INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

This paper was downloaded from the Online Library of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). The library is available here: https://www.issmge.org/publications/online-library

This is an open-access database that archives thousands of papers published under the Auspices of the ISSMGE and maintained by the Innovation and Development Committee of ISSMGE. XIII ICSMFE, 1994. New Delhi, India / XIII CIMSTF, 1994, New Delhi, Inde ^ BUI Pr ef ace

Conferences are great occasions to interact with ones peers, to Society of Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering. An Index participate in stimulating discussions, to explore new ideas, to form encompassing all the six volumes is included herein. friendships and generally to rejuvenate oneself. International conferences are such mega occasions and in addition one gets a During the Conference the technical papers were presented only chance to explore the country in which the conference is held. T here through Poster Sessions. To ensure that the Poster Sessions are more are many intangibles that one gains through a conference. The only meaningful, a Document of Abstracts of all the papers accepted for thing tangible, however, is the Proceedings containing the most up-to- publication was prepared well in advance of the Conference and sent date information and concepts. to registered delegates. The Document also served to acquaint prospective delegates with the specific areas of current research in When the Indian Organising Committee began the work for hosting each theme and thereby made the Discussion Sessions during the the XIII ICSMFE we felt that publishing the Proceedings would be a Conference more lively. relatively simple task. After all, we presumed, the previous 12 Conferences must have tuned geotechnical engineers and National We would like to acknowledge the Oxford & 1BH Publishing Societies to follow the well-established procedures of calling for Company for their excellence in producing the six volum es to abstracts, reviewing, selecting and finally preparing papers as per international standards. The credit of compiling the volumes goes prescribed formats. We were in for a big surprise. In fact, our whole primarily to my overworked colleagues Dr.K.S.Rao and Secretariat and processing procedure had to be revamped to cater to Prof.M.R.Pranesh. the idiosyncrasies of authors and National Societies. Those who followed the prescribed procedures were few. We sincerely hope that these six volumes will serve as a constant reminder, not only of the technical achievements of the XIII The first five volumes of the Proceedings were distributed at the time International Conference on Soil Mechanics & Foundation of the Conference. The first four contained 412 technical papers Engineering, but also of the intangibles that we enjoyed during the accepted for publication by 47 National Societies from 1000 authors. five days of the Conference. The papers were arranged as per the 17 themes identified for the Conference. The fifth volume contained the State-of-the-Art reports, Lead Discussors’ comments as well as the comments from Panelists on very specific topics assigned to them by the Technical Committee. It also contained the four lectures on Momentous Occasions in Geotechnical Engineering. This Sixth Volume includes the Terzaghi S.K. GuI hat i Oration, the Heritage Lecture and the Mercer Lecture. It describes New Delhi Organising Secretary General, XIII ICSMFE the activities at the Conference both in text as well as pictorially. It also contains technical papers received late, discussions, reports ot Technical Committees and official documents of the International XIII ICSMFE, 1994. New Delhi, India / XIII CIMSTF, 1994. New Delhi, Inde

Sponsor s Pr o mot e u r s

SPONSOR Ministry of Water Resources COSPONSORS Associated Instrument Manufacturers (India) Pvt. Ltd. Cemindia Co. Ltd. Unitech Ltd. DONORS Asia Foundations and Constructions Ltd. Continental Foundation Joint Venture Hydraulic & Engineering Instruments Jaiprakash Industries Ltd. Larsen & Toubro Ltd., ECC Construction Group Rail India Technical & Economic Services Ltd. ASSOCI ATES Cengrs Geotechnica Pvt.Ltd. Geotech Consultants Pvt.Ltd. Water and Power Consultancy Services (India) Ltd. XIII ICSMFE, 1994, New Delhi. India / XIII CIMSTF, 1994, New Delhi. Inde

Organi zat i on of t he Conf er ence Organi sat i on du congr es

CONFERENCE ADVI SORY COMMITTEE NR. Morgenstern President, ISSMFE K.Ishihara Vice President (Asia), ISSMFE R.H.G.Parry Secretary General, ISSMFE F.Bogossian Organising Secretary, XII ICSMFE, Brazil A.Sridharan Organising Secretary (Technical Committee), XIII ICSMFE, India S.K.Gulhati Organising Secretary General, XIII ICSMFE, India

NATI ONAL ADVI SORY COMMITTEE Anil Bhandari Managing Director, Indian Tourism Development Corporation S.V.Giri Secretary Education. Ministry of Human Resources Development S.K.Gulhati Organising Secretary General, XIII ICSMFE S.K.Joshi Director General, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Ramesh Kapur Director, Unitech Limited Gen.V.N.Kapur Engineer-in-Chief, Army Headquarters Ninan Koshi Director General (Road Development), Ministry of Surface Transport Dinesh Mohan Past Vice-President, Asian Region ISSMFE N.C.Nigam Director, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi M.R.Punja Chairman, Cemindia Co.Ltd. T.Ramamurthy Heritage Lecturer C.D.Thatte Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources H.C.Verma President, Indian Geotechnical Society

XV ORGANI ZI NG COMMITTEE

S.K.Gulhati Organising Secretary General Gopal Ranjan Joint Organising Secretary General K.S.Subba Rao Joint Organising Secretary General

K.S.Chawla Organising Secretary (Companions Programme) S.C.Handa Organising Secretary (Geotechnical Highlights) R.Kapur Organising Secretary (Finance) V.S.Raju Organising Secretary (Publication) G.V.Rao Organising Secretary (Delegate Interaction) V.M.Sharma Organising Secretary (Sessions) D.V.Singh Organising Secretary (Exhibition) Jattinder Singh Organising Secretary (Hospitality) N Som Organising Secretary (Tours) A.Sridharan Organising Secretary (Technical)

Manoj Datta Joint Organising Secretary (Industry Interaction) K.K.Gupta Joint Organising Secretary (Finance Coordination) K.S.Rao Joint Organising Secretary (Coordination)

S.K.Babhar Member N.K.Basu Member R.K.Bhandari Member Gita R.Choksi Member M.D.Desai Member N.S.Gnvinda Rao Member A.B.Joshi Member R.K.Katti Member R.Kuheran Member Dincsh Mohan Member Jagdish Narain Member Shamsher Prakash Member T.Ramamurthy Member B.G.Rao Member R.Rama Rao Member V.B.Sarma Member K.R.Saxena Member M.D.Tambekar Member A.Varadarajan Member H.C.Verma Member

CONFERENCE ORGANI ZI NG SECRETARI AT S.K.Gulhati Organising Secretary General Gopal Ranjan Joint Organising Secretary General K.S.Subba Rao Joint Organising Secretary General Manoj Datta Joint Organising Secretary (Industry Interaction) K.K.Gupta Joint Organising Secretary (Finance Coordination K.S.Rao Joint Organising Secretary (Coordination)

STAFF ( SECRETARIAT) Nachhatar Singh Executive Secretary Sasikala Secretary to Organising Secretary General Navin Mehta Computer Programmer Sanjay Arora Computer Operator Jeewan Naryal Accountant Ramesh Accounts Assistant Vinitha Assistant Bhagirath Office Boy Rajesh Kumar Bisht Office Boy Surender Rawat Office Boy

xvi Hospit ali t y TASK COMMITTEES Jattinder Singh Organising Secretary Compani on Pr ogr amme Ravi Sundaram Joint Organising Secretary K.S.Chawla Organising Secretary Mahavir Arya Member T.P.Singh Joint Organising Secretary B.K.Mandai Member Janet Chawla Member T.Ramamurthy Member Rashmi Gulhati Member Gurminder Singh Member Harsh Vardhan Member J.P.Varshney Member Del egat e I nteracti on Publ i cati on G.V.Rao Organising Secretary V.S.Raju Organising Secretary R.Kuheran Joint Organising Secretary M.R.Pranesh Joint Organising Secretary K.G.Sharma Joint Organising Secretary S.Narasimha Rao Joint Organising Secretary K. Balan Member N.P.Kurian Member J. M. Kate Member S.V.Ramaswamy Member A.V.S.R.Murty Member Sessi ons G.V.S.Raju Member P.C.Rawat Member V.M.Sharma Organising Secretary S.Sachdeva Member A.K.Dhawan Joint Organising Secretary K.M.Soni Member K.K.Moza Joint Organising Secretary B.V.S.Viswanadham Member R.K.M.Bhandari Member Sanjay Gupta Member Exhibit i on R.B.Singh Member D.V.Singh Organising Secretary S B .Suri Member K.B.Uppal Joint Organising Secretary D.V.Thareja Member Jai Bhagwan Member K.Venkatachalam Member Deep Chandra Member Techni cal H. S. Mehta Member A.Sridharan Organising Secretary Fi nance V.S.Chandrasekaran Member R.Kapur Organising Secretary M.R.Madhav Member Arvind Verma Joint Organising Secretary T.S.Nagaraj Member K.K.Gupta Member T.Ramamurthy Member V.H.Joshi Member S.V.Ramaswamy Member P.J.Rao Member N.Som Member H.R.Sreekantiah Member Geot echni cal Highl i ghts A.Varadarajan Member S.C.Handa Organising Secretary Tour s S.P.Gupta Joint Organising Secretary Devendrá Sharma Joint Organising Secretary N.Som Organising Secretary G.Ramasamy Member P.Bhattacharya Member A.S.R.Rao Member S.C.Das Member N.K.Samadia Member S.K.Mitra Member A.K.Sharma Member R.D.Purkayastha Member BOARD OF I SSMFE N.R.Morgenstern President, ISSMFE G.W.Donaldson Vice-President, ISSMFE Africa K.Ishihara Vice-President, ISSMFE Asia H.Poulos Vice-President, ISSMFE Australia U.Smoltc?yk Vice-President, ISSMFE Europe J.K.Mitchell Vice-President, ISSMFE North America L.De’court Vice-President. ISSMFE South America B.B.Broms Member V.A.Ilyichev Member M.Jamiolkowski Member Za-Chieh Moh Member R.H.G.Parry Secretary General ISSMFE

EXECUTI VE COMMI TTEE OF I GS H.C.Verma President R.Kuheran Honorary Secretary V. V.Badreenarayana Member S .P.Bagli Member P.K.De Member M.D.Desai Member A.K.Dhawan Member J.L.Jethwa Member T.S.Nagaraj Member Gopal Ranjan Member B.V.Ranganatham Member P.Jagannatha Rao Member K.S.Rao Member Swami Saran Member K.R.Saxena Member A.V.Shroff Member Jattinder Singh Member S.Vaenkatesan Member A.Varadarajan Member XIII ICSMPc, 1394, New Delhi, India / XIII CIMSTF, 1994, New Delhi. Inde

Conf er ence Pr ogr am Pr ogr amme du congr es

Tuesday, January 4 0847-0855 Introduction: H.E.Wahls (USA), 0800-1230 ISSMFE Council Meeting Chairperson 1200-2000 Registration 0855-0925 State-of-the-Art Report: Role of advanced Lobby, Samrat Hotel constitutive formulations in solving 1300-1400 Lunch for Council Members practical problems: J.M.Duncan (USA) 1430-1800 ISSMFE Council Meeting 0925-1005 Panel Discussion: 2000-2100 Dinner for Council Members and Sampling and disturbance related to Companions hosted by Indian forecast and behaviour: A.Gens (SPAIN) Geotechnical Society Validity of insitu tests related to real behaviour: M.Jamiolowski (ITALY) Wednesday, January 5 Fundamental and practical issues 0830-1500 Registration concerning stress-strain-strength 1100-1500 Mela: This village style fair provided an anisotropy : C.C.Ladd (USA) Front Lawns, Ashok Hotel opportunity to renew old acquaintances Ageing effcts on consolidation and and make new onces and at the same strength characteristics of clays : N.Som time, get a glimpse of India’s rich folk (INDIA) culture. The delegates were also able to 1005-1013 Concluding Remarks: M.Iacint sample a few Indian delicacies being (ROMANIA), Co-Chairperson cooked before their eyes. 1013-1045 Closure: T.S.Nagaraj, Technical 1600-1730 Opening Ceremonies Coordinator Convention Hall, Ashok Hotel 1015-1045 Tea/Coffee 1600-1605 Invocation 1015-1045 Geotech Expo’94 - Inauguration 1605-1610 Welcome: H.C.Verma, President, Indian 1045-1130 Visit to Geotech Expo’94 Geotechnical Society 1130-1730 Geotech Expo’94 1610-1615 ISSMFE Activities R.H.G.Parry, 1130-1300 Plenary Session B Secretary General, ISSMFE Theme: Foundations 1615-1645 Presidential Address: N.R.Morgenstern, 1130-1132 Welcome: V.S.Chandrasekaran, President, ISSMFE Technical Coordinator 1645-1650 Chairperson’s Remarks 1132-1140 Introduction: P.Anagnosti 1650-1705 A Tribute to History (YUGOSLAVIA), Chairperson 1705-1715 Inaugural Address 1140-1210 State-of-the-Art Report: Analysis of pile 1715-1720 Concluding Remarks: S.K.Gulhati, groups and pile rafts : M.F.Randolph Organising Secretary General, XIII (AUSTRALIA) ICSMFE 1210-1250 Panel Discussion: 1720-1730 National Anthem Performance of soft soil foundations : 1730-1800 Briefing Meeting for Conference Office S.Leroueil (CANADA) Bearers of Sessions A,B and C Characterisation of soil properties for 1730-1815 High Tea machine foundation design: Gopal Ranjan 1815-1930 Terzaghi Oration (INDIA) Convention Hall, Ashok Hotel Design based on model studies lg and 1815-1820 Introduction: N.R.Morgenstern, centrifuge : F.Tatsuoka (JAPAN) President, ISSMFE Soil struacture interaction - shallow 1820-1920 Oration : Victor F.B. de Mello foundations under static loading 1920-1925 Concluding Remarks: R.H.G.Parry, R.A.Frank (FRANCE) Secretary General, ISSMFE 1250-1258 Summary: F.Bogossian (BRAZIL), 1930-2000 Audio-visual Presentation: A Story of Co-Chairperson Geotechnical Engineering in India, 1258-1300 Closure: V.S.Chandrasekaran, Technical Produced for Indian Geotechnical Society Coordinator by S.C. Handa 1300-1415 Lunch Companions Programme Identical to Delegates Programme 1415-1530 Poster Session I 1530-1600 Tea/Coffee Thursday, January 6 1530-1600 Briefing Meeting for Conference Office 0830-1730 Registration Bearers of Sessions 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 0845-1015 Plenary Session A 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4 Theme: Soil Properties 0845-0847 Welcome: T.S.Nagaraj, Technical Coordinator

xix 1600-1730 Plenary Session C 0855-0915 Lead Discussor’s Report: Liquefaction potential and assessment : K.ISHIHARA Theme: Design and Peformance of Retaining and Buried Structures (JAPAN) Panel Discussion: 1600-1602 Welcome: N.V.Nayak. Technical 0915-0947 Influence of fines in liquefaction potential Coordinator and steady state considerations 1602-1610 Introduction: K.Y.Lo (Canada), Chairperson Jean-Lou Chameau (USA) Design considerations : P.K.Robertson 1610-1640 State-of-the-Art Report: Soft ground tunnelling and buried structures (CANADA) Recent case works J.H.Troncoso K.FUJITA (JAPAN) 1640-1720 Panel Discussion: (CHILE) New developments in insitu tests : S.G. Influence of sequence of construction of retaining structures on adjacent buildings: Zhou (CHINA) P.Day (S.AFRICA) 0947-1015 Open Discussion Deformation of deep excavations in stiff 1015-1045 Tea/Coffee soil and weak rock : D.W.Hight (U.K.) 1045-1135 Open Dicussion Design of buried pipeline in deforming 1135-1143 Concluding Remarks: E.Maranha das Neves (PORTUGAL), Co-Chairperson grounds: M.Porsvig (DENMARK) Ground water control for deep 1143-1145 Closure: R.Kuberan, Technical excavation: A.Saglamer (TURKEY) Coordinator 1720-1728 Summary: U.Smoltczyk (GERMANY), 0845-1145 Discussion Session 1.3 Co-Chairperson Theme: Geophysical Methods Welcome: M.D.Desai, Technical 1728-1730 Closure: N.V.Nayak, Technical 0845-0847 Coordinator Coordinator Introduction: A. F.Richards,(Netherlands/ 1830-2000 Cultural Programme 0847-0855 USA), Chairperson Sirifort Auditorium Lead Discussor’s Report: New concepts 2045-2200 Dinner hosted by Indian Geotechnical 0855-0915 and developments in geophysical Society methods of exploration : K.H.Stokoe (USA) Companions Programme Panel Discussion: 0930-1000 Introductory Session 0915-0939 Methods of interpretation and 1030-1300 Beyond Geotechnics : A sight-seeing tour correlations : S.Superbo (ITALY) of Delhi Innovative applications of surface and 1300-1400 Lunch downhole geophysical methods 1400-1500 Beyond Geotechnics (contd.) R.J.Whitely (AUSTRALIA) 1730-2200 Identical to Delegates Programme Innovative uses of geophysical methods : I.Yoshimori (JAPAN) Friday. January 7 TC 10 Report : R.D.Woods 0830-1700 Registration 0939-0954 Open Discussion 0845-1730 Geotech Expo’94 0954-1015 0845-1145 Discussion Session 1.1 1015-1045 Tea/Coffee Open Dicussion Theme: Ground Improvement 1045-1135 Concluding Remarks: R.D.Woods 0845-0847 Welcome: A.V.Shroff, Technical 1135-1143 (USA), Co-Chairperson Coordinator Closure: M.D.Desai, Technical 0847-0855 Introduction: J.K.Mitchell (USA), 1143-1145 Coordinator Chairperson Discussion Sesstion 1.4 0855-0915 Lead Discussor’s Report: Utilisation of 0845-1145 Theme: Professional Practices geosynthetics and natural fibres Welcome: D.J.Ketkar, Technical F.Schlosser (FRANCE) 0845-0847 Coordinator 0915-0947 Panel Discussion: Introduction: N.E.Simons (UK), Deep stabilisation by admixtures 0847-0855 Chairperson G.Holm (SWEDEN) Lead Discussor’s Report: Origin of Stone Columns : M.R.Madhav (INDIA) 0855-0915 geotechnical disputes; dispute resolution Vertical drainage utilizing strip drains : mechanisms: S.Hansbo (SWEDEN) H.G Rathmayer (FINLAND) Panel Discussion: Soil nailing and micropiles : M.Stocker 0915-0955 Regional experience in handling disputes: (GERMANY) K.Adachi (JAPAN), G.Noguera L. Deep stabilisation of silty sands (CHILE), C.D.Ou (S.E.ASIA), V.S.Raju W.F.Van Impe (BELGIUM) (INDIA) and L.H.Roth (USA) 0947-0957 TC 17 Report : Man Juran TC 20 Report : P.A.Green 0957-1015 Open Discussion 0955-1005 Open Discussion 1015-1045 Tea/Coffee 1005-1015 Tea/Coffee 1045-1135 Open Discussion 1015-1045 1045-1135 Open Dicussion 1135-1143 Conclud i ng Remarks: A. C. Stamatopoulos Concluding Remarks: R.Parry-Davies (GREECE). Co-Chairperson 1135-1143 (S.AFRICA), Co-chairperson 1143-1145 Closure: A.V.Shroff. Technical Closure: D.J.Ketkar, Technical Coordinator 1143-1145 Coordinator 0845-1145 Discussion Session 1.2 Video and Film Presentations Theme: Liquefaction 0845-1230 Activities of the Soletanche Group 0845-0847 Welcome: R.Kuheran. Technical 0900-0930 Soletanche, FRANCE Coordinator Engineering Services &. Advanced 0847-0855 Introduction: Shamsher Prakash 0930-1000 Research ISMES Spa, ITALY (INDIA/USA). Chairperson 1015-1045 Tea/Coffee

