: These impacts are continuous and warranting built in permanent measures for mitigation and monitoring.

Construction and operation phase of the project will have an impact on some or the other environmental parameters. Impacts on environmental parameters during construction and operational phase have been studied to estimate the impacts on environment. The impacts have been predicted for the proposed industrial project assuming that the pollution due to the existing activities has already been covered under baseline environmental monitoring.

4.2 Characteristics of Environmental Impacts during the construction Phase and operation Phase 4.2.1 Construction Phase

Construction activity includes civil work and erection of plant and machineries. The major activities during construction phase include: 1. Site preparation and development 2. Vehicular movement 3. Unloading of construction materials and plant machineries 4. On-site storage of construction materials & plant machineries 5. Civil construction work 6. Erection of plant 7. Maintenance of construction machinery 8. Disposal of solid wastes/construction debris

4.2.1.1 Environmental attributes, impact and mitigation measures during Construction stage 4.2.1.1.1 Land Environment – Impacts and Mitigation measures

Impact on Land quality The present proposal of M/s. Jamkhandi Sugars Ltd., Hirepadasalagi, Jamkhandi Tq, Bagalkot dist. is to expand sugarcane crushing capacity, Co-gen power plant capacity and distillery unit with captive power generation. The expansion includes the construction and addition of required additional plant and machinery within the existing industry premises. Since the land is vacant there will not be any disposal of demolition wastes, redundant machinery. Accordingly, there will not be any topographical changes in land environment due to the present proposal. However, following potential impacts are identified and mitigation measures are planned to neutralize or minimize the impact:

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Potential Impacts and Mitigation measures in the order of significance: In order to mitigate the Impact following measures are proposed vis-à-vis the impacts Sl. Impacts Mitigation measures No. 1 Disposal of excavated earth • The excavated earth will be reused for impacting land use pattern backfilling and will be stored within plant premises at area ear marked for the purpose • Surplus soil will be reused for leveling low lying areas and soil stabilization will be completed along with the construction activities 2 Alteration in storm water Storm water drains will be reoriented to avoid movement pattern due to hindrance due to structures built – up keeping construction work resulting in adequate space for stacking excavated earth so impounding of storm water that the storm water does not carry the loose soil impacting land use pattern 3 Vegetation/ Green cover There is no major green cover in the vacant land removal as the land was ear marked for expansion activities. However, some minor vegetation will have to be cleared and the compensatory green development will be taken up before starting the construction activities 4 Change in topography of land It will be ensured that the construction workers use for providing housing will be hired from surrounding area and no housing facility for construction facilities will be developed for construction workers workers

4.2.1.1.2 Water Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures

Impact on surface and Ground Water quality and mitigation measures

Construction activities will lead to alteration of storm water movement pattern. Further, the surface run off will contain eroded soil and other loose construction waste material. The following mitigation measures are suggested against the Impacts.

Potential Impacts and Mitigation measures in the order of significance: In order to mitigate the Impact following measures are proposed vis-à-vis the impacts

Sl. Impacts Mitigation measures No. 1 Alteration in storm water Storm water drains will be reoriented to avoid movement pattern due to hindrance due to structures built – up keeping construction work resulting in adequate space for stacking excavated earth so water streams getting that the storm water does not carry the loose soil.

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contaminated with carried The excavated earth will be stacked at place over loose soil where the storm drains are located 2 Sewage from housing facilities It will be ensured that the construction workers for construction workers will be hired from surrounding area and no housing contaminating the water facilities will be developed for construction streams workers 3 Domestic waste water from Facility will be provided for the workers working at construction workers site so that the waste water is generated from specific area. Septic tank and soak pit system will be provided to curtail the impact due to domestic waste water generated from these specific areas

4.2.1.1.3 Air Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures

Impact on Ambient Air and mitigation measures

The main sources for impact on air quality during construction period are due to: 1. Movement of vehicles and construction equipment at the site over dusty roads and airborne dust from exposed project site will impact on ambient air quality 2. Emissions from vehicles 3. Dust emitted during leveling, foundation works 4. Fugitive dust generated during activities such as loading and unloading of construction materials, transportation of construction material

Potential Impacts and Mitigation measures in the order of significance: In order to mitigate the Impact following measures are proposed vis-à-vis the impacts

Sl. No. Impacts Mitigation measures 1 Impact on AAQ w.r.to 1. Permanent roads will be metalled particulate matter due to 2. Temporary roads will be identified for dust getting airborne movement will be reasonably compacted to during vehicle movements avoid dust generation related to construction 3. Water sprinkling will be done to suppress the work dust generated during excavation, leveling and other operations. 2 Impact on AAQ w.r.to SO2, Use of properly well-maintained construction CO, NOx, Particulate machinery & vehicles with “Pollution Under matter from exhausts of Control” certificate will be deployed for the vehicles deployed for construction work to minimize the impact due to construction work emissions 3 Dust emanating from Construction materials will be unloaded/stored in unloading of construction a barricaded area and covered to avoid dust materials getting air borne

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4 Gases emanating from The welding and cutting jobs will be carried out welding/cutting metal jobs with adequate ventilation/exhaust arrangement.

4.2.1.1.4 Noise environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures:

Impact on ambient noise level and mitigation measures The major sources of noise during the construction phase are vehicles and construction equipment like dozers, scrapers, concrete mixers, cranes, pumps, compressors, pneumatic tools, saws, vibrators etc.

The increase in noise levels during the construction is limited to area within the factory boundary.

Potential Impacts and Mitigation measures in the order of significance: In order to mitigate the Impact following measures are proposed vis-à-vis the impacts

Sl. Impacts Mitigation measures No. 1 Noise impact due to 1. Use of properly well-maintained construction movement of vehicles and machinery & vehicles construction equipment like 2. The vehicular movement will be staggered to dozers, scrapers, concrete minimize the impact mixers, cranes, pumps, 3. Personnel working in high noise areas will be compressors, pneumatic provided with PPE like ear muffs/ear plugs tools, saws, vibrators etc. 4. Civil works will be carried out only during day time

4.2.1.1.5 Biological Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures:

Impact on biological environment • Sound due to construction activities at the site involving machineries and vehicular movement will disturb birds and animals in the area. • Micro flora and fauna at the site are also expected to be affected due to fugitive emission. Mitigation measures: • The mitigation measures suggested in air and noise impact will address the impact on biological environment.

4.2.1.1.6 Socio Economic Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures:

There is no adverse social and economic impact.

The overall picture of the Characteristics of Environmental Impacts during construction phase is given in Table 4.3

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Table 4.3: Characteristics of Environmental Impacts during Construction Phase Activity Environ- Cause Impact characteristics mental Nature Duration Reversible Significance Attributes /irreversible Site Air Quality Excavation for foundation Direct Short Term Reversible Low, as site will be cordoned and

preparation (PM, SO2, negative water sprinkling to be done.

and NOx, CO) development Noise levels Noise generation from Direct Short Term Reversible Low as site will be cordoned earth excavating Negative andit will be ensured that the equipment PPE are used by workers Land Use Industrial land use Direct Long Term Irreversible Low. Negative Vehicular Air Quality Transport of construction Direct Short Term Reversible Medium as regular emission

movement. (PM SO2, material in trucks & Negative checks will be performed

NOx, CO) Exhaust emission from vehicles Noise levels Movement of vehicles Direct Short Term Reversible Low as regular vehicle Negative maintenance will be done and honking in the premises prohibited. Risk Risk of accidents during Direct Long Term Reversible Low, as safety measures will be transit Negative taken to prevent accidents Un-loading of Air Quality Unloading of sand, jelly, Direct Short Term Reversible Low, as unloaded materials will

construction (PM, SO2, metals, bricks, steel, Negative be properly secured from wind

materials and NOx, CO) cement etc., and rain. It will be ensured that storage. the PPE are used by workers Noise levels Noise generation from use Direct Short Term Reversible Low, as it will be ensured that

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of machinery Negative the PPE are used by workers Land and Runoff during rainy season. Direct Long term Reversible Low. The material It will be water wind carrying fugitive dust. positive ensured that the PPE are used by workers stored in a secured manner. Unloading of Noise levels Noise generation from use Direct Short Reversible Low, as it will be ensured that plant and of machinery Negative Term the PPE are used by workers machinery. Civil Air Quality Dust due to the Direct Short Reversible Low, as it will be ensured that construction (PM SO2, construction activity and Negative Term the PPE are used by workers

NOx, CO) movement of construction equipment. water pollution due to cleaning, washing, construction Labourers etc. Use of construction Direct Short Reversible Low, as it will be ensured that equipment.Removal of vegetation, levellingNegative DirectTerm Short the PPE are used by workers Noise levels Reversible Low. Site to be cordoned and water sprinkling to be done. and digging for foundation negative Term

Maintenance Noise Repair of equipment and Direct Short Reversible Low, as it will be ensured that of testing Negative Term the PPE are used by workers construction Land Spillage of oil and grease Direct Short Reversible Low, to be done on an equipment Negative Term impervious surface and spillage and discarded to be collected and disposed scientifically. Disposal of Noise Due to loading Direct Short Reversible Low, as it will be ensured that construction Negative Term the PPE are used by workers debris Noise, air Due to indiscriminate Direct Short Reversible Low as it will be stored in pollution storage and disposal of Negative Term designated area with proper

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and Land debris cover to avoid fugitive dust and runoff. Erection of Gas cutting and welding Direct Short Reversible Low, as the welding and cutting plant and jobs – the release of Negative Term jobs will be carried out with machineries gaseous pollutants. adequate ventilation/exhaust arrangement.

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4.2.2 Operation Phase

The major activities in the site during operational phase involve storage & handling of Sugar cane and Molasses, storage of coal and bagasse; manufacturing activity, operation of boilers, incineration boiler, storage of spent wash, storage of press mud, transfer and storage of products RS/NS/Ethanol. During operation of plant, there are impacts on air, water, land, soil and noise due to Activities.

4.2.2.1 Environmental attributes, impact and mitigation measures during Operation Phase 4.2.2.1.1Land Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures

Impacts: Land contamination

Source of Impact • Discharge of wastewater • Spillage of chemical/spent wash ● Spillage/ disposal of hazardous waste

After implementation of the project, more than 33.75 % of the land area will be already covered with greenery. The study area comprises of agricultural and non-agricultural lands. The main sources which will affect the land environment are by-products from proposed activity i.e. application of treated effluent from sugar and co-generation plant on land for agriculture, boiler ash, Spent wash, ETP sludge and yeast sludge.

Other impacts likely to be caused by effluent discharge on land if not properly managed are: ● Impact on natural vegetation ● Accumulation of salts ● Increase in cropping period ● Increase in the electrical conductivity ● May affect the ground water if infiltration of spent wash takes place ● Soil quality may be affected by accidental leakage and spillage of oils during handling ● Improper segregation and disposal of yeast sludge generated during fermentation process

Mitigation Measures: ● The yeast sludge, press mud and ETP sludge will be bio composted and sold. ● The spent wash will be treated in MEE and used as fuel for incineration boiler. ● Condensate from MEE and Spent lees will be treated in CPU and used for cooling tower makeup water and excess will be taken to fresh water makeup.

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● Hazardous waste i.e. waste oil from DG set will be Stored in a secure manner and dispose for lubricating machineries in sugar plant. ● The domestic solid wastes are segregated at source, collected in bins, will be handed over to authorized recyclers. ● Impervious surface will be provided for storage of hazardous waste in scientific manner and will not be hold it for more than 03 months. Disposed though authorized vendors. ● Boiler ash will be given to brick manufacturers.

4.2.2.1.2 Water Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures:

Impact and Mitigation measures: Impact The information on water utilization and wastewater generation in the proposed expansion is presented in Chapter - 2. The information also includes the built-in facilities and measures for treatment and disposal of waste water proposed to be incorporated in the project.

The impact of water pollution will be on the land, ground water and surface water if not properly managed, handled, treated and disposed.

Mitigation Measures:

(i) Waste Water Treatment and Disposal: a) Sugar plant As explained in chapter 2, for sugar factory fresh water requirement will be mainly for the boiler and co-generation plant. For cooling tower, imbibition etc., the sugar factory excess condensates is treated and reused. The main effluent will be from washing, boiler blowdown and cooling tower bleed.

The effluent treatment plant provided for the existing facility comprises of primary treatment in grit chamber, oil and grease trap, equalization tank, two stage extended aeration system, polishing pond and the treated effluent is used on land of about 60 acres owned by the directors.

In the expansion programme, for sugar plant effluent, an anaerobic digester is proposed as a primary treatment plant. In this digester the BOD will be reduced to about 80 - 85% to reduce the organic load on existing ETP. The existing system is adequate to treat the effluent to the standards stipulated by the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 141 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED b) Co-generation plant The cogeneration plant generates 192 KLD effluent in the form of boiler blowdown. This effluent is given primary treatment and reused as cooling tower makeup water. The cooling tower bleed is mixed with treated effluent of sugar plant and used for irrigation.

C) Distillery plant Water conservation measures such as re-boilers to distillation column, reuse of spent lees water after treatment etc are in practice in the distillery to reduce the generation of wastewater. Similar arrangement will be made for treatment and reuse of effluent in the expansion project also.

(iii) Spent Wash Generation and Treatment for Molasses Based Distillery: Wastewater generated from the proposed project will include 1200 KLD spent wash, highly contaminated with organic and inorganic matter. The Spent wash from distillery is concentrated in MEE. The concentrated spent wash of will be incinerated in boiler as fuel along with coal/bagasse as supplementary fuel. At present there is one 22 TPH boiler. An additional boiler of similar capacity 23 TPH will be provided.

(iv)Spent lees and Utility effluent: The Spent lees and condensate from FFE and MEE; Utility effluent generated in distillery are treated in condensate polishing unit & RO. The treated water is utilized for fermentation, cooling tower make-up. In view of the measures taken as above there is no adverse effect of spent wash or other effluents on the environment. The distillery will work on the principle of 'Zero Liquid Discharge'.

(v) Domestic effluent: Can impact the ground water and surface water and also the land. However, 54 KLD domestic sewage is treated in Septic tank and soak pit/connected to CPU. Treatment and utilization of wastewater is given in Table 4.4.

Table 4.4: Treatment and utilization of wastewater Sl. Source Disposal No. Sugar plant Effluent Management 1 The water generated from the Treated in CPU and used in the sugar plant and process cooling tower. Excess treated effluent is taken to polishing pond and used for irrigation 2 Sugar plant Effluent Treated in ETP and used for irrigation Co-generation effluent 1 Mainly cooling tower blow Treated along with Sugar plant effluent down and boiler blow down Distillery Effluent Management 1 a. Raw Spent wash Concentrated in falling film evaporator

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followed by multiple effect evaporation system and then used as fuel in incineration boiler. Condensate treated in CPU and RO 2 Spent lees. Spent lees and condensate water from 3 MEE condensate evaporator will be treated in condensate Polishing unit - CPU, RO and reused 4 Back wash from water Treated in RO, permeate is reused and rejects treatment plant, CPU reject, taken to MEE Boiler blow down, Cooling tower bleed and miscellaneous. 5 Domestic effluent Septic tank and soak pit/connected to CPU

4.2.2.1.3 Air environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures sugar, co-gen and distillery The operational phase of the project comprises of various activities each of which will have an impact on air quality. The impact on air quality is from incineration boiler stack, due to burning of spent wash/coal/bagasse as fuel, DG set and vehicular movement. Also, there is the emission of CO2 from the fermentation process. The pollutants of concern are,

Particulate Matter (PM), SO2, NOx and CO2.

CO2 will be converted to liquid CO2 and sold for further use.

Sources of air pollution and pollutants

Sl. No. Source Major Pollutants

1 Boiler emissions PM, SO2 and NOx

2 DG set emissions SO2 and NOx 3 Fugitive emissions PM

4 Process emission from CO2 Fermentation in distillery

1. Boiler emissions: Impacts: Impact due to fuel used in the boiler - bagasse. The impact is on the air quality due to the emission of pollutants emitted from boilers i.e., PM, SO2 and NOx.

The Table 4.5shows the sources of emission and the pollution control measures in the existing and proposed new boilers;

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Table 4.5: Air pollution sources and Mitigation Measures Sl. Source Fuel used Pollutant Chimney APC system Remarks No. (proposed) Height (m) provided/ proposed 1 90 TPH Bagasse and Particulate 90 m AGL ESP Existing Boiler coal matter not 2 70 TPH Bagasse to exceed 56 m AGL Wet scrubber Existing Boiler 150 3 70 TPH Bagasse mg/Nm3 56 m AGL ESP Proposed boiler expansion 4 22 TPH Concentrated 80 m AGL Bag filter Existing spent wash common and coal chimney 5 23 TPH Concentrated ESP Proposed spent wash expansion 6 DG set HSD 20 m AGL Acoustic enclosures Existing 750 KVA

4.2.2.1.3.1 Air pollution dispersion modelling studies

Dispersion models have been used to estimate or predict the downwind concentration of air pollutants emitted from sources. The models are typically employed to determine whether existing APC facilities are adequate to control or proposed new air pollutions sources impact on the Ambient Air Quality to remain within the limits specified under National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).

Prediction of impacts on the air environment has been carried out using Lakes Environmental Software, Version 19191 and designed for multiple sources for predicting the maximum ground level concentration (GLC).

Model Input Data Proposed project is expansion of integrated sugar, distillery and captive power plant. The following point sources of Air pollution are considered in the mathematical modelling study. Data considered for calculation of GLC is in Table 4.6

Table 4.6: Data Considered for Calculation of GLC

Particular Fuel Stack Stack Stack Gas SPM10 SO2 NOx Remarks height Dia. exit gas velo. g/s g/s g/s in m in m temp in in o C m/s Boiler 90 Bagasse Existing 90 3 131 8.02 4.227 0.518 1.152 TPH Boiler 70 Bagasse Existing 56 3 122 7.89 4.738 0.499 1.006 TPH

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Boiler 70 Bagasse Proposed 56 3 122 7.89 4.738 0.499 1.006 TPH Boiler 23 Con. Spent Proposed TPH wash/Coal 80 3.5 /bagasse 112 7.55 5.664 0.697 1.549

Boiler 22 Con. Spent Existing TPH wash/Coal/bagasse Site specific Meteorological data from Envitrans, New Delhi has been used for computations.

Presentation of Results The simulations were made to evaluate incremental concentrations due to existing & proposed activity of the industry within study area of 10 km.

