Environment Impact Assessment and Environment Management Plan
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ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR EXPANSION OF THE SUGAR, CO-GENERATION, DISTILLERY AND CAPTIVE POWER PLANT [Project or Activity of Schedule 5(g), 5(j) and 1(d) under Category ‘A’] By M/s Jamkhandi Sugars Limited Hirepadasalagi Village, Jamkhandi Taluk, Bagalkot District, Karnataka State. Consultant SAMRAKSHAN F-4, I Floor, Swastik Manandi Arcade, S C Road, Sheshadripuram, Bangalore - 560020. www.samrakshan.co.in NABET SL NO. NABET/EIA/1992/IA0051 Submitted to Karnataka State Pollution Control Board “Parisara Bhavan”, #49, Church Street, Bangalore - 560001 Study Period: December 2019, January 2020 & February 2020 December 2020 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED INDEX Sl No. Components Page No CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 01 - 24 1.0 Preamble 02 1.1 Purpose of the Report 05 1.2 Identification of the Project & Project Proponent 05 1.2.1 Identification of the Project 05 1.2.2 Identification of Project Proponent 06 1.3 Brief Description of Nature, Size, Location of the Project & its 06 importance to the Country, Region 1.3.1 Nature & size of the Project 06 1.3.2 Location of the Project 07 1.3.3 Project Importance to the Country and Region 08 1.4 Scope of Study – Details of Regulatory Scoping carried out (as 10 per Terms of Reference) 1.4.1 Scope of the Study 10 1.4.2 Methodology of the study 10 1.4.3 Compliance to Terms of Reference (TOR) 11 1.4.4 Generic structure of EIA document 23 CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 25 - 77 2.0 Description of those aspects of the project (Based on project 26 feasibility study), likely to cause environmental effects. 2.1 Type of project 26 2.2 Need for the Project 26 2.2.1 Need for sugar factory expansion 26 2.2.2 Need for co-generation plant and captive power plant 27 Expansion 2.2.3 Need for Distillery Expansion 27 2.2.4 Demand- supply gap 27 2.2.5 Requirement of Sugarcane vis-a-vis by products for co- 28 generation and distillery 2.3 Location of the Project 28 2.3.1 Location of the Project Site with respect to state and district, 29 on Google Map (1 km, 5 km & 10 km radius from project site) 2.3.2 Existing Industry Photographs 36 2.4 Size or Magnitude of Operation 37 2.4.1 Magnitude of Operation 37 2.4.2 Land Details 37 2.4.3 Capital Investment 37 2.4.4 Man Power Requirement 38 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED 2.4.5 Power requirement 38 2.5 Proposed Schedule for Approval & Implementation 39 2.6 Technology and Process description 40 2.6.1 Raw Material required for Sugar and Distillery Plant for Existing 40 and proposed expansion 2.6.2 Storage facility for raw materials and products 42 2.7 Manufacturing Process Description 43 2.7.1(a) Process Description - Sugar 43 2.7.1(b) Process Description - Distillery Unit 48 2.8 Project Description including Drawings showing Project Layout, 53 components of Project giving information Important for EIA purpose 2.8.1 Project Description 53 2.8.2 Topography 53 2.9 Mitigation measures incorporated into the project to meet 54 Environmental Standards, Environmental Operating Conditions or other EIA requirements (as required by the scope) 2.9.1 Water Environment and Management 54 2.9.1.1 Water Demand and Wastewater/Effluent Discharge 54 2.9.1.2 Water requirement for sugar plant 54 2.9.1.3 Water requirement and waste water generation for sugar and 55 co-generation plant 2.9.1.4 Process effluent characteristics 64 2.9.1.4.1(A) Sugar plant characteristics 64 2.9.1.4.1(B) Distillery effluent characteristics 65 2.9.1.5 Description of wastewater treatment scheme & effluent 66 treatment process 2.9.1.5.1 Sugar unit effluent treatment plant process 66 2.9.1.5.2 Distillery ETP flow sheet and CPU 69 2.9.1.5.3 Photographs of the ETP 71 2.9.1.5.4 Online monitoring of effluents 72 2.9.1.5.5 Treated effluent online monitoring photos 74 2.9.2 Air Environment and Management 75 2.9.2.1 Air pollution Sources – Existing sugar plant and distillery unit 75 2.9.2.2 Air Pollution Sources – Proposed Expansion 75 2.9.2.3 Air Pollution Control Measures- Existing and Proposed 75 2.9.3 Noise Environment and Management 76 2.9.4 Hazardous & Non-Hazardous Waste Generation & Management 76 2.9.4.1 Non- Hazardous Solid Waste Generation and Management 76 CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 78 –128 3.0 Introduction 79 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED 3.1 Study area, period, components & methodology 79 3.1.1 Study area 79 3.1.2 Study period 79 3.1.3 Environmental components 80 3.1.3.1 Meteorological data 80 3.1.3.1.1 Climatic data from secondary sources 80 3.1.3.2 Air environment 80 3.1.3.3 Noise environment 81 3.1.3.4 Water environment 81 3.1.3.5 Land environment 81 3.1.3.6 Economic environment 81 3.1.3.7 Ecology and Bio-diversity 81 3.1.3.8 Soil environment 82 3.1.4 Methodology 82 3.2 Establishment of Baseline for Relevant Environmental 82 Components 3.2.1 