The Minority Report 2018
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theMINORITYREPORT The annual news of the AEA’s Committee on the Status of Minority Groups in the Economics Profession, the National Economic Association, and the American Society of Hispanic Economists Issue 10 | Winter 2018 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES AND HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTIONS ARE A RICH SOURCE FOR THE ECONOMICS PIPELINE By Rhonda V. Sharpe, Women’s Institute for Science, Equity and Race, and Omari H. Swinton, Howard University The US Census Bureau projects that by 2060, 57 percent of the US population will identify as racially nonwhite or as ethnically Hispanic.1 As the United States becomes more racially and ethnically diverse, a diverse population of economists will be crucial to ensuring that economic analysis and policy recommendations are inclusive of the needs of all Americans. As we show below, historically black colleges and universities and Hispanic-serving institutions can be a rich pipeline for building a more inclusive economics field. WHAT DEFINES HISTORICALLY BLACK The “prior to 1964” requirement is significant because COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES AND Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 made it illegal HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTIONS? to discriminate because of color, race, or national origin. Therefore, all institutions of higher education The Higher Education Act of 1965 (as amended) defines established after 1964 would have been open to blacks. a historically black college or university as: Unlike historically black colleges and universities or tribal Any historically black college or university that was colleges and universities, classification as an HSI is not established prior to 1964, whose principal mission based on an institution’s mission at its point of origin was, and is, the education of black Americans, but on whom it serves, which in turn is influenced by the and that is accredited by a nationally recognized demographics of its location. States with large Hispanic accrediting agency or association determined by the populations are likely to have colleges and universities Secretary [of Education] to be a reliable authority as that meet the criteria for Hispanic-serving institutions. to the quality of training offered or is, according to Therefore, classification as an HSI is dynamic, and such an agency or association, making reasonable institutions may have long or short histories qualifying progress toward accreditation. as an HSI. continued on page 3 } THE MINORITY REPORT CSMGEP MEMBERS Advancing Minority Representation Cecilia Rouse (chair) Princeton University CONTENTS in the Economics Field James Alm The Minority Report is a joint publication Tulane University FEATURES of the American Economic Association’s Francisca Antman Historically Black Colleges Committee on the Status of Minority University of Colorado, Boulder Groups in the Economics Profession and Universities and Amanda Bayer Hispanic-Serving Institutions (CSMGEP), the American Society of Swarthmore College Are a Rich Source for the Hispanic Economists (ASHE), and the National Economic Association (NEA). Vicki Bogan Economics Pipeline Cornell University by Rhonda V. Sharpe and Published annually, The Minority Report Omari H. Swinton .........1, 3-5 showcases the people, programs, Lisa Cook research, and activities of the three (ex-officio) Michigan State University Mobile Technology as a Tool for groups, which together help to increase Economic Inclusion Kalena Cortes the representation of minorities in the Texas A&M by Luisa Blanco Raynal and economics profession. Salvador Contreras .........8-9 Jose Fernandez University of Louisville Voices from the Field: Diversity Committee on the Status of Minority in Academic Administration Groups in the Economics Profession Thomas Jeitschko by Marie T. Mora .........12-14 (CSMGEP) was established by the (ex-officio) Michigan State University American Economic Association (AEA) The Economics Profession’s Trevon Logan in 1968 to increase the representation of Unique Problem with Diversity Ohio State University by Amanda Bayer .........17-19 minorities in the economics profession, primarily by broadening opportunities Marie Mora for the training of underrepresented (ex-officio) University of Texas PIPELINE minorities. CSMGEP, which is composed Rio Grande Valley PROGRAMS of economists from all areas of the Dan Newlon profession, also works to ensure that (ex-officio) Summer Fellows Program Summer Training issues related to the representation of Program.................. 22 James Peoples minorities are considered in the work of University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Summer Economics Fellows the AEA, and engages in other efforts to Gustavo Suarez Program.................. 