In the simulations, the incremental concentrations were estimated to obtain an optimum dispersion of variations in concentrations within study area of 10 km radius. The maximum concentration levels & the incremental concentrations at various locations within study area due to the existing and emerging scenario are tabulated in Table 4.7 and Comparision of baseline values & incremental concentration with AAQ standards is in Table 4.8

Table 4.7: Predicted Maximum (10 km radius) Incremental Concentrations from existing and proposed point sources Maximum predicted Description Distance & Direction concentrations, µg/m3 Suspended Particulate 5.31 Matter (SPM) 0.2 km from sources, near industry

Sulfur di-oxide (SO2) 0.585 boundary, towards NW direction

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) 1.312 Air modelling dispersion for maximum values for are shown in Figure 4.0, 4.1 and 4.2 below

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Figure 4.0: Air modelling dispersion maximum value – SPM

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Figure 4.1: Air modelling dispersion maximum value – Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)

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st Figure 4.2: Air modelling dispersion 1 highest value – Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

The maximum short-term incremental ground-level concentrations are compared with the baseline data to get the likely resultant levels during peak loads. The maximum concentrations that can be attained during peak loads are tabulate in Table 4.8.

Table 4.8: Resultant Maximum 24 Hourly Concentrations Pollutant Units Incremental Max. Baseline Max Resultant Limits as per MoEF concentrations concentrations concentration for industrial areas at peak load (24 hrs) Plant area 1 SPM µg/m3 5.33156 75.9 81.21356 100 3 SO2 µg/m 0.58879 20.7 21.28879 80 3 NO2 µg/m 1.31282 37.3 38.61282 80 Plant area 2 SPM µg/m3 5.33156 73.9 79.23156 100 3 SO2 µg/m 0.58879 27.4 27.98879 80 3 NOx µg/m 1.31282 38.3 39.61282 80 Administrative office SPM µg/m3 5.33156 75.3 80.63156 100 3 SO2 µg/m 0.58879 21.9 22.48879 80 3 NOx µg/m 1.31282 39.2 40.51282 80 Township

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SPM µg/m3 5.33156 61.6 66.93156 100 3 SO2 µg/m 0.58879 18.5 19.08879 80 3 NOx µg/m 1.31282 32.5 33.81282 80 Hirepadasalagi SPM µg/m3 5.33156 63.3 68.63156 100 3 SO2 µg/m 0.58879 16.9 17.48879 80 3 NOx µg/m 1.31282 30.2 31.51282 80 Adilhudihatti SPM µg/m3 5.33156 62.3 67.63156 100 3 SO2 µg/m 0.58879 19.2 19.78879 80 3 NO2 µg/m 1.31282 36.3 37.61282 80 Naganur SPM µg/m3 5.33156 62.8 68.46156 100 3 SO2 µg/m 0.58879 19.2 19.78879 80 3 NOx µg/m 1.31282 30.9 32.21282 80 Todalbagi SPM µg/m3 5.33156 62.8 68.13156 100 3 SO2 µg/m 0.58879 18.7 19.28879 80 3 NOx µg/m 1.31282 33.8 35.11282 80 Takkalaki SPM µg/m3 5.33156 63.3 68.63156 100 3 SO2 µg/m 0.58879 19.5 20.08879 80 3 NOx µg/m 1.31282 36.8 38.11282 80

2. Fugitive emissions

Impacts: Fugitive emissions are mainly due to handling of coal/bagasse and the ash generated, dispersed and collected from the air pollution control equipment. The movement of vehicles will also cause impact but the impact is momentary and not significant. Treated effluent from CPU will be used for water sprinkling on roads and other locations of dust sources to control fugitive emissions. Impact due to fugitive emission is on air quality increase in the concentration of particulate matter.

Mitigation measures: ● Greenbelt and greenery development around storage yards and planting trees on either side of roads and around the periphery of the industry. ● Treated effluent spray and sprinkling is practiced at roads and near loading & unloading locations. The roads will be sprayed with water through tractor tankers. ● The conveyors of fuel are suitably covered with hood or enclosures to control fugitive emissions. ● All internal roads in the premise shall be paved /tarred.

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● The ash collection system at the APC equipment is designed to avoid the fugitive dust.

4.2.2.1.4 Noise Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures:

Impacts: During the operation phase noise will be generated from DG set 750 kVA, fans, centrifuge, steam traps, steam vents etc.

Impact is the increase in the noise level

Mitigation measures: ● DG sets are in acoustic enclosure. ● Dampers will be provided to machineries to avoid rattling due to vibration ● The workmen who will be exposed to relatively higher levels of noise intermittently will be mandated to wear ear muffs / plugs. ● It is suggested that the workmen positions will be rotated periodically to prevent permanent hearing loss. ● Other than the regular maintenance of the various equipment, PPE such as ear plugs/muffs are recommended for the personnel working close to the noise generating units ● All moving parts of machineries will be well lubricated and provided with enclosures as far as possible to reduce noise transmission.

4.2.2.1.5 Biological Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures:

The study area is mainly agricultural land. The main vegetation in the reserved forest are scrubs and having rocky out crops. The water bodies in the vicinity of the site are River Krishna which is at 3 km from the project site. There are no endangered flora and fauna species in the study area. The project activities are restricted to the factory site except the transportation of raw material and products. There is no discharge of solid or liquid wastes to the environment. No impact of project on biological environment is expected.

4.2.2.1.6 Socio Economic Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures

Construction of Chikkapadasalgi and Heggur barrages on co-operative is the unique work done by the leadership in the region. It brought 35000 acres of land under irrigation and solved the drinking water problem of 30 villages. Besides, it has brought 35000 acres (under cultivation) of land under irrigation, which is the main benefit to the sugar factory in terms of growing sugarcane. The sugar mill needs about 15000 acres of sugarcane of 100% capacity utilization.

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The JSL has been registered under Companies Act, 1956 vide Registration No. 08/14570 on 26th July 1993. The Sugar factory is located at Hirepadasalagi village situated about 20 km from Jamkhandi town, Bagalkot district. The site is at a distance of 5 km from Vijayapura – Dharwad state highway. River Krishna is flowing at a distance of 3 km from the site in South Eastern direction. The trial of production of sugar plant of 2500TCD was begun in April May 2001. The commercial production of sugar started in October 2001. The molasses-based distillery unit is added in the year 2017.The industry has obtained valid combined consent order under the Water Act and the Air Act vide No.AWH-301061 from KSPCB and the same is valid up to 30.06.2021. The industry hasthe authorization under the Hazardous & Other Wastes (Management and Tran’s boundary Movement) Rules, 2016 with validity up to 30.06.2021.

Social Screening The corresponding sections deals with the socio-economic survey report from the families affected by expansion of the Jamkhandi Sugar project. It helps in planning for mitigation measures against any adverse impacts. Participatory experience provides the real facts and the figures about the project impact on the area in general and the livelihood in particular.

The project plan and the project site have been carefully studied. The aspects and the segments of impacts on various sections have been identified. The field work of family survey will be conducted after the public hearing.

The field survey thus proposed to,  identify all structures within the impact zone  identify all families within the impact zone  provide some identification token for having covered under the survey  identify family members by age, education and skill levels  assess type and extent of loss to each family  categorize families as per the type and extent of loss  identify and quantify loss of infrastructure

The area within the radius of 10 km from the project has been earmarked. It covers 18 villages. The socio - economic study of project affected households will cover; demography details, operational holding, cropping pattern, employment status and migration pattern, household income. The SIA includes the steps in Social Screening by observation, review of literature and baseline socio-economic survey through a structured questionnaire. Consultations with the affected group, beneficiaries group and experts in the local area will help to recognize the local problems.

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Sampling Socio-economic study of the study area will be carried out through a field survey with a structured questionnaire (designed by Samrakshan, Bangalore). The field survey consists of the detail assessment of the impact on the livelihood of the local communities.

Source: 1. https://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/5443-jamkhandi-bagalkot- karnataka.html 2. https://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/5449-bijapur-bijapur- karnataka.html 3. https://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/5434-athni-belgaum- karnataka.html

Census survey is not essential when the samples are systematically selected to represent the universe. Using the Yamne’s formula, the number of sampling will be derived with the help of the formula given as under; n = N / 1 + N (e) 2 Where, n = Sample size N = Population size e = Sampling error (0.055)

Population size of the selected households in the study area (N) is 17968. Of which we are expected to make sample size (n) by using the formula as above with (e) 2 value as fixed at 0.0552.

The actual figure we arrived at is 324, with the help of which we come to the conclusion about the project SIA. n = 17968/ 1 + 17968 (0.055) 2 n = 17968/1 + 17968 (0.003025) n = 17968/ 1 + 54.35 n = 324

The sampling has no stratification since the households are assumed to be the homogeneous groups of the society representing the social impact of the project. Even, we have not derived the Kth sample for conducting the impact study. It would be very difficult to prepare the list of the households in the selected locality of 18 villages. We used the free-lance offer with first come first interviewed method to assess the impact. We used the structured questionnaire for conducting the interviews. The collected data information is processed and tabulated as per the social and economic parameters identified for measuring the impact of the project on the households.

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Objectives of the field survey

The socio-economic study of the expansion project has set the following objectives in the assessment of socio-economic condition as given below. 1. To evaluate parameters defining socio-economic condition of the population. 2. Analysis of the identified socio attributes like, population distribution, availability of public utilities, socio-economic livelihood etc. through literature like District Census Handbook, Agricultural Census, N S S study rounds etc. 3. Public opinion for future industrialization in the study area. And the social impact on the general livelihood of the population after the industrial project. A study on willingness to pay and willingness to accept has been conducted.

Sources of information: As per the scope of the study, the information on socio-economic aspects has been gathered and compiled from several secondary sources. These include Taluka Office, District Commissioner, Agriculture Department, Irrigation Department, Central Ground Water Board, Department of Mines and Geology etc. The demographic data has mainly been compiled from the ‘District Census Handbook and the Socio-Economic Report on District, as these documents are comprehensive and authentic. The relevant project report and other relevant documents, census data, land records and maps, project designs/maps, literature on the project area and its people were also well recognised and understood in respect of the project expansion and the extension.

Demographic Features of the Study Area: The study area covers the Karnataka (Gokak and Hukkeri talukas) and the Maharashtra (Gadhingllaj taluka) villages. The demographic characteristics of the sample villages enumerated as under;

Hirepadasalagi: Hirepadasalagi is a large village located in Jamkhandi Taluka of Bagalkot district, with total 1266 families residing. The village has population of 7112, of which 3659 are males while 3453 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Hirepadasalagi village population of children with age 0-6 is 1245 which make up 17.51 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Hirepadasalagi village is 944 which is lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Hirepadasalagi as per census is 910, lower than Karnataka average of 948.

Hirepadasalagi village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of Hirepadasalagi village was 58.04 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. In Hirepadasalagi Male literacy stands at 65.38 % while female literacy rate was 50.31 %.

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Profile of the Hirepadasalagi village. Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of Houses 1,266 - - Population 7,112 3,659 3,453 Child (0-6) 1,245 652 593 Schedule Caste 1,050 504 546 Schedule Tribe 4 1 3 Literacy 58.04 % 65.38 % 50.31 % Total Workers 2,924 1,865 1,059 Main Worker 2,773 - - Marginal Worker 151 81 70

Source:https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/598466-hirepadasalgi- Karnataka.html

Chikkapadasalgi : Chikkapadasalgi is a large village located in Jamkhandi Taluka with total 810 families residing. The Chikkapadasalgi village has population of 4150 of which 2096 are males while 2054 are females.

In Chikkapadasalgi village population of children with age 0-6 is 520 which make up 12.53 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Chikkapadasalgi village is 980 which is higher than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Chikkapadasalgi as per census is 962, higher than Karnataka average of 948.

Chikkapadasalgi village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of Chikkapadasalgi village was 64.49 %. Male literacy stands at 75.75 % while female literacy rate was 53.03 %. Profile of the Chikkapadasalgi village Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of Houses 810 - - Population 4,150 2,096 2,054 Child (0-6) 520 265 255 Schedule Caste 834 408 426 Schedule Tribe 4 3 1 Literacy 64.49 % 75.75 % 53.03 % Total Workers 1,475 1,051 424 Main Worker 1,265 - - Marginal Worker 210 118 92

Source:https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/598466-hirepadasalgi karnataka.html

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Savalagi: Savalagi is a large village with total 2381 families residing. The village has population of 12506 of which 6486 are males while 6020 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Savalagi village population of children with age 0-6 is 1836 which make up 14.68 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Savalagi village is 928 which is lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Savalagi as per census is 847, lower than Karnataka average of 948.Savalagi village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of Savalagi village was 66.19 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. Male literacy stands at 73.45 % while female literacy rate was 58.50 %.

Profile of the Savlagi Village Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of Houses 2,381 - - Population 12,506 6,486 6,020 Child (0-6) 1,836 994 842 Schedule Caste 2,077 1,043 1,034 Schedule Tribe 97 51 46 Literacy 66.19 % 73.45 % 58.50 % Total Workers 5,784 3,341 2,443 Main Worker 4,846 - - Marginal Worker 938 371 567

Source:https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/598466-hirepadasalgi- karnataka.html

Takkalaki: Takkalaki is a large village with total 406 families residing. It has population of 2183 of which 1128 are males while 1055 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Takkalaki village population of children with age 0-6 is 366 which make up 16.77 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Takkalaki village is 935 which is lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Takkalaki as per census is 777, lower than Karnataka average of 948.Takkalaki village has lower literacy rate at 66.59 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. In Takkalaki Male literacy stands at 75.92 % while female literacy rate was 56.98 %.

Profile of the Takkalaki Village Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of Houses 406 - - Population 2,183 1,128 1,055 Child (0-6) 366 206 160 Schedule Caste 266 146 120

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Schedule Tribe 2 1 1 Literacy 66.59 % 75.92 % 56.98 % Total Workers 790 546 244 Main Worker 785 - - Marginal Worker 5 5 0

Source:https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/598466-hirepadasalgi- karnataka.html

Gadyal: Gadyal is a large village with total 664 families residing. The village has population of 3598 of which 1853 are males while 1745 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Gadyal village population of children with age 0-6 is 524 which make up 14.56 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Gadyal village is 942 which is lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Gadyal as per census is 892, lower than Karnataka average of 948.

Gadyal village has lower literacy rate at 56.64 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. Male literacy stands at 63.45 % while female literacy rate was 49.47 %.

Profile of the Gadyal Village Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of Houses 664 - - Population 3,598 1,853 1,745 Child (0-6) 524 277 247 Schedule Caste 336 156 180 Schedule Tribe 0 0 0 Literacy 56.64 % 63.45 % 49.47 % Total Workers 1,918 1,008 910 Main Worker 1,491 - - Marginal Worker 427 139 288

Source:https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/598466-hirepadasalgi- karnataka.html

Naganur: Naganur is a large village with total 406 families residing. The village has population of 2212 of which 1109 are males while 1103 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Naganur village population of children with age 0-6 is 311 which make up 14.06 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of is 995 which is higher than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio is 1145, higher than Karnataka average of 948.

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Naganur village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of Naganur village was 69.44 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. In Naganur Male literacy stands at 79.98 % while female literacy rate was 58.59 %.

Profile of the Naganur village Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of 406 - - Houses Population 2,212 1,109 1,103 Child (0-6) 311 145 166 Schedule Caste 435 216 219 Schedule Tribe 0 0 0 Literacy 69.44 % 79.98 % 58.59 % Total Workers 779 582 197 Main Worker 551 - - Marginal Worker 228 131 97

Source:https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/598466-hirepadasalgi- karnataka.html

Adihudi: Adihudi is a large village with total 1009 families residing. The Adihudi village has population of 5407 of which 2773 are males while 2634 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Adihudi village population of children with age 0-6 is 920 which make up 17.01 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Adihudi village is 950 which is lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Adihudi is 925, lower than Karnataka average of 948. Adihudi village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of Adihudi village was 60.40 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. In Adihudi Male literacy stands at 69.28 % while female literacy rate was 51.09 %.

Profile of the Adihudi village. Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of Houses 1,009 - - Population 5,407 2,773 2,634 Child (0-6) 920 478 442 Schedule Caste 479 236 243 Schedule Tribe 5 3 2 Literacy 60.40 % 69.28 % 51.09 % Total Workers 2,181 1,353 828

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Main Worker 1,759 - - Marginal Worker 422 51 371

Source:https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/598466-hirepadasalgi- karnataka.html

Bidari: Bidari is a large village with total 1071 families residing. The Bidari village has population of 5515 of which 2731 are males while 2784 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Bidari village population of children with age 0-6 is 810 which make up 14.69 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Bidari village is 1019 which is higher than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Bidari as per census is 1061, higher than Karnataka average of 948.

Bidari village has lower literacy rate at 64.63 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. In Bidari Male literacy stands at 73.52 % while female literacy rate was 55.85 %.

Profile of the Bidari village Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of Houses 1,071 - - Population 5,515 2,731 2,784 Child (0-6) 810 393 417 Schedule Caste 1,043 524 519 Schedule Tribe 364 180 184 Literacy 64.63 % 73.52 % 55.85 % Total Workers 2,554 1,468 1,086 Main Worker 2,431 - - Marginal Worker 123 68 55

Source:https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/598466-hirepadasalgi- karnataka.html

Gunadal (Vijaypur District) : Gunadal is a large village located in Bijapur Taluka of Bijapur district, with total 502 families residing. The village has population of 2803 of which 1470 are males while 1333 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Gunadal village population of children with age 0-6 is 468 which make up 16.70 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Gunadal village is 907 which is lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Gunadal as per census is 828, lower than Karnataka average of 948.

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Gunadal village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of Gunadal village was 65.95 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. Male literacy stands at 77.43 % while female literacy rate was 53.52 %.

Profile of the Gunadal village Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of Houses 502 - - Population 2,803 1,470 1,333 Child (0-6) 468 256 212 Schedule Caste 428 236 192 Schedule Tribe 26 14 12 Literacy 65.95 % 77.43 % 53.52 % Total Workers 1,135 737 398 Main Worker 1,112 - - Marginal Worker 23 17 6 Source : http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/599139-gunadal-karnataka.html

Kambagi (Vijaypur District): Kambagi is a large village located in Bijapur Taluka of Bijapur district, with total 522 families residing. The Kambagi village has population of 3170 of which 1606 are males while 1564 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Kambagi village population of children with age 0-6 is 563 which make up 17.76 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Kambagi village is 974 which is higher than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Kambagi as per census is 870, lower than Karnataka average of 948.

