Clemson Experimental Forest Cultural Summary Map and Historic Resources See Legend on Reverse Side

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d l K. Cox i 1 0.5 0 1 W Clemson Experimental Forest Miles± October 2011

Clemson Experimental Forest Cultural and Historic Resources Map and Legend

1. The 1. Seneca Town – A major Lower Town of the Nation

2. The Cherokee War and early American Revolution 2A. Location of Colonel Andrew Williamson’s American militia camp sites the night prior Page | 2 to August 1, 1776 attack on Seneca Town. 2B. Route of Colonel Williamson’s militia enroute to attack Seneca Town. 2C. Site of August 1, 1776 combat between American militia and the Cherokees with their Tory allies, and Site where Francis Salvador, fighting with the militia, was killed. He was the first Jewish person to die fighting for the US. 2D. Site of the Fort Rutledge monument. The Fort was constructed in this area by American forces to help keep the peace following defeat of the Cherokees in 1776. 2E. Hopewell Treaty site – First treaty between the and Cherokee Nation signed here by Cherokee leaders, Andrew Pickens, and other US representatives.

3. Early Botanical Explorers 3A. The May 15, 16, 1775 route of William Bartram across the CEF during his travels to explore the Southern Appalachians. 3B. Campsite of William Bartram, among the Cherokees of Seneca Town, on night of May 15, 1776. 3C. The June 8 – 11, 1787 route of French explorer Andre Michaux across the CEF during his travels to explore the botanical features of the Southern Appalachians. 3D. Campsite of Andre Michaux, at the former site of Seneca Town, on nights of June 8, 9, and 10, 1787. (Seneca Town was destroyed in 1776 in early American Revolution actions).

4. Plantation Era Features 4A. Site of Altamont, plantation home of Col. Thomas Pinckney. Constructed in the very early 1800s. Some ruins exist today. 4B. Site of Woodburn, the restored home of Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. Built approximately 1830. Originally on CEF land, Woodburn now belongs to the Pendleton Historic Foundation. 4C. Site of Hopewell, 1785 – 1802 plantation home of General Andrew Pickens. A restored structure exists there today. 4D. Site of Keowee-Hopewell Church, predecessor of today’s Old Stone Church. 4E. Site of Fort Hill, the plantation home of John C. and Floride Calhoun, beginning in 1825. It was inherited by Thomas Green Clemson, Calhoun’s son-in-law, in 1875. 4F. Site of Keowee Heights, home of US Senator John E. Colhoun. Constructed in the 1790’s. Ruins exist today. 4G. Site of spring house for Keowee Heights. Ruins remain today. 4H. Site of the Colhoun family cemetery. Senator Colhoun died in 1802. 4I. Location of an old house site example.

5. The American Civil War Era 5A. Site of Fort Hill, home of: John C. Calhoun, considered the moral, spiritual, and political voice for state’s rights and separatism. And of Thomas Green Clemson, who served in the Confederate Army of the Trans- Mississippi. He used his mining and engineering skills in Arkansas and Texas to develop nitrate mines for sources of southern gunpowder and other explosives. 5B. Site of today’s Calhoun Field Laboratory, the only part of the Calhoun Plantation that remains in agriculture.

6. The Cotton Era No Map items (see Text of the Summary report on the CEF website www.clemson.edu/cef )

7. The New Deal’s Conservation Era (The following features were constructed on the CEF by the Works Progress Administration and the Civilian Conservation Corps during the mid 1930’s) 7A. Lake Issaqueena, a 100 acre recreational impoundment, and dam. 7B. Indian Springs picnic shelter and recreation facilities. 7C. Willow Springs picnic shelter 7D. Wildcat Creek picnic shelter 7E. Bridges over Wildcat and Six Mile creeks. 7F. Holly Springs picnic shelter and recreation facilities 7G. Lake Issaqueena overlook and recreation facilities (much of the latter are ruins) 7H. Lake Issaqueena dam and shelter. 7I. Todd’s Creek pond and dam 7J. Clemson CCC Camp

8. World War II Era 8A. Practice bombing range for WWII B-25 bombers. 8B. Practice bombing range for WWII B-25 bombers. 8C. Ramsey House site. House served as army headquarters when bombing ranges were being used on the CEF.

9. Era of Large Construction in the US 9A. The Clemson dikes constructed to prevent waters of Lake Hartwell from flooding notable portions of the Clemson campus. 9B. Same as above. 9C. Same as above.

10. Era of Natural Resource Restoration 10A. Restoration of whitetail deer herds in the north and south forest sections of the CEF. 10B. Restoration of wild turkey flocks in the north and south forest sections of the CEF. 10C. Restoration of the beaver in wetland areas of the north and south forest sections of the CEF. 10D. Restoration of river otters in beaver pond habitats in the north and south sections of the CEF. 10E. Enhancement of habitat for overwintering waterfowl. 10F. Restoration of the Turquoise Darter (a native fish of the perch family) in Six Mile Creek. 10G. Natural establishment of coastal plain treefrog species in CEF wetland habitats. 10H. Restoration and enhancement of fire dependent plant species. 10I. Examples of restored forest stands. 10J. Yellow poplar seed orchard. 10K. Loblolly pine seed orchard.