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Template PDOK Dienstbeschrijving Raamwerk van geo-standaarden datum 8 januari 2014 versie 2.3 - definitief rechtenbeleid Naamsvermelding-GeenAfgeleideWerken 3.0 Nederland (CC BY-ND 3.0) Versiebeheer Het Raamwerk van geo-standaarden is niet statisch. Dit document wordt beheerd om wijzigingen naar behoefte en op basis van voorstellen gestructureerd door te voeren. Geonovum, als beherende instantie, zal de wijzigingen registreren. Versienummer Jaar Versienummer Versiebeschrijving 2013-07 2.3 Actualisering, en kleine uitbreidingen voor aan te bevelen standaarden zoals GeoJSON, ATOM feeds en linked data. 2012-03 2.2 Vooral een actualiseringslag. Daarnaast kleine updates zoals: implementatie instrumenten, 3D, StUF, e.d. 2010-03 2.1 Versie 2.1 is aangepast aan de actuele ontwikkelingen zoals bijvoorbeeld tiling, INSPIRE, ISO/TC 211 en OGC aanpassingen en bijgewerkt naar de Nederlandse situatie. Deze versie is tevens een verdiepingsdocument waarnaar vanuit NORA 3.0 wordt verwezen. In deze versie zijn de figuren zoveel mogelijk overeenkomstig NORA systematiek opgenomen. 2007-10 2.0 Versie 2.0 is een directe uitwerking geworden op NORA 2.0 voor de Geo- standaarden. In deze uitwerking zijn ook verwijzingen gemaakt naar NORA om dit Raamwerk klein en hanteerbaar te houden. Daarnaast zijn updates en wijzigingen uitgevoerd op basis van gebruikersbehoeften en laatste informatie INSPIRE. 2006-06 1.1 Deze versie is veel meer toegeschreven naar de Nederlandse GII door een bredere groep van auteurs en reviewers. Deze versie is geschikt toepassing binnen deze Nederlandse GII en verzorgt ook de aansluiting op regionale, Europese en internationale standaardisatie ontwikkelingen. 2006-02 1.0 Eerste versie voor discussie gemaakt door Marcel Reuvers en Paul Smits en in kleine kring gereviewd. Deze versie was vooral gebaseerd op de Nederlandse standaarden en het WD CEN/TC 287 Geographic information – Standards, specifications, technical reports and guidelines, required to implement Spatial Data Infrastructures. Raamwerk van geo-standaarden 2.3 3 Lijst van figuren en tabellen Lijst van figuren Figuur 1 - Thema relaties op basis van lokatie 7 Figuur 2 - Gradaties in metadata standaarden 23 Figuur 3 - Metadata standaarden 24 Figuur 4 - Relatie Basismodel Geo-informatie en sectoren 29 Figuur 5 - Geo-informatie relaties in het stelsel 32 Figuur 6 - Positionering informatiemodellen 37 Figuur 7 - Operaties WMS-standaard 40 Figuur 8 - WFS standaard basic operaties 42 Figuur 9 - Voorbeeld filter encoding 42 Figuur 10 - WCS operaties 44 Figuur 11 - Catalogue service 45 figuur 12 - 3D visualisatie 46 Figuur 13 - SLD en SE 47 Figuur 14 - Tiles indexatie 49 Figuur 15 - Tile caching 50 Figuur 16 - Voorbeeld BPEL proces met aanroep van WFS om een zoekopdracht uit te voeren 56 Lijst van tabellen Tabel 1 – Te hanteren geo-standaarden 12 Tabel 2 - hierarchie standaarden 14 Tabel 3 - Standaarden en specificaties met betrekking tot vectordata 15 Tabel 4 - Standaarden en specificaties met betrekking tot rasterdata 16 Tabel 5 - Standaarden en specificaties met betrekking tot sensoren 17 Tabel 6 - EPSG codes coordinaat referentiesystemen voor Nederland 20 Tabel 7 - Veelgebruikte referentievlakken voor diepten / hoogten 21 Tabel 8 - Standaarden en specificaties met betrekking geo-referentie systemen 21 Tabel 9 - Standaarden en specificaties met