Kambagi village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of Kambagi village was 59.23 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. In Kambagi Male literacy stands at 69.12 % while female literacy rate was 49.31 %.

Profile of the Kambagi village Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of Houses 522 - - Population 3,170 1,606 1,564 Child (0-6) 563 301 262 Schedule Caste 485 241 244 Schedule Tribe 10 5 5 Literacy 59.23 % 69.12 % 49.31 % Total Workers 933 788 145 Main Worker 906 - - Marginal Worker 27 21 6

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Source: http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/599130-kambagi-karnataka.html

Gothe: Gothe is a large village located in Jamkhandi Taluka of Bagalkot district, with total 1013 families residing. The Gothe village has population of 5357 of which 2735 are males while 2622 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Gothe village population of children with age 0-6 is 783 which make up 14.62 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Gothe village is 959 which is lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Gothe as per census is 958, higher than Karnataka average of 948.

Gothe village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of Gothe village was 61.22 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. Male literacy stands at 69.72 % while female literacy rate was 52.34 %.

Profile of the Gothe village Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of 1,013 - - Houses Population 5,357 2,735 2,622 Child (0-6) 783 400 383 Schedule Caste 875 434 441 Schedule Tribe 0 0 0 Literacy 61.22 % 69.72 % 52.34 % Total Workers 2,360 1,421 939 Main Worker 2,149 - - Marginal Worker 211 43 168

Source:https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/598466-hirepadasalgi- karnataka.html

Nidoni (Vijaypur District): Nidoni is a large village located in Bijapur Taluka of Bijapur district, with total 1201 families residing. The village has population of 6648 of which 3393 are males while 3255 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Nidoni village population of children with age 0-6 is 969 which make up 14.58 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio is 959 which is lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Nidoni as per census is 986, higher than Karnataka average of 948.

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Nidoni village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of Nidoni village was 62.44 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. Male literacy stands at 71.88 % while female literacy rate was 52.56 %.

Profile of the Nidoni village Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of 1,201 - - Houses Population 6,648 3,393 3,255 Child (0-6) 969 488 481 Schedule Caste 840 414 426 Schedule Tribe 10 5 5 Literacy 62.44 % 71.88 % 52.56 % Total Workers 3,199 1,795 1,404 Main Worker 1,879 - - Marginal Worker 1,320 308 1,012

Source: http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/599120-nidoni-karnataka.html

Babaleshwar (Vijaypur District): Babaleshwar is a large village located in Bijapur Taluka of Bijapur district, with total 2133 families residing. The village has population of 10645 of which 5405 are males while 5240 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Babaleshwar village population of children with age 0-6 is 1443 which make up 13.56 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Babaleshwar village is 969 which is lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Babaleshwar as per census is 896, lower than Karnataka average of 948.

Babaleshwar village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of Babaleshwar village was 65.87 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. Male literacy stands at 74.78 % while female literacy rate was 56.78 %.

Profile of the Babaleshwar village Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of Houses 2,133 - - Population 10,645 5,405 5,240 Child (0-6) 1,443 761 682 Schedule Caste 1,997 1,002 995 Schedule Tribe 75 43 32 Literacy 65.87 % 74.78 % 56.78 % Total Workers 4,581 2,871 1,710

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Main Worker 4,358 - - Marginal Worker 223 68 155

Source:https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/599118-babaleshwar- karnataka.html

Halalli (Belgavi District): Halalli is a large village located in Athni Taluka of Belgaum district, with total 590 families residing. The Halalli village has population of 3105 of which 1591 are males while 1514 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Halalli village population of children with age 0-6 is 466 which make up 15.01 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Halalli village is 952 which is lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Halalli as per census is 1017, higher than Karnataka average of 948.

Halalli village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of Halalli village was 60.29 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. Male literacy stands at 68.90 % while female literacy rate was 51.13 %.

Profile of the Halalli village Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of Houses 590 - - Population 3,105 1,591 1,514 Child (0-6) 466 231 235 Schedule Caste 244 123 121 Schedule Tribe 17 8 9 Literacy 60.29 % 68.90 % 51.13 % Total Workers 1,544 856 688 Main Worker 1,481 - - Marginal Worker 63 27 36

Source: https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/597341-halalli-karnataka.html

Tubachi: Tubachi is a large village located in Jamkhandi Taluka of Bagalkot district, with total 434 families residing. The Tubachi village has population of 2251 of which 1166 are males while 1085 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Tubachi village population of children with age 0-6 is 277 which make up 12.31 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Tubachi village is 931 which is lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Tubachi as per census is 1022, higher than Karnataka average of 948.

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Tubachi village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of Tubachi village was 74.27 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. Male literacy stands at 85.62 % while female literacy rate was 61.90 %.

Profile of the Tubachi village Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of 434 - - Houses Population 2,251 1,166 1,085 Child (0-6) 277 137 140 Schedule Caste 323 168 155 Schedule Tribe 0 0 0 Literacy 74.27 % 85.62 % 61.90 % Total Workers 1,039 629 410 Main Worker 942 - - Marginal Worker 97 5 92

Source:https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/598466-hirepadasalgi- karnataka.html

Shurpali: Shurpali is a large village with total 666 families residing. The Shurpali village has population of 3114 of which 1598 are males while 1516 are females as per Population Census 2011

In Shurpali village population of children with age 0-6 is 501 which make up 16.09 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Shurpali village is 949 which is lower than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Shurpali as per census is 920, lower than Karnataka average of 948.

Shurpali village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of Shurpali village was 66.25 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. Male literacy stands at 76.66 % while female literacy rate was 55.33 %.

Profile of the Shurpali village Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of Houses 666 - - Population 3,114 1,598 1,516 Child (0-6) 501 261 240 Schedule Caste 459 241 218 Schedule Tribe 3 2 1 Literacy 66.25 % 76.66 % 55.33 %

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Total Workers 1,370 807 563 Main Worker 1,247 - - Marginal Worker 123 40 83

Source:https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/598466-hirepadasalgi- karnataka.html

Todalbagi: Todalbagi is a large village with total 1630 families residing. The Todalbagi village has population of 8598 of which 4352 are males while 4246 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Todalbagi village population of children with age 0-6 is 1388 which make up 16.14 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio is 976 which is higher than Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Todalbagi as per census is 991, higher than Karnataka average of 948.

Todalbagi village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of Todalbagi village was 63.86 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. Male literacy stands at 71.46 % while female literacy rate was 56.03 %.

Profile of the Todalbagi village Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of 1,630 - - Houses Population 8,598 4,352 4,246 Child (0-6) 1,388 697 691 Schedule Caste 1,461 727 734 Schedule Tribe 49 23 26 Literacy 63.86 % 71.46 % 56.03 % Total Workers 3,426 2,248 1,178 Main Worker 2,733 - - Marginal Worker 693 317 376

Source:https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/598466-hirepadasalgi- karnataka.html

Tungal: Tungal is a large village with total 1345 families residing. The village has population of 7257 of which 3668 are males while 3589 are females as per Population Census 2011.

In Tungal village population of children with age 0-6 is 1020 which make up 14.06 % of total population of village. Average Sex Ratio of Tungal village is 978 which is higher than

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Karnataka state average of 973. Child Sex Ratio for the Tungal as per census is 958, higher than Karnataka average of 948.

Tungal village has lower literacy rate compared to Karnataka. In 2011, literacy rate of Tungal village was 60.57 % compared to 75.36 % of Karnataka. Male literacy stands at 68.54 % while female literacy rate was 52.46 %.

Profile of the Tungal village Particulars Total Male Female Total No. of Houses 1,345 - - Population 7,257 3,668 3,589 Child (0-6) 1,020 521 499 Schedule Caste 1,365 689 676 Schedule Tribe 5 3 2 Literacy 60.57 % 68.54 % 52.46 % Total Workers 3,233 1,978 1,255 Main Worker 2,121 - - Marginal Worker 1,112 230 882

Source:https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/598466-hirepadasalgi- karnataka.html

4.2.3 Employment Generation (Direct and Indirect)

The industry requires educated and skilled staff. The total number of employment both direct and indirect is 533 Nos. There will be requirement of additional manpower of 75employees for the proposed expansion activity. Most of the workforce is from the local area. Indirectly casual laborers will be employed, and there is also potential for other business opportunities such as hired vehicles for the transportation of the raw materials, products and by-products contractors, sugar cane cultivation, harvesting and transportation, etc. from the Jamkhandi Sugars Limited has proposed to expand the activities by enhancing sugarcane crushing capacity from existing 5000 TCD to 11,500 TCD, Co-Generation capacity from 27 MW to 34 MW and Distillery capacity from 60 KLPD to 150 KLPD with co-gen plant form 2.2MW to 2.5MW.

The project is interdependent on the production of sugar cane in the area allotted by the Government of Karnataka the bagasse will be used for the co-generation and the molasses and intermediate molasses like B-heavy and C- heavy molasses from the sugar will be used for the distillery.

Cultural resilience The cultural vulnerability is observed in most of the modern societies. With growth of economic provisioning the vulnerability goes up. But the villages covered under survey

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 165 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED protect the resilience level at the higher level averaged at 1. Even after the growth it will be maintained by the villages. Every village is having a temple. Rituals are regularly conducted in such villages. People worship the God and Goddesses. The socio-cultural vulnerability index is very less averaged at 1 in the villages. The cultural resilience is least vulnerable or increasing resilience in the study area (see fig below). Cultural resilience: least vulnerable or increasing resilience

Cultural Resilience The cultural resilience can be identical through; • Renovation of the village temples • Following the cultural traditions • Weekly marketing, fair, jatra-yatra in the villages • Gender balancing attitudes • Sanskarkedras,Balwadis, Anganwadis • NGOs, Youth clubs and Groups for social transformation and service to the society

General Impact of the Project 1. Proposed project will help to increase the socio-economic status of the local people. This industry will provide Sugar, power and RS/ENA/Ethanol which will earn and save foreign exchange in blending in petrol. Project will create direct employment opportunities to 150 people and indirect employment opportunities to around 100 people in the area. Indirect employment can be developed in the farm and off farm activities. A rupee spent on capital will generate Rs 3.25 of District Domestic Product. Revenue expenditure in the area will create purchasing power of the consumers, which intend to invest in consumer goods sector. Small micro enterprises will be grown in the factory area. 2. The project requires educated and skilled staff at expanded sugar factory as well as cogeneration unit. The indirect employment is anticipated to be plenty, since the project is going to produce surplus power. This power may be used to run various businesses and agricultural activities. 3. The sugar industry must think beyond just producing sugar, to also producing electricity, bio-fuels for transportation and oils to replace traditional plastics. Sugarcane may not remain crop for producing sugar. It will be replaced by ENERGYCANE soon. In this perspective the production of bio-fuel, bio-plastic and bio- energy would be an economic opportunity to the present sugar factory in future.

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4. JSL located in nearby Town area. Its management thought that it would be advantageous to improve the living conditions of people in and around the plant site by adding expanding the crushing capacity and the other by product processing unit in the sugar mill area. It also proposes to employ local skilled and unskilled workers. It will therefore, generate employment in the local area. In turn local people can avoid uncertainty of job, raise their living standard, do supplementary jobs of cane and other farming, cattle, poultry, brick making unit etc. thus to stabilize and prosper in life. This will surely be a positive impact. 5. The rural-urban migration will be reduced through this project. The rate of migration in drought area remains high. The drought area is least bothered of the migration. The project further reduces the migration since it provides direct and indirect employment opportunities in the region. 6. Infrastructural development obviously helps to grow the transport modes and means in the region. More than 90% of the families were in the positive response of growing transport facilities in the villages due to the sugar factory. 7. The business avenues in the villages will grow with the project. Small enterprising activities in the villages will grow due to the project in the area. Self and wage employment provides an opportunity to implement the inclusive grow model. Inclusiveness also increases with project, which brings out the elimination of the poverty in the region. People will not feel excluded. The rate of return on such incidences remains higher than the development of the developed one. 8. Based on the growing demand in the State, the proximity of the project location to market is an advantage with respect to reduction in freight to sugar to these market and in nearby towns. 9. Around Hirepadasalagi Village and in the area allotted by Government of Karnataka, there is potential to harness additional sugar cane by encouraging the farmers to adopt the latest agriculture technics for which the company is giving necessary financial and technical support to the farmers. As sugarcane is a commercial crop the farmers will be benefitted and their economic condition will be improved. 10. The local skilled and semiskilled workers will get the employment benefit and other than direct employment so any indirect employment opportunity will be available for the local people. The present project will also contribute the revenue of the central and state exchequer by means of payment of various taxes applicable to the similar types industries. In overall the project is beneficial to the local people. 11. As far as expansion of distillery is concerned the production of Ethanol will support the Govt. of India vision to increase in blending petrol with Ethanol by 20% by 2030 to reduce emission & to improve air quality will be met.

Expected cane availability for next five years The JSL has adequate existing infrastructure on the factory owned premises. There are no project affected persons of any kind. Hence Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan is not required. The proposed sugar factory is justified as there is adequate availability of sugarcane in the command area of the factory. The modernization and expansion of sugar

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 167 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED factory capacity and co-generation power generation is contemplated for timely crushing of sugar cane. The cogeneration power would improve the financial condition of the factory so that remunerative prices can be given to shareholders which are mainly marginal formers. The JSL should try to improve the cane yield and increase sugarcane area. The JSL should prepare plan of action in this respect.

The growth needs to be adjusted with the hazards. Various tools and techniques can be employed to reduce or to minimize the hazards. People have positive expectations from the project. The classification indicates that employment and the industrial activities will grow and provide jobs in the region.

Developmental impact Any industrial activity has a pros and cons of the developmental impact. The matter however, lies in managing the mitigation of the hazards and wastes. The livelihood of the public should not be disturbed due to the industrial set up.

1. Increase in land under sugarcane. 2. Availability of bagasse and molasses will generate bio-fuel and bio-energy. 3. By utilizing the available resource i.e. bagasse, the sugar factory will generate more revenue. This will help in gaining the financial stability, which otherwise solely depends upon sugar prices and rainfall. In other words, the financial stability will assure the local cane growers for fair prices to their crops. 4. The surplus power generated in the unit will be supplied to the purchaser and thereby it will help to reduce the burning problem of load shedding 5. Anticipated social and economic changes due to proposed sugar and cogeneration expansion 6. Allied employment opportunities such as small shops, tea-coffee stalls, restaurants, mess, etc. will get more business and it is anticipated that it will indirectly support more than 50 families. 7. This project will generate indirect employment to a large extent, since the power produced in the unit will fulfill power requirement of many small-scale industries and other commercial units such as shops, offices, etc. 8. Considering the long-term benefits to the locals and no issues of rehabilitation, restoration involved with the project, it is anticipated that project will have positive impact on socio-economic environment. 9. The support services for the economic expansion like sanitation facilities, shopping centers, solar lighting, community development, construct school building, primary health centers etc. will grow with wide range of quality improvements in the standard of living. 10. Due to the expansion of the proposed plant, there will be development of communication facilities in the area. The plant office and workers rest shelters will be equipped with sufficient infrastructural facilities including drinking water, toilets, sanitation facilities, health centre, etc.

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11. The national and the state levels benefits will be decentralized through power generation, reduction in T & D loss, reduced emissions, and reduction in the imports of petroleum products, increased tax revenues and reduction in the transportation cost. The project will have excellent multiplier effect and will become truly a win- win situation for all the stakeholders and for local people. 12. No acquisition of land and other assets results in loss of shelter, farm land and work place. 13. No businesses need to be relocated leading to unemployment. 14. No loss of cultural properties 15. Employment opportunities to landless/wage employers. 16. Access to infrastructure impacts various facets of life. 17. Access to common properties impacts livelihood. 18. Employment will increase. 19. Timely crushing of cane will help to plan for the next reasonable cropping pattern. 20. Sugarcane price will be remunerative. 21. Economic transaction will increase. 22. Farmers expect better prices for their produce. 23. Educational facilities will go up. 24. Transport and communication will also increase with potential employment opportunities. 25. Micro enterprises will increase. 26. Economic incentives will go up. 27. Standard of living will go up. 28. The local wage rates will go up 29. Various schemes can be introduced through Govt and the sugar factory.

Environmental benefits 1. Migration has been stopped. 2. The use of fertilizers has been increased, which paved the way to increase productivity of crops. 3. Use of bio and micro-fertilizers is a welcome approach of the farmers. 4. Drainage facilities have reduced the soil salinity in the sugarcane area. 5. The by-products of the sugar factories are processed, which stands an additional income to the factory and farmers by minimising the pollution. 6. Efforts are being sought to reduce the pollution of the sugar factory.

Economic benefits 1. The general infrastructure in the region and roads grows with the industrial expansion. 2. Its rate of returns to the society is higher. 3. Infrastructural development further provides general incentives for growth of the region. 4. It has a long-term impact on the region.

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5. Business and other social facilities have the least scope to develop due to the crushing expansion 6. Economic provisioning will grow 7. Other sources of income will increase 8. Turnover of money in the villages will go up 9. Small investments will grow 10. The cultural and economic resilience tends to grow.

Willingness to pay and willingness to accept People of the project area are willing to accept the project as a tool of their livelihood development. Any development project has advantages and disadvantages. We have find out the better of between the situations. Hazards any should mitigated properly. The trade-off between strong and weak sustainability is highly essential.

Willingness to pay Willingness to accept People are willing to pay for the expansion by People are willing to accept for the way of; expansion by way of; Increasing modern irrigation sources like; drip Road traffic disturbances. This can be and sprinkling and micro irrigation schemes avoided by the Govt. Departments (Cooperative Lift irrigation Schemes). Sugar through road expansion and creating factory can initiate such activities through traffic awareness programmes. Cane Development Office. Increasing area under sugarcane Pollution caused by factory expansion and distillery, which can be eliminated through modern tools and techniques. By using high yielding cane varieties like; Co- Other social disturbances, application 86032, VSI-8005, Co-100001, VSI-12121, Co-671 of social capital techniques will be etc.,Nijalingappa Sugarcane Breeding Centre is useful to the societal people. very near to the factory site (125 km). By using the organic and micro fertilizers (bio- Sanitation and drainage in the rural fertilizers). Training facilities are to be areas. The problem can be solved provided by the Sugar factory. through Govt Departments by insisting to comply the needs. By adopting low cost and high yielding agricultural techniques, like precision agriculture, variable fertilizer application techniques. Following better agricultural practices, rather than mono-crop culture. Use of bio-pesticides and bio-insecticides.