xx 1100-1130 Corporate Film : Tenax, ITALY 1455-1530 Open Dicussion 1130-1200 Environmental Site Assessment Utilising 1530-1600 Tea/Coffee Cone Penetration Equipment:Hogentogler 1530-1600 Briefing Meeting for Conference Office & Co., USA Bearers of Sessions D and E 1145-1230 Visit to Geotech Expo'94 1600-1650 Open Discussion 1230-1345 Lunch 1650-1658 Concluding Remarks: J.B.Burland (UK), 1345-1700 Discussion Session 2.1 Co-Chairperson Theme: Computer Applications in 1658-1700 Closure: S.V.Ramaswamy, Technical Geotechnical Engineering Coordinator 1345-1347 Welcome: M.R.Pranesh, Technical 1345-1700 Discussion Session 2.4 Coordinator Theme: Arid Climate Soils 1347-1355 Introduction: H.Meissner (GERMANY), 1345-1347 Welcome: B.R.Srinivasa Murthy, Chairperson Technical Coordinator 1355-1415 Lead Discussor’s Report: Role of 1347-1355 Introduction: G.E.Blight (S.AFRICA), numerical methods in solving practical Chairperson problems: M.J.Pender (NEW 1355-1427 Panel Discussion: ZEALAND) Settlement of foundations on sandy silt : 1415-1447 Panel Discussion: T.Amirsoleymani (IRAN) Computer controlled experiments Gypsum and saline soils : V.P.Petrukhin G.Baldi (ITALY) (RUSSIAN FEDERATION) Reliability and probabilistic methods : Property characterisation : K.S.Subba S.Lacasse (NORWAY) Rao (INDIA) Validation of finite element solutions : Regional experience : W.K.Wray (USA) I.M.Smith (U.K.) 1427-1530 Open Dicussion Expert systems : G.Wiseman (ISRAEL) 1530-1600 Tea/Coffee 1447-1530 Open Discussion 1530-1600 Briefing Meeting for Conference Office 1530-1600 Tea/Coffee Bearers of Sessions D and E 1530-1600 Briefing Meeting for Conference Office 1600-1650 Open Dicussion Bearers of Sessions D and E 1650-1658 Concluding Remarks: G.E.Blight 1600-1650 Open Discussion (S.AFRICA), Co-chairperson 1650-1658 Concluding Remarks: J.T. Christian 1658-1700 Closure: B.R.Srinivasa Murthy, (USA), Co-Chairperson Technical Coordinator 1658-1700 Closure: M.R.Pranesh, Technical 1345-1700 Video and Film Presentations Coordinator 1700-2230 Annual General Meeting Indian 1345-1700 Discussion Session 2,2 Geotechnical Society Theme: Foundation of Old Structures 1700-2230 Technomeet‘94: A Technology Exchange and Monuments Meet 1345-1347 Welcome: N.Babu Shanker, Technical Technomeet’94 was organised to Coordinator facilitate exchange of information on the latest technological developments 1347-1355 Introduction: A.Isnard (FRANCE), between the overseas and the Indian Chairperson industry involved in geotechnical 1355-1427 Panel Discussion: engineering. This meet also aimed at Special investigations required related to providing an opportunity to explore the old structures: E.Dapena (SPAIN) possibilty of joint venture collaborations Performance studies: S.Hultsjo between India and the developed world. (SWEDEN) Over 150 participants, mostly Chief Instrumentation : J.Nuyens (BELGIUM) Executives of the overseas and Indian Restoration of old structures and industry attended the meet. monuments: H.B.Pooroshasb(CANAD A) Theme: New Technologies for 1427-1530 Open Dicussion Developing Countries 1530-1600 Tea/Coffee 1700-1730 Registration 1530-1600 Briefing Meeting for Conference Office 1730-1800 Inauguration Bearers of Sessions D and E 1800-1810 Cocktails 1600-1650 Open Discussion 1810-1840 Session I: Geotextiles, Geogrids, Natural 1650-1658 Concluding Remarks: P.Marinos Fibres, Reinforced Earth (GREECE), Co-Chairperson 1845-1925 Session II: Instrumentation - Laboratory 1658-1700 Closure: N.Babu Shankar, Technical Testing, Field Testing, Monitoring Coordinator 1925-1945 Cocktails and Informal Discussions 1345-1700 Discussion Session 2.3 1945-2025 Session III: Consultancy, Research Theme: Geotechnical Engineering Software Development, Special Services Education 2030-2125 Session IV. New Construction Equipment 1345-1347 Welcome: S.V.Ramaswamy, Technical and Construction Technologies Coordinator 2115-2125 Sum'Up 1347-1355 Introduction: N.Krebs Ovesen 2125-2230 Dinner and Post-Meet Discussions (DENMARK), Chairperson 1730-2030 TC 11 Meeting 1355-1415 Lead Discussor’s Report: Patterns and 1730-1900 TC 24 Meeting practices in future geotechnical 1730-1930 TC 25 Meeting engineering education H.G.Poulos 1730-2000 TC 6, 13 and 17 Meetings (AUSTRALIA) Companions Programme 1415-1455 Panel Discussion: 0930-1630 Mughal India - A Visit to Ancient Regional Experiences S.K.Gulhati Structures (INDIA), R.D.Holtz (USA), W.A. 0930-1230 Shringar and Rangoli Lacerda (BRAZIL), J.Salencor 0930-1230 Indian Music (FRANCE) and W.Wolski (POLAND) 1230-1345 Lunch

xxi 1400-1700 Mehndi, Dance and Cooking 1400-1403 Introduction: H.C.Verma, President, 1400-1700 Women in India - A Panel Discussion Indian Geotechnical Society 1403-1458 Lecture: T.Ramamurthy Saturday, January 8 1458-1500 Concluding Remarks: R.Kuberan, 0845-1730 Geotech Expo’94 Honorary Secretary, Indian Geotechnical Technical Visits - TV1: Delhi Society TV2: Roorkee TV3: Agra 1500-1615 Mercer Lecture Technical Visit TV1: Indian Institute of 1500-1503 Introduction Technology, Central Soil and Materials 1503-1603 Lecture: J.P.Gourc Research Station, Qutab Minar and Bahai 1603-1615 Concluding Remarks Temple. 1615-1645 Tea/Coffee Technical Visit TV2: University of 1615-1645 Briefing Meeting for Conference Office Roorkee, Research Institutes and the Bearers of Sessions 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 historic cross-drainage works on the 1645-1815 Momentous Occasions in Geotechnical Upper Ganges canal. Construction Technical Visit TV3: Taj and other 1645-1650 Introduction: Chairperson: R.H.G.Parry monuments in Agra. Speakers : Victor Milligan (CANADA), V.M.Sharma (INDIA), Hidenori Tsuji Sunday, January 9 (JAPAN) and Sir Alan Muir Wood (UK) 0845-1730 Geotech Expo’94 1650-1810 Concluding Remarks: R.H.G.Parry 0845-1015 Plenary Session D 1930-2200 Home Hospitality Theme: EmbankmentDamand Dam Foundations Companisons Programme 0845-0847 Welcome: Yudhbir, Technical 0930-1300 Holy Sites in Delhi - A Tour Coordinator 0930-1300 Raj/Modern New Delhi - A Tour 0847-0855 Introduction: V.Escario (SPAIN), 0930-1300 Crafts Museum Chairperson 1300-1400 Lunch 0855-0925 State-of-the-Art Report: Criteria for the 1330-1830 Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary use of weathered rock for embankment 1400-1830 National Museum and dams and its compaction control : 1400-1830 Nature Areas in Delhi - A Tour P.R.Vaughan (UK) 1930-2230 Home Hospitality 0925-1005 Panel Discussion: Hydraulic failures induced by interface Monday, January 10 and rigid elements embedded in dams : 0845-1530 Geotech Expo’94 A.Agha (PAKISTAN) 0845-1145 Discussion Session 3.1 The control of seepage using natural T h e m e : 3 . 1 Environmental filters and geosynthetics: J. Brauns Geotechnology (GERMANY) 0845-0847 Welcome: S.Narasimha Rao, Technical Cracking, piping and remedial measures: Coordinator M.Dolezalova (CZECHOSLOVAKIA) 0847-0855 Introduction: G.F.Sowers (USA), Difficulties arising from interaction Chairperson between embankment and foundation and 0855-0915 Lead Discussor’s Report: Emerging remedial measures E. Loukola problems and practices in environmental (FINLAND) geotechnology: H. L. Jessberber Concluding Remarks: C.D.Thatte (GERMANY) (INDIA), Co-Chairperson 0915-0947 Panel Discussion: Closure: Yudhbir, Technical Coordinator Issues in mine wastes - tailings; dumps 1015-1045 Tea/Coffee and sludges : A.Fourie (S.AFRICA) 1045-1230 Plenary Session E Site remediation : T.Lundgren (SWEDEN) Theme: Natural Hazard Mitigation Stability of waste deposits : R.B.Seed 1045-1047 Welcome: R.K.Bhandari, Technical (USA) Coordinator Clay and synthetic liners - durability 1047-1055 Introduction: V.A.Ilyichev (RUSSIAN against pollutants attack: F.T.Madsen FEDERATION), Chairperson (SWITZERLAND) 1055-1140 State-of-the-Art-Report: Earth 0947-0957 TC 5 Report : Charles D.Shackelford movements, landslides, subsidence - 0957-1007 TC 7 Report : Jorge H.Troncoso regional experiences: C.Viggiani 1007-1015 Open Discussion (ITALY) 1015-1045 Tea/Coffee 1140-1220 Panel Discussion: 1045-1135 Open Discussion Instrumentation and telemetry for ground 1135-1143 Concluding Remarks: A.Sridharan failure hazards : A.Bodare (SWEDEN) (INDIA), Co-Chairperson Movement models for landslides 1143-1145 Closure: S.Narasimha Rao, Technical Ch.Bonnard (SWITZERLAND) Coordinator Rain-induced landslides and debris flow 0845-1145 Discussion Session 3.2 characteristic features: H.Garcia Theme: Marine Geotechnology (COLOMBIA) 0845-0847 Welcome: P.C.Rawat, Technical Earthquake microzonation : T.L.Youd Coordinator (USA) 0847-0855 Introduction: B.Mazurkiewicz 1220-1228 Concluding Remarks: J.R.Choudhury (POLAND), Chairperson (BANGLADESH), Co-Chairperson 0855-0915 Lead Discussor’s Report: TC 14 Report 1228-1230 Closure: R.K.Bhandari, Technical on new problems : Eugene Toolen (UK) Coordinator 0915-0940 Panel Discussion: 1230-1400 Lunch Special investigations required for 1400-1500 Heritage Lecture foundations of off-shore structures : K.Been (CANADA) New concepts on anchor systems 0915-0939 Panel Discussion: M.Datta (INDIA) Performance of roads in laterites Low lands and their characteristics : M.D.Gidigasu (GHANA) N.Miura (JAPAN) Use of geosynthetics in roads 0940-1015 Open Dicussion G.Venkatappa Rao (INDIA) 1015-1045 Tea/Coffee Geotechnics for rail tracks : H.Tarumi 1045-1135 Open Discussion (JAPAN) 1135-1143 Concluding Remarks: H.J.Kolk 0939-1015 Open Dicussion (NETHERLANDS), Chairperson 1015-1045 Tea/Coffee 1143-1145 Closure: P.C.Rawat, Technical 1045-1135 Open Dicussion Coordinator 1135-1143 Concluding Remarks: S.F.Brown (UK), 0845-1145 Discussion Session 3.3 Co-Chairperson Theme: Construction, Instrumentation 1143-1145 Closure: A.K.Yog, Technical and Real Time Management Coordinator 0845-0847 Welcome: R.K.M.Bhandari, Technical 1145-1300 Poster Session II Coordinator 1300-1415 Lunch 0847-0855 Introduction^. A. Varde(ARGENTIN A), 1415-1515 Special Lecture: Civil Engineering and Chairperson Environment: M.G.K.Menon, INDIA 0855-0915 Lead Discussor’s Report: Construction 1515-1545 Tea/Coffee and instrumentation of underground 1545-1715 Closing Ceremonies excavations: W.Clough (USA) 1545-1600 Summary of Proceedings: S.K.Gulhati, 0915-0939 Panel Discussion: Organising Secretary General, XIII Instrumentation-earth retaining structures ICSMFE and slopes : J.P. Aste (FRANCE) 1600-1610 Observations: R.H.G.Parry, Secretary Improvement in diaphragm wall General, ISSMFE execution, possible defects and their 1610-1620 Impressions control : M.Fuchsherger (AUSTRIA) 1620-1630 Valediction: N.R.Morgenstern, Outgoing Execution, supervision and quality President, ISSMFE control of anchors: K.R.Massarsch 1630-1645 Address M.Jamiolkowski, newly elected (SWEDEN) President, ISSMFE 0939-1015 Open Dicussion 1645-1655 Invitation for XIV ICSMFE 1015-1045 Tea/Coffee 1655-1705 Concluding Remarks: H.C.Verma, 1045-1135 Open Discussion Presidnet, Indian Geotechnical Society 1135-1143 Concluding Remarks: F.Baligh (EGYPT), 1915-2200 Banquet Co-Chairperson 1915-2000 Fashion Show 1143-1145 Closure: R.K.M.Bhandari, Technical Pool Side Lawns, Ashok Hotel Coordinator 2000-2200 Silver Service Banquet 0845-1145 Discussion Session 3.4 Convention Hall, Ashok hotel Theme: Roads and Tracks 0845-0847 Welcome: A.K.Yog, Technical Companions Programme Coordinator 0930-1400 Hauz Khas Village - A Visit 0847-0855 Introduction: Ninan Koshi (INDIA), 0930-1300 Central and State Emporia - A Visit Chairperson 0930-1300 Sunder Nagar - A Visit 0855-0915 Lead Discussor’s Report: Behaviour of 0930-1300 The Walled City - A Visit layered systems under repetitive loadings: 1300-1415 Lunch S.F.Brown (UK) 1415-2200 Identical to Delegates Programme

xxiii XIII ICSMFE, 1994, New Delhi, India / XIII ClM STF, 1994, New Delhi, Inde KJÌ

O p eni ng Cer emoni es

pressure or compulsion with a view of conformity is both uncivilised and W elcome undemocratic. H .C. V erm a President, IGS Civilisation has also been seen a stream with banks. Welcome - The Hindi equivalent, swagatam has a very special meaning in The Stream is sometimes filled with blood from people killing, stealing, the Indian context, for our culture talks of guests, as a form of God and our shouting and doing things historians usually recorded. traditional way is to fold our hands, how in difference, and say, Namaskar - which means "I bow to thee", thank you for coming. While on the banks, unnoticed, people build homes, love, raise children, sing songs, write poetry and even whittle statues. Welcome to the Conference being held for first time on Mainland Asia. We at the Indian Geotechnical Society are proud to host the Conference 7 the The story of civilisation is the story of what happended on the banks. first opportunity given to us since the inception of the Indian Geotechnical Historians are pessimists because they ignore the banks for the river. Society in 1948. We in the engineering community are optimists. Welcome to Delhi the Capital city of India. In fact the site of Delhi has been favoured as a capital over many ages as seven different eras have made the We believe in India - tommorrow. twin city which today are known as Delhi and New Delhi as their Capital. I thank the International Community of Geotechnical engineers for reposing Welcome to India - technologically sophisticated Twentieth Century nation their confidence in us. the size of a Sub-Continent that has a living three thousand years old culture, over 870 million people of varied castes, colour and creed. India, We will do our utmost to prove it has been well placed and would crave where seven major religions, 14 major languages, 300 dialects and a indulgence for any shortfalls. landscape that sweeps from 25,000 feet high Himalayan peaks to picturesque tropical beaches and over 5000 square miles of arid desert exists. Welcome once again. India has long been seen as a mystic land of unknown potential - land of Maharajas, snake charmers, rope tricks and wild animals.

India is certainity now seen as the. world’s 10th industrialised power - a ISSM FE A ctivities source of skilled manpower - the largest democracy in the world - the health R.H .G. Parry of which may be measured by the quality of functions performed by private Secretary General, ISSM FE citizens of the Society - and as world leader. Dr.Parry traced the growth of ISSMFE and highlighted its recent activities. India’s past has indeed been chequered as the nation has known the era of learning the glorious days of Gautam Buddha - to the era of glory - the Indus Civilisation - Mohenjodaro and Harappa - and more recently to the invasion which left confusion in their wake till the Mughal dynasty with its A ward of Kevin Nash Gold M edal successor emperors who governed the country for over a century was N.R.M org enstern replaced British rule. And finally and independent but partioned India in President, ISSM FE 1947 that has known five conflicts despite its sworn allegiance to the Our Society has few awards which makes the Kevin Nash Gold Medal Principles of peace and its belief that whatever fosters militarism makes for particularly meaningful. barbarism and whatever fosters peace makes for civilisation. The Kevin Nash Gold Medal is presented in honour of the late Secretary India today has opened its doors to the world today when perfection of General Nash to commemorate his contributions to the Society and it is means and confusion of end seems to characterise our age. It has been intended to foster his ideals. through the circle of democratic Socialism to a liberalised economy. It has the advantage of a strong Industrial base, processes its own raw material has The Medal should be awarded to a person who through his distinction as an a recognised space programme, and is regarded as a threshold Nuclear state engineer, his international contributions to engineering practice and with the necessary technological capability associated with the above. education, his contributions to international goodwill, and his service to the Society, has made a major contribution to fostering the ideals and goals of India tomorrow promises to be amongst the leaders in the world as we are the International Society throughout the world. attempting to bridge distances and as has been said of all inventions, the alphabet and the printing press alone excepted, those which bridge distances It gives me great pleasure to announce that the third recipient of the Kevin have done most for civilisation. Nash Gold Medal is Professor John Boscawen Burland.

In the words of Mahatama Gandhi "Civilisation is the encouragement of Professor Burland obtained his B.Sc. in 1959 from the University of the differences - and this becomes a synonym of democracy. Force, violence, Witwatersand. He received his M.Sc. from the same institution in 1961 and

3 his Ph.D. from Cambridge University in 1967. The University of I have pleasure in requesting twelve eminent geotechnical engineers each Witwatersand awarded him a D.Sc. in 1982 and he received the D.Eng. respectively representing the twelve countries where the previous (h.c.) in 1994 from Heriot-Watt University. International Conferences took place to come in turn and light up one feather each of the Peacock in our logo. Professor Burland is currently Professor of Soil Mechanics in the University of London, at the Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. For the First Conference held in 1936 in Cambridge, Mass. in USA, 1 He has received numerous medals and awards and has acted as a Consultant request Prof. CC Ladd, Professor at the MIT in Cambridge. on a number of prestigious assignments. For the Second Conference held in 1948 in Rotterdam in Netherlands, I Excellence is the hallmark of Professor Burland’s career: request Dr. Beetstra, Chairman of the National Society of Netherlands. For the Third Conference held in 1953 in Zurich in Switzerland, I request * excellence in teaching Dr. Caprez, Secretary of the National Society of Switzerland. * excellence in research * excellence as a consulting engineer For the Fourth Conference held in 1957 in London in the United Kingdom, * excellence in professional matters I request Sir Alan Muir Wood, Consultant. * and excellence as a colleague and friend

Please join me in welcoming Professor Burland to the podium. For the Fifth Conference held in 1961 in Paris, France I request Prof. J. Salencon, Professor at ECOLE Poly. Prof.Morgenstern presented the Kevin Nash Gold Medal to For the Sixth Conference held in 1965 in Montreal in Canada, I request Mr. Prof.J.B. Burland. J.L. Seychuk, Senior Principal of Golder Associates.

For the 7th Conference held in 1969 in Mexico City, Mexico. I request Mr. Kevin N ash Gold M edalist Springall, Director, Geotec. J.B. Burland Mr. President, honoured guests, fellow delegates. Shortly after the meeting For the 8th Conference held in 1973 in Moscow, I request Prof. V.A. of the Board of ISSMFE in Athens our President told me, in strict Ilyichev, Chairman of the Russian National Society. confidence, that the International Society had selected me for the award of the Kevin Nash Gold Medal. My first reaction was one of the huge delight, For the 9th Conference held in 1977 in Tokyo, Japan, I request Prof. K. tinged with surprise. I was acting Secretary General when the decision was Ishihara of the University of Tokyo. taken in Stockholm to institute the medal. On returning from Athens I For the 10th Conference held in 1981 in Stockholm, Sweden, I request Dr. looked up the minutes of the Stockholm Council meeting to remind myself J. Hartlen of the Swedish Geotechnical Institute. of the citation. For the 11th Conference held in 1985 in San Francisco in the United States, On reading the citation my tinge of surprise changed to complete I request Prof. James K Mitchel, Professor at the University of California amazement - but even greater delight. To receive a Gold Medal with such in Berkeley. a citation from a Society as important as ISSMFE, commemorating someone of the stature and wisdom of Kevin Nash is a supreme honour and one that For the 12th Conference held in 1989 in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, I request I will treasure, and attempt to live up to, for the rest of my life. Prof. Francis Bogossian, the Organising Secretary of the 12th Conference.

Mr. President, I have a confession to make - I have to tell you that I have May I now request Dr.Chitale to inaugurate the 13th International broken your confidence! On Monday, while I was in the departure lounge Conference by lighting up the thirteenth feather of our logo’s peacock. of Heathrow, I could contain myself no longer - I phoned Kevin Nash’s wife, Mel, and told her of the award. Mel asked me to convey to you Mr.President, to the Conference Organisors and to all the delegates, her Inaugural Address greetings and very best wishes for a successful and memorable Conference. D r .M .A.C hitale

Once again, thank you all for honouring me with the Kevin Nash Gold Dr.M.A.Chitale inaugurated the conference and delivered the Inaugural Medal. It is an honour that I will treasure and enjoy. Address.

Presidential Address N .R.M orgenstern Co ncluding Rem arks President, ISSM FE Shashi Gulhati Organising Secretary General, XIII ICSM FE The President then delivered the presidential address (see end of the Thank you, Sir, for inaugurating the XIII International Conference on Soil section). Mechanics & Foundation Engineering. Beginning now and for the next five days, the geotechnical engineers assembled here from over forty five countries of the world will provide intellectual stimulation of the highest order to each other. A Tribute To History The Proceedings of this Conference running into six volumes of about three Shashi Gulhati thousand pages, present the work of about one thousand authors. Seventeen Organising Secretary General, XIII ICSM FE subjects of current international importance will be discussed in five Plenary and twelve Parallel Sessions. Immediately after the tea-break, Prof. de For a tradition to take root one needs not only time but careful and Mello of Brazil will deliver an oration, instituted in the memory of Prof. meticulous nurturing. The tradition of holding International Conferences in Karl Terzaghi. On the 9th, Prof. Gourc of France will deliver the Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering is now more than five decades prestigious Mercer Lecture coordinated jointly by the International Society old. The Indian Geotechnical Society is proud to have become part of this of Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering and the International tradition through organising the XIII Conference in this series. Before we Geotextiles Society. Also on 9th January, Prof. Ramamurthy of India will begin the XIII Conference we wish to pay a tribute to all those who deliver the Heritage Lecture highlighting the development of geotechnical organised the previous twelve Conferences and helped to create and sustain engineering activities in India. A special session will focus attention on this tradition.

4 Momentous Occasions in Geotechnical Construction in which four eminent The International Society accepted the invitation of the Indian Geotechnical engineers will relate their experiences in handling crisis situations. Society to hold the XIII International Conference in New Delhi in its Council meeting held in 1987 in Dublin. Since that time we have been Just before the Conference concludes on the 10th of January, a special working to organise a memorable Conference. We sincerely hope that the lecture focussing on environmental issues in relation to civil engineering effort of the Indian Geotechnical Society and our numerous associates shall activity will be delivered by Prof. MGK Menon. prove to he purposeful. On behalf of the Organising Committee I wish everyone an exciting week at this Conference. These activities along with visits to the Exhibition, field trips, social events and special programmes directed at generating collaborative activity in May I now request everyone to please stand as we sing the Indian National geotechnical engineering industry, will set a very hectic pace for all of us Anthem. - a pace that we are looking forward to and a pace that will ensure maximum utilisation of the time that all of us will spend together.

