Phylogenetic Analysis of Selected Representatives of the Genus Erica Based on the Genes Encoding the DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase I
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Phylogenetics, Flow-Cytometry and Pollen Storage in Erica L
Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaft und Res sourcenschutz Professur für Pflanzenzüchtung Prof. Dr. J. Léon Phylogenetics, flow-cytometry and pollen storage in Erica L. (Ericaceae). Implications for plant breeding and interspecific crosses. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften (Dr. agr.) der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn von Ana Laura Mugrabi de Kuppler aus Buenos Aires Institut für Nutzpflanzenwissenschaft und Res sourcenschutz Professur für Pflanzenzüchtung Prof. Dr. J. Léon Referent: Prof. Dr. Jens Léon Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Jaime Fagúndez Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Dietmar Quandt Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 15.11.2013 Erscheinungsjahr: 2013 A mis flores Rolf y Florian Abstract Abstract With over 840 species Erica L. is one of the largest genera of the Ericaceae, comprising woody perennial plants that occur from Scandinavia to South Africa. According to previous studies, the northern species, present in Europe and the Mediterranean, form a paraphyletic, basal clade, and the southern species, present in South Africa, form a robust monophyletic group. In this work a molecular phylogenetic analysis from European and from Central and South African Erica species was performed using the chloroplast regions: trnL-trnL-trnF and 5´trnK-matK , as well as the nuclear DNA marker ITS, in order i) to state the monophyly of the northern and southern species, ii) to determine the phylogenetic relationships between the species and contrasting them with previous systematic research studies and iii) to compare the results provided from nuclear data and explore possible evolutionary patterns. All species were monophyletic except for the widely spread E. arborea , and E. manipuliflora . The paraphyly of the northern species was also confirmed, but three taxa from Central East Africa were polyphyletic, suggesting different episodes of colonization of this area. -
A Taxonomic Revision of Rhododendron L. Section Pentanthera G
A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF RHODODENDRON L. SECTION PENTANTHERA G. DON (ERICACEAE) BY KATHLEEN ANNE KRON A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1987 , ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I gratefully acknowledge the supervision and encouragement given to me by Dr. Walter S. Judd. I thoroughly enjoyed my work under his direction. I would also like to thank the members of my advisory committee, Dr. Bijan Dehgan, Dr. Dana G. Griffin, III, Dr. James W. Kimbrough, Dr. Jonathon Reiskind, Dr. William Louis Stern, and Dr. Norris H. Williams for their critical comments and suggestions. The National Science Foundation generously supported this project in the form of a Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant;* field work in 1985 was supported by a grant from the Highlands Biological Station, Highlands, North Carolina. I thank the curators of the following herbaria for the loan of their material: A, AUA, BHA, DUKE, E, FSU, GA, GH, ISTE, JEPS , KW, KY, LAF, LE NCSC, NCU, NLU NO, OSC, PE, PH, LSU , M, MAK, MOAR, NA, , RSA/POM, SMU, SZ, TENN, TEX, TI, UARK, UC, UNA, USF, VDB, VPI, W, WA, WVA. My appreciation also is offered to the illustrators, Gerald Masters, Elizabeth Hall, Rosa Lee, Lisa Modola, and Virginia Tomat. I thank Dr. R. Howard * BSR-8601236 ii Berg for the scanning electron micrographs. Mr. Bart Schutzman graciously made available his computer program to plot the results of the principal components analyses. The herbarium staff, especially Mr. Kent D. Perkins, was always helpful and their service is greatly appreciated. -
Coetzee Et Al. 2020 J. Plant Research.Pdf
Journal of Plant Research https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-020-01226-8 REGULAR PAPER – ECOLOGY/ECOPHYSIOLOGY/ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY Post‑pollination barriers enable coexistence of pollinator‑sharing ornithophilous Erica species Anina Coetzee1 · Claire N. Spottiswoode1,2 · Colleen L. Seymour1,3 Received: 6 June 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 © The Botanical Society of Japan 2020 Abstract Some evolutionary radiations produce a number of closely-related species that continue to coexist. In such plant systems, when pre-pollination barriers are weak, relatively strong post-pollination reproductive barriers are required to maintain spe- cies boundaries. Even when post-pollination barriers are in place, however, reproductive interference and pollinator depend- ence may strengthen selection for pre-pollination barriers. We assessed whether coexistence of species from the unusually speciose Erica genus in the fynbos biome, South Africa, is enabled through pre-pollination or post-pollination barriers. We also tested for reproductive interference and pollinator dependence. We investigated this in natural populations