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Mitigation of hazards Any industry renders some pollution and waste, which needs to be minimized through remedial systems. No families know that the pollution increases through industrial enterprises. However, the factory proposes to reduce the pollution through alternative measures. Villagers also know the recycling of the waste water mainly for agricultural purpose. Air pollution can also increase with the industrial project. But there are various measures to reduce it. People do not know about the modern tools and techniques of mitigation of hazards. People’s ability to accept the project is strong. Minor hazards are proposed to be reduced with effective remedy, which does not create any displacement, hence, no problem of rehabilitation occurs.

Conclusions The JSL has a positive response from the public. The willingness to pay and the willingness to accept the project has positive outcome. The ratio between this is around 2:1. It means the benefits are two times greater than the loss. The losses due to the polluting agents can be diluted through various methods. The social and cultural vulnerability index responds a very less and level of resilience is at the higher side.

References 1. Govt of Karnataka (2015), Regional Disparities in Karnataka State (Nanjundappa Report) 2. Govt of Karantaka, Directorate of Census Operations in Karnataka, (2011), Census Report of the Gulbarga District. 3. Government of Karnataka (2014), Planning, Programme Monitoring and Statistics Department,Millennium Development Goals 4. Centre for Science and Environment (2017), Social Impact Assessment (SIA) and Social Impact Management Plan (SIMP): An Indicative Structure, New Delhi. 5. Red Ochre, (2011) Social Impact Assessment: Tool Kit 6. Govt of Karnataka (2011), District Census Handbook Bagalkot and Vijaypur 7. Half yearly Compliance April to September 2019 (Sugar) 8. Half yearly Compliance April to September 2019 (Distillery) 9. Environmental Statement (Sugar) for the year 2018-2019 10. Environmental Statement (Distillery) for the year 2018-2019 11. Half Yearly Distillery Compliance for the period October 2018 to March 2019 12. Half Yearly Sugar Compliance for the period October 2018 to March 2019 13. KSPCB Compliance with regard to Sugar Plant dated 10.10.2018 14. CFO Order for the period 2016-2021 (CFO ORDER) 15. CFO for the year 2015-2016 (CFO) 16. Environmental Statement for the year 2015-2016 17. Environmental Statement for the year 2014-2015

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CHAPTER 5

ANALYSIS OFALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE)

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CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE) ______

This chapter describes the criteria for project site selection and process technology in the proposed project.

5.0 Technology – Alternatives

The Sugar Technology that is followed in the existing plant will be adopted for the expansion also. The technology is well-established technology with minimal impacts on Environment.

There is no use of fresh water in the process as the excess condensate generated will be used for cooling, imbibition etc.

The co-generation is from the steam generated from the boiler. Turbo generator will be used to generate power using steam. This process is well established.

Distillery process is also well established. Continuous fermentation technology is used to ensure that there is reduction in effluent and solid waste in the form of yeast sludge. The generation of alcohol is more by good recovery.

The technology/process selection is done based on raw material availability and based on the following considerations:

• Least stress on resources including raw materials and utilities. Molasses or sugar juice will be used as raw material • Fed Batch fermentation process is proposed, 11% v/v alcohol concentration in fermented wash is achieved • Quality of RS will be good as there will be less contamination. Fresh yeast is used for every batch • High yield and less generation of waste • Least or no risk to human and property • Least or no adverse impacts on environment

Further, the existing distillery is working with same technology and is time tested. The proposed project is expansion of existing facility. Detailed technology and process description is given in Chapter 2.

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5.1 Site – Alternatives

The site for the proposed activity is chosen based on the following distinct advantages:

• This is proposal of expansion of industrial operation will be within the existing industry premises. • The proposed project activity is supplementary to the existing project and hence has distinct advantages of utilizing common facilities, infrastructure and rationalization of manpower • The site has advantages of easy accessibility to road, electricity, water supply and manpower in addition to the existing services such as supply & distribution of power and internal roads • Availability of vacant land • The project site already has good connectivity i.e., accessibility to road, electricity and water supply • Availability of skilled and un-skilled manpower • Geological features of the area and topography • Seismographic soundness of the place • Meteorological conditions, maximum and minimum temperature, humidity etc., • Infrastructures like road, power, proximity to the town/city etc. • Access to power supply from own captive generation

The salient features of the plant site are as under:

• Nearest Habitation Hirepadasalagi village which is at a distance of 2.5 km on South west from the plant site. • There are no National Parks/Wild life sanctuaries/Tiger Reserves/Elephant corridors within study area. • There are no Reserve Forests/Protected Forests within study area. • No historical places and places of tourist importance within study area. • Krishna River is flowing at a distance of 3 km towards South west of the plant • There is no inter-state boundary within 5 km radius of the plant site. • The plant site does not fall under Critically Polluted area.

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CHAPTER 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRA

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CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ______

6.0 Technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures (including measurement methodologies, frequency, location, data analysis, reporting schedules, emergency procedures, detailed budget & procurement schedules)

This chapter contains technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures. It ensures the smooth execution of EMP.

Monitoring program includes the monitoring of the Environmental Aspects viz., Ambient air Quality, emission form the air pollution sources, effluent quantity and quality monitoring including the treated effluent monitoring, soil quality analysis and noise level monitoring. The Monitoring programme also includes the parameters to be monitored for the various environmental components mentioned above, sampling location and the frequency of monitoring. It includes laboratory and other facilities monitoring facilities. The capital cost of monitoring is also worked out and presented.

6.1 Purpose of Environmental Monitoring

Monitoring is an essential component for sustainability of any project and it is an integral part of environmental assessment process. It is important to predict with present and post-project environmental scenarios. Hence, monitoring of critical parameters is essential.

The aim of monitoring is to provide information that will aid impact management and to achieve a better understanding of cause-effect relationships and to improve EIA prediction and mitigation methods. Both immediate and long-term benefits by undertaking monitoring as part of EIA are widely recognized.

The following are the main objectives of the environmental monitoring program: • Ensure day to day operational activities are conducted in a manner in compliance with the regulatory requirements, approvals by various Statutory Agencies and industry standards. • Evaluate the adequacy of mitigation and pollution control measures implemented for reducing the adverse impacts caused during the operation stage and suggest additional mitigation measures, if appropriate, in the light of the results. • Encourage good environmental management practices through planning, commitment and continuous improvement.

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• Develop well defined environmental monitoring program designed to assess the nature and extent of environmental impacts of the proposed operations and progressively refine such programs against the targets. • To comply with all regulations stipulated by the KSPCB related to air emission and liquid effluent discharge as per Consent accorded under the Air and the Water Act and the standards prescribed in the Environment Protection Rules. • Review, improve and update environmental management procedures and standards • Establish response procedures for actual/potential environmental impacts including community complaints and ensure corrective action is taken.

Monitoring will be used to: • Measure the impacts that occur during the construction and operation phase; • The monitoring data are compared with the prescribed standards. • Determine the accuracy of impact predictions and the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

6.2 Applicable Environmental Regulatory Framework

The proposed project will abide by the following Acts, Rules & Notifications issued by the Government of India to protect the environment and development in a sustainable way.

• The Water (prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 • The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 • The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 • The EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006 and subsequent amendments thereon. • The Hazardous and other Wastes (Management and Trans boundary Movement) Rules,2016 • The MSIHC (Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals) Rules 1989 and subsequent amendments • Chemical Accident (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996 • Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and its amendments

6.3 Measurement Methodology

Ambient air, stack emissions, ambient noise, water, soil and wastewater are to be monitored on regular basis. Monitoring of all environmental samples shall be done as per the guidelines provided by MoEF & CC/CPCB/SPCB. The method followed shall be recommended / standard method approved/recommended by MoEF & CC/CPCB and the standards procedures as appropriate for parameters not covered by MoEF & CC/CPCB.

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6.3.1 Air Environment

It is observed from studies related to prediction of Environment Impacts that potential impact on Air Environment is a significant one.

6.3.1.1 Measurement methodology and frequency

Monitoring shall be done as per the guidelines provided by MoEF & CC/CPCB/SPCB. The method followed shall be standard method approved/recommended by MoEF & CC/CPCB. Ambient air and stack emissions are to be monitored on regular basis as indicated in the Table 6.1.

6.3.2 Noise Environment

Though noise level impact is not significant the same need to be monitored to prevent increase in noise levels due to poor maintenance of equipment and machinery which generate noise. To be monitored using Standard Noise Level Meter. For equipment/machines monitoring may be done at 3 m distance from source.

6.3.3 Water Environment

It is observed from studies related to prediction of Environment Impacts that potential impact on Water Environment with respect to process effluent is a significant one.

6.3.3.1 Measurement methodology and frequency

Environmental Attributes, Frequency and Parameters is in Table 6.0, Test Procedure and the Budget is in Table 6.1 and Locations where online monitoring required is given in Table 6.2 below and are analysed for the indicated parameters employing standard analysis procedure. Record all the analysis data and initiate corrective and preventive action whenever there is abnormality related to project activity is noticed.

6.3.4 Measurement Location and Frequency

Environmental Attributes Frequency and Parameters is given in Table 6.0 and Test Procedure and the Budget is in Table 6.1.

Table 6.0: Environmental Attributes Frequency and Parameters Sl. Particulars Monitoring Duration of Important parameters for No. frequency monitoring monitoring Air environment

1 Ambient Air quality at Once in a 48 hours (2 PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2, CO, Project premises month. consecutive NH3

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days) 2 Stack monitoring Once in a month Online

a. Boiler stack monitoring Particulate, SO2 and manual Noise environment 1 At the boundary of the Once six months Day and Noise level in dB (A) Leq. factory. Night 2 DG set (at sugar plant) Once in a year -

after the SO2 and NO2 maintenance Water environment 1 Raw effluent Once a week Grab pH, TSS, TDS, COD, BOD, potash, chloride and Phosphate 2 All intermediate stages Once a week Grab pH, TSS and COD of ETP/CPU Min once a day Grab pH and COD 3 Treated effluent Once a week Grab and on pH, TSS, TDS, COD, BOD, line monitor potash, chloride and for sugar Phosphate plant Min once a day Grab pH 4 Ground Water within Twice a year Grab pH, TDS, Nitrate and industry site Phosphate, Ca and Mg. 5 Surface water sources Twice a year, Grab pH, DO, EC, TSS, TDS, N, P, before and after K, Chlorides, bacteriology monsoon. Soil environment 1 Within project premises Once in a year Composite EC, Organic carbon, pH, and at eight locations sample available NPK

Table 6.1: Test Procedure and the Budget Sl. Particulars Methods of Monitoring Frequency Cost of Amount No. of monitoring in Rs. monitoring In Rs. Per year Air environment

1 Ambient Air PM2.5: IS 5182:part-23: Once in a 7000 Per station 1,68,000 quality at 2006 month per day. To

Project PM10: IS 5182:part-23: continuous monitor two premises 2006 for 48 hrs at station

SO2: IS 5182:part-2: 2001 each station NOx: IS 5182:part-6: 2006 VOC meter

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2 Stack PM: IS 11255:part-1: 1985 Every Rs. 3000 Per 81000

monitoring – SO2: IS 11255:part-2: month stack. 3 stacks (Sugar) process 1985 during of sugar plant 60000 section NOx: IS 11255:part-7: season. boiler and two (Incinera a. Boilers 2005 stacks of tor) HCl: Titrimetric incineration boiler in distillery Noise environment 1 Noise level at Sound level meter Every Rs. 300 Per 10,800 the boundary month station. Three of the factory. locations Water environment 1 Ground Water Standard analytical Pre and 5200 and surface procedure for water by post Rs. 1200 per water APHA and AWWA monsoon. sample. two

Wells within the 2 Raw and premises treated effluent Soil environment 1 Within project Standard analytical Post 16000 premises at procedure. monsoon one location once Rs. 2000 per around sample 8 hazardous samples waste storage site Total budget for monitoring 3,41,000

Note: The monitoring cost may vary with the requirement as per the stipulation in the consent and Environmental Clearance

6.3.4.1 Other Environment related Monitoring

Other environmental related monitoring frequency and cost of monitoring is given Table 6.2. Table 6.2: Other environmental related monitoring Sl. Monitoring Particulars Frequency Cost of monitoring No. in Rs 1 The greenbelt to monitor the Once a month In house survival rate of plantation and to confirm that the growth is

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adequate and on expected lines 2 The safety performance of the Once a year by 25000 plant and reviewed with specific external agency reference to incidents/accidents which have impact on the Once in a month by in environment like spillages which house can result in air & water pollution, soil contamination 3 Monitor the drainage system in the Once a Quarter In house plant to prevent entry of storm water to the ETP and vice versa 4 Monitor drains carrying storm water Once a Quarter In house or waste water for ensuring timely cleaning 5 Noise generating equipment are Once a month In house monitored for deterioration in noise levels to initiate corrective action 6 Monitor Hazardous waste storage Once a month In house sites to ensure good housekeeping to avoid cross contamination 7 Monitor raw material consumption, Daily In house water consumption, wastewater generation per unit mass/volume of product to ensure that they remain within expected norms and to take action to further reduce 8 Monitor the training imparted to Once a year. And 50000 the workforce to ensure that the once a month by in workmen are adequately trained in house experts. matters which have relevance to the impact on environmental attributes like handling of hazardous waste, handling and storage of finished products. 9 Review by Top management on the Once a month In house Environment monitoring compliance every month to avoid slippages and to take corrective and preventive action

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6.3.5 Monitoring and Management of Hazardous Wastes

• Maintain and monitor details of Hazardous Waste generated, in stock and disposed • Monitor to ensure that the disposal is based on First in First Out basis (FIFO) • Monitor the area for any seepage/run off or stock of ageing inventory. • Ensure that utmost importance is attached to handling of hazardous waste as it has the potential to cause one of the most significant impacts on Environment.

6.3.6 Online monitoring

Table 6.3 indicates on line monitoring system to be provided and connected to CPCB/KSPCB portal.

Table 6.3: Locations where online monitoring required Sl. Source to which the Parameter to be Location of the on Capital Operation No. monitoring system to monitored line monitor Cost in and be provided Rs. maintenance cost in Rs.per annum 1. Spent wash flow to Quantity of flow Spent wash flow to 120,000 38500/- spent wash lagoon. spent wash lagoon. /- Spent wash feed in Spent wash feed in to MEE. to MEE. MEE to incineration MEE to incineration boilers. boilers. 2. To monitor the Surveillance IP camera with TILT 280840 38500/- effluent entry in to Zoom, 5x or above /- the MEE, flow, and focal length, with to ensure effluent is night vision not bypassed. capability and should be installed at adequate number of places. Such number of Cameras should be strategically installed from where real-time situation of effluent disposed and utilized can be visualized. (Two nos.)

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3. Stack attached to Particulate At 8 times the 359900 90860/ incineration boilers matter diameter of the /- straight duct after ESP or 2 time the diameter from the top of the chimney. (Two nos.) 4. ETP treated water pH.BOD, COD, Treated effluent-. 122400 141600/- TSS, FLOW Sugar plant (one no) 0/-

6.4 Reporting & Documentation

• All the necessary reports and documents will be prepared complying with the statutory rules & regulations • Regular and periodic records will be kept in order to ensure easier review and projection of past, present and future performances • The management will ensure to prepare separate records for water, wastewater, solid waste, air, emissions and soil regularly and periodically in order to provide better and smooth observations • Any changes found in mitigation measures of operation/management/technology will be brought to the notice instantaneously and all possible corrective actions shall be taken to match the discrepancies

6.5 Environmental Management Cell (EMC)

All the project activities will be monitored to ensure the appropriate implementation of all environmental mitigation activities and to identify areas where environmental management plan compliance is not satisfied. For effective implementation of the monitoring program, it is necessary to have an organizational set-up i.e., Environmental Management Cell (EMC). The unit will assign responsibility to officers to perform and co- ordinate the activities concerned with management and implementation of environmental control measures. The EMC representation is shown in Figure 6.0.

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MANAGING DIRECTOR

GENERAL MANAGER - WORKS

DEPUTY GENERAL MANAGER - PROCESS

MANAGER - ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT CHEMISTS ETP OPERATION ENGINEERS

Figure 6.0: Environmental Management Cell

6.5.1 Activities and Responsibilities of EMC

General Manager of the unit will be responsible for total environmental management of the industry site. The responsibilities include:

• Collect information from regular monitoring and create database • Analyze the data to arrive at practical solutions to environmental problems • Discuss the reports of study on environment and disseminate the information • Work out action plan for implementation of the recommendations made in the report • Prepare and maintain budget for environment management program

6.6 Budget for monitoring and procurement schedule

Budget for monitoring and procurement details is given in Table 6.4

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Table 6.4: Budget for monitoring and procurement details Sl. Application Budget towards EMP, Rupees in Lakhs No. Already implemented Additional during in existing sugar, co- proposed expansion of gen and distillery power plant Rs. in industry Rs. in lakhs lakhs 1.0 Capital Investment 1.1 Air pollution control facilities (ESP, Chimney, ESP and ash 394 3700 handling, online monitoring system) 1.2 Waste water treatment facilities with online monitoring system 125/- 200/- viz., effluent flow meter and IP camera 1.3 Green belt 5.0/- 6/- 1.4 Laboratory and monitoring 2.5/- 3/- facilities 1.5 On line monitors 12/- 10/- 1.6 Rain water harvesting system - 15/- Sub total 538.5/- 3934/- 2.0 Recurring Cost of Operation and Maintenance After expansion Rs in Existing in Rs. lakhs lakhs 2.1 Air pollution control 10 10 2.2 Water pollution control 5 10 2.3 Monitoring cost 4 5 2.4 Green belt Maintenance 2 2 2.5 On line monitoring cost 4 5 2.6 Environmental training and safety 1 1.5 Sub total 26 33.5

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6.7 Emergency Preparedness and response structure 6.7.1 Structure of Onsite Emergency Preparedness and Response

6.7.2 Emergency organization structure

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6.7.3 Emergency coordinates

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CHAPTER – 7

ADDITIONAL STUDIES

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CHAPTER 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES ______

7.0 Public consultation

The public hearing for the proposed expansion of the plant as under;

Sl. Product Name Production Capacity No. Existing Proposed Total (after expansion) 1 Sugar TCD 5,000 6,500 11,500 2 Co-gen Power Plant MW 27 7 34 3 Distillery KLD with 60 90 150 Captive power plant MW 2.2 2.5 4.7

The draft EIA report will be placed before the public for hearing. The final EIA will be prepared duly considering all the issues that will be raised during the hearing.