5 XIII ICSMFE, 1994. New Delhi, India / XIII CIMSTF, 1994. New Delhi, Inde

PRESI DENTI AL ADDRESS DI SCO URS DU PRESI DENT

N.R. Mor genst er n

President ISSMFE

SALUTATION Bjerrum (op. cit.) identified the next twenty-five years as a period of emergence of a rational approach in which the systematic theoretical Dr.Chítale, our Chief Guest, Mr.Verma, President of the Indian basis of our subject was applied with success to a wider and wider Geotechnical Society, Professor Gulhati, other distinguished guests range of problems; with impressive achievements. The great and fellow members of the International Society for Soil Mechanics expansion in our ability to design and construct earth and rock-fill and Foundation Engineering: the opening of our quadrennial dams to the end of the 1960’s is only one example that attests to this. international conference is always an occasion of the utm ost We learnt to temper our theoretical enthusiasm with semi-empirical importance for the membership of our Society, and I find it a thrilling procedures and to apply the observational method in an increasingly experience to participate in these opening ceremonies and bring to this systematic manner. If we were to have celebrated the 50th birthday Conference the best wishes of our approximately 17,000 m em bers in of our subject in 1969, we would have agreed with Bjerrum that, our 65 Member Societies. To have already experienced the "The procedures available in applied soil mechanics represent, a magnificent welcome of the Mela, imagine elephants at an logical and rational approach which can be described in text books, International Conference, makes me feel sorry for our colleagues who can be taught in universities and can be applied by a capable civil have been unable to join us here in New Delhi. engineer after he has obtained some training in practice”. Of course there were many problems that were not handled well in 1969 and INTRODUCTION notwithstanding the successes of our subject, there were numerous instances in which the discrepancy between theory and practice was This occasion is also an opportunity for us to take stock of ourselves, very serious. Some of these issues, such as the progressive failure of to assess where we have come from and where we are going. The overconsolidated clay slopes, remain with us to-day. technical sessions to come and the very fine publications that accompany them constitute a detailed stock taking o f a very PERIOD OF EXPANSION comprehensive set of technical issues. However it is equally valuable to step back from the detail and assess the overall health of our It is now 1994 and if we were to celebrate the birthday of our discipline and our Society that has been formed to serve it. As subject, this would be our 75th. What of the past twenty-five years President of our Society, I have been in a privileged position, as I and what of the future? have travelled the world on Society business, to attempt such an overview and I would like to share some of my observations and In 1969 we were about 9,000 members and we are now roughly conclusions with you. double that. However it is not just the size of our community that has increased, but also its range. I believe that the scope of our science BIRTH OF MODERN SOIL MECHANICS and technology far exceeds even the dreams of our pioneers.

While there are many antecedents to modern Soil Mechanics in the The term Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering is too theoretical works of the 18th and 19th century such as that of restrictive to properly describe our activities and I expect that once Coulomb, Rankine, and Darcy and in the works of the great empirical again in the future the name of our Society may have to be addressed. constructors of the 18th and early 19th centuries w ho successfully Without implying our preference and with due respect to our sister completed major public undertakings such as railroads, tunnels and societies, the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM) and canals, I side with the late Dr.Laurits Bjerrum, our fourth President, the International Association for Engineering Geology (IAEG), I will who attributed the birth of modern Soil Mechanics to March, 1919 use the more embracing term, Geotechnical Engineering, in the (Bjerrum, 1969). It was on a day in March 1919 in Istanbul that follow ing. Terzaghi, while sitting on a rock and looking out over the Golden Horn, suddenly visualized what was needed to obtain a rational In order to illustrate the broad scope of our responsibilities, I am fond approach to the problems involved in earthworks and foundation of using Figure 1, (Morgenstern, 1981) which classifies the range of engineering. On that occasion Terzaghi outlined the experimental our materials based on origin and consistency, implying the duality underpinnings of our subject and preceived the emergence of an of geology and mechanics as basic building blocks in Geotechnical analytical framework that would guide rational Soil Mechanics. Engineering. From Figure 1 we can sense the enormous range of assignments that one might encounter: from liquefaction of a uniform The first period of pioneering, about 25 years, took us to the end of sand to stability of an excavation in clay to convergence of a cavity World War II. In that time our Society had been established and the in salt to behaviour of a dam foundation on a weathered granite contributions of the pioneers in our subject gained broad recognition. profile and so on. From a geological perspective this implies the The proceedings of the 1-ICSMFE held at Harvard University in 1936 capacity to work in any environment and this is only made possible documents many successes of this new engineering science. by the existence of several unifying factors. There are several Recognition within universities grew steadily, and as the world technical and operational factors that unify our subject. The behaviour reconstructed itself in the late 1940’s Soil Mechanics and Foundation of our materials is characterized in terms of effective stress; all Engineering gained its rightful place in the formal education of all material deformation and strength is influenced by, if not dominated Civil Engineers. Specialist research programs and research institutes by, frictional behaviour and if you neglect the influence of structure began to proliferate. of our materials, both small and large-scale, you do so at your peril.

7 Origin and \ Co m position Sedi men ta ry I gneous and Clasti c Chemical Organi c Met amor phi c Consistency's^ i 1 i 1 Arenaceous Argillaceous Carbonates Evapou rites

ANuvial Sand Calcareous Gypslferous Cohesion less and Rock Flour Sands Sands Topsoil Talus Gravel Soil Cohesive Oil Sand Clay Oozes Peat Laterite Clay Shale Mari

Slaking and Softening

Friable Weathered Soft Sandstone Mudstone Chalk Gypsum Lignite Granite Compressive Strangth 500 kPa Rock Hard Sandstone Shale Limestone Potash Coal Granite

Figure 1. The range of geotechnical materials by origin, composition and consistency

From an operational perspective we have learnt not to rely on The sedimentary environment in which this mining takes place is prediction to ensure successful performance; instead, the application extremely complex and one hazard is critically oriented clay seams of the observational method, as outlined so effectively by our past- dipping out of the highwall. To find these seams and to protect the President Dr.Peck (1969) ensures a more modest, but more effective, valuable draglines by monitoring, we have developed micro-resistivity claim for success. dipmeter logs that can find the dip and dip direction o f clay seam s in boreholes. Integrated geological sections can be constructed and when Building on these fundamentals the geotechnical com munity has the machines are at risk, inclinometer monitoring is undertaken achieved much and has continued to extend the scope of its activities. continuously during mining. One recent development is a robotic In the past twenty-five years, we have developed pow erful methods inclinometer that can move the inclinometer at will and take readings of numerical simulation; we have adopted new materials such as, continuously at a fixed point. Data is processed in real time to assist geosynthetics in a wide range of activities; we have initiated a new highwall monitoring. In this way over 600 km of highwall have been focus on environmental geotechnics; we have increasingly contributed mined safely. to natural hazard assessment and mitigation of the effects of earthquakes and landslides; we have been of assistance in resource At this time one of the largest earth moving operations in C anada is development both on and off-shore and so on. underway at the Syncrude Project with the construction of a dam and relocated highway on the dam across the mine. About 27 x 106 m3 are Many of you could provide examples from your experience to vividly being placed in about 2 years around the clock through temperatures illusrate our achievements in recent years. Allow me to draw on one as low as -35°C. This major advance in cold weather construction exai ii'le of a project in which I am intimately involved. Detailed employs 190T and 240T loaded haul trucks for compaction with back) round is provided by Morgenstern, Fair and McRoberts (1988). 100% Standard Proctor Density typically being achieved. O ne additional innovation is the adoption of global positioning surveying. This project lies in north-eastern Alberta, Canada and is the Syncrude The receiver sits on each station for 30 minutes during each survey Canada Oil Sand Project. In this region there are some 270 x 10P m 3 to achieve an accuracy of ±10 mm in all three directions. Major of bitumen, about 40% of the world supply, but one to the high economies and improved deformation data are the net result. viscosity of the bitumen it must be mined where overburden is low or extracted with the addition of heat at depth. The Syncrude Project is The tailings dam or settling basin is 17 km in length, parts are 90 m the second commercial mining operation having started production in high, and in terms of volume of engineered fill it is the largest earth 1977. It now produces 65 x 106 barrels of synthetic crude oil per year dam in the world. Advances in hydraulic fill construction have with a production value of about $ 1.25 x lO’/yr. It comprises a base contributed to the successful construction of this structure w hich is mine area, 4 km x 4 km, a setting basin or tailings dam and an out- almost complete. However several kilometers of the foundation are of-pit sand storage area. At this time Syncrude moves 5 tonnes of on pre-sheared clay shale at a low residual strength and we have had material every second of the day. This is material transport on a to develop new methods of analysis and monitoring based on grand scale. Each element of the operation, except the processing and allowable ground strains to reconcile the acceptability of the large refining, involves substantial geotechnical contributions. foundation movements.

The initially proposed mine scheme recommended draglines sitting on The new sand storage area currently under construction will contain a highwall 50 m high included at about 60°. The oil sands are 1 x 109 m3 of sand. Liquefaction issues are of concern. Finally, we uncemented quartz sand which tested in the laboratory at about 38°- have to ultimately dispose of 1 x 10’ m3 of very fine waste that will 40°, indicating that this was not possible. Nature revealed otherwise take centuries to consolidate. The pore fluid contains toxic elements since high steep slopes were encountered in naturally eroded valley as a result of the chemical process used to liberate the bitumen. The walls. When we finally learnt to sample these materials without current reclamation plan employs the construction o f large artificial, disturbance, we discovered the locked sand fabric that accounts for but productive, lakes to store this material. Studies based on the high resistance due to enhanced dilatancy and the dragline scheme sedimentation and consolidation indicate that the release of the pore was adopted. fluid will be sufficiently slow that it will biodegrade naturally and

8 Syncrude is committed to a discharge policy of zero toxicity beyond 4. communicate - we must continue to improve our means o f its lease boundaries. communication to better inform our membership of the multiplicity of activities underway under the aegis o f this The success of Syncrude requires an environment of continuous Society. technological innovation. Geotechnical engineering has been an integral part of this process. 5. care for our members - we do this in a variety of ways, from Task Force studies of the Board that bear on such m atters as Note that this project has relied on the totality o f the geotechnical Technology Transfer and Education, to Young Geotechnical enterprise: basic soil properties, advanced analytical studies, new Engineer Conferences and to the recognition that we give to geophysical tools, instrumentation, an intimate interaction between those who service our profession with special distinction. geologists and engineer and, above all, the application of the observational method. This project is one of many examples of the WH AT I S O UR SOCI ETY? benefits of geotechnical engineering to the world at large. ISSMFE is firstly a non-governmental organization (N GO). We are Our Society was formed in 1936 to aid the collective efforts of our in a period throughout the world when reliance on governm ent is membership. Bjerrum (op cit.) noted on the 50th birthday of Soil diminishing. NGO’s are important in the world as never before. We Mechanics that the Society had grown from a few hundred members meet on the basis of shared technical interest which ultimately in 1936 to about 9,000. I can note on the 75th birthday that we have transforms into binding friendships. Sustainable global development effectively doubled in the intervening twenty-five years. Clearly we is forcing mankind to address the problems of urbanization, climate have been successful as an organization in meeting the needs of our change, pollution, resource supply and allocation, natural hazard membership, but we must be both vigilant and diligent to ensure that mitigation and others. From our technical perspective and in a spirit we continue to do so. of global cooperation, we have made contributions to the resolution of these issues and we will do more in the future. O ur Society is For the Society to fill its role in the future it must: sound and vigorous. We rely only on the active and creative participation of our membership to succeed as well in the future as we 1. be financially secure - our current subscription revenue more have in the past. or less meets our on-going needs, but we need new sources o f revenue to do more. We have initiated a corporate Thank you for your attention. membership drive to assist us and we must gain more revenue from our publication and related efforts. REFERENCES 2. provide technical leadership - Our Technical Com m ittee Bjerrum, L., 1969. Presidential Address. Proc. 6 ICSMFE, Vol.3, complex has been remarkably productive. I anticipate that in p. 100-104, Mexico City. the future we will utilize even more our Technical Com m ittee structure to drive the technical agenda of our comm unity. Morgenstern, N.R. 1981. Geotechnical engineering and frontier Many of our Technical Committees have reached maturity and resource development. Geotechnique, Vol.31, p.303-366. are running their own focused technical program. More should be encouraged to do so. Morgenstern, N.R., Fair, A.E. and McRoberts, E.C., 1988. Geotechnical engineering beyond soil mechanics - a case study. 3. collaborate - we have joined the international fam ily o f science Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol.24, p.637-661. and technology as recognized by the United Nations and we must learn to work with the umbrella organizations, IUGS-and Peck, R.B., 1969. Advantages and limitations of the observation UATI. Further and intimate collaboration with our sister method in applied soil mechanics, Geotechnique, Vol. 19, p. 171-187. societies ISRM and IAEG is essential. The problems o f the real world do not respect the artificial boundaries that we construct.

9 XIII ICSMFE, 1994, New Delhi, india / XIII CIMSTF, 1994, New Delhi, Inde

C l osi ng Cer emoni es

vis-a-vis better graded and packed material. The former crushes rapidly S u m m ary of Proceedings under load inducing deformations but soon becomes more stable as void' S .K.Gulhati spaces fill up; thereafter its behaviour becomes similar to that of the better Organising Secretary General, X III ICSM FE graded and packed material. That there is increasing demands for use of underground space in the urban environment was highlighted in the Session It was perhaps too ambitious to think that one could make a technical on Design & Performance of Retaining and Buried Structures. Clients ask summary of the deliberations in a few minutes during the closing for multi-level basements no matter what risk this may mean to adjacent ceremonies, especially when about 25% of the sessions took place earlier structures, generating thereby an enormous challenge for the geotechnical today. I will therefore, not attempt to summarise each session but will engineer both in design and construction. instead, highlight some of the ideas that emerged during deliberations at the Conference. That introduction of new codes and regulations generates problems of its own was highlighted in the discussion session on Marine Geotechnology as It was amply evident that as geotechnical engineers are called upon to work indeed were the special demands on off-shore site investigation to meet the with soils of low engineering quality, techniques of ground improvement needs of numerical modelling of structures and foundations during design will continue to develop and assume greater and greater importance. The and for conducting risk and reliability analysis. Session on Ground Improvement attracted many delegates. The panelists highlighted the multiple uses of different mechanisms. Geosynthetics and The advantages of considering piled rafts as a soil mass reinforced by piles natural fibres function as anchors thereby increasing stability of slopes and interacting among themselves were featured in the session on Foundations. they are also effective for providing drainage. Similarly, the multi-functionality of stone columns was highlighted, be it for drainage, The increasing role of computers in geotechnical engineering was recognised consolidation, strength, resistance against liquefaction or recharging of in the session on Computer Applications. The need to use realistic soil acquifers. parameters was emphasised and it was suggested that methods be evolved to quantitatively express the uncertainty in solutions obtained using computer During the Session on Geophysical Methods, delegates were informed that analysis. artificial intelligence is being applied to data interpretation to speed and improve the process and that the success of a particular geophysical method Characterisation of arid climate soils is still in a stage of infancy. The may well depend, as much on the selection of the data interpretation greatest drawback identified during this session was the still relatively scheme, as on the physical performance of the test itself. New uses of unreliable measurement of suction in the field. geophysical methods were highlighted, for example, their application in ground improvement for assessing increase in modulus upon installation of The session on Environmental Geotechnology, focussed on problems stone columns and their use as techniques for non-destructive testing. connected with waste land fills and their safety. Geotechnical engineers were urged to become involved in the process leading to evolution of Focussing on Professional Practice, there was consensus that a good site environmental legislation. investigation often saved money and it was suggested that not only should a programme be undertaken to educate clients about the utility of a good site The subject of soil mechanics for roads and railway tracks was discussed at investigation but that it may be worth-while to identify and prescribe a this International Conference after a lapse of many years. The behaviour of minimum percentage of project cost for site investigation as part of good interfacing layered materials between structure and soil, selection of design professional practice. parameters under repeated loading and the use of geosynthetics featured prominently during discussions. Delegates were treated to an educational happening in the Session on Geotechnical Education that vividly demonstrated poor presentation During the discussion on liquefaction, the need to clarify the influence of techniques and the consequent wastage of time. It was noted that the fines on the liquefaction potential was stressed. It was felt that this undergraduate programme in geotechnical engineering education, world influence is difficult to predict and it is not something recognised in normal wide, has not altered significantly in the last two decades. Participants practice. The important contribution of centrifuge testing to a better appreciated that the subject of education has found a place at this knowledge of liquefaction was demonstrated. International Conference and recommended that it should hereafter be one of the subjects that should find place in all regional and international The 13th International Conference departed from practice of previous gatherings on Soil Mechanics and suggested that a T.C. be constituted. conferences by specifically providing an occasion for industry participants and exhibitors to interact amongst themselves and with local industrialists In rehabilitating old structures and treating their foundations, numerous during a Technology Exchange Meet. We have a most positive feed back innovative methods were described which included geophysical and radar from industry participants. They have endorsed not only the idea bu the studies for investigation, under pinning techniques for foundation format of the interaction designed for them. They suggest that in f. ure strengthening, instrumentation for monitoring the critical zones in the conferences more time be provided for such interaction. structure identified through numerical modelling. The 6th and final volume of the Proceedings will document more completely In using weathered rock for embankments and dams, a careful distinction the deliberations at this Conference. was made between the behaviour of poorly graded and packed materials Thank you. Mr.Chairman

11 give further impulse and rationalize the existing T C ’s O bservations activities and, when appropriate, establish new ones. R .H .G.Parry Secretary General, ISSM FE implement emergent activities like: YGEC’s - Model Library - Educational Task Force - Publications and Dr.Parry thanked the Organising Committee for the arrangements Technologies Transfer - Special Venues promoted by T C ’s. made for the Conference and experienced appreciation on his own behalf as well as on behalf of the delegates. I would also like the attention be drawn on the need to bridge the gap between advanced research and everyday practice and on fulfilling the priority aim of helping the developing countries.

5 Another topical issue, which in my opinion Is of paramount importance for the future of the geotechnical engineering, is the role that our discipline should play towards the emergent environmental engineering. All of us are looking forward with much attention to Im pressions the First International Conference on Environmental Geotechnics K.Isnihara that has been scheduled to take place in Edmonton next July. As a Vice-Presidient of Asia matter of fact I believe that such initiatives should be continued on a periodical basis, Prof.K.Ishiharaas the Vice-President of Asia spoke on his impression about the Conference. 6. Many other problems» of course, deserve the new Board’s attention, although some of them might appear delicate or even controversial. Of them I would like to mention the following:

the need for further development of Corporate Members initiatives;

the possible new role and format of International V alidiction Conferences; N.R.M orgenstern Outgoing President, ISSM FE the opportunity to reconsider the name of our Society in relation to the ongoing changes and to the developments in Prof. Morgenstern in an emotionally charged environment thanked the the area of engineering sciences; outgoing Board for their instinted cooperation and handed over the symbol of the President of the ICSMFE to the newly elected President the feasibility to enforce our secretariat and administration Prof.M.Jamiolkowski. capabilities without increasing the cost.

7. In the accomplishment of these tasks, also on behalf of the new Board, I express the need for a community spirit. We would value any future interactions. Individuals and single member society will be much welcome to take active role, on a voluntary basis, to ensure that ISSMFE achieved its goals. A d d r e s s M .Jam iolkowski 8. Coming to the end of my personal remarks, I am sure to give President, ISSM FE utterance to everybody’s feelings in acknowledging and expressing our deep gratitude to Prof.Norbert Morgenstem and to the Members of his Board for the magnificent work they have performed during their term of office. It is thanks to their untiring efforts that they hand over to the new Board a healthy, strong Society. 1. My immediate need is to thank for the large support that you have given to me. 9. Finally, special mention has to be made of Prof.S.K.Gulhati and of our Indian Colleagues to whom I would like to express our I feel the high privilege to have been elected the eleventh President admiration and thanks for the high technical level of the Conference of our Society and no great honour could befall on me than thinking and for warm hospitality we have been experiencing during this of your trust. As a token of your faith I will make every endeavour successful Conference. We all have appreciated the opportunity to to fulfil my office in the intent of fostering the ideals and the goals get better acquainted with all of you and to learn more of your of ISSMFE throughout the world. enchanting country of which we will keep very special memories and where we are leaving part of our hearts. 2. I wish also to thank all my illustrious predecessors for the experience and the example they have set aside that will prod me to 10. Dear Colleagues, I wish all of us to meet again in Hamburg in 1997 be a good, effective President. My pleasure is to thank particularly to further progress our discipline and to renew and strengthen our Prof.Morgenstern whose heritage will guide me in my new duty. friendship. 3. The worldwide recession cannot but adversely affect the activity of any learned Society. Our new Board’s major task will be to keep our activities growing at a difficult time like this. However, we will take up the glove and cope with the challenge. We will go on along the course of the action traced by the previous Board on which I have had the privilege to serve for four years and whose important efforts have made our Society more active and better linked to the real world of civil engineering. i. In fulfilling my function I will be assisted by an outstanding new Board whose endeavour, I am sure, will permit to our Society to undertake effective initiatives and handle important issues that need be pursued such as:

12 XIII I CSMFE, 1994, Ne w Del hi, Indi a / XII I CI MSTF, 1994, Ne w Del hi, Inde

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING — MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL MEETING HELD IN FLORENCE, ITALY SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DE MECHANIQUE DES SOLS ET DE TRAVAUX DE FONDATIONS — PROCES-VERBAL DE LA REUNION DU CONSEIL TENUE A FLORENCE, ITALIE

May 26, 1991 8. 30 am to 1.00 pm 2. 00 pm to 6. 30 pm

PRESENT:

Prof. N. R. Mor genst em Presi dent I SSMFE Prof. B. B. Br oms Past Presi dent I SSMFE Mr. G. Donal dson Vice-Presi dent Afri ca Prof. K. I shihara Vice-Presi dent Asi a Prof. H. G. Poul os Vice-Presi dent Aust ral asi a Prof. U. Smol t czyk Vice-Presi dent Eur ope Prof. J. K. Mit chel l Vice-Presi dent Nor t h Amer i ca Prof. L. Décourt Vice-Presi dent Sout h Amer i ca Prof. V. A. I l yi chev Boar d Member Prof. M. Jamiol kowski Boar d Member Dr. R. H. G. Parry Secretary General I SSMFE Prof. V. F. B. de Mel l o Past Presi dent I SSMFE Prof. R. Oli vei ra Presi dent I AEG Prof. Minei r o f or Presi dent I SRM Prof. E. E. de Beer Secretary PCS Prof. A. McGown Chai r man Techni cal Commit t ee on Geotext i l es and Geosynt het i cs ( TC9) Dr. D. M. Cruden Chai r man Techni cal Commit t ee on Landsl i des ( TC11) Prof. H. Poor ooshasb Co- chai r man Techni cal Commit t ee on Mechani cs of Granul ar Materi al s ( TC13) Mr. Harr y Kol k Secretary Techni cal Commit t ee on Penetrati on Test i ng ( TCI 6) Prof. Koi chi Akai Chai r man Techni cal Commit t ee on I ndurated Soi l s and Soft Rocks ( TC22) Dr. N. Krebs Ovesen Chai r man Techni cal Commit t ee Li mit State Desi gn i n Geot echni cal Engi neeri ng ( TC23) Prof. G. E. Bli ght Chai r man Techni cal Commit t ee on Tropi ca] and Resi dual Soi l s ( TC25) D. Michel Gambi n Chai r man Techni cal Commit t ee on Pressuremet er and Di l at omet er Test i ng ( TC27) Professor I. Manol i u and Professor M. Popescu att ended t he meet i ng as observers on behal f of Romani a.