of three bird-pollinated Erica species (Erica plukenetii, E. curvifora and E. coccinea), which form part of a large guild of congeneric species that co-fower and share a single pollinator species (Orange-breasted Sunbird Anthobaphes violacea). At least two of the three pre-pollination barriers assessed (distribution ranges, fowering phenology and fower morphology) were weak in each species pair. Hand-pollination experiments revealed that seed set from heterospecifc pollination (average 8%) was signifcantly lower than seed set from outcross pollination (average 50%), supporting the hypothesis that species boundaries are maintained through post-pollination barriers. Reproductive interference, assessed in one population by applying outcross pollen three hours after applying heterospecifc pollen, signifcantly reduced seed set compared to outcross pollen alone. -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Changes at a Critical Branchpoint in the Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway Underlie the Blue to Orange Flower Color Transition in Lysimachia Arvensis
fpls-12-633979 February 16, 2021 Time: 19:16 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 22 February 2021 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.633979 Changes at a Critical Branchpoint in the Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway Underlie the Blue to Orange Flower Color Transition in Lysimachia arvensis Edited by: Mercedes Sánchez-Cabrera1*†‡, Francisco Javier Jiménez-López1‡, Eduardo Narbona2, Verónica S. Di Stilio, Montserrat Arista1, Pedro L. Ortiz1, Francisco J. Romero-Campero3,4, University of Washington, Karolis Ramanauskas5, Boris Igic´ 5, Amelia A. Fuller6 and Justen B. Whittall7 United States 1 2 Reviewed by: Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain, Department of Molecular 3 Stacey Smith, Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain, Institute for Plant Biochemistry 4 University of Colorado Boulder, and Photosynthesis, University of Seville – Centro Superior de Investigación Científica, Seville, Spain, Department 5 United States of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Seville, Seville, Spain, Department of Biological Science, 6 Carolyn Wessinger, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara 7 University of South Carolina, University, Santa Clara, CA, United States, Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Santa Clara University, United States Santa Clara, CA, United States *Correspondence: Mercedes Sánchez-Cabrera Anthocyanins are the primary pigments contributing to the variety of flower colors among [email protected] angiosperms and are considered essential for survival and reproduction. Anthocyanins † ORCID: Mercedes Sánchez-Cabrera are members of the flavonoids, a broader class of secondary metabolites, of which orcid.org/0000-0002-3786-0392 there are numerous structural genes and regulators thereof. -
Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- ERICACEAE
Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- ERICACEAE ERICACEAE (Heath Family) A family of about 107 genera and 3400 species, primarily shrubs, small trees, and subshrubs, nearly cosmopolitan. The Ericaceae is very important in our area, with a great diversity of genera and species, many of them rather narrowly endemic. Our area is one of the north temperate centers of diversity for the Ericaceae. Along with Quercus and Pinus, various members of this family are dominant in much of our landscape. References: Kron et al. (2002); Wood (1961); Judd & Kron (1993); Kron & Chase (1993); Luteyn et al. (1996)=L; Dorr & Barrie (1993); Cullings & Hileman (1997). Main Key, for use with flowering or fruiting material 1 Plant an herb, subshrub, or sprawling shrub, not clonal by underground rhizomes (except Gaultheria procumbens and Epigaea repens), rarely more than 3 dm tall; plants mycotrophic or hemi-mycotrophic (except Epigaea, Gaultheria, and Arctostaphylos). 2 Plants without chlorophyll (fully mycotrophic); stems fleshy; leaves represented by bract-like scales, white or variously colored, but not green; pollen grains single; [subfamily Monotropoideae; section Monotropeae]. 3 Petals united; fruit nodding, a berry; flower and fruit several per stem . Monotropsis 3 Petals separate; fruit erect, a capsule; flower and fruit 1-several per stem. 4 Flowers few to many, racemose; stem pubescent, at least in the inflorescence; plant yellow, orange, or red when fresh, aging or drying dark brown ...............................................Hypopitys 4 Flower solitary; stem glabrous; plant white (rarely pink) when fresh, aging or drying black . Monotropa 2 Plants with chlorophyll (hemi-mycotrophic or autotrophic); stems woody; leaves present and well-developed, green; pollen grains in tetrads (single in Orthilia). -
Avian Pollinators and the Pollination Syndromes of Selected Mountain Fynbos Plants