7.1 Risk assessment 7.1.1 Introduction

Industrial accidents result in severe impact on Environment including human life and significant financial loss. The impacts could be so huge that it drives the project towards non-viability besides other significant hardships. Therefore, risk assessment is carried out to ensure that hazards associated with each and every activity related to the project are identified. Risk Assessment involves the identification and quantification of various hazards (unsafe conditions) that exists in the plant.

The emergency management plan is concerned with preventing hazards through engineering design, operation maintenance and inspection. Though every care is taken at the design stage itself, absolute safety is not achievable and therefore the essential aspect of emergency management plan must include measures to mitigate the effects of such eventualities. An important element of mitigation is emergency planning, i.e., recognizing accidents which are possible, assessing the consequence procedures that would need to be implemented in the event of an emergency.

7.1.2 Methodology

Risk associated with each of these hazards is assessed and quantified. Based on the significance of risk, mitigation measures and plan for an on-site emergency preparedness

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JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED and disaster management plan is prepared. The mitigation measures, in the order of priority, would be aimed at eliminating the risk, minimizing the risk, prepare for the risk.

The expansion project deals with operation of boilers, incinerator, handling and storage of Molasses. Rectified spirit, Extra Neutral Alcohol and Ethanol, which are hazardous in nature due to their intrinsic chemical properties. The list of products and by-products stored as identified under MSHIC are given in Table7.0

Table 7.0: List of Existing products & by products stored Chemical Properties/Hazard associated with the chemical Rectified spirit Flammable; Inhalation of fumes results in coughing and choking sensation, and irritation of nose and lungs Extra neutral • Extra Neutral Alcohol (Potable) Ethyl Alcohol 96.4% Alcohol v/v/ENA • Chemical name : Ethyl Alcohol • Flash Point 12°C • Extremely flammable liquid (R11) • Explosion Limits: 3.3 - 19.0 % • Colorless, volatile liquid. • Characteristic pleasant odour. • Vapour Pressure: 59.3 mm Hg @ 250 C • Viscosity: 1.200 cP @ 250 C • Boiling Point: 780 C (172.40°F) • Flammability 3.3-19% v/v • Auto flammability 363°C • Explosive properties: Vapours can form explosive mixtures with air. All sources of ignition or static must be excluded. • Solubility description completely soluble in water. Soluble in: Organic solvents Ethanol Ethanol 99.8% v/v • Chemical name Ethyl alcohol. • Colorless. • Odour of alcohol. • Boiling point / boiling range Value: 78 °C • Flash point Value: 12 °C • Extremely flammable liquid (R11) • Explosion limit Value: 3.5-15 % • Vapour pressure Value: 5.9 kPa • Test temperature: 20 °C • Vapour density Value: 1.6 • Specific gravity Value: 789 kg/m3

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• Test temperature: 20 °C • Solubility description completely soluble in water. Soluble in: Organic solvents • Vapour pressure 59 mm Hg at 20°C • Density 801.6 kg/m3 at 25°C

7.2 Scenarios considered for hazard identification

The materials involved in storage and transfer system have flammable and toxic hazards. Potential failure scenarios considered are as under: • Spillage of material from storage tanks due to overflow from tank or leakage from tank and connected piping; • Spillage of material during tanker loading or transfer • Spillage of molasses contained in underground tanks from discharge line of transfer pump.

7.3 Risk Rating Matrix

• To identify the hazards associated with all activities at project site during construction and operation phase • Identify the risks associated with these hazards • Rate the risks to identify the major risks for focused attention for developing and Suggesting mitigation measures

Risk Rating Matrix of proposed project is given in Table 7.1, Risk classification in Table 7.2, Criteria for Risk rating for Severity and Probability is given in Table 7.3 and Aspects and risks of risk is given in Table 7.4.

Table 7.1: Risk Rating Matrix IDENTIFICATION OF RISKS AND RATING OF RISKS Sl. Activity Cause/Aspect Risk Risk Risk No S P Rating = Severity Probability of S x P 1 to 5 occurrence 1 to 5 Construction Phase 1 Civil work like Mishandling of earth Accident 1 3 3 levelling/Excav moving equipment ation (includes Unsecured pits Fall 2 2 4 vehicular hazard movement) 2 Erection of Work at height Fall 2 1 2 machineries without PPE Hazard

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Use of Non-standard Injury 1 3 3 tools Operation Phase 1 Operation of Explosion due not Injury 5 1 5 Boiler& maintaining process Incinerator parameters 2 Operation of DG Working without PPE Injury 1 2 2 set to protect against noise Spillage of Oil Fire 3 1 3 hazard 3 RS storage Tonner leakage Fire 4 1 4 hazard ENA storage Leakage/Fugitive Fire 4 1 4 emissions hazard Ethanol Storage Leakage Fire 2 4 8 hazard Rupture Fire 4 1 4 hazard Risks with risk rating 5 and above are considered as unacceptable risks needing immediate attention

7.3.1 Classification of risks Table 7.2: Risk classification Risk Risk Risk Control Measures Note Rating Level 6 Extreme Reduction risk measures need to be taken immediately, Unacceptable and tasks will not be started until the risk is reduced. risks 5 Very Risk control measures must be taken within a certain High period of time, and tasks cannot be started until the risk is reduced. 4 High Based on cost or financial considerations, risk reduction Needs measures will be taken gradually. attention 3 Medium There is no need to take risk reduction measures at the Acceptable moment, but it is necessary to ensure the effectiveness risks of existing protection facilities. 1-2 Low No risk reduction measures are required, but the effectiveness of existing safeguards must be ensured.

Table 7.3: Criteria for Risk rating for Severity and Probability Severity S Rating Probability of Occurrence P Rating Minor Injury requiring first aid 1 Once a Year 1

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Injury requiring hospitalisation 2 Once a month 2 Temporary disability 3 Once a week 3 Permanent disability 4 Daily but intermittently 4 Loss of life/s 5 Continuous 5 The following aspects and related risks are considered for the risk rating carried out above.

Table 7.4: Aspects and risks Sl. Cause/Aspect Risk No. 1 • Leakage from hose • Exposure to toxic chemicals • Damaged pipeline • Fire/ explosion hazard due to flammable • Improper pipeline connection liquid release. • Flange gasket leak • Loss of chemical. • Movement of tanker during loading • Soil/ water contamination 2 Leakage from pump seal • Fire/ explosion hazard due to flammable liquid release • Loss of chemical • Soil/ water contamination 3 Static electric charge accumulation in Ignition hazard due to static electricity road tanker. during tanker unloading. 4 Overflow from storage tank by excess • Fire/ explosion hazard due to flammable filling due to malfunction of tank level liquid release instrument. • Loss of product 5 Release of vapour from tank vent during • Air pollution due to volatile organic filling and high ambient temperature. chemical emission • Loss of product from tank

7.4 Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) analysis

Further, the study included risk assessment for consequence by estimating maximum damage distance by Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) analysis. The study helps in drawing damage contours to assess the consequence of an event. The analysis does not consider probability of occurrence. The probability is therefore rated on experience and previous similar experience elsewhere.

The Consequence Analysis has been done for selected scenarios by ALOHA (version 5.4.7) of EPA.

ALOHA’s limitations Use caution in interpreting the model’s predictions, practically under the following conditions;

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▪ Very low wind speeds ▪ Very stable atmosphere conditions ▪ Wind shifts and terrain steering effects ▪ Concentration patchiness, particularly near the source

The model does not incorporate the effects of: ▪ Chemical reactions ▪ Particulates ▪ Chemical mixtures ▪ Terrain ▪ Hazardous fragments

7.5 Severity Mapping

The Severity mapping has been carried out using the ALOHA software 5.4.3 (Aerial Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) which was developed by office of Emergency management, EPA and Emergency Response Division, NOAA.

A technique used to generate an incident list is to consider potential leaks and major releases from storage facilities.

The study displays its estimate as a threat zone, which is an area where a hazard (such as toxicity, flammability, thermal radiation, or damaging overpressure) has exceeded a user- specified Level of Concern (LOC).

The ALOHA software allows to model many release scenarios:

Tank containing a pressurized flammable liquid; Type of tank failures:

A. Leaking tank, chemical is not burning as it escapes into the atmosphere ▪ Potential hazard from flammable chemical which is not burning as it leaks from tank- ➢ Downwind toxic effects ➢ Vapour cloud flash fire ➢ Over pressure (blast force) from vapour cloud explosion

B. Leaking tank, chemical is burning as a jet fire ▪ Potential hazard from chemical which is burning as it leaks from tank- ➢ Thermal radiation from jet fire ➢ BLEVE (If heat causes the tank to fail) ➢ Downwind toxic effects of fire byproducts

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Scenarios: • Toxic area of vapour cloud, • Flammable area of vapour cloud, Jet fires, • Overpressure (blast force) from vapour cloud explosion

Depending on the release scenario, type of hazard is evaluated. This involves identifying possibility to reduce the likelihood and/or consequence of an accident. The measures to control and mitigate hazards and risks are simple and involve modifications to conform to standard practice.

The general hierarchy of risk reducing measures is: • Prevention (by distance or design) • Detection (Ex. fire & gas, leak detection) • Control (Ex. emergency shutdown & controlled depressurization) • Mitigation (Ex. Firefighting and passive fire protection) • Emergency response (in case safety barriers fail) • Safe exist routes marks shown within the plant • Safe assembly points

7.5.1 Existing & Proposed storage tanks 7.5.1.1 Existing storage facility

(a) Sugar Cane Storage Sugar cane is stored in cane yard of 12 acre 14 gunta for parking the sugarcane carriers an area of 1.2 acres is reserved.

(b) Molasses Storage Capacity – Existing and Proposed

Sl. Particulars Existing tanks Proposed tanks Material of No. Capacity capacities construction Sugar plant 1 Molasses 3 x 4000 MT - Mild Steel 1 x 10000 MT Distillery 1 Molasses 1 x 10000 MT 4 x 10000 MT Mild Steel

Details of Alcohol storage capacity is given in Table.

Sl. No. Tank Number Description Capacity in Litres MOC 1 01 ENA Receiver Tank 65,140.00 M Steel 2 02 ENA Receiver Tank 65,197.00 M Steel

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3 03 ENA Receiver Tank 65,315.00 M Steel 4 01 Rs Receiver tank 65,408.00 M Steel 5 02 Rs Receiver tank 65,396.00 M Steel 06 03 Rs Receiver tank 65,501.00 M Steel 07 01 A.A. Receiver tank 65,523.00 M Steel 08 02 AA Receiver tank 65,466.00 M Steel 09 03 AA Receiver tank 65,512.00 M Steel 10 01 I.S. Receiver tank 7,509.00 M Steel 11 02 I.S Receiver tank 7,531.00 M Steel 12 ST-01 RS/ENA/AA Storage tank 6,00733.00 M Steel 13 ST-02 RS/ENA/AA Storage tank 5,98,263.00 M Steel 14 ST-03 RS/ENA/AA Storage tank 5,99,580.00 M Steel 15 ST-04 RS/ENA/AA Storage tank 5,99,218.00 M Steel 16 ST-05 RS/ENA/AA Storage tank 5,98,798.00 M Steel 17 ISST-01 Impure Spirit storage tank 1,25,437.00 M Steel 18 RSFT-01 Rectified Spirit storage 65,612.00 M Steel tank

(d) Proposed Storage 1. ENA receiver tank – 2 X 2500 KL 2. Impure spirit storage tank – 1 X 200 KL 3. RS storage tank – 2 X 2500 KL 4. Ethanol storage – 3 X 220 KL

7.5.2 Aloha Simulation Analysis 7.5.2.1 Severity Mapping- Ethanol

7.5.2.1a: Site Data ▪ Location: JAMKHANDI SUGARS LTD, HIREPA, INDIA ▪ Building Air Exchanges Per Hour: 0.83 (unsheltered single storied) ▪ Time: May 27, 2020 1911 hours DST (using computer's clock)

7.5.2.1b: Chemical Data ▪ Chemical Name: ETHANOL ▪ CAS Number: 64-17-5 ▪ Molecular Weight: 46.07 g/mol ▪ ERPG-1: 1800 ppm ERPG-2: 3300 ppm ERPG-3: N/A ▪ IDLH: 3300 ppm LEL: 33000 ppm UEL: 190000 ppm ▪ Ambient Boiling Point: 76.7° C ▪ Vapor Pressure at Ambient Temperature: 0.10 atm ▪ Ambient Saturation Concentration: 110,910 ppm or 11.1% ▪ Wind: 3.70 meters/second from SE at 3 m ▪ Ground Roughness: open country

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▪ Cloud Cover: 5 tenths ▪ Air Temperature: 30° C Stability Class: D ▪ No Inversion Height ▪ Relative Humidity: 50%

7.5.2.1.1 Scenario-1: Tank containing unpressurized flammable liquid -Leaking tank, chemical is not burning and forms an evaporating puddle

Source Strength: ▪ Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank ▪ Flammable chemical escaping from tank (not burning) ▪ Tank Diameter: 8.75 m ▪ Tank Length: 10 m ▪ Tank Volume: 601 m3 ▪ Tank contains liquid ▪ Internal Temperature: 30° C ▪ Chemical Mass in Tank: 375,920 kg ▪ Tank is 80% full ▪ Circular Opening Diameter: 2 cm ▪ Opening is 0 m from tank bottom ▪ Ground Type: Concrete ▪ Ground Temperature: equal to ambient ▪ Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown ▪ Release Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour ▪ Max Average Sustained Release Rate: 7.47 kg/min ▪ (averaged over a minute or more) ▪ Total Amount Released: 296 kg ▪ Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed an evaporating puddle. The puddle spread to a diameter of 13.6 m

7.5.2.1.1a Threat Modelled: Toxic area of vapour cloud

▪ Model Run: Gaussian ▪ Red : no recommended LOC value --- (N/A = ERPG-3) ▪ Orange: less than 10 m --- (3300 ppm = ERPG-2) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchinessmake dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. ▪ Yellow: 12 m--- (1800 ppm = ERPG-1) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness. make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

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7.5.2.1.1b Threat Modelled: Flammable Area of Vapour Cloud

Note: Local areas of flame can occur though the average concentration is below the LEL. ALOHA finds the flammable area by using 60 % of the LEL.

• Model Run: Gaussian • Red : less than 10 m --- (19800 ppm = 60% LEL = Flame Pockets) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness, make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances. ▪ Yellow: 12 m --- (3300 ppm = 10% LEL) Note: Threat zone was not drawn because effects of near-field patchiness, make dispersion predictions less reliable for short distances.

7.5.2.1.2: Scenario- 2: Tank containing an unpressurized flammable liquid Leaking tank, chemical is burning and forms a pool fire

Source Strength: • Leak from hole in vertical cylindrical tank • Flammable chemical is burning as it escapes from tank • Tank Diameter: 8.75 m • Tank Length: 10 m • Tank Volume: 601 cm • Tank contains liquid • Internal Temperature: 30° C • Chemical Mass in Tank: 375,920 kg • Tank is 80% full • Circular Opening Diameter: 2 cm • Opening is 0 meters from tank bottom • Max Puddle Diameter: Unknown • Max Flame Length: 4 m • Burn Duration: ALOHA limited the duration to 1 hour • Max Burn Rate: 14.5 kg/min • Total Amount Burned: 837 kg

Note: The chemical escaped as a liquid and formed a burning puddle. The puddle spread to a diameter of 3.3 m

7.5.2.1.2a.ThreatModelled: Thermal radiation from pool fire

• Red: less than 10 m --- (10.0 kW/(sq m) = potentially lethal within 60 sec) • Orange: less than 10 m--- (5.0 kW/(sq m) = 2nd degree burns within 60 sec) • Yellow: less than 10 m--- (2.0 kW/(sq m) = pain within 60 sec)

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7.5.2.2 Summary of MCA analysis

Ethanol:

Sl. Scenario Threat Modelled Damage Consequential Impacts No. Distance in m 1 Leaking tank, Toxic area of vapour no LOC value --- (N/A = chemical is not cloud recommended ERPG-3) burning and forms Flammable Area of < 10 m 19800 ppm = 60% LEL = an evaporating vapour Cloud Flame Pockets puddle 2 Leaking tank Thermal radiation < 10 m 10.0 kW/(sq m) = chemical is burning from pool fire potentially lethal within and forms a pool 60 sec fire

7.5.3 Inference

According to the ALOHA simulation analysis, the consequential impacts from each incident scenarios can be though thermal radiation, over pressure wave and toxic release. The damage distance indicates that consequential impacts with respect to over pressure wave and toxic release would be on plant personnel, equipment and machinery. Whereas, consequential impacts with respect to thermal radiation from fire ball scenario could be less than 10 m. The storage of ENA / Ethanol needs utmost attention owing to the magnitude of the impact.

7.6 Risk Mitigation Measures 7.6.1 Safety Measures for Transportation, Storage & Handling of chemicals

• Loading standard procedure will be followed for safe loading of chemicals into tanker • Static earthing provision will be made for tanker • PESO guidelines will be followed • Display Boards will be provided on all storage tanks to communicate the material of construction, Name of the chemical stored and MSDS • On-site detectors for fire & smoke detection with alarm system will be provided as required • Relevant fire extinguishers will be provided at accessible places • First aids boxes will be provided in all control rooms/cabins • The entire premises will be declared as “NO SMOKE ZONE”. • Hazardous material handling will be carried out by using all PPE with proper ventilation and under supervision.