APOLOGI ES:

Dr. Za-chi eh Moh Boar d Member

243 Dr. W. Pirch er I COLD Representati ve Mr. C. Berengui er 1TA Secretary General

Member Soci ety Voting Member Non-voting Member

Argent i na Dr. L. Dicourt * Aust rali a Mr. Max Ervi n Aust ri a Dr. H. Brandi Bangl adesh Prof. K. I shihara* Bel gi um Prof. J. Nuyens Bol i vi a Brazi l Mr. F. Bogossi an* Bul gari a Prof. U. Smol t czyk* Canada Dr. G. Lef ebvre Chi l e Chi na Col ombi a Cost a Rica Czechosl ovaki a Dr. J. Feda Denmar k Prof. J. S. Steenfelt Mr. Hans Denver Ecuador Egypt Fi nl and Mr. Hans Rat hmayer Mr. A. Val kei senmäki France Mr. F. Schl osser Mr. M. Londez Ger many Dr. W. Wit t ke Mr. Kraut er Ghana Greece Dr. G. D. Coumoul os Dr. A. Anagnost opoul os Hungar y Dr. G. Petrasovi t s I cel and Mr. I. I ngi marsson Mr. H. Sigurst ei nsson I ndia Prof. S. Gul hati Prof. A. Sri dharan I ndonesi a Iran Dr. H. Sanii I reland Dr. Mart i n F. Grace Israel Prof. A. Komomi k Dr. E. Zol kov Italy I ng S. Mart i nett i I ng R. Jappell i Japan Dr. Aki o Nakase Dr. Fumio Tat suoka Kenya Kor ea R Prof. Sang- Kyu Ki m Prof. Hyung- Si k Chung Mexi co Mor occo Mr. Ejj aaouani Mr. Sikkal Net herl ands Prof. A. Vemii j t Dr. E. H. de Leeuw New Zeal and Mr. Max Ervi n* Nigeri a Nor way Mr. Arne Si monsen Paki st an Paraguay Prof. L. Décourt * Peru Pol and Mr. M. Wol ski Mr. Z. Grabowski Port ugal Prof. M. M. Fernandes Prof. A. G. Correi ra Sout h Afri ca Mr. G. Donal dson* S E Asi a Dr. Chi n-der Ou Spai n Dr. V. Escari o Sudan Sweden Mr. E. Sel l gren Mrs. M. Nor d Swit zerl and Dr. Mar kus Capr ez Dr. Peter Brenner Syri a Tuni si a Tur key Dr. Ergun Togrol UK Dr. C. R. I. Clayt on Dr. J. A. Lor d USA Mr. Clyde N. Baker Jr. Mr. Har vey E. Wahl s USSR Dr. V. P. Petrukhi n Venezuel a Mr. Max Ervi n* Vi et nam Mr. Max Ervi n* Yugosl avi a Prof. P. Anagnost i Zi mbabwe Mr. Ron Mackechni e

* denot es a pr oxy vote

244 INTRODUCTION MEMBERSHIP

1. Th e President opened the meeti ng and i ntroduced to the d el egates t he 8. The Secretary General presented his report on I SSMFE Member shi p Secretary General , and S ecretary , Mrs Cobb , t he Boar d Member s and ( Appendi x 1). On 31 December 1990 I SSMFE compri sed 60 Member Techni cal Commit tee C hai r men who wer e present. He wel comed to the Soci eti es representi ng 18065 i ndivi dual member s, compar ed wit h 60 meeti ng Prof essor Oliveira, President of LAEG and Professor Mineiro, Member Soci eti es and 18, 438 i ndi vi dual member s on 31 December 1988. representi ng I SRM. Since t he 1989 Counci l Meet i ng Bangl adesh had been admit t ed i nto member shi p and t he suspensi on on t he Ecuador Soci et y, SEMSI R, had been l i fted. The GDR Member Soci ety had been di ssol ved and its member s QUORUM i nvi t ed to j oi n t he FRG Member Soci ety to f or m one Ger man Soci ety. 9. Papers submit t ed by t he new Romani an Soci et y f or Soil Mechani cs and Foundat i on Engi neeri ng f or member shi p of I SSMFE wer e f ound t o be i n 2. A roll call showed del egates f r om 34 Member S ociet i es to be present at the order by t he Vice-Presi dent f or Europe, Professor Smol t czyk and t he start of the meeti ng. As 50 Member S ociet i es wer e entitle d to vote t he Secretary General . Under t he power s i nvest ed i n hi m by Statue 4F t he requirement under statut e 12F, f or general busi ness, of 17 d el egates f or a Secretary General was admit t i ng Romani a i nto member shi p. It had been quorate meeti ng was met. agreed that Romani a shoul d be granted a t wo-year mor at or i um on payment of f ees and their member shi p woul d be eff ecti ve f r om t he end of this Counci l Meet i ng. OVERVIEW 10. Not i ng t he substanti al changes i n member shi p number s of some Member Soci eti es, Professor Togrol asked if i ndi vi dual changes i n names and 3. I n his overview of t he acti vities of I SSMFE t he Presi dent r eminded t he addresses wer e known. He was advi sed that t hey wer e not, but that an meet i ng that new statutes and by- l aws had been i ntroduced at t he 1989 updat ed List of Member s woul d be publ i shed i n 1993 bef ore t he X III Counci l Meet i ng i n Rio de Janeiro, openi ng t he way f or mor e subst anti ve ICSMFE. act i ons by t he Soci ety. Wit h this full y i n mind he had f or med a number of t ask f orces wit hi n t he Boar d to consi der and report possi bl e new i niti ati ves that t he Soci ety might undert ake, and he l ooked to di scussi on at this meet ­ SECRETARI AT i ng to gi ve a posi t i ve i ndicati on if t hese i niti ati ves shoul d be pursued further. He felt that t he acti viti es of t he Soci et y coul d usefull y be di vi ded i nto t hree categori es. Routi ne, Emer gent and Potential. 11. Th e S ecretary General advi sed the meeti ng that al t hough t he wor kl oad on the S ecretari at had i ncre ased progress ively over t he past few y ears, thi s 4. Rout i ne acti viti es i ncl uded t he I nternati onal and Regi onal Conf erences, coul d still be coped wit h under present arrangement s. He had hi mself t he wor k of 27 Techni cal Commit t ees, Counci l and Boar d Meet i ngs and recentl y t aken e arl y ret ir ement f rom the Uni versity of Cambr i dge, partl y I SSMFE News. The Secretari at admini st ered t he affai rs of the Soci ety and, t o devot e mor e ti me to t he S ecretariat. Mrs Cobb wor ked f our days a week at its present l evel, coul d be mai nt ai ned f r om i ncome to t he Soci ety f r om and he expressed his gre at apprec i ati on f or her help. Th e Secret ari at woul d traditi onal sources. conti nue to operat e f r om offic e space provided by the Uni versi ty for the f oreseeable future, but eventual l y woul d be ask ed t o pay re ntal, al t hough 5. Emer gent acti viti es i ncl ude Young Geot echni cal Engi neers Conf erences at wel l bel ow commer ci al rates. Provi si on had been made for this in the whi ch had al ready been hel d i n Europe, Sout h Amer i ca, Asi a and Afri ca, budget. Offic e equi pment now i ncl udes a F ax and a M aci nt osh wor d t he Model Li brary f or whi ch t here was a speci fi c budget, t he Mer cer processor. I SSMFE News conti nues to be pr oduced f our t i mes a year. Close Lect ure, t he Visi t i ng Lect urer Scheme, Videos of l eadi ng geotechni cal contact is mai nt ai ned wit h t he Bri t i sh Geot echni cal Soci ety, t he Secretary engi neers, i mpr oved l i aison wit h t he Sister Soci eti es I SRM and I AEG, and General havi ng been ki ndl y i nvi t ed to att end BGS Commit t ee Meeti ngs. t he est abl i shment of suit able i nternati onal affi l i ati ons. These acti viti es make onl y modest fi nanci al demands at most and can be pursued wit hi n 12. The Secretary General had been asked by t he Presi dent to conti nue i n post t he Soci et y’s present l evel of i ncome. t o t he end of his Presi denti al peri od and had expressed hi msel f pl eased to agree to this. 6. Several t ask f orces had been f or med wit hi n t he Boar d to i nvesti gate Potenti al areas i nto whi ch I SSMFE acti vity might be ext ended, but some 13. The Presi dent expressed his appreci ati on of t he wor k of t he Secretari at. of t hese woul d require addit i onal resources. However it was not unreali s­ ti c to vi suali se doubl i ng t he i ncome of t he Soci ety wit hout i mposi ng a si gnifi cant change i n fees. One possi bl e source of i ncome was Corporat e REGI ONAL REPORTS BY VI CE- PRESI DENTS Member shi p and this had been revi ewed by one of t he t ask forces. Other possi bl e acti vity areas i nvesti gated i ncl uded Communi cat i ons, bot h wit hi n I SSMFE and wit h other related societi es; Technol ogy Transf er and t he 14. Bri ef presentati ons of their report s ( Appendi ces 2a to 2f) wer e made by potenti al f or t appi ng i nto t he aid i ndustry; and Publ i shi ng, keepi ng i n mind t he si x Vice-Presi dents. Professor Poul os not ed parti cularl y t he i ncrease i n that most successf ul l earned soci eti es have their own publ i shi ng capabi l ­ member shi p i n Australi a. He felt that t he comparat i vel y hi gh member shi ps ity. of Aust ral i a and New Zeal and coul d be attri buted i n part at l east to t he excell ent News j ournal s pr oduced by bot h Soci eti es. Professor I shahara 7. The Presi dent expressed t he need for a communi t y spiri t and reassurance advi sed that, i n addi t i on to this report, Israel had organi sed t hree seminars f r om t he meet i ng that I SSMFE was movi ng i n t he ri ght directi ons. It was attracti ng about 150 part i ci pants each, and a cooperati ve seminar of USSR essenti al that t he meet i ng shoul d express its vi ews, as Counci l Meet i ngs and Israeli geotechni cal engi neers had been hel d i n Moscow, wit h about wer e hel d onl y once every t wo years. New i deas f r om del egates woul d be 20 representati ves, f r om Israel and 100 f r om USSR. The 10th Southeast most wel come, and it was essenti al t oo that Member Soci eti es shoul d wor k Asi an Conf erence had been hel d i n Tai pei i n Apri l i n 1990 wit h about 500 acti vely to ensure that I SSMFE achi eved its goals. part i ci pants f r om 24 countri es. Thi s conf erence had al so host ed t he 1990 I SSMFE Boar d Meet i ng. Mr Donal dson distri buted copi es of Bull eti n No. 3 f or t he 10th Afri can Regi onal Conf er ence to t he meeti ng. He hoped to be abl e to t ap i nternati onal aid f or YGECs i n Afri ca as wel l as encourag-

245 i ng other confere nces i n Nor t h Afri ca. Prof essor Mitchel l poi nte d out that Nor t h Ameri ca now had one-third of the member shi p of I SSMFE. He 21. A secret ball ot t o deci de t he venue result ed i n a ti ed vot e wit h 21 votes attri bute d the substantial rise in the USA m ember shi p t o i ncl usi on of each. Act i ng i n accordance wit h Statute 12H, whi ch gi ves t he Chai r man a I SSMFE Member shi p on t he ASCE dues f orm, whi ch had to be st ruck out cast i ng vot e i n t he event of equali t y of votes, t he Presi dent consul t ed wit h by ASCE member s not wishi ng t o bel ong t o I SSMFE. Ther e was a hi gh Mr Ervi n and Professor Wit t ke and it was agreed that t he deci si on shoul d l evel of geotechni cal acti vi ty i n Canada and t he USA and Nor t h Amer i ca be made by t he t oss of a coin. The t oss result ed i n t he deci si on goi ng to host ed si x I SSMFE Techni cal Commit t ees. Professor Decourt dr ew part i c­ Ger many. ular att enti on to t he 9t h Panam Conf erence t o be hel d i n Vi na del Mar, August 26-30, 1991. Professor Smol t czyk hi ghl i ghted t he success of t he Eur opean YGECs and advi sed that after Li sbon i n 1992 t he f ol l owing TECHNI CAL COMMI TTEE ACTI VI TY YGEC woul d be i n Ger many about ei ghteen mont hs later. Eur opean Regi onal Techni cal Commit t ees had been very acti ve, wit h ETC1 on Stabil i sati on of Landsl i des produci ng a third vol ume of case records and 22. The Presi dent expl ai ned bri efl y t he process of sett i ng up t he Techni cal ETC8 on Geot echni cs of Landfi l l Desi gn and Remedi al Wor ks produci ng Commit t ees, whi ch was his responsi bil i ty. He had t aken advi ce f r om t he a bound vol ume of Techni cal Recommendat i ons. Other Regi onal previ ous and present Boards, f r om Member Soci eti es and f r om out goi ng Techni cal Commit t ees - ETC4 on Pressuremet er Test i ng, ETC6 on TC Chai rpersons i n deci di ng whi ch TCs wor ki ng under t he Previ ous Rei nf orced Soi l s and ETC7 on Numer i cal Met hods - had all been associ ­ Presi dent, Professor Broms, shoul d cont i nue their wor k, whi ch new TCs ated wit h recentl y hel d symposi a. shoul d be f ormed, and t he appropri ate Member Soci et y t o host each TC. Member Soci eti es agreei ng t o t ake on this responsi bi l i t y wer e t hen asked 15. The Presi dent t hanked t he Vice-Presi dents and congratul ated t hem on t he t o provi de t he names of t he TC Chai rperson and Secretary. Shortl i sts of l evel of acti vi ty i n their Regi ons. TC member s wer e t hen request ed f r om each Chai rperson and t hese lists ci rculated t o all Member Soci eti es, aski ng i f they wished t o add any names 16. I n his Regi onal Report Professor Smol t czyk dr ew att enti on t o t he vari ous t o t he lists. pr obl ems whi ch had ari sen as a result of poli ti cal changes i n East ern Eur opean Countri es, but agreed wit h del egates f r om Czechosl ovaki a, 23. Bri ef admini strati ve report s had been request ed f r om TC Chai rpersons and Hungar y, Pol and, USSR and Yugosl avi a that some modi f i cati ons woul d be t hese have been summar i sed i n Appendi x 3. made to his fi nal report. 24. The Presi dent conf i r med that wit h onl y a very smal l number of excepti ons 17. I n a reference t o appl i cati ons by Est oni a and Li t huani a f or i ndependent all t he TCs wer e acti vely wor ki ng t owards a product fall i ng basi call y member shi p of I SSMFE Dr. Hyechev i nf ormed t he meet i ng that he had wit hi n t hree possi bl e categori es. met i n Moscow wit h representati ves f r om all Republ i cs i n t he USSR and t here had been a general underst andi ng that a sol ut i on of the pr obl ems wit h (a) Organi sat i on of a symposi um. A number of mor e mat ur e TCs wer e respect to member shi p of I SSMFE by engi neers i n t he USSR shoul d wai t wor ki ng t owards this product as shown i n Appendi x 3. unti l poli ti cal pr obl ems had been sol ved. Not all del egates to t he meet i ng agreed wit h this. He recogni sed that t he USSR member shi p di d not refl ect (b) Part i ci pati on i n a parall el sessi on at t he X III ICSMFE i n New D el hi, t he number of geotechni cal engi neers i n t he USSR wi shi ng t o be member s, January 1 994. but t he present met hod of payi ng I SSMFE member shi p f ees t hrough a gover nment body l i mit ed t he number of member s and di d not al l ow differ­ (c) Presentati on of a paper to be i ncl uded i n the Proceedi ngs of t he XIII enti ati on bet ween republi cs. The mat t er was under cont i nui ng st udy and ICSMFE under t he President’s all ocati on of pages. he woul d advi se I SSMFE i n f uture what act i ons he fel t shoul d be t aken. 25. Dr. Crud en asked about t he procedure by whi ch TCs woul d be consul te d 18. Professor Wol sl ri t old t he meet i ng that payment s f or t he Pol i sh Member about part i ci pati on i n t he XIII ICSMFE. Hi s TC had not yet received such Soci et y to I SSMFE had been made i n t he past by t he Nat i onal Techni cal an i nvitati on. In repl y the President conf i r med that t he pr ogramm e f or t he Soci ety and this had l i mit ed t he I SSMFE member shi p t o 120. Thi s was XIII ICSMFE had onl y j ust been f i rmed up at t he CAC meeti ng t hree days goi ng t o change, however, and i n f uture anyone wishi ng t o be a member earlier and i nvi tati ons t o appropri ate T Cs t o part i ci pate would be sent to coul d make their own contri buti on, but t he mai n payment woul d still come them i n the n ext si x mont hs. f r om t he Nat i onal Commit t ee. Professor Wol ski t ook t he opport uni t y to express hi s t hanks t o t he Itali an Organi si ng Commi ttee f or off eri ng hi m a 26. Professor Lef ebvTe prai sed t he wor k of the TCs and th e product s t hey wer e r educed registrati on f ee maki ng possi bl e his att endance at t he X ECSMFE. produci ng. He sai d t hese should be bett er publicis ed as part of t he benefits received by I SSMFE Member s. The Presi dent agreed and advi sed Professor Lef ebvTe t hat he had asked t he Task f orce on Corporat e VENUE FOR XTVICSMFE, 1997 Member shi p, whi ch had now compl et ed that task, t o prepare a document on member shi p of I SSMFE and possi bl e benefi ts.

19. Presentati ons offer i ng t o host t he XTV I CSMFE i n 1 997 wer e made by Mr Ervi n on behal f of Aust ral i an Geomechani cs societ y and Prof essor Wittke XIII I CSMFE, J ANUARY 5- 10, 1994, NEW DELHI on behal f of the D eut sche Gesel l schaft f ur Erd- und Gni ndbau. The respec­ tive venues pr oposed wer e Mel bourn e and Hambur g. Sl id es and vi deos wer e used by bot h speakers i n maki ng thei r prese ntati ons. 27. Professor Gul hat i report ed on t he pl anni ng progress f or t he X III ICSMFE. The Conf er ence Advi sor y Commit tee had met t hree ti mes and approved 20. Mr. Rat hmayer ask ed f or conf i rmat i on f r om bot h Mr. Ervi n and Prof essor the general f r amewor k and venue. A t echnical pr ogr amme consi st i ng of Wittke that a surcharge of 5 % payable t o I SSMFE be added t o t he regis­ si x ple nary sessi ons and t wel ve parallel sessi ons had been agree d and trati on f ee and that t here woul d be si mul t aneous t ransl ati on at all sessi ons. appropri ate sessi on le aders id entifie d. These persons woul d now be Bot h conf i r med that t he surcharge woul d be added. The Secretary General contacte d t o conf i rm thei r acceptanc e. Bul l eti n 1 had been sent to Member advi sed t hat Statute 3D requi red onl y that si mul t aneous transl ati on shoul d Societ i es i n Apri l 1 991 and Bul let i n 2 wit h t he t echnical pr ogr amme and be provi ded at pl enary sessi ons, but at t he discret i on of t he Conf erence call f or papers would t o out i n January 1 992. The fi nal bullet i n woul d be Advi sor y Commit t ee and t he Conf er ence Organi si ng Commit t ee may be distri bute d i n January 1 993. Some pre-registrati on f or ms had al ready been provi ded at other sel ect ed sessi ons. Bot h presenters agreed t o this. received. The Conf er ence Secretari at now had a Fax as wel l as t el ephone

246 and post bag to facil i tate communi cat i on. Member shi p.