Avian pollinators and the pollination syndromes of selected Mountain Fynbos plants A.G. Rebelo, W.R. Siegfried and A.A. Crowe FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch The flowering phenology of Erica and proteaceous plants and Introduction the abundance of nectarivorous birds were monitored in Mountain fynbos is a major vegetation type in the fynbos Mountain Fynbos in the Jonkershoek State Forest, South Africa. Species tended to flower for short periods in summer biome (Kruger 1979) which corresponds geographically at high altitudes, or for longer periods in autumn and winter with the 'Capensis' region, delineated by Werger (1978) as at low altitudes. Three avian species apparently tracked the one of the plant biogeographical regions of southern Africa. flowers occurring at low altitudes during winter and, when The structural character of fynbos vegetation is largely present. at high altitudes during summer. Statistical analyses determined by three families, Restionaceae, Proteaceae and confirmed that the distribution of Promerops cafer is primarily Ericaceae, and the flora is notable for its great richness in correlated with the abundance of protea flowers, and that of species (Taylor 1979) . Nectarinia vio/acea with Erica flowers. The evolution of an Nearly all members of the Restionaceae are dioecious, unusually high ratio of putative avian pollinators to wind-pollinated graminoids (Pillans 1928) , whereas the ornithophilous plant species in Mountain Fynbos is discussed. Ericaceae and Proteaceae display more diverse pollination S. Afr. J. Bot. 1984, 3: 285-296 syndromes with a high proportion of putative bird-pollinated Die bloeifenologie van Erica en proteaplante en die talrykheid species (Baker & Oliver 1967; Rourke 1980, pers. -
Root Systems of Selected Plant Species in Mesic Mountain Fynbos in the Jonkershoek Valley, South-Western Cape Province
S. Afr. J. Bot., 1987, 53(3): 249 - 257 249 Root systems of selected plant species in mesic mountain fynbos in the Jonkershoek Valley, south-western Cape Province K.B. Higgins, A.J. Lamb and B.W. van Wilgen* South African Forestry Research Institute, Jonkershoek Forestry Research Centre, Private Bag X5011, Stellenbosch, 7600 Republic of South Africa Accepted 20 February 1987 Twenty-five individuals of 10 species of fynbos plants were harvested 26 years after fire at a mountain fynbos site. The species included shrubs up to 4 m tall, geophytes and other herbaceous plants. The total mass, canopy area and height were determined for shoots. Root systems were excavated by washing away soil around the roots, with water. The mean root:shoot phytomass ratios were lower (0,2) for dominant re-seeding shrubs than for resprouting shrubs (2,3). Herbaceous species (all resprouters) had a mean root:shoot phytomass ratio of 1,5. Roots were concentrated in the upper soil. Sixty-seven percent of the root phytomass was found in the top 0,1 m of soil. The maximum rooting depth ranged from 0,1 m for some herbaceous species to> 3,5 m for deep-rooted shrubs. Fine roots « 5 mm) contributed at least 59% of the root length and were also concentrated in the upper soil. The root classification scheme of Cannon (1949) was successfully applied to the study, and three primary and two adventitious root types were identified. The rooting patterns of fynbos plants were compared to data from other fynbos areas and to other mediterranean-type shrublands. -
01 Innerfrontcover40 2.Indd 1 8/27/2010 2:27:58 PM BOTHALIA
ISSN 0006 8241 = Bothalia Bothalia A JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH Vol. 40,2 Oct. 2010 TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY INSTITUTE PRETORIA Obtainable from the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, Republic of South Africa. A catalogue of all available publications will be issued on request. BOTHALIA Bothalia is named in honour of General Louis Botha, first Premier and Minister of Agriculture of the Union of South Africa. This house journal of the South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, is devoted to the furtherance of botanical science. The main fields covered are taxonomy, ecology, anatomy and cytology. Two parts of the journal and an index to contents, authors and subjects are published annually. Three booklets of the contents (a) to Vols 1–20, (b) to Vols 21–25, (c) to Vols 26–30, and (d) to Vols 31–37 (2001– 2007) are available. STRELITZIA A series of occasional publications on southern African flora and vegetation, replacing Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa and Annals of Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens. MEMOIRS OF THE BOTANICAL SURVEY OF SOUTH AFRICA The memoirs are individual treatises usually of an ecological nature, but sometimes dealing with taxonomy or economic botany. Published: Nos 1–63 (many out of print). Discontinued after No. 63. ANNALS OF KIRSTENBOSCH BOTANIC GARDENS A series devoted to the publication of monographs and major works on southern African flora.Published: Vols 14–19 (earlier volumes published as supplementary volumes to the Journal of South African Botany). Discontinued after Vol. 19. FLOWERING PLANTS OF AFRICA (FPA) This serial presents colour plates of African plants with accompanying text. -
Anatomical Adaptations in the Leaves of Selected Fynbos Species