Meteorological data 82 3.2.2 Baseline Monitoring 84 3.2.2.1 Locations for proposed data collection 84 3.2.2.2 Parameters identified and sampling frequency for different 85 Environmental Components 3.3 Air Environment 86 3.3.1 Wind rose diagram 88 3.3.2 Ambient Air Quality at the Project Site and Other Locations 89 3.3.3 Air Quality Inference 9 6 3.4 Noise Environment 96 3.4.1 Noise Observations 98 3.5 Traffic Study 98 3.5.1 Transportation Due to the Proposed Expansion Project 98 3.6 Water Environment 99 3.6.1 Reconnaissance Survey 99 3.6.2 Surface water 99 3.6.2.1 Observation of surface water quality 101 3.6.3 Ground water 102 3.6.3.1 Observation of ground water quality 105 3.7 Land Environment 105 3.7.1 Soil Environment 113 3.7.2 Soil characteristics observations 115 3.8 Hydrology and Hydrogeology 116 3.8.1 Topography and Drainage 116 3.8.2 Geology and Hydrogeology 117 3.8.3 Occurrence and Movement of ground water 117 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED 3.8.4 Surface Water /Ground Water Quality 118 3.8.5 Remedial Measures to be taken up by the industry 118 3.9 Ecology and Biodiversity 118 3.9.1 Assessment of flora 119 3.9.2 Assessment of fauna 123 3.10 Socio Economic Environment 125 3.11 Social Infrastructure 125 3.11.1 Demographic Structure 127 3.11.2 Literacy Levels 128 CHAPTER 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 129 - 171 Details of investigated environmental impacts due to project 130 location, possible accidents, project design, project 4.0 construction, regular operations, final decommissioning or rehabilitation of completed project 4.1 Environmental impacts due to project location, possible 130 accidents, project design 4.1.1 Introduction 130 4.1.2 Identification & Characterization of Impacts 130 4.1.3 Criteria for determining significance of impact 131 4.1.4 Impact due to Project Location 133 4.2 Characteristics of Environmental Impacts during the 133 construction Phase and operation Phase 4.2.1 Construction Phase 133 4.2.1.1 Environmental attributes, impact and mitigation measures 133 during Construction stage 4.2.1.1.1 Land Environment – Impacts and Mitigation measures 133 4.2.1.1.2 Water Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 134 4.2.1.1.3 Air Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 135 4.2.1.1.4 Noise environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 136 4.2.1.1.5 Biological Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 136 4.2.1.1.6 Socio Economic Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 136 4.2.2 Operation Phase 140 4.2.2.1 Environmental attributes, impact and mitigation measures 140 during Operation Phase 4.2.2.1.1 Land Environment – Impacts and Mitigation measures 140 4.2.2.1.2 Water Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 141 4.2.2.1.3 Air Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 143 4.2.2.1.3.1 Air pollution dispersion modeling studies 144 4.2.2.1.4 Noise environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 150 4.2.2.1.5 Biological Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 150 4.2.2.1.6 Socio Economic Environment– Impacts and Mitigation measures 150 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED 4.2.3 Employment Generation (Direct and Indirect) 165 CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE) 172 - 174 5.0 Technology – Alternatives 172 5.1 Site – Alternatives 174 CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 175 - 187 6.0 Technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation 176 measures (including measurement methodologies, frequency, location, data analysis, reporting schedules, emergency procedures, detailed budget & procurement schedules) 6.1 Purpose of Environmental Monitoring 176 6.2 Applicable Environmental Regulatory Framework 177 6.3 Measurement Methodology 177 6.3.1 Air Environment 178 6.3.1.1 Measurement methodology and frequency 178 6.3.2 Noise Environment 178 6.3.3 Water Environment 178 6.3.3.1 Measurement methodology and frequency 178 6.3.4 Measurement Location and Frequency 178 6.3.4.1 Other Environment related Monitoring 180 6.3.5 Monitoring and Management of Hazardous Wastes 182 6.3.6 On-line Monitoring 182 6.4 Reporting & Documentation 183 6.5 Environmental Management Cell (EMC) 183 6.5.1 Activities and Responsibilities of EMC 184 6.6 Budget for monitoring and procurement schedule 184 6.7 Emergency Preparedness and response structure 186 6.7.1 Structure of Onsite Emergency Preparedness and Response 186 6.7.2 Emergency organization structure 186 6.7.3 Emergency coordinates 187 CHAPTER 7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 188 - 212 7.0 Public consultation 189 7.1 Risk assessment 189 7.1.1 Introduction 189 7.1.2 Methodology 189 7.2 Scenarios considered for hazard identification 191 7.3 Risk Rating Matrix 191 7.3.1 Classification of risks 192 7.4 Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) analysis 193 7.5 Severity Mapping 194 JAMKHANDI SUGARS LIMITED 7.5.1 Existing & Proposed storage tanks 195 7.5.1.1 Existing