28. Professor Zol kov ask ed f or confi rmati on that anyone wi shi ng to atte nd 37. I mpl ement at i on of t he scheme woul d now go ahead; but havi ng regard to woul d be abl e t o obtai n a visa. Prof essor Gul hati repli ed that al t hough at t he i nterests of Member Soci eti es, many of whom had their own corporate the moment vi sas wer e not i ssued to offi cial del egates f r om Israel and S out h member s, I SSMFE Corporat e Member shi p woul d be l i mit ed to organi sa­ Afri ca, i ndi vi duals f r om t hose countries could get vi sas, but he stressed t i ons such as Consul t ants, Contract ors, and Suppl i ers who operated i nter­ that appl i cati on shoul d be made wel l i n advance. nati onall y. Member Soci eti es wil l be asked t o assist by suggest i ng names of possi bl e corporate member s i n their own countri es, wit h t he names of contact persons wit hi n t hese organisati ons. Lists of t hese organi sati ons PERMANENT COORDINATING S ECRETARI AT woul d t hen be prepared, and a number of strategical l y pl aced point member s asked to mai l t o t hese organisati ons, wit hi n their area, a docu­ ment expl ai ni ng corporate member shi p, its benefi t s and a si mpl e f or m on 29. The S ecretary of t he PCS, Professor d e Beer, made an outl i ne presentati on whi ch t he contact persons coul d make their response. of his report ( Appendi x 4). He stressed t he pr obl ems of si ster S ociet y coop­ erati on i n Techni cal Commi ttee or Commi ssi on acti vities ari si ng bom t he 38. I n t he document to potenti al corporate member s t he benefi t s of such differe nt Pr esidenti al peri ods. member shi p woul d be presented, i ncl udi ng part i ci pat i on i n I SSMFE acti v­ ities, and a card entry i n t he I SSMFE member shi p di rectory. It woul d also 30. Prof essor Oliveira, President of I AEG, compli mente d Prof essor d e Beer be made cl ear that t he revenue woul d be used t o f und new or speci al i niti a­ on t he wor k of t he PCS and assure d t he meeti ng that I AEG woul d be seek­ ti ves and projects, and not for routi ne admini strati on of I SSMFE. Exampl es i ng t o f urt her strengthen its rel ati onship wit h I SSMFE and I SRM. He of such i niti ati ves wer e t he Model Li brary and YGECs i n devel opi ng coun­ t hought mor e j oint commit t ees coul d be est abl i shed and not ed that seven tries. of t he I SSMFE TCs wer e wor ki ng i n areas of i nterest to I AEG. The Presi dent t hanked hi m f or t hese comment s. 39. I n answer to vari ous poi nts raised by t he del egates t he Presi dent agreed that t here woul d be some pr obl ems i n dr awing up t he list of potenti al corpo­ 31. The Presi dent advi sed t he meet i ng that Professor de Beer woul d be reli n­ rate member s. I n some countri es it woul d be easy, such as t he UK whi ch qui shi ng his posi t i on as Secretary of t he PCS after t he next meet i ng on publ i shed a geotechni cal directory, but i n other countri es such as t he USA June 14, 1991. He t hanked hi m f or t he endl ess devot i on he had gi ven to it woul d be mor e diffi cult. He conf i r med that at t he moment t here was no this task. The Bel gi an Gover nment woul d be conti nui ng its support , and provi si on i n t he statutes f or representati on of corporate member s on t he he had accept ed t he off er by t he Bel gi an Member Soci et y that Professor Counci l but, if appropri ate, a by- l aw coul d be i ntroduced i n due course. He Lousber g shoul d t ake up t he posi t i on of Secretary of PCS. concl uded that t here was a st rong support by t he meet i ng f or Corporat e Member shi p as proposed and that he woul d t herefore be goi ng ahead wit h executi on of t he scheme. BOARD TASK FORCES - REPORTS BY PRESI DENT

(c) Technol ogy Transf er and Ai d (a) Communi cat i ons

40. The Presi dent est i mated t he i nternati onal ai d i ndust ry t o amount t o about 32. The TF on Communi cat i ons had eval uated I SSMFE News and decl ared 40 to 50 bil l i on doll ars a year, most l y on a bil ateral basi s. Fundi ng i s usuall y i tself happy wit h t he content and styl e at present. Edit ori al correspondent s on a request l ed basis. The TF has coll ected i nformati on on donor coun­ had been i denti fi ed i n each of t he Regi ons t o assist Dr Pany and this, tri es and organi sati ons and al so on possi bl e recipi ents. Thi s wor k is conti n­ t ogether wit h i ncreased acti vity i n I SSMFE, was l i kely t o l ead i n t he near uing. The next phase wil l be to encourage t wo or t hree Member Soci eti es f uture to a l arger I SSMFE News or mor e f requent publ i cati on. t o enter i nto t he process, so that I SSMFE can l earn f r om this t he most eff ec­ ti ve procedures by whi ch t o t ap i nto this aid. 33. The mai n concern of t he TF had been t he consi derati on of an effecti ve i nformat i on retri eval syst em. Two I SRM nominees, Mr s. L. R. Aust ri aco 41. Professor Smol t czyk conf i r med that he woul d be sendi ng out furt her l etters of AI T and Dr. Spencer of I mperi al Col l ege London had j oi ned t hem i n seeki ng i nformat i on on possi bl e donors. Att empt s woul d al so be made to this task. It was expect ed that I AEG nominees woul d also j oin t he gr oup eli cit i nf ormati on on experi ences, posi t i ve or negat i ve, i n at t empti ng to shortl y. The mai n concl usi on of t he report by this TF was that I SSMFE, i mpl ement projects. Event ual l y it shoul d be possi bl e f or I SSMFE to I SRM, and I AEG shoul d combi ne to pr oduce and mai nt ai n an updat ed produce a manual or gui de, wit h exampl es of actual projects, gi vi ng detail s dat abase of databases, whi ch woul d al l ow prospect i ve usei s to select t he of how t o use t he syst em effecti vely. speci f i c database(s) whi ch met their requi rement s at any speci f i c ti me. Thi s woul d be di scussed at t he PCS meet i ng on June 14 next. 42. Professor I shi hara expl ai ned that he had sent quest i onnai res t o 20 possi ­ bl e reci pient countri es and had recei ved seven responses, all of whom i ndi­ 34. Mr. Donal dson conf i r med t he Presi dent’s report and said that t he TF hoped cated a wil l i ngness to recei ve aid. He wil l be sendi ng out f urt her ques­ t o compl et e t he t ask wit hi n t he next year. t i onnaires aski ng possi bl e reci pients mor e speci fi call y what sort of projects t hey woul d l i ke f unded. 35. The Presi dent expressed his appreci ati on of t he val uabl e i nput f r om t he t wo I SRM nominees. 43. The Presi dent said that he expect ed t he Boar d woul d be t abli ng a fi nal report i n about 2 years t i me, but anyone wishi ng to have a copy of t he present i nteri m report shoul d contact t he I SSMFE Secretari at. He (b) Cor por at e Member shi p r eminded t he meet i ng that t he report woul d onl y be as good as t he i nput f r om t he Member Soci eti es made it.

36. The TF on Corporat e Member shi p had been asked t o prepare a r ecom­ 44. Professor Mackechni e told t he meet i ng that t he Uni versi t y of Zi mbabwe mendat i on on whet her or not I SSMFE shoul d i ntroduce Corporat e had deri ved consi derabl e benefi t s f r om ai d i n areas such as suppl ement i ng Member s, whi ch t he Statutes al ready permit t ed. I n a report to t he 1990 l ocal salari es f or universi t y staffi ng, obtai ni ng equi pment , mid-career train­ Boar d Meet i ng i n Tai pei t he TF r ecommended i n f avour of Corporat e i ng and i n t he est abl i shment of speci f i c depart ment s. He wel comed t he

247 I SSMFE i niti ati ve as he woul d l i ke to see greater benefi t s goi ng i nto Rat hmayer suggest ed that I SSMFE publ i cati ons coul d be publ i ci sed by geotechni ca) areas. i ncl udi ng refereed report s on t hem i n I SSMFE News. Dr Wahl s saw an advant age i n i ncreased avail abil i ty and knowi ng wher e to go to get publ i ­ 45. Professor Anagnost i made speci f i c ment i on of t he need to offer assi stance cati ons, whi ch was one of t he present diffi culti es. Professor Smol t czyk to compani es i n devel opi ng countri es i n t he t raining of their engi neeri ng raised t he possi bil i ty of republ i shi ng f amous books now out of pri nt. Fr om staff. Envi r onment al geot echnol ogy was an area pi n-poi nted by Professor his experi ence wit h t he IX ECSMFE i n Dubl i n 1 987 Mr Grace advi sed that Wol ski i n whi ch many countri es woul d wel come support and advi ce. ISSMFE could get consi derabl e revenue by provi di ng seed money for Professor Gul hati also expressed support f or t he scheme, parti cularl y as confere nces and i n consequence taki ng a port i on of t he profits. many Nati onal Soci eti es have onl y margi nal experi ence i n this acti vity. 52. The President conf i r med that t he Board will be consi deri ng this matter 46. The Presi dent concl uded that t he meet i ng support ed t he i niti ati ves bei ng further, parti cularl y i n t he li ght of t he helpful comment s f rom the Counci l t aken i n this area by I SSMFE and cl earl y wished t he TF t o conti nue its delegates. It woul d be n ecessary to have a bi ndi ng agreeme nt wit h a work. speci fi c publ i sher and this meant Member S ociet i es reli nqui shi ng some of their prese nt freedom i n maki ng publ i shi ng arrangement s. They shoul d refl ect on this. A draft proposal woul d be prepare d by t he end of t he n ext (d) Publ i shi ng Boar d Meet i ng i n August 1992 and ci rculated to Member S ociet i es t ogether wi th the relevant mot i on to be put t o t he n ext Counci l Meeti ng i n January 1 994. 47. Unl i ke most l eadi ng schol arl y organi sati ons I SSMFE gets no fi nanci al return f r om its publ i cati ons to hel p support its l earned acti viti es. I SSMFE member s wri t e t he materi al, prepare it f or publi cat i on, buy it and read it, (e) Educat i on but deri ve no f i nanci al benefi t f or it. A Task Force had been f or med to i nves­ ti gate t he possi bil i ty of I SSMFE bei ng mor e proact i ve i n t he publ i cati on of materi al whi ch it generates. 53. Prof essor Poul os li ste d the f our ar e as of acti vi ty that t he I SSMFE Boar d at its meet i ng i n 1990 i n Tai pei had pr oposed that I SSMFE shoul d pursue 48. Request s f or proposal s had been sent out to fi ve i nternati onal publ i shi ng i n t aki ng a mor e acti ve role i n geotechni cal educat i on. These wer e houses aski ng t hem for proposal s based on t wo possi bl e broad arrange­ ments: (i) t he est abl i shment of model curri cula f or undergraduat e courses i n geotechni cs (i) a r evenue shari ng agr eement i n whi ch costs and revenues are spli t bet ween t he publ i sher and I SSMFE (ii) t he devel opment and di sseminati on of i nf ormat i on on suit able experi ­ ment s and demonst rat i ons f or t hese courses (ii) a royalt y agr eement i n whi ch I SSMFE recei ves a percent age on book sales. (iii) t he coll ecti on and di sseminati on of suit able audi o-vi sual materi al for t hese courses The publ i shers wer e asked to base their proposal s on a f our year cycl e embr aci ng t he proceedi ngs of one I nternati onal Conf erence, fi ve Regi onal (i v) t he devel opment of annot at ed lists of suit able texts. conf erences and fi ve Speci al t y Conf erences. Prel i minary i nformat i on had al ready been gat hered t hrough soli ci tati ons 49. It was proposed to bri ng a posi t i ve proposal to t he next Counci l Meet i ng by Vice-Presi dents t o i nsti tuti ons i n their Regi ons. I nf ormat i on had been i n New Delhi , January 1994, whi ch woul d be i n t he f or m of a bi ndi ng recei ved f r om Nor t h Amer i ca, Sout h Amer i ca and Aust rali a. Thi s process contract wit h a speci fi c publi sher. I n t he meant i me a document sett i ng up was conti nui ng and it was hoped this woul d l ead t o not a si ngl e curri cu­ t he proposal woul d be pr oduced and f orwarded t o Member Soci eti es i n l um, but a number of model curri cula whi ch shoul d be parti cularl y useful good t i me before t he Counci l Meet i ng. Wher e a Member Soci et y or some f or devel opi ng countri es, but recogni sed that different curri cula may be other body such as a Sister Soci ety was i nvol ved i n t he conf erence or suit ed t o different countri es. It was i ntended, too, t o prepare a catal ogue of symposi um produci ng t he publi cati on, t hen an equi t abl e r evenue shari ng experi ment s and demonst rat i ons i l l ustrati ng geotechni cal pri nci ples. A arr angement woul d have t o be agreed. I SSMFE coul d expect t o deri ve number of Techni cal Commit t ees had been asked to prepare sets of anno­ r evenue of about US$50, 000 per annum f r om this source. t ated sl i des and had r esponded positi vely. The f ourt h obj ect i ve of devel ­ opi ng annot at ed lists of suit able texts was t he most diffi cult, but it shoul d 50. Professor Mit chel l conf i r med that publ i shers had submit t ed posi t i ve and be a st rai ghtf orward matt er to provi de lists of texts suit able f or speci fi c encouragi ng responses to t he I SSMFE request f or proposal s f r om t hem. It ci rcumst ances. One sessi on at t he X IIIICSMFE would be d evot ed to this was cl ear f r om t hese that a cost shari ng basi s coul d pr oduce mor e revenue, t opic i n whi ch t he fi ndi ngs of t he Task Force will be d ebate d. but wit h i ncreased ri sk. It woul d be possi bl e to i nt roduce a royalt y arrange­ ment by acti vati ng and ext endi ng t he resoluti on of t he 1983 I SSMFE 54. In reply t o a suggesti on f r om Professor Anagnost i that this may be wor k­ Execut i ve Commit t ee Meet i ng i n Pari s th?t “ a smal l port i on of revenues i ng t owards an expert system Dr. Poul os sai d that the present process of f r om sales of t he Proceedi ngs of t he I nternati onal Conf erences of I SSMFE gatheri ng and synthesi si ng i nformat i on was at a much more el ement ary and f r om fi nal, or state-of-the-art, report s of I SSMFE Techni cal level t han this. Commit t ees shoul d accrue to I SSMFE” . Judgi ng f r om responses recei ved Professor Mit chel l felt that royalt i es of ' 10% might wel l be possi ble. 55. Prof essor Fernand es r ecommended that vi deos should be col l ected as well as sl i des and Dr. Poul ous agree d wit h this. 51. I n di scussi on Dr. Cruden raised t he poi nt that an arr angement wit h a si ngle publ i sher as envi saged woul d gi ve I SSMFE publ i cati ons a posi t i ve i den­ 56. Dr. Ra t hmayer stressed the lack of e ducati onal pr ogr ammes f or geot ech­ tity whi ch t hey do not have when diff erent publ i cat i ons are pr oduced by nical l aboratory and fiel d tech nici ans. Dr. Poul os concurre d st rongl y wit h different publ i shi ng houses. It woul d also be easi er t o ensure publ i cati ons this and hoped that this pr oblem would be addr esse d i n the f uture as part of a consi stentl y hi gh qual i t y Professor Zol kov was concerned that after of I SSMFE’s on goi ng efforts on Educa t i on. admini st rati on costs not very much woul d r emai n f r om $50, 000 doll ars per annum i ncome and t hought t here may be other ways of raisi ng f unds, such 57. Prof essor Komomi k compl i mente d the T F on its wor k and l ooked f orward as a percent age f or approvi ng and moni t ori ng sponsor ed conferences. Dr. to its bei ng ext ended i nto other ar e as i n t he future. S ensi ng st rong support

248 i n t he meeti ng f or this acti vity t he President advi sed that he l ooked t owards ad symposi a to Spani sh speaki ng devel opi ng countri es f ree of charge. He a resolut i on of this first part of t he wor k i n t wo years’ t i me. also r ecommended that a wel l known soil mechani cs text i n Spani sh by Sal as et al shoul d be distri buted, al t hough copi es of this coul d not be obtai ned free of cost, but probabl y at a r educed pri ce. Al t hough t he present INTERNATI ONAL AFFI LI ATI ONS phase of t he Model Li brary Scheme was l i mit ed to di stri buti ng basi c texts, as ment i oned previ ousl y by t he Presi dent, other del egates, i ncl udi ng Professor Dicourt and Professor de Mel l o, support ed t he i dea of distri but­ 58. The Presi dent conf i rmed that t he Boar d had been keepi ng under revi ew the i ng t he Spani sh proceedi ngs. ( Subsequent to t he Counci l Meet i ng t he possi bil i ty of I SSMFE j oi ni ng or affi l i ati ng wit h suit able i nternati onal Secretary General spoke wit h Dr. Escari o and agreed that t he present phase umbrel l a organisati ons. An appli cati on had been made f or affi l i ati on to t he of t he Model Li brary Scheme shoul d be ext ended to di stri bute free copi es I nternati onal Uni on of Geol ogi cal Soci eti es ( I UGS) t o whi ch LAEG of Spani sh proceedi ngs to suit able reci pients and that this woul d be done al ready bel onged and to whi ch he underst ood I SRM woul d also be seek­ t hrough t he I SSMFE Secretari at. It was also agreed that Dr. Escari o woul d i ng affi l i ati on. However , affi l i ati on to I UGS woul d not meet t he I SSMFE expl ore t he possi bil i ty of obtai ni ng t he Sal as text at a reduced pri ce whi ch need f or i nternati onal i denti fi cati on on t he engi neeri ng and t echnol ogi cal woul d al l ow it to be purchased and distri buted wit hi n t he I SSMFE Model si de of its acti viti es, whi ch might be met by j oi ni ng t he Uni on of Li brary budget). I nternati onal Techni cal Associ ati ons ( UITA) or t he Wor l d Federati on of Engi neeri ng Organi sati ons ( WFEO). MERCER LECTURE 59. Presenti ng his report ( Appendi x 5) t he Secretary Genera] said he hoped I SSMFE affi l i ati on to I UGS woul d be conf i rmed at t he I UGS Counci l Meet i ng i n 1992. Ther e is no member shi p f ee f or affi l i ated member shi p of 67. Aft er a bri ef revi ew by t he Presi dent of t he events l eadi ng to t he est ab­ I UGS. Wit h encour agement f r om UNESCO, UI TA and WFEO had set up l i shment of t he Mcr cer Lect ure (a name associ ated wi t h “ merceri sed” a Joint Execut i ve Commit t ee ( JEC) t o undert ake Tasks of mut ual i nterest. cott on and t he man who i nvented “ t ensar” ) t he Secret ary General Close contact was bei ng mai nt ai ned wit h bot h UI TA and WFEO, whi ch presented his report ( Appendi x 7) and conf i rmed that t he first Mer cer woul d probabl y l ead t o our j oi ning one of t hese organi sati ons at a suitable Lect ure woul d be gi ven by Professor Koerner at t hree venues - t i me. Washi ngt on, London and Kyushu - at dates bet ween February and June 1992. 60. I n di scussi on Professor Feda ment i oned that t he I nt emat i onaL Uni on of Appl i ed and Sci enti fi c Mechani cs might also be a sui table body f or 68. Professor Togrol poi nted out that this was i n some measur e a promot i onal I SSMFE t o consi der j oining. Professor Verruij t asked about t he possi bil ­ exerci se f or t he Net l on company and that t here shoul d t herefore hae been i ty of I SSMFE havi ng direct member shi p of I SCU rather t han t hrough some bargai ni ng wit h t hem. Bot h t he Presi dent and Professor McGown, I UGS, but t he Presi dent advi sed hi m that this was not possi ble. He also Chai r man of t he Mer cer Lect ure Sel ect i on Commit t ee, assured hi m that said that al t hough a Uni on of Geot echni cal Soci eti es was not wor kabl e at t here had been some st rong bargai ni ng fi rstl y i n persuadi ng t he company t he moment , it may be i n t he future. t o co-sponsor it, gett i ng a ten year commit ment f r om t hem, and wit h respect t o representati on on t he Sel ect i on Commit t ee. Professor McGown also told t he meet i ng that t he next Mer cer Lect ure woul d be hel d at different l oca­ MODEL LI BRARY t i ons i n different countri es to t he first l ecture.

61. The Presi dent r eminded t he meet i ng that t he Model Li brary Scheme had I NTERNATI ONAL DECADE FOR NATURAL DI SASTER been i niti ated by t he previ ous Boar d under t he Presi dency of Professor REDUCTI ON Broms. The present Board, at its l ast meet i ng i n Tai pei, had del egated part of its budget t o i mpl ement t he project. 69. The Presi dent revi ewed t he i niti ati ves whi ch had l ed to t he Uni t ed Nat i ons 62. The Secretary General presented his report ( Appendi x 6) and conf i rmed approvi ng t he I DNDR. I mpl ement at i on had been sl ower t han anti ci pated that a start had been made wit h i mpl ement i ng t he project, wit hi n a present owi ng i n part to other distracti ng i nternati onal events. A smal l secretari at budget of US$10, 000. The UK list of books had al ready been sent to 21 had now been est abl i shed at t he offi ces of UNDRO i n Geneva. Act i vi t y reci pients who had r esponded t o a quest i onnai re sent out by Professor woul d be mai nl y at Nati onal and Binati onal l evel, and to a l esser extent at Hol t z and it was anti ci pated that t hese reci pients woul d also be recei vi ng Internati onal l evel. Names and addresses of Nati onal Commit t ees for t he US books i n t he near future. I DNDR whi ch Member Soci eti es coul d contact wer e i ncl uded wit h the papers i ssued to delegates. At t he moment t here wer e no f unds f or compl ex 63. Dr. Brenner asked i f a number of copi es of proceedi ngs of I SSMFE coul d Mul t i -nati onal projects. The Techni cal Commit t ees on Landsl i des and not be made avail able f ree of charge to t he Model Li brary Scheme. The Eart hquakes had been asked to mai nt ai n a bri ef on pr oposed projects and Presi dent expl ai ned that at t he moment t he scheme was confi ned to under­ some recogni t i on of t he Decade wil l be i ncorporated i nto t he pr ogr amme graduat e texts, but i n t he f uture it may be ext ended to i ncl ude mor e f or t he X IIIICSMFE i n New Del hi. I SSMFE was posi t i oni ng itself t hrough advanced materi al. Havi ng our own publ i cati on arr angement coul d be t he Secretary General to ensure part i ci pati on i n projects to whi ch t he benefi ci al i n this. Soci ety coul d usefull y contri bute.