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7.6.2 Safety Measures for Process Units • Process parameters control will be provided vide Standard Operating Procedures. • RS and Ethanol will be transferred by pipelines and in controlled manner • Trained person will be engaged for handling of hazardous materials and proper safety precautions will be taken • All flammable materials will be stored away from the process plant • All the equipment will be well earthed appropriately and well protected against Static Electricity • Flame proof light fittings will be installed in the plant • All the plant personnel will be provided with Personal Protection Equipment’s like Helmets, Safety Shoes and Safety Glasses • Material Safety Data Sheets of raw materials and products will be kept readily available

7.6.3 Safety measures to prevent spillage / leakage of toxic chemicals • Relevant Personal Protective Equipment like goggles, gloves, protective clothes will be provided to those handling toxic chemicals • All finished productswill be stored under adequate safe condition • The piping will be examined thoroughly for finding out any defects • Smoking prohibited inside the factory • All tankages storing hazardous chemicals tested periodically for the thickness • All pipe joints provided with heavy duty gaskets to prevent any leakage • Dyke wall will be provided to areas where hazardous chemicals are stored • Spare barrels of sufficient quantity will be kept ready for any emergency spillage or leakage

7.6.4 Mitigation measures for chemical storage, handling and transportation • Loading and unloading procedure for chemicals will be prominently displayed near the tanks. • All pump motors, switches, lighting will be made flameproof. • Safety instructions and MSDS will be displayed prominently at the storage area, both in English as well as local language. • Safe clear distances between the tanks will be maintained. • Firefighting hydrant system, hydrant layout, dedicated water storage tank for firefighting, firefighting pumps will be designed and installed as per IS 13039 and IS 9668 and other applicable codes.

7.6.5 General safety measures/precautions • Employees will be trained in the safe handling practices of hazardous chemicals such as chemicals, acids, caustics etc. • Standard operating procedures will be established and followed when cleaning up spills, handling of toxic/hazardous chemicals

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• To know the material nature, potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and environmental) and how to work safely with the materials MSDS will be provided at the work place • In case of leakage the toxic / hazardous materials automatic water sprinkler systems are switched on to control the toxic vapours at work place • Goggles/face shields are provided for eye/face protection • In case of spillage/leakage while handling of hazardous materials spill control kit will be provided at work place

7.6.6 Specific Recommendations based on Hazard and severity mapping for Hazardous raw materials

The specific engineering or management recommendations based on the simulation analysis are as under:

7.6.6.1 Mechanical and equipment integrity

Following are the Engineering Recommendations: • The material of construction and thickness of storage vessels are designed to accommodate the maximum pressure. • The tanks are located in isolated areas where there are no/minimum personnel would be working in the downwind direction at any given point of time • To ensure no equipment sensitive to thermal radiation are installed in the downwind direction of these tanks • The tanks will be provided with dyke wall with arrangement to recover the spillage/leakage • Provide with high pressure detector with interlock to the incoming material • Provide high temperature alarm with an interlock to cut off the heat source

7.6.6.2 Management Approach

Following are the Management Recommendations: • The operating personnel are trained on the consequential impacts and the action to be taken under different scenarios • The operating personnel have relevant PPE • List of Dos and Don’ts will be displayed • These storage tanks are tested every 6 months to confirm that there is no loss of material of construction and the tank thickness is intact. Record of such testing is maintained for reference.

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7.7 Disaster Management Plan (DMP)

The DMP is emergency preparedness, managing the consequence and implement Recovery Plan. The DMP is proposed to prepare for tackling emergency situation arising out of accidents. It is to be in a state of preparedness prevent minimize the adverse effects.

7.7.1 Definitions

Emergency: It is defined as any major hazardous situation arising out of accident posing threat to men and material either within or outside the premises

An emergency is said to have risen when operators in the plant are not able to cope with a potential hazardous situation i.e. an incident which causes the plant to go beyond its normal operating conditions, thus creating danger. When such an emergency evolves, chain of events which affect the normal working within the factory area and / or which may cause injuries, loss of life, substantial damage to property and environment both inside and around the factory takes place and a disaster is said to have occurred.

On-Site Emergency: On-site emergency is the one which is confined within the premises even though it might require outside help

Off-Site Emergency: Off-Site Emergency is the one which is extending beyond the premises affecting public and the environment outside the premises

Disaster: It is a major emergency with a potential to cause damage due to natural causes or human activities

Various steps involved in Disaster Management Plan can be summarized as follows: • Minimize risk occurrence (Prevention) • Rapid Control (emergency response) • Effectively rehabilitate damaged areas (Restoration)

Types of Disasters: • Due to Fire and Explosion • Due to Vapour Cloud • Due to Toxic Gas Release from: - Within the Unit - External Sources • Hurricane, Flood, Cyclone, Earth Quake and other Natural Calamities

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7.7.2 Objectives of Disaster Management Plan

• To localize the emergency and if possible, eliminate it • To control and contain the incident as early as possible • To safeguard other employees by evacuating them to safe assembly points • To minimize the damage to the plant and material and to limit environment pollution • To rescue accident victims and organize medical treatment • Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent enquiry into the cause and circumstances of the emergency

7.7.3 Types of Emergencies

Depending on scale and severity, Emergencies have been classified in to 3 categories viz.

1.Area emergency – The emergency situation arising in one section of the mill and the impact is minor in nature and is highly localized and can be addressed with available resources on the spot.

2.On-Site emergency - The emergency situation arising in more than one area of the mill and can cause serious injury to men and machinery in the mill. However, the impact remains within the premises.

3.Off-site emergency – impact of this scenario travels out of the premises.

7.7.4 Emergency Organogram

The organogram for controlling different emergency situations is different. A typical operation flow chart for controlling emergency is as under shown in Figure 7.0.

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Emergency Organisation

Incident controller

Receives Information on Emergency

Rushes to the spot to assess magnitude

Yes Chances of No Take action and Control Possible? recurrence restore normalcy

No Yes

Inform Declarer of emergency

Declarer of Emergency

Call fire Brigade Keep in touch with Call Inform Adjacent Inform Distric Administration, Incident Controller Security Factories Local Police, SPCB

Give'All Clear' Signal when Emergency is controlled

Make detailed Report

Figure 7.0: Emergency operational flow chart

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7.7.5 Authorities and responsibilities of members of Emergency Management Team 7.7.5.1 Site Controller

• On noticing or receiving message of an emergency from field or operating personnel, he will rush to the Emergency Site • Establish contact with Security, the Incident Controller and safety officer • Declare emergency in consultation with incident controller • Inform Occupation Health Centre about the possibility of injury and arrange for treatment and continuously monitor the situation. • Reviews all possible actions and assesses the situation and directs the evacuation of personnel • Arranges for additional help from neighbouring industries • Liaison with Government official viz., District commissioner, Pollution Control Board, Fire services, Department of Explosives and Inspector of Factories and Boilers, if required. • Once the situation is brought under control, calls off onsite emergency in consultation with Incident Controller.

7.7.5.2 Incident Controller • As soon as incident controller receives the message of incident, he will rush to the emergency spot • Sends all visitors and contract people to safe assembly point • Starts controlling emergency with available safety squad • Takes charge of safety squad coming from other departments • Assesses the situation and advises site controller to call for emergency by phone • Organize for safe shut down of the plant if necessary and evacuates employees of the department (in the event of public address system failure). • Assigns jobs to safety squad viz. a) rescue, b) leakage control, c) firefighting, d) evacuation as per the need of situation. • Informs to site controller by phone regarding the steps taken to mitigate the emergency from time to time. • Deputes safety squad for search of missing people as per information received from site controller. Upon completion of controlling operations, ensures area is safe and informs to site controller to declare “All Clear”.

7.7.5.3 Emergency Coordinator (Services & Communication) • Upon hearing the siren, he will rush to the emergency control centre and reports to site controller with attendance record of employees and list of contract workmen and visitors • Acts as per the instruction of site controller and maintains log of the incident • Arranges for transport of injured • Arranges for external medical treatment for injured and casualties

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• Reports to the hospital and make arrangements for likely more cases of injuries • Communicate information to the relatives of the injured/deceased. • Calling for help like transport, firefighting services, paramedical and antidotes etc. from the available resources in the district/town. • If required communicates to Fire Services, Pollution Control Board, Inspectorate of Factories or other departments in consultation with site controller.

7.7.5.4 Emergency Coordinator (First Aid and Medical Management) • Upon hearing the siren rushes to Occupational Health Centre. • Takes charge of safety squad reported to Occupational Health Centre • Arranges for first aid and specific treatment with the advice of doctor. • In case of need arranges for shifting to other medical centres as the case may be, maintains contact with site controller from time to time.

7.7.5.5 Emergency Coordinator (Security and Supply) • Upon hearing the siren, all material transport vehicles will be sent out and the gates will be closed • Restricts visitor’s entry inside the premises • Directs the ambulance to the vicinity of site of incident • Ensures all the security guards are reporting to main gate. • He will rush to the scene with shift security inspector and reports to Incident Controller except in cases of toxic release. • Additional fire extinguishers, hoses, nozzles located in various points will be drawn and arranged for firefighting • Co-ordinates with fire brigade group and helps them

7.7.5.6 Emergency Coordinator (Utility & Maintenance) • Upon hearing the siren/message rushes to the site of incident and reports to incident controller. • Appoints electrical technician as in charge of fire hydrant pumps operation to maintain hydrant pressure. • In consultation with incident controller, arranges power supply which is cut-off to the affected area. Ensures that, emergency power and water supply is on. • Arranges for shutdown of non-essential utilities as per instructions of incident controller • Consults incident controller and with the help safety squad executes the leakage control operations

7.7.5.7 Safety Squad • Upon hearing emergency instructions from public address system, informs to the available superior and rushes to the location of emergency. • Carries at least one fire extinguisher or stretcher, artificial resuscitator and reports to the incident controller and works as per his directions.

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• Does firefighting/rescue/ first aid/evacuation and leakage control as directed by the incident controller.

7.7.5.8 Accounting of Personnel

On hearing the emergency siren all employees of the factory will proceed to safe assembly point as directed by their departmental heads. Respective department heads / manager will take the head count and report the same to head count in charge.

It is important to be able to account for personnel during the emergency, but it can be particularly difficult. Because of visitors, contractors, shift changes, holidays and sickness absence, it is normally a practice to maintain a detailed roll of personnel on site at any one-time, which can be updated during the early stage of an emergency. Detailed lists of contractors on site will be maintained, with a similar list of visitors.

7.7.6 Other requirements of Emergency Management Plan 7.7.6.1 Access to Records

This will be necessary in order that relatives of any causality can be quickly informed. It is suggested that lists of names and addresses of work personnel will be kept in the emergency control centre. This needs to be regularly updated to take account of changes in personnel, address, and next of kin and so on.

7.7.6.2 Public Relations

Any incident will attract the interest of the media, and a major accident is likely to involve widespread radio and television coverage. Unless appropriate arrangements are made, this can divert personnel from the tasks of handling the emergency. It is essential to make arrangements for the authoritative release of information during any emergency. A senior manager or member of the staff will be appointed as the sole source of this information.

7.7.6.3 Rehabilitation

The emergency will continue until all fires have been extinguished with no risk of re- ignition or for a gas release. Even then, care is required when re-entering the incident area. The local factory inspectorate may wish to initiate an inquiry and will be consulted regarding the collection of evidence before it is disturbed.

7.7.6.4 Shut-down Procedures

For single plant sites, shut-down procedures may be comparatively simple, with no knock- on effects elsewhere on site. With complex sites, plant operations are often interlinked

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 207 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED and the shut-down of any key plant on site for a power station may have significant implications for other plant. Emergency plans will need to take account of this so that ordered and phased shut-downs can take place when necessary, depending on the type of incident occurring.

7.7.6.5 Rehearsing Emergency Procedures (Mock drills)

Once the emergency plan is finalized, it will be made known to all personnel so that each knows his or her role in the event of an emergency. It is essential that the plan is regularly tested because it is only through such rehearsals that defects become apparent.

Communication is a key component of handling an emergency. Evacuation rehearsals will be regularly carried out and will cause minimum disruption to the normal activities. More elaborate exercises, involving the emergency services where they are part of the emergency plan, will also need to take place.

7.7.6.6 Technical Protective Measures

Over and above the safety systems, which help to keep the plant in a safe condition, protective measures can be taken to limit the consequences of an accident. The measures are such as • Gas detectors • Water spray systems (to cool tanks or to extinguish a fire) • Water jets • Steam spray systems • Collecting tanks and bunds

7.7.6.7 Prevention of Human and Organizational Errors

Human errors can be a source of major accidents. The following preventive measures can be taken: • Interlocking of safety related valves and switches, which may not operate simultaneously • Clear marking of switches, knobs and displays on control panels • Proper communication devices for the plant personnel • Safeguarding against inadvertent switching actions • Training of personnel

7.7.6.8 Mitigation of Consequences

No major hazard installation can ever be absolutely safe. Even if a hazard assessment has been carried out, if the hazards have been detected and appropriate measures have been taken, the possibility of an accident cannot be completely ruled out. For this reason, it

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 208 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED must be part of the safety concept to plan and provide measures, which can mitigate the consequences of an accident. Other measures for mitigating the consequences of an accident deal mainly with the response to a release of a hazardous substance. In order to be able to initiate counter-measures in the event of an accident, the following actions are required to be taken.

• Setup and train a fire brigade, professional or voluntary and provide alarm systems • Draw up a Disaster Management Plan • Reach an agreement with the authorities regarding co-ordination with their contingency plan • Notify the authorities about the nature and scope of the hazard in the event of an accident • Provide antidotes in the event of a release of toxic substances

7.7.6.9 Appraisal and Updating

Emergency planning rehearsals and exercises will be monitored by observers not involved in the exercise, and preferably independent of the site, for example, senior officers from the emergency services or factory inspectorate. After each exercise, the plan will be thoroughly reviewed to take account of omissions or shortcomings.

Emergency plans, particularly for complex sites, are the subject of continual refinement and updating, but it is important that any changes of substance are made known to those likely to be involved in that part of the plan when used for real emergency.

7.7.7 Off-Site Emergency Plan 7.7.7.1 General

When the consequences of an emergency situation go beyond the plant boundaries, it becomes an off-site emergency. Off-site emergency is essentially the responsibility of the District administration. However, the factory management will provide the District administration with the technical information relating to the nature, quantum and probable consequences on the neighbouring population.

Structure of the off-site emergency plan includes the following: • Organizational set up-Incident controller /Site main controller, Key personnel etc., • Communication facilities - List of important telephones • Specialized emergency equipment – Firefighting equipment • Specialized Knowledge - Trained people • Voluntary Organization - Details of organization • Chemical information - MSDS of hazardous substances • Meteorological information - Weather condition, Wind velocity etc., • Humanitarian arrangement - Transport, First aid, Ambulance

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7.7.7.2 Role of the factory management

The onsite and offsite plans come together so that the emergency services are called upon at the appropriate time and are provided with accurate information and a correct assessment of situation.

7.7.7.3 Role of local authority

The duty to prepare the off-site plan lies with the local authority. They may have appointed an Emergency Planning Officer (EPO) to prepare whole range of different emergency plans within the local authority area.

7.7.7.4 Role of fire authority

The control of a fire is normally the responsibility of the senior fire brigade officer who would take over the handling of fire from the Incident Controller on arrival at the site.

7.7.7.5 Role of police

The overall control of an emergency is normally assumed by the police with a senior officer designated as emergency coordinating officer. Formal duties of the police during emergency include protection of life and property and controlling traffic movements.

7.7.7.6 Role of health authorities

Health authorities, including doctors, hospitals, ambulances etc., have a vital role to play following a major accident and they will form an integral part of the emergency plan. Major off-site incidents are likely to require medical equipment and facilities in addition to those available locally.

7.7.7.7 Role of the “Mutual Aid” agencies

Some types of mutual aids are available from the surrounding factories, as per need, as a part of the onsite and offsite emergency plan.

7.7.7.8 Role of the factory inspectorate

In the event of an accident, the factory inspector will assist the District Emergency Authority for information and help in getting mutual aid from surrounding factories. Unit maintains the records corrective preventive measures taken and in future the same practice will be continued.

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7.7.7.9 Occupational Health and Safety

The project proponent strongly believes in the safety and health of the workers. The company will conduct regular medical check-ups of the workers and for the safer side there will always be a rotation of the workers where the exposure to dust and chemicals is high. Safety being the first policy of the company, list of Antidotes for different accidents and diseases will be provided to the entire department. • Major anticipated occupational health & safety hazard is due to physical hazard is from finished products storage area, electrical & mechanical operations & maintenance works. • Accidental skin & eye irritation & burns, respiratory & pulmonary diseases. • Liver kidney, CNS, CVS functions on chronic exposure. • Chemical burns due to vapors exposure in case of fire.

7.7.7.10 Occupational Health and Safety Precautions

Provision of all necessary equipment like portable detectors, online detectors and other laboratory equipment for regular monitoring of workplace air and other conditions (VOC, Temperature, Humidity and Light Intensity etc., • The safety policy • All the work places will be provided with the MSDS of chemicals & materials being handled. The concerned employees are trained and all the employees are made aware of the hazards in handling the chemicals. • Inspection and preventive & breakdown maintenance of all the equipment including pollution control equipment will be undertaken. • Compulsory use of necessary PPEs • Installation of Fire extinguishers at required places for all workers • Regular work place monitoring • Provision of part time qualified medical officer as per factories act guidelines. • Regular medical check-up of employees by qualified medical • Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation, chemical exposure will be carried out at frequent intervals. • Display various instruction boards, cautionary notices etc., at different locations.

7.7.7.11 Frequency & Parameters of Health Check-Up

• Pre-employment health check-up followed by periodical health check-up will be undertaken every year with special attention to occupational health hazards for all the employees. • This activity will be outsourced to the local hospitals and diagnostic centres • The following parameters are part of pre-employment & annual periodical medical checkupgiven in Table 7.5

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Table 7.5: Health check-up parameters Sl.No. Test Details 1 Physical Fitness Certificate 2 Pulse 3 Blood Pressure 4 Complete Blood Examination Haemoglobin % (Hb%), WBC, RBC, Etc. 5 Vision 6 Central Nervous System (CNS) 7 Respiratory System-Lung Function (RS) 8 Cardio Vascular System (CVS) 9 Electro Cardio Gram (ECG) 10 Chest X-ray 11 Total Leucocyte Count (TC) 12 Differential Leucocyte Count (DLC) 13 Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC) 14 Complete Urine Examination [Physical / Chemical /Albumin, Sugar & Bile Salt etc. 15 Random blood Sugar (RBS)

7.8 Social impact assessment, R&R action plans 7.8.1 Social impact assessment

Social Impact Assessment is link to Socio – Economic Benefit to the people living around the project. The present proposal is expansion of distillery unit using molasses/sugar juice. Therefore, the proposed project will continue to benefit the agriculturists in terms of utilization of their produce that is sugarcane in the factory. The Industry under the corporate social responsibility has undertaken various activities for the benefit of the local people and will continue the same in the future also.