22 promote the advancement of minorities in the economics profession. Federal Reserve Board The Mentoring Program..... 22 www.aeaweb.org/about-aea/committees/ csmgep ASHE OFFICERS ECONOMISTS Luisa Blanco Raynal TO WATCH American Society of Hispanic (president) Pepperdine University established in 2002, Art Goldsmith Economists (ASHE), Susan Pozo An Economist Who Has Learned is a professional association of economists (president-elect) Western Michigan to Challenge Convention .....6-7 who are concerned with the under- University representation of Hispanic Americans in Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes the economics profession at a time when Joseph Guzman (past president) Michigan State University A Huge Asset: A Labor Economist Hispanics represent more than 16 percent on the Contributions of of the US population. Sue Stockly Immigrants ..............10-11 (secretary-treasurer) Eastern New Mexico www.asheweb.net University Gary “Hoov” Hoover It Takes More Than Hard Work National Economic Association Alone ..................15-16 (NEA) was founded in 1969 as the NEA OFFICERS Caucus of Black Economists to promote Lisa Cook ECONOMIC the professional lives of minorities within (president) Michigan State University the profession. In addition to continuing Darrick Hamilton JOBS BEYOND its founding mission, the organization (president-elect) New School ACADEMIA . 20-21 is particularly interested in producing and distributing knowledge of economic Trevon Logan issues that are of exceptional interest to (past president) Ohio State University ANNOUNCEMENTS promoting economic growth among native Romie Tribble, Jr. & ACTIVITIES . 23-31 and immigrant African Americans, Latinos, (secretary) Spelman College and other people of color. Hazel Robinson www.neaecon.org (treasurer) US Department of Agriculture 2 theMINORITYREPORT } continued from page 1 HISPANIC-SERVING INSTITUTIONS ARE GROWING The number of HSIs that awarded bachelor’s degrees increased from 201 in 2006 to 412 in 2015 (Table 1).2 While HBCUs remained 3 percent of institutions that conferred a bachelor’s degree, HSIs increased from 7 percent in 2006 to 13 percent in 2015.3 Of black undergraduate students, the share enrolled at HBCUs decreased from 12 percent in 2006 to 9 percent in 2015 (Table 2). However, the share of blacks enrolled at HSIs increased to 13 percent in 2015 from 10 percent in 2006. The share of Hispanics TABLE 1. Distribution of Bachelor’s Degrees in enrolled as undergraduates at HSIs was 45 percent 2006 and 2015 in 2015, down from 47 percent in 2006. The share of Hispanics enrolled at an HBCU was less than 0.5% in 2006 2015 2006 and 2015. Institution Type Number Percent Number Percent HBCUs and HSIs enroll a disproportionate share of Predominantly White blacks and Hispanics. HBCUs were 3 percent of the Institutions 2,763 90 2,707 84 institutions that awarded bachelor’s degrees in 2006 Historically Black Colleges and 2015, but they enrolled 12 percent of black & Universities 99 3 99 3 undergraduates in 2006 and 9 percent in 2015. HSIs Hispanic-Serving enrolled nearly half of all Hispanic undergraduates Institutions 201 7 412 13 in 2006 and 2015, but they were 7 percent of the Total 3,063 100 3,218 100 institutions that awarded bachelor’s degrees in 2006 and 13 percent in 2015. Source: Authors’ calculations using IPEDS Enrollment Survey . https://ncsesdata .nsf .gov/webcaspar/ HSIs AND HBCUs FEED THE PIPELINE TO ECONOMICS DEGREES TABLE 2. Enrollment by Institution Type, 2006 and HSIs and HBCUs are important contributors to 2015 the economics doctorate pipeline. Students completing the doctorate in economics come Black Hispanic primarily from three undergraduate disciplines. 2006 (%) (%) The top fields feeding the economics doctorate Predominantly White Institutions 79 53 pipeline are economics, math, and business. HBCUs Historically Black Colleges & Universities 12 0.2 conferred 13 percent of the economics bachelor’s Hispanic-Serving Institutions 10 47 degrees earned by blacks in 2006 and 15 percent in 2015 (Table 3). They conferred approximately 30 percent of the math/statistics degrees earned by Black Hispanic blacks in both 2006 and 2015. HSIs conferred nearly 2015 (%) (%) half of the business degrees earned by Hispanics Predominantly White Institutions 78 54 in 2015, up from 12 percent in 2006. In 2015, HSIs Historically Black Colleges & Universities 9 0.4 conferred nearly 10 percent of the math/statistics degrees earned by blacks and nearly 40 percent Hispanic-Serving Institutions 13 45 earned by Hispanics. Source: Authors’ calculations using IPEDS Enrollment Survey . continued on next page } https://ncsesdata .nsf .gov/webcaspar/ Issue 10 | Winter 2018 3 } continued from page 3 TABLE 3. Business, Economics, and Math/Statistics Degrees Conferred in 2006 and 2015 Business Economics Math/Statistics Black Hispanic Total Black Hispanic Total Black