64. Professor Nuyens’ suggest i on that French speaki ng texts shoul d be 70. The Secretary General presented his report on I DNDR ( Appendi x 8). Thi s i ncl uded dr ew a request f r om t he Presi dent that t he French speaki ng lists t hree projects approved by t he Sci enti fi c and Techni cal Commit t ee of Member Soci eti es consi der i niti ati ng such a scheme. Professor Nuyens t he I DNDR Secretari at, to be undert aken by t he UI TA/ WFEO Joint conf i rmed that he woul d speak t o t he Bel gi an Commit t ee on this. Execut i ve Commit t ee. A Task Commit t ee had been set up by t he JEC to f or m wor ki ng groups to t ackl e t hese t asks and, wher e relevant, to l i aise 65. Professor Dicourt stressed that, as he had previ ousl y suggest ed, donati ons wit h 1CSU on other projects. Megaci t i es was an exampl e of such a j oint of subscri pti ons to modem geotechni cal j ournal s woul d be most helpful to project wit h I CSU. One of t he t hree wor ki ng groups set up by t he many of t he Member Soci eti es i n his Regi on. UI TA/ WFEO Task Commit t ee f or I DNDR is concerned wit h t he desi gn, const ruct i on and modi f i cati on of bui l di ngs and structures to wit hst and 66. Dr. Escari o off ered to send copi es of proceedi ngs of Spani sh conf erences eart hquakes and/or ext r eme winds. I SSMFE had al ready been asked to

249 desi gnate a correspo ndent to wor k wit h this group. I SSMFE Member shi p fees:

71. Dr. Crad en expresse d di sappoi nt ment at the abs ence of Landsl i des in the list of proposed projects. Other speakers mai nt ai ned omissi ons and Mot i on 1 mist akes in the UN list of I DNDR N ati onal Commit tees, t he nominat e d TUrki sh Commit tee, f or example, had been abol i shed five y ears ago. Dr. Il yi chev advi sed that t he USSR wer e pursui ng several I DNDR The Group Number ( GN) f or det ermini ng I SSMFE Member Soci ety f ees pr ogr ammes at N ati onal level. f or 1992 and unti l f urt her noti ce wil l be det ermined on t he basi s of Gross Nati onal Product ( GNP) as gi ven i n Tabl e 1, but adj ust ed accordi ng to 72. The President re iterat e d the n eed f or Member S ociet i es to get i nvol ved i n GNP/capi t a as gi ven i n Tabl e 2. I n det ermini ng GNP and GNP/capi t a t he their Nati onal pr ogr ammes. most recentl y avail able fi gures i n t he Wor l d Bank At l as wil l be used.

ACCOUNTS Mot i on 2

73. A review of t he I SSMFE account s f or 1989, 1990 was gi ven by t he I SSMFE Member Soci ety f ees f or 1992 and unti l f urt her noti ce wil l be Secretary General ( Appendi x 9). Ther e was no discussi on. A proposal by det ermined by t he f ormul a: Mr. Donal dson t o accept t he account s was seconded by Professor Mackechni e and earned unani mousl y. Member Soci ety f ee = 195GN + 6M Swiss Francs

wher e GN is t he Group Number and M i s t he number of i ndivi dual BUDGET member s i n t he Member Soci et y bel ongi ng to I SSMFE.

The cal culated f ee wil l be subj ect to t he f ol l owing qual i f yi ng factors: 74. I n presenti ng t he budget ( Appendi x 10) f or 1991- 4, Professor Jamiol kowski descri bed it essenti all y as a revi si on and ext ensi on of t he (a) The annual f ee f or any Member Soci ety shoul d not be l ess t han 300 budget approved at t he 1989 Counci l Meet i ng. He advi sed some cauti on Swiss Francs i n l ooki ng at t he 1990 audi t ed account s as relati vel y l ow expendi t ure on travell i ng was not l i kely to be repeated and t he receipts i ncl uded a l arge (b) The annual f ee f or any Member Soci ety, di vi ded by t he Number of sum f r om t he X IIICSMFE. Th e pr oposed budget cont ai ned an i nfl ati on­ Member s, shoul d not exceed 35 Swiss Francs. ary el ement of about 5% to 10% per annum on expe ndi t ures. It was assumed that t he n ew f ee structure would be i n operati on. All years showed 81. I n speaki ng t o t hese mot i ons t he Secretary Gener al present ed his report deficits with the excepti on of 1 994, when there should be a substanti al ( Appendi x 11) and stressed that t he purpose of Mot i on 1 was t o pl ace mor e amount rece ived f r om t he XIII ICSMFE i n New D elhi. emphasi s on GNP/capi t a and t he purpose of Mot i on 2 was t o i ncrease f ees overall by about 15%. 75. Acceptanc e of t he budget was pr oposed by Prof essor Togrol and seconded by Mr. Martinetti. 82. Poi nts made by del egates i n di scussi on of Mot i on 1 i ncl uded t he need for mor e up-t o-date and reali sti c data of GNP/capi t a and real salari es, t aki ng 76. Conc erns reg ardi ng budget ed i ncre ases i n admini st rati ve expenses wer e proper account of exchange rates. Some quest i ons wer e raised wit h regard expressed by Prof essor Nuyens and Prof essor Petrasovi t s, bot h of whom to t he l ower l i mit of SFr 300 i n Mot i on 2 as this coul d mean relati vely hi gh asked that no i ncre ases i n S ecretari al expe nses should be al l owed f or i n t he i ndivi dual member shi p f ees f or smal l countri es. It was poi nt ed out, budget, t he President respo nded that t he changes in secretari al costs had however, that t aki ng Par aguay as an exampl e t he new f ormul a meant a al re ady been approved i n the 1989 budget, f r om whi ch the present budget reduct i on i n their member shi p fee. evol ved. He also rem i nded the meeti ng that much of t he trav el by Boar d Member s and t he Secret ari at had been f i nanced f r om other sources and this 83. A vote to accept Mot i on 1 was carri ed by 34 vot es i n f avour t o 2 against. was, i n effect, a subsi dy e nj oyed by I SSMFE. 84. A vote to accept Mot i on 2 was carri ed by 35 vot es i n f avour to 1 against. 77. Professor Togrol sai d that I SSMFE must consi der t he f unds it needed f or its f uture work. He told t he meet i ng that of t he fi ve i nternati onal soci eti es i n whi ch he was i nvol ved I SSMFE was t he most economi cal l y run. VI SI TI NG LECTURE SCHEME

78. Some concerns wer e also raised duri ng this i t em wit h respect to t he diffi ­ culti es some countri es had wit h t he payment of fees. Professor Feda dr ew 85. The Presi dent r eminded t he meet i ng that a Visi t i ng Lect ure Scheme had attenti on to t he l arge di f f erences i n fees/capita, poi nti ng out that t he f i gure been i ntroduced, operat ed t hrough t he Secretari at, and that gui del i nes of 28 SFr/ capi t a f or Czechosl ovaki a was high. The Presi dent agreed that descri bi ng t he scheme had been sent t o all Member Soci eti es. t here wer e some probl ems, part i cularl y wit h respect to t he dif f erence bet ween real and apparent Gross Nati onal Product s. He said that t he Secretary General had been grant ed a degree of fl exi bil i ty by hi msel f and XI ECSMFE, COP ENHAGEN 1995 t he Boar d to hel p deal wit h this probl em.

79. A vote t o accept t he budget was carri ed by 34 vol es i n f avour to 2 against. 86. Professor Oliveri a note d that t he t heme of t he XI ECSMFE to be held i n Copenhagen i n 1 995 was th e I nterpl ay bet ween Geot echni cal Engi neeri ng and Engi neeri ng Geol ogy. He off ered the cooperat i on and sponsorshi p of REVI SI ON OF I SSMFE MEMBERSHI P FEES I AEG f or this confere nce. Th e President asked Prof essor S mol t czyk, Vice- President for Euro pe, to contact t he Dani sh Organi si ng Commit tee on this.

80. The Presi dent pr oposed t wo mot i ons f r om the chai r concerni ng future

250 VOTE OF THANKS Immedi atel y after t he 1989 Counci l Meeti ng t he Bangl adesh S ociet y for Geot echni cal Engi neeri ng submit te d the necessary papers f or I SSMFE member shi p. These wer e i n order and their member shi p is now confi rmed. 87. Professor Togrol proposed a vole of t hanks l o t he Ita l i an Member S ociet y Bangl adesh has 55 i ndi vi dual member s. f or host i ng t he Counci l Meeti ng and t he confere nce to foll ow. Thi s was carrie d wit h accl amati on. The suspensi on on SEMSI R, t he Ecuador Soci ety of I SSMFE, was l i fted at the 1989 Counci l Meet i ng and a letter, dat ed 4 Sept ember 1989, was sent to SEMSI R advi si ng t hem of this. NEXT MEETING The GDR Commit t ee f or Soil Mechani cs and Foundat i on Engi neeri ng was di ssol ved i n 1990 and its member s i nvi t ed to j oi n t he Deut sche Gesel l schaft 88. The n ext I SSMFE Counci l Meet i ng wil l be hel d i n New Del hi on 4 January, fur Erd- und Grundbau, to consti t ute a si ngl e Ger man I SSMFE Member 1994. Soci ety.

NEW MEMBER SOCI ETY MEMBERSHI P ENQUI RI ES

89. The Secretary General f ormal l y wel comed Romani a i nto member shi p of Enqui ri es regardi ng member shi p have been recei ved f r om Albani a, Algeri a, I SSMFE. Jordan and Romani a. Lett ers have been sent t o each of these advi si ng t he proce­ dures t o be f ol l owed i n appl yi ng f or member shi p. As t he f ormer Romani an Soci ety, whose member shi p of I SSMFE was annul l ed i n 1987, is now defunct, VI DEOS t he newly f or med Romani an Soci ety f or Soil Mechani cs and Foundat i on Engi neeri ng wil l be consi dered as a new Member Soci et y i n appl yi ng for member shi p, and t hus not responsi bl e f or t he debts of t he previ ous Member 90. On cl osi ng t he meet i ng t he Presi dent expl ai ned that I SSMFE has entered Soci ety. The new Romani an Member Soci ety has also been advi sed that it i nto an agr eement wit h publ i sher Bi Tech to pr oduce vi deos of l eadi ng woul d be possi bl e for I SSMFE to al l ow it a t wo year mor at or i um on f ees after geotechni cal engi neers on a cost and revenue shari ng basi s. These woul d bei ng admit t ed as a Member Soci ety. come under t he general title of “ Leaders of Geot echni cal Engi neeri ng” . Two vi deos had al ready been made f eaturi ng Dr. Peck who had donat ed his t i me f ree of charge. The first, enti tl ed “ Engi neeri ng Judgement ” was avail able and woul d be shown after t he end of t he meet i ng f or t hose wish­ i ng t o stay and see it. It woul d retail at about $250. The second, “ Learni ng f r om t he Ground” , woul d be avail able by t he end of June and woul d retail at about $400 t o $450.

91. A number of Counci l Member s comment ed f avourabl y on this i niti ati ve and t he Presi dent sai d that he sensed their support f or it. The first Peck vi deo was t hen shown.

Appendi x 1

MEMBERSHI P OF I SSMFE

Repor t by Secr et ary Gener al

EXISTING AN D NEW MEMBER S

On 31 D ecember 1990 I SSMFE compris ed 60 Member S ociet i es representi ng 18065 i ndi vi dual m ember s. Thi s compares wi t h 60 Member S ociet i es and 18438 i ndi vi dual m ember s report ed to the 1989 Counci l Meeti ng. Member Societ i es whi ch have shown substanti al changes i n member shi p si nce 1989 are:

Member S ociet y Member ship Change si nce 31 D ec 1990 1989 Report Aust ral i a 500 +122 Canada 1088 -1 80 Ital y 660 -878 Japan 1013 +179 S E Asi a 330 -1 24 UK 650 - 350 USA 4730 +795

251 MEMBER SOCIETIES BADLY IN ARREARS

Member shi p subscri pti on to I SSMFE has not been pai d by Bol i vi a si nce 1985 and by Mor occo si nce 1986.

I SSMFE MEMBERSHI P 31 DECEMBER 1990.

Soci eti es Member s Afri ca Asi a Aust ral asi a Eur ope N. Amer i ca S. S. Amer i ca Argent i na 82 82 Aust ral i a 500 500 Aust ri a 73 73 Bangl adesh 55 55 Bel gi um 62 62 Bol i vi a 13 13 Brazi l 272 272 Bul gari a 92 92 Canada 1088 1088 Chi l e 35 35 Chi na 106 106 Col ombi a 41 41 Cost a Rica 58 58 Czechosl ovaki a 60 60 Denmar k 278 278 Ecuador 57 57 Egypt 20 20 Finl and 370 370 France 746 746 Ger many 1345 1345 Ghana 33 33 Greece 122 122 Hungar y 25 25 I cel and 28 28 I ndia 460 460 I ndonesi a 70 70 Iran 37 37 I reland 73 73 Israel 61 61 Italy 660 660 Japan 1013 1013 Kenya 21 21 Kor ean R 24 24 Mexi co 463 463 Mor occo 12 12 Net herl ands 325 325 New Zeal and 250 250 Nigeri a 58 58 Nor way 367 367 Paki st an 80 80 Paraguay 11 11 Peru 59 59 Pol and 120 120 Port ugal 103 103 Sout h Afri ca 623 623 S. E. Asi a 330 330 Spai n 278 278 Sudan 25 25 Sweden 517 517 Swit zerl and 264 264 Syri a 12 12 Tuni si a 30 30 Turkey 57 57 U.K. 650 650 U.S.A. 4730 4730 U.S.S.R. 356 356 Venezuel a 37 37 Vi et nam 18 18 Yugosl avi a 72 72 Zi mbabwe 238 238 Total 18065 1060 2266 750 7043 6281 665

252 Appendix 2a The 1991 E. H. Davi s Memor i al Lect ure wil l be presented i n November by Associ at e Professor I an W. Johnst on, of Monash Uni versi t y i n Mel bourne.

REPORT O N ACTI VI TI ES I N THE AUSTRALASI AN REGI ON 1990- 1 In New Zeal and, t he Geomechani cs Lect ure wil l be presented at t he f ort h­ H. G. Poul os. coming 6th Aust ral i a New Zeal and Conf erence on Geomechani cs i n Chri st church. The l ecturer wil l be announced i n t he near future.

1. MEMBERSHI P 5. COMMUNI CATI ONS

Ther e has been a st eady expansi on of member shi p i n t he region. I n Australi a, as at Oct ober 1990, t here wer e 742 member s of t he Aust ral i an Geomechani cs Bot h t he New Zeal and and Aust ral i an Soci eti es cont i nue to pr oduce news j our­ Soci ety ( AGS) of whom 494 wer e member s of t he I SSMFE. Thi s l atter f i gure nals t wice yearl y f or their member s. “Aust ral i an Geomechani cs” and “ New represents an i ncrease of about 5 % over t he correspondi ng f i gure f or 1989. Zeal and Geomechani cs News” are pr oduced by vol unteers and contai n t ech­ nical papers, new i t ems and geodi ary i nformati on. I n New Zeal and t he current total member shi p f i gure of t he New Zeal and Geomechani cs Soci ety is 375, of whom about 270 are member s of I SSMFE. Appendi x 2b

2. CONFERENCES REPORT ON ACTI VI TI ES I N ASI AN REGI ON 1990- 1 K. I shi hara Preparati ons are proceedi ng f or t he Sixt h Aust r al i a- New Zeal and Conf erence on Geomechani cs to be hel d i n Chri st church New Zeal and, f r om 3rd to 7th February 1992. The Conf er ence t heme is “ Geot echni cal Risk - Identi fi cati on, Wit h t he part i ci pati on of Korea, Bangl adesh and Vi et nam as new member soci ­ Eval uat i on and Sol ut i ons” . I n response to t he call f or papers, about 110 eti es, t he number of nati onal soci eti es i n t he Asi an Regi on has become 12 abstracts wer e submit t ed. embodyi ng a total of 2138 member s.

The Sixt h I nternati onal Symposi um on Landsl i des is bei ng hel d i n Since t he Rio Conf erence i n August 1989, vari ous acti viti es have been i mpl e­ Chri st church i n t he week i mmedi at el y f ol l owing t he Geomechani cs ment ed i n t he nati onal soci eti es i n Asi an Regi on. Conf erence (10th to 14th February). The call f or papers and t he associ ated Bull eti n have been distri buted, and it is underst ood that t he response has been One of t he hi ghl i ghts of t he undert aki ngs was hol di ng t he first Young very good, wit h approxi mat el y 360 abstracts bei ng received. Geot echni cal Engi neeri ng Conf erences i n Bangkok on January 7 to 11, 1991, under t he sponsorshi p of Japanese Nati onal Soci ety. The representati ves f r om The Aust ral i an Geomechani cs Soci et y ( AGS) is co-sponsori ng t he 7th Asi an countri es, i ncl udi ng 50 young geotechni cal engi neers, part i ci pated i n t he I nternati onal Conf er ence on Numer i cal Met hods i n Geomechani cs, i n Cai rns wor k of t he conference. The t heme of t he Conf erence was “ Const ruct i on i n Australi a, f r om 6th to 10th May 1991. A very l arge number of abstracts wer e Soft Cl ay” f or whi ch Professor Bal asr ubramani am, AI T, Professor H. Ohta, received, and about 300 papers have been submit t ed f or presentati on. Kanazawa Universi t y, Japan and Dr. Surachat, Thai l and presented key-not e l ectures. The conf erence met wit h a great success and voi ces wer e heard ent hu­ The AGS is cont i nui ng its efforts to secure t he 14t h I nternati onal Conf erence siasti call y among part i ci pants f or soon hol di ng t he next one. I n t hese days when on Soil Mechani cs and Foundat i on Engi neeri ng f or Mel bour ne i n 1997. The it is becoming mor e diffi cult to part i ci pate i n t he l arge-scale and costl y i nter­ bi d wil l be made t o t he I SSMFE Counci l i n May 1991 and has t he support of nati onal conference, it is truly wort hwhi l e havi ng occasi onal l y such a smal l - t he Aust ral i an Federal Gover nment , t he State Gover nment of Vict ori a and t he scale gatheri ng encouragi ng part i ci pati on of young promisi ng engi neers f r om Cit y of Mel bourne. devel opi ng countri es.

3. TECHNI CAL WORKI NG GROUPS CHI NA

Wit hi n t he Aust ral i an Soci ety t here are a number of t echnical wor ki ng groups Chi nese Nati onal Soci ety has been acti vely engaged i n sponsori ng t he addressi ng pr obl ems of part i cular i nterest to t he Soci ety. The groups currentl y symposi a and seminars at different part s of the country. Among t hem, t he wor k­ acti ve are: shop on Soil I mpr ovement i n Sept ember, 1990 and 3rd nati onal symposi um on Soil Dynamics i n May 1990 wer e t he mai n events. i) f ooti ngs and f oundati ons ii) site selecti on and penetrati on testi ng iii) eart hworks codes I NDI A iv) litigation

The Aust ral i an Soci ety is al so sponsori ng Techni cal Commit t ee TC26 on Planni ng of t he 13th I nternati onal Conf erence t o be hel d i n New Del hi earl y i n Cal careous Sedi ment s. 1994 is t he maj or concern f or t he I ndi an col l eagues. On January 9—11th, 1991, t he second meet i ng of t he Conf erence Advi sor y Commi t t ee was hel d i n New Del hi to make up t he f r amewor k f or t he Conf erence. At one ni ght duri ng t he 4. HONOURS AND AWARDS Commit t ee meet i ng peri od, a speci al panel di scussi on enti tl ed "Geot echni ques i n t he 1990s, I mpact on Envi r onment ” was hel d t o make t he i mport ance of t he f ort hcoming Conf erence prevail among key persons i n t he I ndi an Communi t y. The 1990 D. H. Trol l ope Medal for t he best PhD t hesi s i n geomechani cs was awar ded to Dr. L. J. Wardl e.

253 I RAN travel, regional acti viti es are diffi cult t o arrange and must i nevi t ably be domi­ nated by t he l arge number of att endees f r om t he host soci ety. Furt hermore it is al most i mpossi bl e f or t he smal l soci eti es to undert ake t he organi sati on of any The first Int er nati onal S emi nar on S oil Mech ani cs and Fou ndat i on Engi neeri ng l arge meet i ng wit h t he l i mit ed manpower and fi nanci al resources that are avail ­ i n I ran was h eld at Tehran Uni versi t y on November 19-21, 1990, under t he abl e to t hem. These l i mitati ons do severel y restri ct acti viti es wit hi n t he region. sponsorshi p of Iran i an Governm ent and Iran i an Geot echni cal S ociet y. F ive speakers i nvi te d f r om abroad made useful and i nterest i ng prese ntati ons. The The maj or event is t he regi onal conf erence and preparati ons are wel l -advanced Confere nce was well atte nded by more t han 300 e ngi neers and scie nti sts f r om f or t he 10th Afri can Regi onal Conf erence whi ch wil l be hel d i n Lesot ho i n all over t he provi nces i n Iran. It was i nstructi ve to l earn that such a semi nar was Sept ember 1991. Fifty papers have been recei ved f r om vari ous countri es and organi zed by the Governm ent ’s initiative and i mpleme nte d successfully wit h i ndicati ons of att endance have been recei ved f r om t en Afri can countri es. the overall cooperati on of t he Iran i an Geot echni cal S ociet y. I n May 1990 a young geotechni cal engi neers meet i ng near Johannesburg was The Iran i an geotechni cal e ngi neers began to recog ni ze t he i mport ance of eart h­ att ended by 50 engi neers unde: t he age of thirty-fi ve, i ncl udi ng del egates f r om quake eff ect’s on the eart h structures and f oundat i on of structures, si nce thi s Zi mbabwe and Mal awi. It is i ntended to hol d a si mil ar meet i ng i n 1992, when count ry suffere d t he severe damag e by the Manj i l Ear t hquake of June 2 1, 1990. it is hoped that mor e young engi neers f r om all over southern Afri ca wil l be able to attend. Because of the costs of travel, it is hoped that meet i ngs of young engi ­ neers can also be arranged i n central and nort h Afri ca. Possi bl y young engi ­ JAPAN neers i n nort h Afri ca coul d be assi sted to att end t he meet i ngs i n Europe.

A joi nt symposi um bet ween Japan and Kore a was held i n S eoul i n Oct ober Appendi x 2d 1990 on th e t heme “Tunn el li ng and Excava t i on i n S oft Ground” . Wit h t he part i ci pati on of 4 Japanese l ectures, t he symposi um was f i nished wit h a gre at success. REPORT ON ACTI VI TI ES I N THE NORTH AMERI CAN REGI ON 1990- 1 Japanese society sponsore d the Fi rst Young Geot echni cal Engi neeri ng J. K. Mit chel l Confere nce i n Asi a whi ch was held i n January 7-11, 1991 at AI T i n Thai l and.