7.8.2 R & R action plans

The existing land is sufficient for the proposed expansion also & therefore no resettlement & re-habitation is envisaged.

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CHAPTER 8

PROJECT BENEFITS

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CHAPTER 8 PROJECT BENEFITS ______

8.0 General

The proposed project has potential to generate employment opportunities for unskilled, semiskilled, skilled workforce during construction and operation phase as well. There will be an overall socio-economic development in the area around the project. The proposed expansion of the plant will support Government of India’s fuel blending programme with renewable energy like Ethanol and help downsize the nation’s carbon footprint. This will not only help in reducing the emission from vehicles will also save the foreign exchange considerably.

8.1 Improvements in the physical infrastructure

Due to the presence of Jamkhandi Sugars Ltd., there are improvements in the region that has taken place over the years since the commissioning of the plant. To name a few infrastructural developments are road connectivity between the villages and to the industry, increase in green cover, drinking water facilities along with sanitation etc.,

8.2 Employment potential - skilled; semi-skilled and unskilled

The operating sugar plant has employed about 533 persons and additional 75 Persons, comprising skilled and semi-skilled persons. JSL will give preference to the local people for employment.

8.3 Other tangible benefits

The following facilities will be provided to the employees: ● Regular Health check-ups, Med- claim. ● Transportation facilities ● Housing facilities

Additionally, certain works like providing security personnel, providing services to the employed manpower will be outsourced on contract. The economic condition of the neighbourhood people will be improved. Social development works will be undertaken in the neighbouring villages under ESR program.

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CHAPTER 9

ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

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CHAPTER 9

ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS ______

9.0 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis

As per MoEF & CC Office Memorandum no. 22-65/2007-IA.III dated 30th September 2020, an amount of Budget of Rs.50 Lakhs is earmarked for shouldering the CER.

9.1Break-up of cost allocated for fulfilling CERs

Break-up of cost allocated for fulfilling CERs is presented in below Table 9.0

Table 9.0: Break-up of cost allocated for fulfilling CERs Sl. Timeline Proposed to cover the Activity under CER No. (Year wise) villages Avenue plantation in Hirepadasalagi, 1 2020-23 community areas Chikkapadasalgi Education and skill 2 2021-24 Nagnur, Adihundi, Bidari development programs Infrastructure development 3 2021-25 Hirepadasalagi programs in nearby schools Public welfare (Swachh Hirepadasalagi, Nagnur, 4 2020-22 Bharat Abhiyan) Adihundi, Bidari Participation and support to KSPCB for conducting 5 Parisaramitra /green 2020-23 Hirepadasalagi nurturing programme in schools. Hirepadasalagi, Providing drinking water 6 2020-25 Chikkapadasalgi,Nagnur, facility to nearby villages Adihundi

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CHAPTER 10

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

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CHAPTER 10

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ______

10.0 Introduction

The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development in the area of the proposed project. EMP aims at not only the regulatory requirements to meet the norms prescribed in the Environment Protection Act and Rules but also to ensures the conservation measures with respect to use of natural resources.

Chapter 4 of this EIA report under the caption “Anticipated Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures” is dealt in detail. Similarly, in Chapter 6 of this report, Environment Monitoring Methodology, Frequency, Location of Monitoring, budgeting of EMP etc. is dealt.

In this chapter emphasis on the EMP development is on the following: • Mitigation measures for each of the activities causing the environmental impact • Monitoring plans for checking activities and environmental parameters and monitoring responsibilities. • Role responsibilities of the environmental cell and resource allocation for monitoring.

Following sections describes in brief the environment management plan proposed for construction and operation phases.

JSL is aware that environmental management is not a job. The success lies if three components are simultaneously present viz., (1) Management support (2) Efficiency of the environment management cell and (3) Acceptability of resulting environmental quality, both by Regulatory bodyand bypublic. (4) Promote environmental awareness and understanding among employees and contractors through training, identification of roles and responsibilities towards environmental management. (5) Linking project performance to overall environmental performance.

A structure of this plan and hierarchy of process flow for environmental management is prepared. JSL has adopted this structure and hierarchy, which is akin to principles and practice.

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Further, the administrative aspects of the environment management, green belt and rainwater harvesting are also dealt.

The management of Jamkhandi Sugars Ltd., is committed to the above to ensure that the working of the industry should not hamper the Environment quality and the functioning of the industry to be acceptable to the people around.

10.1 Objectives of Environmental Management Plan

Objectives of Environmental Management Plan are; • The mitigation measures are implemented to protect the environment from the operational impacts and • Establish systems and procedures for implementing mitigation measures to; ➢ Treat and dispose the pollutants in air, liquid, solid/hazardous waste and to control noise ➢ To take up greenbelt development ➢ Practice rain water harvesting ➢ Give emphasis on resource conservation, recycle and reuse ➢ Ensure good working conditions for employees • Monitor the effectiveness of mitigation measures and correct and upgrade the systems to meet the regulatory norms • To comply with all legal requirements while meeting the social obligation • Take necessary prompt action when unforeseen impacts occurrence due to accidents

10.2 Environmental Management Cell (EMC)

For effective implementation of the system an Environmental Management Cell (EMC) is established for implementation and monitoring of EMP. The EMC is having technical personnel with required expertise and with clearly defined responsibilities and authority for effective implementation of EMP. A typical structure of EMC is presented in the form of an Organogram is shown in Figure 10.0

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MANAGING DIRECTOR

GENERAL MANAGER - WORKS

DEPUTY GENERAL MANAGER - PROCESS

MANAGER - ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT CHEMISTS ETP OPERATION ENGINEERS

Figure 10.0: EMC organogram

Responsibilities of Environmental management cell • To implement & monitor the Environment Management Plan • To inculcate Safety Culture by regular training • Monitor the wastewater on daily basis for flow of effluent, operation of online monitors, analysis of critical parameters as per the Standard Operation Procedures for the unit operation of ETP • Report timely compliance to the regulatory authorities as stipulated • Monitor efficiency of all pollution control equipment regularly • Maintain online monitoring system for effluent inflow and emission form boilers • Develop a strong Management Information System or Standard Operating Procedure to disseminate information to top management and concerned production personnel on ➢ Compliances ➢ Non-compliances ➢ Efficiency of operation of Pollution Control equipment and ETP facilities ➢ Alert the top management on potential non-compliances • To ensure that Environment Performance is one of the important agenda points in the Monthly Progress Review by top management. • Look for improvement opportunities to down size carbon foot print and to reduce emissions to environment. • Resource utilization like solar energy. • R&D to reduce waste generation from the manufacturing process

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10.3 EMP for construction stage

The Environment Management action plan aims at controlling pollution at the source level to the extent possible.

The management and contractor is responsible for the implementation and compliance with recommendations and conditions of the EMP to; • Ensure compliance with the EMP at all times during construction • Maintain an environmental register which keeps a record of all incidents which occur on the site during construction. These incidents include: ✓ Public involvement / complaints ✓ Health and safety incidents ✓ Incidents involving Hazardous materials stored on site ✓ Non-compliance incidents

10.3.1 Environmental management cells responsibilities

The following are the environmental management responsibilities of the various parties during construction and operational phases. Unless otherwise stated the EMP will be adhered to as follows: • The Contractor will be the responsible party for compliance with this EMP developed by the industry during the construction phase. The EMC is responsible to ensure that the contractor follows the EMP • The EMC will monitor the construction phase implementation of EMP by contractor. • The Environmental Engineer will inspect the site periodically once in a week depending on the stage of the project • The inspection will include a review of records that will be kept on site by the contractor and/or site inspections • The industry will bear ultimate responsibility for environmental management.

10.3.2 Environmental monitoring during construction

This will include; • Periodical noise monitoring • Ambient air quality monitoring during earthwork at wind word direction for 24 hours during the activity at peak. • Weekly environmental inspections to confirm compliance with the EMP and contract conditions with respect to environment aspects. These inspections can be conducted randomly and do not require prior arrangement with the project manager • Compilation with inspection observations to be verified to ensure corrective actions • Monthly review meetings

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10.4 EMP for Operation Phase

The impacts on the various environmental attributes are mitigated using appropriate pollution control equipment. The Environment Management action plan aims at controlling pollution at the source level to the extent possible, with the available and affordable technology, followed by the treatment measures before they are discharged to the environment. The mitigation measures to prevent adverse impact during the operation phase of the project is detailed in Chapter 4 of the report it focus on the following:

a. Air Environment b. Water environment c. Solid waste d. Land environment e. Noise Environment f. Socio Economic environment g. Rain water harvesting

10.4.1 Air Environment

Sugar plant, Co-gen and distillery emission management

The environmental cell shall ensure the following; • The fuel viz., Bagasse and coal should be stored in a secured manner provided with netlon to control the fugitive emission pith and dust. Similarly, the conveyor belts should be covered to control dropping down of pith and fugitive emission. • The operation of air pollution control equipment provided for emission control from boilers and DG set should be kept operating round the clock for this alternative power supply should be provided. • The online monitoring system should be calibrated as per the schedule given by the supplier and it shall be in continuous operation and lock down to KSPCB and CPCB server. • The finished products are stored in MS tanks in a secured manner. The ethanol is loaded to the tankers by automatic pumping system, to ensure control of fugitive emission. • Odour is primarily controlled at source by good operational practices, including physical management control measures. • Better housekeeping with good hygiene condition by regular steaming of all fermentation equipment. • The main source of odour is from spent wash storage lagoon. The holding capacity shall be restricted to maximum 5 days in order to reduce the odour. • The periodical monitoring of emission sources and ambient air quality is ensured as per the Environmental Monitoring Program apart from online monitoring system to randomly check the performances.

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• Maintenance of log books and review by top management.

10.4.2 Water Environment

The environmental cell shall ensure the following;

Sugar plant and co-generation plant effluent management • Segregation of condensate stream; cooling water bled and wash water streams • The effluent drain shall be kept in good condition with regular cleaning • The storm water drain should be kept separate from effluent drain • The condensate will be treated and reused for cooling tower makeup, imbibition etc., • Ensure continuous operation of ETPs. • Ensure that the online monitoring systems viz., flow measuring device and treated effluent monitored are kept in operating condition all the time and connected to KSPCB and CPCB server. • The online monitors should be calibrated as per the schedule given by the supplier • Ensure that the treated effluent meets the standards prescribed in the consent order of KSPCB • The treated effluent shall be used for irrigation on sugar cane R&D land owned by the director of the industry. • Maintenance of log books and review by top management

Distillery plant effluent management • The continuous operation and maintenance of the MEE and boilers. • The continuous operation and maintenance of CPU • Operation and maintenance of online flow meters • Connectivity of online monitoring systems to CPCB and KSPCB servers. • Corrective actions with respect to mal functioning of MEE, incinerator boilers, performance of CPU. • No effluent treated or untreated are discharged on land or outside the factory. • Effluent and storm water drain inspection • Maintenance of log books and review by top management.

10.4.3 Solid Waste Management

Sugar plant and distillery Plant: The bagasse and press mud are the two major solid waste that are generated from the sugar plant. Bagasse is completely used in co- generation plant in the boiler for steam generation. The other solid waste is from ETP sludge. Pressmud, ETP sludge, incineration ash from distillery are mixed and given to farmers for composting and application on land for agriculture. Fly ash will be given to brick manufacturers.The quantities of solid waste generated are given in the Chapter 2.

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10.4.4 Land Management

The expansion is being planned within the existing premises of the operating plant. The topography of the area will not be affected during the construction of additional facilities. The land where the construction is planned should only be cleared for any vegetation. The landscape and the greenery around the construction site will not be affected. Due care will be taken to provide barricade around the construction site and to ensure dust deposition on the vegetation do not take place. The movement of construction vehicles are on already developed roads.

10.4.5 Noise Management

The major source of noise is from operation of sugar cane crusher, manufacturing equipments in sugar plant, compressors, pumps, DG set, boiler area, TG set, cooling tower area and movement of vehicles carrying sugar cane and the finished products transport trucks and tankers.

There is bound to be some residual effect due the operation of the above sources. Control of noise is attempted at source by proper lubrication of moving equipment, providing acoustic enclosures/rooms for DG set, and TG sets, keeping compressors and the pumps in good condition to make the noise minimal. Company will ensure that the DG sets and other equipment purchased will meet the regulatory noise as far as the noise levels are concerned.

Vehicular movement will be on the metal road both inside and outside. The human settlement is not affected as they are away from the industry. Movement of vehicles during the night times will be avoided. The works working the high noise areas will be provided with earmuffs.

Due to control of noise at the source the noise level at the boundary of the industry will meet the National Ambient Noise Quality Standards prescribed in the Environment (Protection) Rules and The Noise Pollution (Control and Regulation) Rules 2000.

The green belt in and around the industry will further reduce the noise levels.

10.4.6 Socio-Economic Environment

Socio-Economic benefits 1. The general infrastructure in the region and roads grows with the industrial expansion. 2. Its rate of returns to the society is higher. 3. Infrastructural development further provides general incentives for growth of the region.

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4. It has a long term impact on the region. 5. Business and other social facilities have the least scope to develop due to the crushing expansion 6. Economic provisioning will grow 7. Other sources of income will increase

Willingness to pay Willingness to accept People are willing to pay for the expansion People are willing to accept for the by way of; expansion by way of; Increasing modern irrigation sources like; Road traffic disturbances. This can be drip and sprinkling and micro irrigation avoided by the Govt Departments through schemes (Cooperative Lift irrigation road expansion and creating traffic Schemes). Sugar factory can initiate such awareness programmes. activities through Cane Development Office. Increasing area under sugarcane Pollution caused by factory expansion and distillery, which can be eliminated through modern tools and techniques. By using high yielding cane varieties like; Other social disturbances, application of Co-86032, VSI-8005, Co-100001, VSI-12121, social capital techniques will be useful to Co-671 etc., Nijalingappa Sugarcane the societal people. Breeding Centre is very near to the factory site (125 KMs). By using the organic and micro fertilizers Sanitation and drainage in the rural areas. (bio-fertilizers). Training facilities are to The problem can be solved through Govt be provided by the Sugar factory. Departments by insisting to comply the needs. By adopting low cost and high yielding agricultural techniques, like precision agriculture, variable fertilizer application techniques. Following better agricultural practices, rather than mono-crop culture. Use of bio-pesticides and bio-insecticides.

8. Turnover of money in the villages will go up 9. Small investments will grow 10. The cultural and economic resilience tends to grow.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 225 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED out the better of between the situations. Hazards any should mitigated properly. The trade-off between strong and weak sustainability is highly essential.

10.4.7 Green Environment

Development of greenbelt in and around industrial activity is an effective way to check pollutants and their dispersion in to surrounding areas. The degree of pollution attenuation by a green belt depends on its height and width, foliage surface area, density, dry deposition, velocity of pollutants and the average wind speed through the green belt. The main objective of green belt around the factory is; 1. Mitigation of impacts due to fugitive emissions 2. Attenuation of noise levels 3. Ecological restoration 4. Improvement in aesthetic environment quality 5. Waste water treatment and reuse. 6. Soil erosion prevention

Keeping in view of the soil and water quality available in and around the industry and the topography of land, following species are existing tree species within the industry premises. The area covered by green belt is 50.624 acres accounting for 34.26 % of the total land area.

Green belt should be developed all along the boundaries so as to control the spread of pith to the surrounding areas and also it helps in minimizing the spread of odour. The existing green belt to be enriched with native species.

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The existing tree in industry are given below table;

Table 10.0: List of Existing tree in industry Sl Botanical name Common name Type Height No 1 Bauhinia recemosa Banne Small 5 m Deciduous Tree 2 Bauhinia semla - Tree 10 m Deciduous 3 Bauhinia varigata Arisinatiga Tree 5 m Deciduous 4 Bischofia jevanica Gobranerale Tree 15m Semi- deciduous 5 Bougainvillea septabilis - Scrub 8m Evergreen 6 Brideliasquamosa - Tree 10m Deciduous 7 Broussonetia papyrifera Kagsduppunerala Tree 12m Deciduous 8 Buchanania lanzan - Tree 13m Evergreen 9 Butea monosperma Muttuga Tree 10m Deciduous 10 Caesalpinia pulcherrima Kempukanijiga Shrub 4 m Evergreen 11 Callislemom citrinus - Small 50m Evergreen Tree 12 Calophyllun inophyllum Honne Tree 18 m Evergreen 13 Calotropis gigantean - Shrub 5m Evergreen 14 Calotropis procera - Shrub 6m Evergreen 15 Carissa spinarum - Shrub 3m Evergreen 16 Cassia fistula - Tree 12m Deciduous 17 Cassia javanica Aragena Tree 12m Deciduous 18 Cassia pumila Nelatogache Tree 10-12 m Evergreen 19 Cassia rerigera - Tree 10 m Deciduous 20 Cassia siamea Hiretangaad Tree 10-12 m Evergreen 21 Casurina equisetifolia Chabaku Tree 10 m Evergreen 22 Caiba pentandra - Tree 15 m Deciduous 23 Citrus aurantium - Tree 5 m Evergreen 24 Citrus limon - Shrub 3 m Evergreen 25 Clerodendrum inerme Kundali Shrub 5 m Evergreen 26 Clerodendrum - Shrub 3-4 m Evergreen infortunatum 27 Cocos nucifera - Tree 10-15m Evergreen 28 Cordia dichotoma Chikka challe Tree 10 m Evergreen 29 Coriaria nepalensis - Shrub 5 m Deciduous 30 Corylus columa - Tree 10 m Deciduous 31 Dalbergia sissoo Agaru Tree 10 m Evergreen 32 Duranta repens - Shrub 3 m Evergreen 33 Embica officinalis Amlaka tree 5 m