betrekking tot metadata standaarden 25 Tabel 10 - Standaarden en specificaties met betrekking tot geo-objecten (features) 38 Tabel 11- Standaarden en specificaties voor WMS 41 Tabel 12 - standaarden en specificaties voor WFS 42 Tabel 13 - standaarden en specificaties voor ATOM Feeds 44 Tabel 13 - Standaarden en specificaties voor WCS 45 Tabel 14 - Standaarden en specificaties voor de catalogue service 45 Tabel 15 - Standaarden en specificaties voor visualisatie 47 Tabel 16 - Standaarden en specificaties voor adres services 48 Tabel 17 - Standaarden en specificaties voor coordinaat transformatie 48 Tabel 18 - Vergelijk tiling methoden 51 Raamwerk van geo-standaarden 2.3 4 Inhoudsopgave 1 Hoofdstuk 1 7 1.1 Doelgroep en doel van dit Raamwerk van geo-standaarden 7 1.2 Wat is geo-informatie? 7 1.3 Naar een Geo-Informatie Infrastructuur (GII) 8 1.4 Status van het Raamwerk van geo-standaarden 9 1.4.1 GI-beraad 9 1.4.2 Basislijst open standaarden 9 1.4.3 INSPIRE 9 1.4.4 NORA (Nederlandse Overheid Referentie Architectuur) 10 1.5 Geo-standaarden organisaties 10 1.5.1 ISO TC/211 10 1.5.2 OGC 10 1.5.3 CEN/TC 287 10 1.5.4 INSPIRE 11 2 Hoofdstuk 2 12 2.1 Overzicht 12 2.2 ‘Pas toe of leg uit’ lijst met open standaarden 13 2.3 Hiërarchie standaarden 14 3 Hoofdstuk 3 15 3.1 Uitwisseling 15 3.1.1 Vector 15 3.1.2 Raster 16 3.1.3 Sensoren 17 3.2 Ruimtelijke-referentie systemen 17 3.2.1 Meetkundige referentie 17 3.2.2 Meetkundige referentie: coördinaat referentiesystemen 17 3.2.3 Meetkundige referentie: Lineaire referentie 18 3.2.4 Indirect ruimtelijke referenties 19 3.2.5 Standaarden en specificaties voor geo-referentiesystemen 19 3.2.6 Relatie referentiesysteem – hoogte / dieptemetingen 20 3.2.7 Te gebruiken standaarden voor Nederland 21 3.3 Metadata 22 3.3.1 Wat is metadata? 22 3.3.2 Gebruik van metadata 23 3.3.3 Internationale / Europese context 23 3.3.4 Te gebruiken standaarden voor Nederland 24 3.3.5 Implementatie ondersteuning 26 3.4 Informatiemodellen 26 3.4.1 Waar worden informatiemodellen gebruikt? 26 3.4.2 Wat is een informatiemodel? 27 3.4.3 Wat is semantiek? 27 3.4.4 Behoefte aan semantiek 27 3.4.5 Afstemming van begrippen en kenmerken: harmoniseren 28 3.4.6 Basismodel en sectormodellen 28 3.4.7 Objectgericht 29 3.4.8 Model beschrijving 29 3.4.9 GML in relatie tot NEN3610 30 Raamwerk van geo-standaarden 2.3 5 3.4.10 Internationale / Europese context 31 3.4.11 Nationale context – Basisregistraties en StUF 31 3.4.12 3D 33 3.4.13 GeoJSON 33 3.4.14 Linked Data 34 3.4.15 Te gebruiken standaarden voor Nederland 36 3.4.16 Implementatie ondersteuning 39 4 Hoofdstuk 4 40 4.1 Web Map Service 40 4.2 Web Feature Service 41 4.3 Geografische gegevens downloaden via ATOM feeds 43 4.4 Web Coverage Service 44 4.5 Catalogue service 45 4.6 Visualisatie 46 4.7 Adres services 48 4.8 Web Coordinate Transformatie service 48 4.9 Sensor services 49 4.10 Tiling services 49 4.11 Registry services 53 4.12 Geo-services en Digikoppeling 54 4.13 Toegang (access) tot geo-services 55 4.14 Service orchestratie 55 4.15 Kwaliteit van services 57 4.16 Implementatie ondersteuning 57 Raamwerk van geo-standaarden 2.3 6 Hoofdstuk 1 Inleiding 1.1 Doelgroep en doel van dit Raamwerk van geo-standaarden Het doel van het Raamwerk van geo-standaarden is om uit de grote verscheidenheid aan standaarden de juiste set te kiezen. Set verwijst daarbij naar een samenhang en integratie van standaarden voor het