One need onl y read t he quart erl y i ssues of Geot echni cal News, publ i shed by KOREA I SSMFE member John Gadsby ( BiTech Publi shers, Vancouver, BC, Canada) to be i mpressed by t he very l arge amount of recent and current soil mechani cs and geotechni cal acti vity i n Nor t h Ameri ca. The meet i ngs, conferences, The Kor ean nati onal societ y pl ayed an esse nti al role i n bri ngi ng t he Joi nt semi­ commit t ee meeti ngs, and speci al projects, whi ch are far t oo numer ous to list nar wit h Japan t o a gre at success. here, cover vi rtuall y every area of i nterest t o member s of I SSMFE. However , note is t aken of t he speci al Memor i al Symposi um, wi t h an at t endance of over 500, hel d i n Berkel ey on May 10 and 11, 1990 i n honour of t he l ate Professor SOUTHEAST ASI A Harr y Bol t on Seed and t he many monument al contri but i ons that he made to our professi on. Cert ai nl y his wor k as Chai r man i n organi zi ng t he hi ghl y successf ul X IICSMFE held i n S an Fr anci sco i n 1 985 ranks hi gh among t hem. The Southeast Asi an soci ety has been hard at wor k f or organi zi ng t he 9th Asi an Regi onal Conf erence on Soi l Mechani cs and Foundat i on Engi neeri ng whi ch Nort h Ameri can member societi es have pr oposed pote nti al speakers, panelists , wil l be hel d i n Bangkok i n December , 1991. chai r men and moderat ors f or t he XIII I CSMFE to be held i n New D el hi i n 1 994. Several U.S. and Canadi an Universities have provided mater i al s to hel p Boar d Member Harr y Poul os devel op a model curri cul um f or te achi ng undergradu­ PAKI STAN ate soil mechani cs.

Wor k i s now under way by t he several I SSMFE Techni cal Commit t ess that are Paki st an Nati onal Soci ety has been acti vely engaged i n any undert aki ngs ai med sponsored by Nor t h Amer i can member societi es. These i ncl ude TC2, at advancement and proli f erati on of t he geotechni cal engi neeri ng expert i se i n Centri f uge Testi ng, USA, Hon- Yi m Ko, Chai r man; TC5, Envi r onment al this country. Thi s i ncl udes a seri es of l ectures and conf erences and proposal s Control, USA, John Nel son, Chai r man; TC6, Expansi ve Soil s, Canada, Del f or est abl i shment of Nati onal Cent er f or Civi l Engi neeri ng Investi gati on. Fredl and, Chai r man; TC10, Geophysi cal Sit e Charact eri zati on, USA, Richard Woods, Chai r man; TC11, Landsl i des, Canada, D. Cruden, Chai r man; TC14, Off shore Geot echni cal Engi neeri ng, USA, Don Murf f , Chai r man; and TC17, Appendi x 2c Ground I mprovement , Rei nf orcement and Grouti ng, USA, Il an Juran and Joe Wel sh, Co- Chai r men. I n addit i on, a regi onal Techni cal Commit t ee on Foundat i on Perf or mance Dur i ng Eart hquakes and its I nfl uence on Bui l di ng REPORT ON ACT1V 1'1'IES I N THE AFRI CAN REGI ON 199fr-l Codes under t he chai rmanshi p of M.P. Romo, Mexi co, has been organi zed. G. Donal dson The IX Pan Ameri can Confere nce on Soil Mechani cs and Foundat i on Engi neeri ng is t o be held i n Vi na Del Mar, Chi le duri ng August 26- 30,1991. The Afri can Regi on of I SSMFE consi sts of ni ne member soci eti es rangi ng f r om Thi s confere nce i s a regul ar eve nt held at f our year i nterv als that bri ngs t ogether Tuni si a i n t he nort h to Sout h Afri ca i n t he sout h and f r om Mor r occo i n t he west col l eagues f r om bot h t he Nort h Ameri can and S out h Ameri can R egi ons of to Kenya i n t he east. Most of t hese devel opi ng count ri es have to concentrate ISSMFE. An excell ent tech nical pr ogr am has been organi zed that i ncl udes their engi neeri ng i nput i nto provi di ng t he basi c i nf rastructure f or t he needs of sessi ons on S pecial Probl ems i n Fou ndat i ons, Mass Moveme nt Ph enomena, their peopl e. As a result t he geotechni cal engi neeri ng communiti es are smal l Under gr ound Excava t i ons i n Urban Areas, The Soi l s of Ameri ca, Geot echni cal and wit hout l arge f i nanci al resources. On average t he member shi p of a soci ety Aspect s of Tail i ngs Dams, and Ear t h and Rockfi l l Dams. I n addition, t he is about thirty wit h t he excepti on of Zi mbabwe and Sout h Afri ca whi ch are Casagr ande Lect ure will be presente d by Oscar Var di of Argenti na. Atte ndance much l arger. Wit h t he widespread distri buti on of soci eti es and t he hi gh cost of by intereste d persons f r om all over t he wor ld wil l be wel comed.

254 Appendix 2e known poli ti cal changes i n Euro pe. With regard to I SSMFE, thi s meant fresh acti vities i n many of t he Easter n Eur opean countries but also consi derabl e out comes du e to t he economical diffi culties rais ed by the swi t ch-over to an REPORT O N ACTI VI TI ES I N THE SOUTH AMERI CAN REGI ON open market approach i n many of t hose countries. 1990- 1 L. Décour t In terms of t he I SSMFE structure, t he f ol l owing changes occurred:

1. The Ger man Democr at i c Republ i c commit t ee ceased t o be an i ndependent The mai n acti viti es i n Sout h Amer i ca f r om t he t i me of t he l ast meet i ng are: member of I SSMFE. Most of its member s j oi ned t he FRG member society. Abbrevi at i ons used so far are unnecessary now; t here is one Ger man Member The “ Soci edad Argent i na de Mecani ca de Suel os” pr omot ed i n Sept ember of Soci ety onl y si nce aut umn 1990. 1990 i n t he city of Mendoza t he X I Argent i ni an Conf er ence on S oil Mech ani cs. 2. The Romani an member soci ety was re-establi shed and coul d al ready att end I n August of 1 991 t he first Argent i ni an S ymposi um on t he uti l i zati on of t he Danube- Eur opean Congr ess i n Budapest i n aut umn 1990. It is now agai n Geotextil es is goi ng t o be held. a member soci ety to t he I SSMFE. I n S ept ember, t he XII Confere nce on S oil Mech ani cs. I n Oct ober a course on Rock Mech ani cs. 3. Fol l owing an i nvi tati on by t he Al bani an Mini st ry of Bui l di ng, I vi si ted I n December a course on Geol ogy for Engi neers. Ti rana i n August 1990 and f ound a gr oup of soil engi neers and engi neeri ng geol ogi st s and surveyors st rongl y i nterested i n f oundi ng an Albani an SSMFE. The current poli ti cal i nstabil i ty i n this country, however, obvi ousl y del ayed a BRAZIL f ormal appli cati on.

4. The soil engi neers i n t he Balt i c republ i cs have f ounded separate member I n April , 1990 th e “Associ acao Brasi le i ra de Mecani ca dos S ol os” ( ABMS) societi es. I n Lit huani a, a soci ety was f ounded i n 1990, i n Est oni a i n 1991. The pr omot ed i n Rio de Janei ro t he SI NGEO 90, Symposi um of Fiel d Geot echni cal affi l i ati on to I SSMFE is post poned unti l t he status of t he republ i cs t owards the I nst rumentati on. USSR wil l be clari fi ed. I n November of 1990 i n Sao Paul o, a Techni cal Meet i ng on Struct ure of Soil s Rei nf orced wit h Geosyntheti cs. A revi ew of t he organi sati onal structure is under di scussi on i n several East- I n November , 1990, i n Sal vador, t he IX Brazi l i an Confere nce on Soil Eur opean countri es wher e t he representati on at present i s reali zed by nati onal Mechani cs and Fou ndat i on Engi neeri ng. commit t ees associ ated t o nati onal academies of sci ence. At a del egates’ meet ­ Schedule d f or November 1991 ar e t he II S ymposi um on Tai l i ng DAMS i n Rio i ng hel d on t he 25t h May i n Florence, t he del egates of t hese countri es report ed de Janei ro and t he II Engi neeri ng S emi nar on S pecial Foundat i ons, i n S ao on t he states of affairs. Obvi ousl y, t he si tuati on i s different i n Pol and, Paul o. Czechosl ovaki a, Hungary, Romani a and t he Sovi et Republ i cs and it was emphasi zed that it is t oo earl y now t o come to fi nal concl usi ons.

CHI LE I n Nort hern Europe, t here is a wel l est abl i shed cooperat i on of Finl and, Sweden, Nor way, Denmar k and I celand. Regi onal convent i ons wi t h unspeci f i ed t opics and open di scussi ons are hel d i n a f our years’ cycl e. The next wil l be t he 10th The most i mport ant acti vi ty i n t he regi on is t he Panameri can Conf er ence on meet i ng (X NGM 92) to be held i n Aal borg, Denmar k i n M ay, 1992. Soil Mech ani cs and Fou ndat i on Engi neeri ng, that is goi ng to be held i n Vi na Offi ci al visits wer e undertak en to the Dani sh Geot echni cal S ociet y and t o t he Del Mar, i n August, under t he sponsor of the “ Soci e dad C hi le na de Geot ecni a ” . Fi nni sh Member S ociet y on occasi on of its 40t h anniv ersary.

Several occasi ons i n West ern Eur ope gave opport unities t o have offi cial contact PARAGUAY visits to member societi es in the Net herlands (40th anni versary; 4th Int. Confere nce on Geotextil es and Geomembran es; 4th Young Geot. Engi neers Confere nce), i n Bel gi um, France (5th Young GEC) and Swit zerl and. I n t he I n Oct ober 1990 it was i ssued the first number of t he t echnical magazi ne Medi t erranean, t he Greek and Itali an Member Soci eti es organi zed val uabl e Est rutura y Geotecni a. offi cial meet i ngs at whi ch it was possi bl e t o coll ect i deas about t he f uture of It is schedule d f or S ept ember a Lect ure by the I SSMFE Vice-President for I SSMFE i n Europe. Sout h Ameri ca. The 9th Danube- Eur opean CSMFE on Oct ober 2- 5 i n Budapest demonst rat ed convi nci ngl y its speci al role t o be an i nternati onal pl at f orm not onl y f or coun­ VENEZUELA tri es borderi ng t he Danube but f or t he East - West di al ogue i n geot echni cs i n general. It was deci ded to cont i nue this conf erence cycl e and Romani a was gi ven t he chance to prepare t he 10th DECSMFE. I n Oct ober of 1990 th e S ocie dad Venezolana de Mecani ca del Su el os e Ingeneri a de Fundaci ones pr omot ed a l ocal S ymposi um on S oil Mech ani cs and Since perpetuit y of regi onal conf erences shoul d be quest i oned i n t erms of their the III S out h America Conf er ence on Rock Mech ani cs. necessi ty, it was deci ded to st op t he sequence of Bal t i c conf erences on SMFE. Thus t he conf erence pr oposed t o be hel d i n Rost ock (and f ormerl y t o be orga­ ni zed by t he GDR commit t ee) was cancell ed. I nstead, regi onal wor kshops wit h Appendi x 2f sel ected t opics and l ess spect acul ar outfi t seem t o be preferable.

A conf erence t ype t o be cont i nued at any rate is t he al ready ment i oned Young REPORT O N ACTI VI TI ES I N EUROPEAN REGI ON 1990-1 Geot echni cal Engi neers’ Conf erence. It is a hopef ul si gn that t here i s no l ack U. S mol t czyk of hosts. I n 1992, t he 6th YGEC is pl anned t o be i n Li sbon. The ovemext of t hese conf erences wil l be hel d i n Sept ember 1993 i n Stuttgart under t he spon­ sorshi p of t he Ger man member society. The peri od of 1 989 to 1 991 whi ch is object of thi s report was e ar mar ked by t he

255 A notable i nter nati onal cooperat i on is goi ng on i n Eur ope vi a e i ght “Eur opean Appendi x 3 Techni cal Commit tees’ on matters of

ETC1 - Stabil i zati on of Landsl i des (chai rman: Togrol); STATUS OF TEC HN IC A L C OMMITTEES 2 - Eart hquake Engi neeri ng Probl ems i n Eur ope (Viggi ani); 3 - Pil es (Franke); 4 - Pressuremet er Test i ng ( Gambi n), now changed i nt o an I nternati onal TCI I nst rumentati on, Tel emet r y and Dat a Processi ng Quest i onnai re bei ng . TC; prepared t o pl an work. 5 - Laborat ory Test i ng ( De Queleri j ); TC2 Centri f uge Testi ng. Symposi um June 13-15, 1991, Boul der USA. 6 - Rei nf orced Soil ( MacGown) ; TC3 Ari d Soil s. Quest i onnai re sent out t o pl an work. 7 - Numer i cal Met hods i n Geot echni cal Engi neeri ng (Sagaseta); TC4 Eart hquake Geot echni cal Engi neeri ng. Wor kshop and manual on 8 - Geot echni cs of Landfi l l Desi gn and Remedi al Wor ks (Jessberger). Geot echni cal Sei smic Zonat i on pl anned f or 1993. TC5 Envi r onment al Control . Report s wer e gi ven by t he chai r men to t he del egates of t he Eur opean member TC6 Expansi ve Soil s. 7th Int. Conf . on Expansi ve Soi l s, August 3-5, 1992, soci eti es at their meet i ng i n Florence: Dal l as USA. Col l ect ed sl i de set. TC7 Tai l i ngs Dams. Meet i ng i n Chi l e, August 1991. The ETC 1 present ed a third vol ume on t he slate of its wor k and asked f or t wo TC8 Frost. Int. Symp. on Frost i n Geot echni cal Engi neeri ng June 28-Jul y 2, mor e years t o coll ect t he still i ncoming contri buti ons f or t he fi nal report. Thi s 1993, Alaska. Prepari ng draft on Ref erence Test Procedures. was agreed upon. TC9 Geotext i l es and Geosyntheti cs. Col l ect i ng case records. Mer cer Lect ure. TC10 Geophysi cal Site Charact eri zati on. ETC 2 presented a f i nali zi ng report to t he 10t h ECSMFE and asked f or bei ng TC11 Landsl i des. 6th Int. Symp. on Landsl i des, Feb. 10-14, 1992, New di sbanded. Zeal and. Compi l i ng UNESCO Landsl i des I nventory. Col l ect i ng Sli des. TC12 Val i dati on of Comput er Simul ati ons. ETC3 and 5 are cl osel y connect ed to CEN act i ons ( CEN TC 250/ SC7) and are TC13 Mechani cs of Granul ar Materi als. Symp. somet i me i n 1992-4. at an earl y st age of their i nt ended pr ogr ammes. TC14 Off shore Geot echni cal Engi neeri ng. Col l aborati ng wit h TC18 on 4t h Int. Conf . on appl i cati on of Stress-wave Theor y t o Pil es, Sept ember 21-24, ETC 4 hel d an i nternati onal symposi um i n Apri l 1990 i n Oxf or d and presented 1992. its fi nal report. The t opic wil l be f ol l owed up f urt her by t he acti vi ty of the exi st­ TC15 Peat. i ng i nternati onal TC. TC16 Penetrati on Test i ng. Li ai sons est abl i shed wit h I SO, CEN- TC250 and SPRI NT RA 216. ETC 6 had an i nternati onal conf erence i n Glasgow i n Sept ember 1990, t he TC17 Ground I mpr ovement , Rei nf or cement and Grouti ng. proceedi ngs of whi ch coul d be present ed to t he 10t h ECSMFE. Since t he chai r­ TC18 Pil e Dri vi ng. See TC14. man Prof. McGown had asked f or a change i n t he chai r manshi p of t he commit ­ TC19 Preservati on of Hist ori c Sites. Speci al publ i cati on bei ng prepared by tee, Prof. Schl osser (France) wil l t ake over t o cont i nue t he wor k of this commit ­ AGI on Itali an Hist ori c Sites. tee f or anot her t wo years. TC20 Professi onal Practi ce. JC22 I ndurated Soi l s and Soft Rocks. Col l aborati on wit h I SRM and Hel l eni c ETC 7 al so hel d an i nternati onal symposi um i n Sant ander i n Sept ember 1990. Soci ety on Int. Symp. on Har d Soi l s-Soft Rocks, Sept ember 20-24, The proceedi ngs of this wer e avail able at t he congress i n Florence. Sine it is 1993. i nt ended t o achi eve a document at i on ( manual s or r ecommendat i ons or st an­ TC23 Li mit State Desi gn i n Geot echni cal Engi neeri ng. Speci ali st Symp. on dard drafts) whi ch may be t aken over i nto i ntercont i nental commit t ees l ater on, Li mit State Desi gn i n Geot echni cal Engi neeri ng. May/ June 1993, t he peri od of this commit t ee was also ext ended unti l t he end of 1993. Copenhagen. TC24 Soil Sampl i ng. ETC 8 has recentl y started its acti viti es by t ransl ati ng Ger man r ecommenda­ TC25 Tropi cal and Resi dual Soil s. Symp. at 10t h Afri can Regi onal t i ons i nto Engl i sh and publ i shi ng these. Conf erence, Sept ember 1991, Lesotho. TC26 Cal careous Sedi ment s. The Vice Presi dent expressed t he t hanks of t he I SSMFE t o t he chai r man for TC27 Pressuremet er and Dil at omet er Testi ng. t he excel l ent results del i vered to t he professi on, wit h a speci al appreci ati on to TC28 Under gr ound Const ruct i on i n Soft Ground. One day Symp. pl anned f or Prof. Viggi ani , Prof. McGown and M. Gambi n whose chai r manshi p end. January 1994.

The unif i cati on of Eur ope i nto one mult i cult ural soci ety needs t o use t he f unds of t he Eur opean Communi t y f or j oint endeavours i n geotechni cal research and Appendi x 4 educati on. Schemes l i ke TEMPUS or ERASMUS shoul d be used t o i mpr ove t he si t uati on of geotechni cal i nsti tuti ons and universi t y i nsti tutes i n Eur ope wher ever necessary. Exi st i ng f unds unti l now have not f ound adequat e att en­ REPORT ON THE ACTTVmES OF THE P.C.S. t i on by our professi on. E. E. de Beer, Secr et ary P.C.S.

At t he meet i ng of t he del egates of t he Eur opean member soci eti es (28 att en­ dants) t wo off ers t o host t he 11t h ECSMFE by t he Dut ch and t he Dani sh soci ­ Since t he l ast meet i ng of t he Counci l i n Rio de Janei ro i n August 1989, t he ety wer e gratefull y consi dered. Fol l owing their presentati ons, a voti ng yi el ded Counci l of t he P.C.S. has met i n June 1990. a 10: 7 pri ori ty f or Copenhagen t o be t he pl ace of this event i n 1995. The consi d­ erabl e efforts of eit her soci ety i n prepari ng t he proposal s wer e very much appre­ The Secretary General of t he I . S.R.M., Mr. J. Charrua-Gra^a, deceased a f ew ci ated by t he delegates. mont hs after t he P.C.S. meet i ng of June 1990. Mr. J. Charr ua- Gra$a was al ways very acti ve i n pr omot i ng t he possibil i ti es of cooperat i on bet ween t he 3 I nternati onal Soci eti es. His premat ure deat h i s deepl y regretted. The Presi dent of t he I . S.R.M. appoi nt ed Mr. J. Del gado Rodr i gues t o repl ace Mr. J. Charrua- Gra?a.