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34 Embryopteris peregrine - Tree 10m Deciduous 35 Erythrina variegate Harivana Tree 10 m Deciduous 36 Eucalyptus citriodora - Tree 20m Evergreen 37 Eucalyptus hybrid - Tree 20m Evergreen 38 Ficus benghalensis - Tree 20m Evergreen 39 Ficus benjamina - Tree 12m Evergreen 40 Ficus elastica - Tree 12m Evergreen 41 Ficus gibbosa - Tree 10 m Evergreen 42 Ficus glomerate Athi Tree 10 m Evergreen 43 Ficus hispida - Tree 10 m Evergreen 44 Ficus religiosa - Tree 20m Evergreen 45 Ficus virens - Tree 10m Evergreen 46 Gardenia jasminoides - Tree 5m Evergreen 47 Gardenia resinifera - Tree 5m Deciduous 48 Gliricidia sepium - Tree 10m Deciduous 49 Grevillea robusta - Tree 20m Evergreen 50 Grewia elastica - Tree 10m Deciduous 51 Grewia subinequalis Bhuttiyadippe Tree 10m Deciduous 52 Gauzma ulmifolia - Tree 10 m Evergreen 53 Hamelia patens - Shrub 3 m Evergreen 54 Heterophargma roxburghii Bechadi Tree 18m Evergreen 55 Hibiscus rosa sinensis - Shrub 3m Deciduous 56 Holoptelia integrifolia Thavasai Tree - Evergreen 57 Ixora arborea - Tree 6m Evergreen 58 Ixora coccinea - Tree 6m Evergreen 59 Ixora undulate - Tree 6m Evergreen 60 Juniperus communis - Shrub 10m Evergreen 61 Kigelia africana - Small tree 10m Deciduous 62 Lagerstroemia parviflora - Tall Tree 20m Evergreen 63 Lagerstroemia speciosa Heladasavala Tree 10m Evergreen 64 Lantana camara - Shrub 3m Evergreen 65 Lawsonia inermis Gotanta Shrub 5m Deciduous 66 Madhuca longifolia Hippe Tree 15m Evergreen 67 Mallotus philippensis - Tree 12m Deciduous 68 Mammea surgia Surungi Tree 15m Evergreen 69 Mangifera indica Maavu Tree 15m Evergreen 70 Millingtoma hortensis - tree 10m Evergreen 71 Mimusops elengi - Tree 10m Evergreen 72 Mimusops hexandra - Tree 10m Deciduous 73 Moringa oleifera Nugge Tree 10m Evergreen 74 Morus alba - Tree 8m Evergreen 75 Murraya paniculate Pandry Shrub 5m Evergreen

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76 Nerium indicum - Shrub 5m Deciduous 77 Nyvtanthus arbortristis - Shrub 5m Deciduous 78 Ouginia oojeinensis Kari Tree 12m Evergreen 79 Peltophorum pterocarpum - Tree - Evergreen 80 Phoenix sylvestris Ichalu Tree 10m Deciduous 81 Phyllanthus acidus - Tree 8m Evergreen 82 Pinus roxburghii - Tree 10m Evergreen 83 Pitchecellobium Dulce Kottampuli Tree 8m Evergreen 84 Poinciania pulcherrima - 3m Evergreen 85 Polyalthia lonifolia Putrajivi Tree 15m Deciduous 86 Populus nigra - Tree 20m Evergreen 87 Prosopis chilensis - Tree 10m Evergreen 88 Prosopis cineraria Banni Tree 12m Evergreen 89 Prosopis tamarugo - Tree 13m Evergreen 90 Psidium guayava - Tree 5m Deciduous 91 Pterygote alata Bekaro Tree 15m Evergreen 92 Ricinus cummmunis Haralu Shrub 6m Deciduous 93 Salix tetrasperma - Tree 15m Evergreen 94 Samanea saman - Tree 20m Evergreen 95 Saraca asoka - Tree 15m Evergreen 96 Seshamia granchflora Agase Tree 10m Evergreen 97 Sesamia sesban Arisinajeenangime Shrub 6m Evergreen 98 Sesbania speciosa - Shrub 4m Deciduous 99 Soyamida febrifuga Suani Tree 15m Evergreen 100 Spathodea campanulata - Tree 12m Deciduous 101 Spondias pinnata Ambate Tree 10m Deciduous 102 Sterculia foetida Penari Tree 15m Deciduous 103 Sterculia guttata - Tree 15m Deciduous 104 Strychnos nux-vomica Kanjira Tree 12m Evergreen 105 Suncarpia glamulifera - Tree 20m Evergreen 106 Syzgium cumini Nerale Tree 20m Evergreen 107 Tabernaemontana - Shrub 3 m Evergreen divaricate 108 Tamavindus indica Amli Tree 20m Evergreen 109 Tecoma stans Koreneklar Shrub 5m Deciduous 110 Tectona grandis Tega Tree 20m Deciduous 111 Termanalia alata Sadada Tree 20m Deciduous 112 Terminalia arjuna Maddi Tree 15m Deciduous 113 Terminalia bellarica - Tree 15m Deciduous 114 Terminaha chebula - tree 15m Evergreen 115 Thevetia peruviana Kadukasi Shrub 6m Evergreen 116 Thuja occidentails - Tree 15m Evergreen

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117 Trema orientails Gorklu Tree 6m 118 Ziziphus mauritiana Elanji Tree 10m Evergreen 119 Ziziphus oenoplia Barge Straggler 5m Evergreen shrub 120 Ziziphus rugosa Mahigotte Straggler 5m Evergreen shrub 121 Ziziphus xylopara Mullukare Straggler 4 m Evergreen shrub These are locally common in the surrounding region as well.

Further, there is scope for plantation along the boundaries of the industry following species are planned; 1. Jamoon (Syzygiumcumuni), 2. Ashoka (Polyalthialongifolia), 3. Hebbevu (Melia dubia), 4. Bamboo (Bamubusa bamboos), 5. Honge (Pongamiapinnata) a) Plantation will be taken up for every year to maintain green belt in and around the factory premises b) Adequate provisions are made to facilitate adequate watering of all plants and lawns. Special attention is provided during summer to ensure that the green belt does not suffer from water shortage. c) No outside soil is brought for any building/ greenery developments.

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Existing Greenbelt area photographs

10.5 Rain Water Harvesting System

In the project it is intend to harvest and recharge the storm water. The harvested rainwater will be used for greenery development /gardening/dust suppression/ washing / cleaning purposes. Along with this in order to increase the groundwater potential of the region, recharge structures will also be implemented. Rainwater harvesting plan is implemented to conserve the water resources and also to improve underground potential of the region.

The total amount/quantity of water i.e., received in the form of rainfall over an area is called the rain water endowment of that area, out of which the amount of water that can be effectively harvested is called the rain water harvesting potential. Strom water collection structures are planned based on the contour levels of the industry along with rain fall data.

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The average rainfall in last five years (2014 to 2018) in Bagalkot District is 495.4 mm. (Source: Annual Rainfall reports, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Karnataka,https://des.karnataka.gov.in/info-2/Agricultural%20Census%20%20Rainfall%20 and%20Sample%20check%20on%20Developmental%20Programmes%20(ARC)/Reports/en)

Considering 83 rainy days in a year, the average daily rainfall = 495.4/83 = 5.97 mm/day The total plot / catchment area of the proposed project is 2,78,255 sq.m. Rain water harvesting potential = Catchment area (in sqm) X Runoff coefficient X Average Daily Rainfall (m/day) = 278255 x 0.9 x (5.97/1000) = 1495 m3/day The rain water harvested of quantity 1495 m3/day and will be collected in reservoir of 1600 cum capacity for further usage.

Rain water harvesting for recharging of ground water is done artificially by means of recharge structure. Rainwater harvesting structures shall be provided to recharge the groundwater resources in the in the factory area. The run-off water from the roof of the structures and paved areas shall be collected through storm water drainage system and led to rain water harvesting structure.

10.6 Environmental Monitoring Schedule

Aappropriate monitoring is a technique of drawing a sample and deriving inferences from the same for knowledge and improvements. A scheme for monitoring is presented in chapter Six. The monitored data are compiled and submitted to regulatory authorities as per the stipulations. i) Daily Compliance: • Take the meter readings - initial and final, for checking the water consumption. • Maintain the electricity consumption record for pollution control equipments. • To maintain log book for operation of effluent treatment plant viz., Physio chemical treatment and composting as per CPCB protocols • Monitor ambient air periodically as per Consent conditions. • Verify on line monitoring data for any exceedance and to take corrective actions. ii) Monthly Compliance: • Monitor the emission sources through the competent authority and submit the analysis reports to the Pollution Control Board • Monitor ambient/work zone noise levels & ensure conformance to standards • Periodical monitoring of compost quality and the outlet of digester.

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 232 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED iii) Quarterly Compliance: • Monitor the ambient air quality at upwind and downwind locations of the factory • Review the Water Reuse performance. iv) Half yearly compliance: • Preparing half yearly compliance report for environmental clearance for the period April to September; October to March every year and submission in December and June to Regional Office of MoEF, Department of Ecology and Environment and to State Pollution Control Board. v) Yearly Compliance: • Carryout “Environmental Audit of various environmental aspects, review the environmental policies with the help of experts and make the up-gradation /changes accordingly. • Submit the “Environmental Statement” to the State Pollution Control Board in Form V under Rule 14 of the Environment (Protection) Second Amendment Rules 1992 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. • Renew the Consent to Operate under the Water and Air Acts. • Renew the Hazardous Waste Authorization under sub-rule 3 of the Hazardous & other Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2016. • To prepare and submit the form 4 under the H W Management Rules to KSPCB • The management of SRSL periodically reviews the performance of EMP and the data generated from monitoring. • Carrying out review of safety

10.7 EMP Implementation Schedule

Phased according to the priority, the implementation schedule is presented in the following Table 10.0 Table 10.1:Implementation schedule for EMP Sl. No. Recommendations Requirement 1 Air pollution control measures Existing 2 Water pollution control measures Existing 3 Noise control measures Existing 4 Solid waste management Existing 5 Landscape development Existing & Stage-wise implementation

10.7.1 Budget for EMP

The responsibility of EMP implementation lies with M/s. Jamkhandi Sugars Limited & the financial allocation/budgetary provisions for environmental management is detailed in Chapter 6.Capital Investment on Pollution Control systems, green belt and laboratory is Rs 3934 lakhs during expansion and Rs 538.5 lakhs is the cost on existing facilities; similarly

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 233 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED the Operation and maintenance and monitoring cost are Rs. 26 lakhs is the existing and Rs 33.5 lakhs is recurring cost during expansion.

10.8 Environmental Policy

The Board of Directors of M/s. Jamkhandi Sugars Limited., recognize the important responsibility it has towards the environment, and is committed to. JSL Quality Policy, Food Safety Policy Statement, Environmental Policy and Personnel Hygiene and Behavior Policy are shown in Figure 10.1 respectively.

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Figure 10.1: Quality Policy, Food Safety Policy Statement, Environmental Policy and Personnel Hygiene and Behavior Policy

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CHAPTER 11

SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

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CHAPTER 11 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ______

11.0 Summary and conclusion

M/s. Jamkhandi Sugars Ltd., started its operation in the year 2001 at Survey No. 66, 72, 73, 74, 78, 79, 80 and 88, Hirepadasalagi Village, Jamkhandi Taluk, Bagalkot District in Karnataka State and operating sugar industry with 5000 TCD Sugar Cane, 27 MW Co-gen power Plant and 60 KLD Distillery Unit, power plant of 2.2 MW. Industry is operating with the valid consent of the KSPCB valid up to 30.6.2021.

Jamkhandi Sugars Ltd now propose to expand the sugar, co-generation, distillery and captive power plant as indicated in the table below in the existing premises;

Capacities of the industry existing, proposed expansion and after expansion Sl. Product Name Production Capacity No. Existing Proposed Total Expansion (after expansion) 1 Sugar TCD 5,000 6,500 11,500 2 Co-gen Power Plant MW 27 7 34 3 Distillery KLD with 60 90 150 Captive power plant MW 2.2 2.5 4.7

The Environmental Impact Assessment study for the proposed project is caried out as per the terms of reference given by Ministry of Environment. Forest and Climate Change for the application made for prior EC for expansion. The study conducted has covered various facts of the proposed expansion of industry, starting with the need, its basic requirements like raw materials, water requirement, availability of land, manufacturing process etc.,

In addition to this the metrological data and baseline environmental features have been evaluated to understand the environmental setting of the project site. Based on the baseline environmental survey air modeling studies were carried out to predict the impact of ground level pollutants in the project site. Also, the land use and land cover, ecological features of the location including the flora & fauna, socio-economic environment, the demographic structure have been evaluated.

Based on the above studies an Environmental Impact Statement has been prepared to ascertain the possible impacts of the proposed project on the environmental parameters like air, water, land, biological and socio-economic environment. An impact matrix has also been prepared based on the observations of the impacts on the environment.

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An Environmental Management Plan has been prepared covering the environmental, monitoring plan and the management plan required to be adopted by the management. An environmental monitoring plan is envisaged deciding frequency, location, data analysis, reporting schedules.

Detailed risk assessment study is carried out to evaluate the risks involved due to storage and handling of raw material and products. Also, precautionary measures to be taken for prevention/management of such risks.

The conclusions drawn from the above study is that the proposed project for expansion of the sugar, co-generation, distillery and captive power plant undertaken by the management, has certain impacts on the local environmental setting. However the impacts on air quality, water quality, Noise and soil are not exceeding the limits prescribed in the regulatory documents and the guidelines. Hence, the proposed expansion will not have significant impact on the natural environmental setting of the study zone provided the management takes up all the measures to control the impact, as enumerated ted in the report. However, the beneficial impacts on the society outweigh marginal impacts. Benefits are anticipated in terms of the employment opportunities created during expansion and regular operation of the industry. Also, there will be economic growth at the regional level especially for the farmer community.

The project is mainly agro based. The by-products generated during the process of sugar manufacturing are completely utilized for downstream products viz., bagasse used for power generation to be self-reliant on the power and supplying excess power to State grid; molasses is used for manufacture of Alcohol for industrial use, supply of Ethanol to petroleum companies for blending with petrol and Alcohol for portable purpose. Further, the wastes generated are also useful for farmers' viz., press mud and yeast sludge for composting, ash generated from incinerator having high potash content is useful for land application. Fly ash from boiler is useful for the brick manufacturers. The treated sugar plant effluent is use for agriculture and the excess condensate is used for Sugar plant process requirement as well as for co-generation cooling tower. The concept of ZLD is adopted in the Distillery. Emphasis is given for water conservation, reuse and recycle.

The industry has Environmental Management Cell in its organization to monitor and implement programs to improve its environmental status from time to time and will continue to adopt all such technological advances to reduce the impact due to its operation on the environment.

Land use characterization is done using satellite remote sensing imagery.Thestudy area is predominantly agriculture with 61%. Topography shows that streams in the area exhibit parallel to sub-parallel discharge pattern.

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The ecology and biodiversity study shows one tree species in the study area i.e. Santalum album, is in Vulnerable (VU) category according to IUCN conservation criteria. The company will take up propagation of the species in the study area, there is no Schedule I species of the Wild Life Protection Act 1972. The socio-economic impact is positive with in expansion and development of the industry.

To put it in a nut shell the management of industry, strongly believes in the concept of sustainable development and understands the impacts of the proposed expansion on the environment from the EIA studies conducted. The company will envisage to add on pollution control system in terms of MEE, Incinerator plant for incinerating concentrated spent wash, Online monitoring system will be in place as per the requirement of CPCB/KSPCB. The condensate and other LTDS effluents will be treated in the CPU and reused in the process and cooling tower, thereby achieving Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) standards. The incinerator boilers will be provided with air pollution control measures to achieve to the regulatory emission norms.

It is committed to develop its industry by minimal pressure on the environment on use of natural resources as it will be using as by-product from the sugar plant and water requirement will be met from recycle of treated effluent water and minimal quantity from River Krishna. This industrial sector is farmers friendly. The JSL management lays emphasis on the implementation of the recommendations of the EMP in true spirit.

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CHAPTER 12

DISCLOSURE OF CONSLTUANTS ENGAGED

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CHAPTER 12

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ______

12.0 Names of the consultants engaged with their brief resume & nature of consultancy rendered

Address: M/s SAMRAKSHAN F- 4, I Floor, Swastik Manandi Arcade, S C Road, Sheshadripuram, Bangalore - 560 020 Ph.: 080-41466009 E mail id – [email protected], [email protected]

SAMRAKSHAN is an Environmental Engineering Consultancy Company based at Bangalore, Karnataka. We are leading B2B solution providers in the field of Environment. SAMRAKSHAN is a specialized solution provider for Infrastructure projects, Area Development Projects, Industrial activities such as Distillery, Sugar, Fertilizers, Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Chemical industries, Power sectors, Common Waste Disposal facilities – Hazardous waste, Bio-medical waste, CETPs, Isolated storage facilities, etc., SAMRAKSHAN also undertakes Professional services in Environmental aspects.

Quality Policy of SAMRAKSHAN

“We at SAMRAKSHAN, a professional environmental technical consultancy company are committed to provide highest quality environmental management associated services within timeframe with highest degree of integrity, knowledge and technical know-how in sync with the norms that consistently conform and fulfil our customer expectations and achieve customer satisfaction in statutory and regulatory requirements.

SAMRAKSHAN shall become a Leading and Trustworthy Business Partner to all our Customers. We will achieve this by providing strategic direction to our business, setting up quality objectives which are regularly reviewed and evaluated. We shall strive continually to improve our Quality Management Systems and at the same time create an environment of team work among all our people with motivational programs”.

12.1 Declaration for Involvement in EIA Study

Project details Name and address M/s. Jamkhandi Sugars Limited Survey No. 66, 72, 73, 74, 78, 79, 80 and 88, Hirepadasalagi Village,

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 241 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED

Jamkhandi Taluk, Bagalkot District in Karnataka. Status Expansion Type Expansion of • Sugar Plant- 5000 TCD to 11500 TCD • Co-gen Power Plant 27 MW to 34 MW • Distillery with captive power plant – 60 KLD to 120 KLD and 2.2 MW to 4.7 MW respectively. Category as per Distilleries, Sugar industry and Thermal power plants under serial No. EIA Notification 5(g), 1(d) and 5(j) respectively Category-A in the schedule of the EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006 NABET sector 22 – Distilleries 25 – Sugar Industry 4 – Thermal power plants EIA consultants’ details Name & address SAMRAKSHAN F- 4, I Floor, Swastik Manandi Arcade, S C Road, Sheshadripuram, Bangalore - 560 020. Status NABET Accredited Environmental Consultants NABET Sl. No. NABET/EIA/1992/IA0051 Details of Laboratory engaged in EIA study Name & address Shri Krishna Aqua Engineering, Works, Hubli. Status NABL certified laboratory

Environmental Impact Assessment Report 242