S.Afr.J.Bot., 1994, 60(2): 99 - 107 99 Anatomical adaptations in the leaves of selected fynbos species Al ison M. van der Merwe (nee Summerfield),· J.J.A. van der Walt and Elizabeth M. Marais Department of Botany, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7600 Republic of South Africa Received 23 August 1993; revised 6 December 1993 Fynbos plants experience very harsh conditions during the hot and dry summer months and their leaves are adapt ed to reduce the loss of water due to transpiration. The leaves of 46 selected fynbos species of 24 families were examined to determine which anatomical adaptations contribute to the reduced rate of transpiration and subse quent reduced water loss. Without exception, all species examined show leaf adaptations typical of xerophytic species. Four typical leaf types are recognized and proposed as models of leaf adaptation: 1. Myrsine type - dorsi ventral or isobilateral leaves; more palisade parenchyma present than spongy parenchyma; tissues contain large amounts of phenolic substances. 2. Meta/asia type - small dorsiventral leaves with involute margins and a single groove in the adaxial surface; mesophyll is usually inverted. 3. Retzia type - dorsi ventral or isobilateral leaves with revolute margins and one or two grooves in the abaxial surface; spongy parenchyma is the main component of the mesophyll. 4. Spatalla type - small centric or near-centric leaves; little or no spongy parenchy ma tissue. Fynbos plante ondervind uiterste toestande tydens die warm, droa somermaande, en hulle blare is aangepas om waterverlies tydens transpirasie te beperk. Blare van geselekteerde fynbos-spesies uit 24 families is ondersoek am die bydrae van die verskillende anatomiese aanpassings tot verminderde transpirasietempo en gevolglike water verlies, vas te stel. -
Microsatellite Markers for the Biogeographically Enigmatic Sandmyrtle (Kalmia Buxifolia, Phyllodoceae: Ericaceae)
Butler University Digital Commons @ Butler University Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS College of Liberal Arts & Sciences 2019 Microsatellite markers for the biogeographically enigmatic sandmyrtle (Kalmia buxifolia, Phyllodoceae: Ericaceae) Emily L. Gillespie Tesa Madsen‐McQueen Torsten Eriksson Adam Bailey Zack E. Murrell Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/facsch_papers Part of the Biology Commons PRIMER NOTE Microsatellite markers for the biogeographically enigmatic sandmyrtle (Kalmia buxifolia, Phyllodoceae: Ericaceae) Emily L. Gillespie1,6 , Tesa Madsen‐McQueen2 , Torsten Eriksson3 , Adam Bailey4 , and Zack E. Murrell5 Manuscript received 5 January 2019; revision accepted 31 January PREMISE: Microsatellite markers were developed for sandmyrtle, Kalmia buxifolia (Ericaceae), 2019. to facilitate phylogeographic studies in this taxon and possibly many of its close relatives. 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Butler University, 4600 Sunset Avenue, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, USA METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-eight primer pairs designed from paired-end Illumina MiSeq 2 Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal data were screened for robust amplification. Sixteen pairs were amplified again, but with fluo- Biology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, rescently labeled primers to facilitate genotyping. Resulting chromatograms were evaluated Riverside, California 92521, USA for variability using three populations from Tennessee, North Carolina, and New Jersey, USA. -
Vegetation Map for the Riversdale Domain
VEGETATION MAP FOR THE RIVERSDALE DOMAIN Project Team: Jan Vlok, Regalis Environmental Services, P.O. Box 1512, Oudtshoorn, 6620. Riki de Villiers, CapeNature, Private Bag X5014, Stellenbosch, 7599. Date of report: March 2007 Suggested Reference to maps and report: Vlok, J.H.J. & de Villiers, M.E. 2007. Vegetation map for the Riversdale domain. Unpublished 1:50 000 maps and report supported by CAPE FSP task team and CapeNature. 2 Dedication: For Anne Lise, my dear wife, who motivated so strongly for this study to be done. I sincerely hope that this work will enable her, current and future CapeNature colleagues to contribute more towards the conservation and sustainable use of the biodiversity of the rather remarkable biodiversity of the Riversdale region. 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The vegetation of a circa 800 000 ha area in the Riversdale region of the southern Cape was classified and mapped at a scale of 1:50 000 for the CAPE Fine-Scale Conservation Plan task team. The vegetation was mapped as their occurrence was perceived to be in the 17th century, thus before any transformation due to European impacts. The classification system follows a six-tier hierarchy in order to facilitate analyses at biome, habitat type and vegetation unit level. Aquatic and terrestrial systems are recognized, with two biomes within aquatic ecosystems and five biomes within the terrestrial ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems cover approximately 12 percent of the domain and terrestrial ecosystems 88 percent. At habitat level, 47 habitat types are recognized; six are within the aquatic ecosystems and 41 in the terrestrial ecosystems. Brief descriptions and a photograph are provided for each habitat type.