realiseren van een GII. Bij de keuzes zijn de volgende uitgangspunten gehanteerd: internationale aansluiting, volwassenheid standaarden, openheid van de standaarden en breed gebruik. Met de in het Raamwerk genoemde standaarden is het mogelijk een solide geo-informatie infrastructuur (GII) te bouwen, die compatible is met de internationale ontwikkelingen en aansluit op de nationale e-overheid. Het Raamwerk van geo-standaarden is geschreven voor iedereen die betrokken is bij het toepassen van standaarden voor geo-informatie. Zoals informatiemanagers, stuurgroepleden, beleidsmedewerkers, projectleiders, adviseurs, architecten, IT-leveranciers, en voor personen die standaarden en specificaties implementeren in hun organisatie en willen kunnen integreren met andere organisaties in Nederland en Europa. 1.2 Wat is geo-informatie? Geo-informatie omvat alle plaatsgebonden kenmerken van informatieobjecten. Alle informatie waarin een ruimtelijk component is opgenomen kan worden beschouwd als geo-informatie. Met een ruimtelijke component of kenmerk wordt een verwijzing naar een plek op de aarde bedoeld. Dit kan een fysiek object zijn, zoals een gebouw of kanaal, een administratieve eenheid, zoals een gemeente of postcode gebied of een abstract gegeven als ‘woonomgevingbeleving’. Een locatie kan daarbij statisch of dynamisch zijn. Als er maar op een bepaald moment locatie informatie relevant is. Bewegende objecten, met een momentaan plaatskenmerk, vallen daar ook onder. De laatste jaren heeft het gebruik van geo-informatie in alledaagse webtoepassingen een hoge vlucht genomen door de komst van Bing Maps, Google Earth en Google Maps. Wanneer verschillende typen van informatie van een locatie aan elkaar gerelateerd en vergeleken kunnen worden vergroot dit het inzicht en kunnen veel effectiever beslissingen worden genomen. De locatie integreert daarbij verschillende typen thematische informatie. Figuur 1 - Thema relaties op basis van lokatie Raamwerk van geo-standaarden 2.3 7 Ruimtelijke vragen worden constant gesteld. In de vorm van ‘Waar?’ en door van een plek of locatie informatie op te vragen: . Waar is ruimte om een nieuwe school te plaatsen in een wijk? En staat die niet nabij coffeeshops en cafés? . Wat zijn de openbare voorzieningen in de nabijheid van dit koop- of huurhuis? En is sprake van bodemverontreiniging in de tuin? . Waar kan ik het meest nabij mijn afval wegbrengen? . Welk gebied wordt met overstroming bedreigd? . Waar staan de files? . Waar is de woonomgevingbeleving het laagst? Deze informatie wordt zowel door burgers, bedrijfsleven als door de overheid zelf gebruikt. Sommige van deze ‘Waar?’ en ‘Wat is daar?’ vragen kunnen eenvoudig worden beantwoord, veel anderen zijn complexer te beantwoorden en vragen de combinatie van verschillende geo-informatie bronnen van verschillende organisaties. Bijvoorbeeld de ‘Waar?’ vraag van de school vereist tenminste: . De locaties van de coffeeshops en cafés; . De woonadressen van de huidige leerlingen; . De mogelijkheden binnen het bestemmingsplan; . Reistijd en afstand naar school. Geo-informatie is veel meer dan (digitale) kaarten. Tachtig procent van alle gegevens zijn ruimtelijke gerelateerd, hetzij direct, hetzij indirect. Bovenstaande voorbeelden zijn direct ruimtelijk gerelateerde informatie. Maar heel veel informatie is indirect ‘in kaart te brengen’.
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