Bef ore t he meet i ng of t he Secretari es General i n June, t he Presi dents of t he

256 three basi c Geot echni cal S ociet i es had an i mport ant meeti ng i n Ontari o- Geot echni cal Soci eti es i n t he upper spheres of t he I nternati onal Sci enti fi c Canada on 29 May 1990. Organi zati ons i s t he affi l i ati on of t he I . S.S.M.F.E. and I . S.R.M. to t he I nternati onal Uni on of t he Geol ogi cal Sci ences (I . U.G.S.). Some exchange of They f ormul at ed t he f ol l owing concl usi ons: l etters has been i niti ated bet ween t he Presi dent Prof. Mor genst em and I . U.G.S. It seems that a concl usi on concerni ng t he affi l i ati on of the I . S.S.M.F.E.t o I UGS " 1 - The Secretari es General are asked to prepare a list of all Techni cal cannot occur before t he Counci l Meet i ng t o be hel d duri ng its I nternati onal Commit t ees, Commissi ons, Task Forces, etc. i n their respecti ve organizati ons. Congress i n Kyot o i n 1992. Dur i ng t he meet i ng of June 1990, Secretary Such lists shoul d i ncl ude t he name, address, t el ephone and f ax number s of rele­ General Charr ua-Graf a i nf ormed that t he I . S.R.M. was not i nterested i n an vant chai rmen, t he names of t he member s of t he commi t t ees, etc. and t he affi l i ati on wit h I . U.G.S. However t he Minut es of t he Counci l Meet i ng of mandat e or t erms of reference of t he vari ous groups. The P.C.S. shoul d present 1.5.R.M. hefc on Sept ember 9 i n Zwazi l and ment i on that I . S.R.M. deci ded to t he i nf ormati on f r om all t hree organi zati ons i n one document and shoul d ensure ask f or affi l i ati on to I . U.G.S. and to t he I nternat i onal Uni on of Techni cal that t hese lists and detail s t herein shoul d be updat ed at l east once per year. Associ ati ons (I . U.T.A.) jointl y wit h I . S.S.M.F.E. wi t h a vi ew to shari ng t he cost Proposal s f or new commit t ees or commissi ons shoul d be brought to t he att en­ of admissi on. t i on of t he other organi zati ons as soon as possi ble. At t he meet i ng of t he Counci l i n Rio de Janei ro gui del i nes concerni ng t he role 2 - The Secretari es General are asked to prepare a common cal endar of events of l i aison member s i n t he Techni cal Commit t ee or Commissi ons of t he Sister associ ated wit h each organi zati on and to advi se t he Presi dents of act i ons t aken Geot echni cal Soci eti es have been approved. They have now been publ i shed i n to ensure that no cl ashes occur bet ween maj or event s of each organi zati on such the respecti ve Newsl ett ers. The appoi nt ment of a l i aison member of t he as: I . A.E.G. i n t he Techni cal Commit t ee of t he I . S.S.M. F.E. on t he st udy of a) I nternati onal Meet i ngs, Tropi cal Soil s wil l be t aken i nto consi derati on after t he possi bl e creati on of a b) Regi onal Meet i ngs of t he I . S.S.M.F.E. Commissi on of Tropi cal Soil s i n I . A.E.G. c) Counci l Meet i ngs. It was wort hwhi l e t o dr aw t he att enti on of t he Organi zi ng commit t ee of a 3 - The Secretari es General are asked to ensure that each Soci et y’s Newsl ett er conf erence or symposi um of sendi ng an i nvi tati on f or a del egate t o t he be sent to t he Execut i ve Commit t ee member s of t he ot her t wo sister organi za­ Academies of Sci ence of t he countri es wher e a Member soci ety of t he ti ons. Thi s acti on is request ed t o devel op i n member s of all t hree executi ve 1.5.5.M.F.E. exists. A compl et e list of these Academies wit h addresses has been commit t ees a greater knowledge and awareness of t he acti viti es of t he other est abl i shed by t he P.C.S. and a copy sent to t he Secretari es General , whi ch can organi zati ons and wil l requi re that each Secretary General provi des an updat ed aff ord a dupl i cati on t o t he organi zi ng commit t ees of sponsored events. list of names and addresses of Execut i ve Commit t ee member s t o t he other t wo sister organizati ons. At t he meet i ng of May 1990, t he Presi dents deci ded also that:

4 - The Per manent Co-ordi nat i ng Secretari at is asked t o arrange a meet i ng of “ Bot h I . S.R.M. and I . A.E.G. wil l appoi nt t wo member s each t o j oi n t he Task t he t hree Presi dents every t wo years i n associ ati on wit h a maj or meet i ng of one Force on Communi cat i on of I . S.S.M.F.E. i n order to: of t he t hree sister organi zati ons. ” i) Revi ew t he quali t y and f i nanci al healt h of exi st i ng geotechni cal abstract 1 - To fulfill t he i t em 1, t he P.C.S. est abl i shed a file as gi ven i n addendum 1, servi ces, aski ng t he Secretari es General t o establi sh a list f or each Techni cal Commit t ee, Commissi on or Task Force, and to send a copy t o t he t wo other Secretari es ii) I n t he l i ght of i) above advi se t he Soci eti es, j ointl y or separately, whet her General and to t he P.C.S. The lists shoul d be updat ed at l east once a year and any act i on shoul d be t aken, i n each case after t he electi on of a new Presi dent. The lists f or I . S.S.F.M.E. and I . S.R.M. have been recei ved but not on t he pr oposed canvas. For t he I . A.E.G. iii) Outl i ne directi ons i n whi ch to proceed to achi eve a sati sfactory i nf orma­ t he updat ed list after t he General Assembl y i n Amst er dam - August 1990 - has t i on retri eval servi ce.” unti l yet not been received. The Presi dent Prof. Mor genst em has dr awn t he att ent i on of t he Member 2 - Concer ni ng t he i t em 2, it must be ment i oned that i n their annual meet i ng Soci eti es to acti vely part i ci pate on t he Nati onal Commit t ees of their count ry t he Secretari es General not onl y consi der t he event s al ready deci ded, but also organi zed f or t he Decade 90 f or Natural Disast er Reduct i on by t he U.N.O. t he t hose not yet full y fi xed. I n that way, t hey are abl e t o prevent some cl ashes. Of I . C.S.U. is i nvol ved i n t he scienti fi c Aspect of t he Decade. It has chosen 7 course i niti ati ves t aken by organi zati ons outsi de t he member soci eti es are much topics. One of t hese t opics concerns t he pr obl em rel ated to t he megaci t i es. The mor e diffi cult f or preventi ng cl ashes wit h meet i ngs organi zed wit h t he spon­ I . A.E.G. is especi all y ment i oned f or this topics, but also t he i nterest of t he sorshi p of t he I nternati onal Soci eti es. part i ci pati on of t he t wo other geotechni cal Soci eti es is ment i oned i n t he docu­ ment est abl i shed by t he I . C.S.U. 3 - For t he i t em 3 t he Secretari es General have been asked t o send t o their col l eagues and t he P.C.S. t he list wit h names and addresses of t he Boar d or The Joint Wor ki ng Part y (J.W.P.) on t he Wor l d Landsl i des I nventory under t he Execut i ve Commit t ee’s member s i n order that t hey recei ve t he Newsl ett ers of Chai r manshi p of Dr Craden i s doi ng a very good j ob and is an exampl e of t he t he Sister Soci eti es. The i nformati ons f or I . S.S.M. F.E. and I . S.R.M. have been cooperati on bet ween t he 3 Geot echni cal Soci eti es. An arti cle “ A suggest ed received. For t he I . A.E.G. t he updat ed list after t he General Assembl y i n met hod f or report i ng a l andsl i de” wri t t en by t he I nt ernati onal Geot echni cal Amst er dam - August 1990 - has unti l yet not been received. Soci eti es - Unesco Wor ki ng Part y on Landsl i des I nventory has been publ i shed i n t he Bull eti n of t he I . A.E.G. 4 - Concer ni ng t he i t em 4, as t he Presi dents had a meet i ng i n Ont ari o i n 1990, the Secretari es General propose that t he next Presi dent’s meet i ng shoul d t ake I n t he same Bul l eti n a vocabul ary i n Engl i sh and Fr ench used i n t he descri p­ pl ace on 10- 14 February 1991 i n New Zeal and, at t he occasi on of t he 6th ti on on Landsl i des has been publ i shed. Looki ng at t he wor ki ng of t he J.W.P. I nternati ona] Symposi um on Landsl i des, t opic whi ch is of i nterest f or t he t hree on l andsl i des it appeared that it coul d be wort hwhi l e to defi ne mor e preci sely Geot echni cal Soci eti es. t he role and t he structure of a J.W.P.

At t he meet i ng of June 1990 t he Secretari es General ascert ai ned that, also The Young Geot echni cal Conf erences cont i nue to be organi zed wit h much because of t he obj ect i ons of I . A.E.G., t he creati on of an I nternati onal success. Aft er t he third Conf erence at Minsk (Bell orussi a), t he f ourt h has t aken Geot echni cal Uni on, as once suggest ed by Prof. Mor genst em, is no l onger pl ace at Del f t (Netherl ands), t he next Y.G.E.C. of I . S.S.M.F.E. wil l t ake pl ace support ed. Anot her possi bil i ty f or a bett er representati on of t he I nternati onal at Grenobl e (France). It wil l be pr oposed that member s of I . A.E.G. t ake also

257 part. shop i n Pari s, 15- 18 Oct ober, 1990 t o di scuss “ Engi neeri ng Contri buti on to I DNDR” att ended by about 30 i nternati onal expert s. An out come of this wor k­ The S ecretari es Genera] consi dered the pr obl em of i mpr ovi ng t he cooperati on shop has been t he sett i ng up of a Joint Tfcsk Commi t t ee f or I DNDR, under the of the basi c Geot echni cal S ociet i es wi t h User S ociet i es also l argely i nvol ved Chai r manshi p of A. Vil l evieil l e. in geotechni cal pr oblems (Large Dams, Roads, Waste Disposal s, Hydrol ogeol ogy, Harbours, Geotextil es, etc). A better cooperat i on can be The Joint Task Commit t ee wil l serve a si mil ar purpose to that set up by I CSU obtai ned by mut ual i nvi tati on to counci l meeti ngs, oi gani zati on of joint eve nts under t he chai r manshi p of Sir James Lighthil l . etc. It seems however not desi rable, also due t o t he li mit ati on of funds, that t hey become member s of t he P.C.S. The current annual f ee f or Member shi p of UI TA i s FF10, 500.

Genera] concl usi on: I NTERNATI ONAL UNI ON OF GEOLOGI CAL SCI ENCES CIUGS1 The President of the t hree Geot echni cal S ociet i es cl earl y show thei r concern for a better coordi nati on of t he acti vities of t he t hree basi c Geot echni cal Societ i es. Th ey pr op up t he effort made si nce several years by t he P.C.S. to I n response to a r ecommendat i on by t he I SSMFE Boar d Meet i ng hel d i n Rio realize thi s goal. de Janei ro i n 1989 a l etter was sent f r om t he Secret ari at to I UGS on 17 Oct ober 1989 enqui ri ng about possi bl e affi l i ati on of I SSMFE wit h I UGS. A repl y dated 3 November 1989 was recei ved f r om I UGS Secretary General Dr Robi n Brett Appendi x 5 i nvi t i ng I SSMFE t o appl y t o become an affi l i ated organi sati on of I UGS. He l i sted t he f ol l owing benefi t s to I SSMFE

INTERNATI ONAL AFFI LI ATI ONS a) f ormal affi l i ati on wit h most of t he wor l d’s i nternati onal geol ogi cal organ­ i sati ons b) f ormal affi l i ati on wit h t he I nternati onal Counci l of Sci enti f i c Uni ons Report by Secretary General ( I CSU) t hrough I UGS c) t he opport uni t y to co-sponsor symposi a at t he quadrenni al I nternati onal Geol ogi cal Congr ess UNI ON OF I NTERNATI ONAL T ECHNICAL ASSOCI ATI ONS OJI TA1 d) t he opport uni t y to i niti ate j oint pr ogr ammes wit h other I UGS Affi l i ates and Commissi ons.

UI TA is a groupi ng of i nter nati onal non- govemment a] tech nical associ ati ons Al t hough some organi sati ons recei ve l i mit ed f undi ng f r om I UGS, Dr Brett cre ate d i n 1 951 at the initiativ e of UNESCO. It has been grante d Cat egor y A t hought it woul d be unl i kel y i n t he case of I SSMFE. Ther e is no member shi p consult ati ve status by UNESCO. Its purpose is f ee f or affi l i ati on t o I UGS.

1) to id entify, pr omot e and coordi nate thei r act i ons i n fiel ds of common At its meet i ng i n Taipei, 18 Apri l , 1990 t he Boar d r ecommended that I SSMFE i nterest, shoul d appl y to become an Aff i l i ated Member of I UGS and this was put i nto effect i n a l etter f r om t he Secretari at t o I UGS dat ed 11 May, 1990. I n his reply 2) to facil i tate their relati ons wit h t he organi zati ons connect ed to the UNO of 16 May Dr Robi n Brett, Secretary Genera] of I UGS wel comed t he appl i ca­ system such as E COSOC, UNESCO, UNI DO, FAO or wit h its operati onal ti on and advi sed that t he I UGS Execut i ve Commit t ee woul d meet i n February bodi es such as UNI TAR, UNEP, UNDP and also wit h any i nternati onal 1991 and vot e on t he I SSMFE appli cati on. A f avourabl e vot e t hen had to be organizati on. rati fi ed by t he whol e I UGS Counci l i n Kyot o i n 1992.

Member Associ ati ons may t ake full advant age of UI TA’s speci al st andi ng wit h The I SSMFE appl i cati on was di scussed bri efl y at t he I UGS Execut i ve t hese bodi es and consequent l y be grant ed t he same st atus f or their consul t ati ve Commit t ee Meet i ng i n January 1991, but no vot e was t aken as some member s and associ ati ve relati ons. of t he Commit t ee expressed t he vi ew that I UGS Organi sat i ons and Affi l i ates wit h si mil ar i nterests t o I SSMFE shoul d be consul t ed on t he matt er. Dr Brett UI TA t akes part i n t he dr awing up to t he annual and pl uri annual pr ogr ammes i ndi cated i n a l etter t o t he I SSMFE Secretari at that this was perhaps a some­ of t he Bodi es of t he Uni t ed Nat i ons Syst em; its member s may be t he reci pi­ what conservati ve react i on by t he Commit t ee and that t here was still a very ents of speci fi c contract s and t ake full advant age of all t he ai d syst ems avail ­ good chance that a posi t i ve r ecommendat i on f or I SSMFE to become an abl e f or their act i ons i n f avour of devel opi ng count ri es. Affi l i ated Member of I UGS woul d come bef ore t he I UGS Counci l Meet i ng i n 1992. Financi al support is al so avail able, not abl y f or t he publi cati on, purchase and distri buti on of t echnical wor ks and f or t he organi zati on of and part i ci pati on i n coll oquia. Appendi x 6

I SSMFE was a Founder Member of UITA, but wit hdr ew i n 1972 as it was no l onger felt that I SSMFE deri ved any benefi t f r om its member shi p. However , if I SSMFE MODEL LI BRARY I SSMFE is t o part i ci pate full y i n i nternati onal i ni ti ati ves such as t he I nternati onal Decade f or Nat ural Disast er Reduct i on ( I DNDR) it needs t o have access t o UN bodi es such as UNESCO, UNI DO, and UI TA i s set up t o provi de Report by Secretary General such access. At t he request of t he I SSMFE Presi dent, Professor B. Broms, t he Techni cal The case f or I SSMFE rej oi ni ng UI TA has been st rengt hened by t he agr eement Commit t ee f or Research Cooperat i on TC21, chai red by Mr. C. B. Crawford, i n 1989 bet ween UI TA and t he Wor l d Federat i on of Engi neeri ng Organi sati ons i n t he peri od 1985- 9 i nvesti gated t he possi bil i ty of sett i ng up a model l i brary ( WFEO) t o create a Joint Execut i ve Commit t ee (JEC), empower ed t o act for f or distri buti on to research or educati onal i nsti tuti ons i n devel opi ng countri es bot h organi sati ons and to manage acti viti es uti l i si ng resources and capabil i ti es at a l ow cost or f ree of charge. A number of l eadi ng geotechni cal engi neers of bot h organisati ons. Thi s l i nk was f orged under t he st rong encour agement of wit h a wi de geographi cal spread wer e t hen asked thei r opi ni on of t he materi al UNESCO. Act i on was i niti ated under t he JEC by t he organi sati on of a wor k­ whi ch shoul d be i ncl uded. It was t hen deci ded, i n t he first pl ace at l east, t o l i mit

258 the model li brary t o text books and manual s only. Mexi co 4 4 On 15 April 1988 a letter was sent by Mr. Cra wfor d to all Vice-Presidents and Member S ociet i es i n Asi a, Afri ca and S out h Ameri ca aski ng t hem to propose Bolivia 1 sui table reci pie nts f or t he model li brary. Thirt y-t hree reci pie nts wer e proposed, Col ombi a 2 distri bute d by R egi on and count ry as gi ven i n Att achment A wit h the subse­ Cost a Rica 1 1 quent addi t i on of Ro mani a i ncre asi ng t he total to thirty-four. Domini can R epublic 1 Ecuador 1 The project di vi des its elf convenie ntl y i nto t wo parts: books t o be coll ected i n Paraguay 1 the USA and distri bute d f r om t here and books to be coll ected i n the UK and Peru 1 distri bute d f r om there. Mr Cra wfor d wor ked cl osely wit h Prof essor Hol t z of t he USA on t he project and Prof essor Hol t z agr ee d to handle t he US si de of the project, on the understandi ng that all costs woul d be rei mbursed by I SSMFE. At tachm ent B Attachm ent B shows t he list of UK and USA books.

Professor Hol t z and Mr. Cra wfor d agree d t o send out to e ach proposed rec i p­ I SSMFE MODEL LI BRARY ient a copy of “ Tayl or - Fu ndament al s of S oil Mech ani cs” wit h a questi on­ naire t o be compl et ed t o test t he distri buti on system and conf i rm wher e t he li brary wil l be housed and who wil l t ake responsi bil i t y f or it. Thi s distri buti on Lists of t ext books and manual s f or ming t he Model Li brary: books under UK was made i n 1 990 and wit h t he result that 21 questi onnai res have been retur n ed. coll ected and distri buted f r om t he UK by I SSMFE Secretari at and t hose under I n 1 991 a copy of Ti yl or was sent t o Ro mani a but as yet no repl y has been USA coll ected and distri buted f r om t he USA by Professor Hol t z. ELBS refers received. to Engl i sh Language Book Soci ety cheap edit i ons prepared speci fi call y f or distri buti on to devel opi ng countri es (not Sout h Ameri ca). The full set of UK books has been sent t o t he 2 1 reci pie nts who have return ed the questi onnaires, as shown i n Att achment A. All books wer e suppli ed by t he publi shers at consi derabl y re duced pri ces and i n t he case of t he t wo C I RI A UK publ i cati ons and t he Canadi an Fou ndat i on Engi neeri ng M anual copies wer e obtai ned free. Padfi eld & Sharr ock (1983) Settlement of Structures on Clay Soils Cl RI A No distri buti ons have been made as yet f r om t he USA oth er than t he Tayl or Scott (1980) An Introduction to Soil Mechanics and Foundations Appl i ed vol ume, i n part because of a misunderstandi ng reg ardi ng t he possibility of Sci ences Publ i shers payment s to US publi shers. It i s expect ed that distri buti ons of USA books wil l Si mons and Menzi es (1975) A Short Course in Foundation Newnes- be made shortly.. But t erwort hs or I PC Sci ence and Technol ogy Press Lt d Tomli nson (1986) Foundation Design and Construction Longman Scienti fi c It was agree d at the 1990 I SSMFE Boar d Meet i ng i n Tai pei that t he Model and Techni cal ELBS Li brary project shoul d proceed wit h an i mmedi at e budget of USD10, 000 for Wel t man and Head (1983) Site Investigation Manual CI RI A distri buti on of up to 30 sets, part of this money t o come f r om i nterest accming Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual (1985) Bi Tech Donat ed by t he f r om t he Seed Fund and t he f unds recei ved f r om t he XIII CSMFE i n Rio de Canadi an Geot echni cal Soci ety Janeiro. A contri buti on of GBP100 has been made t o t he project by t he Bri ti sh Geotechnical Manual for Slopes (1984) 2nd Edi t i on Geot echni cal Control Midl ands Soil Mechani cs Soci ety. Expendi t ures t o t he 31 December 1990 was Off i ce Engg. Devel opment Dept. , Hong Kong USD1046. 38 f or distri buti on of the Tayl or vol ume and GBP1784 f or purchase Guide to Site Investigation (1987) Geot echni cal Cont rol Off i ce Engg. and distri buti on of t he UK books. Devel opment Dept. , Hong Kong

At t achment A USA

I SSMFE MODEL LI BRARY Hol t z and Kovacs ( 1981) An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering Prenti ce-Hall Lam be and Whi t man (1969) Soil Mechanics Wil ey (SI versi on preferred but Regi on Count r y No of pr oposed No of UK out of pri nt) reci pi ents sets sent Peck, Hanson and Thombur n (1974) Foundation Engineering Wil ey Afri ca I vory Coast 1 1 Perl off and Bar on (1976) Soil Mechanics: Principles and Applications Ronal d Egypt 1 (Wil ey) Ghana 2 2 Tayl or (1948) Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics Wil ey Kenya 1 1 Terzaghi and Peck (1967) Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice Wil ey Mor occo 1 US NaVy (1982) Soil Mechanics ( DM-7. 1); Foundations and EarthStructures Nigeri a 6 6 (DM-7. 2); Soil Dynamics. Deep Stabilization and Special Geotechnical Sudan 1 1 Construction ( DM-7. 3). T uni si a 1 Contributions to Soil Mechanics (1940) Bost on Soci ety of Civi l Engi neers 2 Zi mbabwe 1 1 Vol s

Asi a I ndonesi a 1 1 Paki st an 2 1 Phi l i ppi nes 1 1 Syri a 1 1

Eur ope Romani a 1

259 Appendix 7 t he wor kshop t he TC met on 18/ 19 Oct ober and agreed on eight t opics for i ncl usi on i n t he f orward pr ogr amme for part i ci pati on i n I DNDR, viz:

TH E MERCER LECTURE a) Desi gn and const ruct i on of bui l di ngs and structures to wit hst and nat u­ ral disasters. b) Landsl i des. Report by S ecretary General c) Stor ms and Floods. d) Educat i on and training f or - hazards and disasters Fol l owi ng correspo ndence bet ween Net l on Li mite d, Professor McGown, - i mpr ovi ng publ i c awareness. Professor Gi r oud and t he 1SSMFE Presi dent, Professor Mor genst em a deci ­ e) Human reli ance on Safety Integral Syst ems. si on has been made t o establi sh t he “ Mer cer Lect ure” under t he j oint spon­ f) Cost of i mpl i cati ons of preventi on versus post di saster recovery. sorshi p of I SSMFE, The I nternati onal Geotext i l e Soci ety ( I GS) and Net l on g) Megaci t i es. Li mited. I SSMFE sponsorshi p woul d be t hrough Techni cal Commit t ee TC9 on h) Speci al case histori es e.g. Li mni c erupti on of vol canoes - Lake Nyos. Geotext i l es and Geosynt het i cs of whi ch Professor McGown is Chai r man. Thi s deci si on was enthusi asti call y endorsed by t he I SSMFE Boar d at its 1990 A speci al concept prepared by Mr. Vil l evieil l e, known as a “ Rovi ng Meet i ng i n Taipei. Seminar ” , t o provi de an effecti ve means of communi cat i on regi onall y as part of t he educat i on t opic was st rongl y r ecommended f or support by t he It has been agreed that t he Awar d Sel ect i on Commi ttee shoul d consi st of t wo Task Commit t ee. member s each f r om I SSMFE and I GS and one f r om Netl on. The Bri t i sh Geot echni cal Soci ety has agreed t o gi ve admini strati ve support to t he scheme. 4. The I nternati onal Counci l f or Sci enti fi c Uni ons ( I CSU) has also set up a Speci al Commit t ee concerned wit h I DNDR projects, under t he Detail s of t he scheme are as f oll ows: Chai r manshi p of Sir James Lighthil l . Mr. Leonar d at t ended a meet i ng of this commit t ee i n Oct ober 1990 and it was agreed that t here shoul d be 1. Net l on Li mit ed wil l f und t he project at a l evel of GBP8, 000 each second coll aborati on bet ween t he UI TA/ WFEO Task Commit t ee and t he I CSU year f or a mi ni mum of 10 years. Speci al Commit t ee wher e appropri ate, wit h t he project on Megaci t i es ci ted 2. The l ecture wil l be hel d every second year at t hree select ed venues i n as a good exampl e. A f urt her meet i ng of t hd I CSU commit t ee hel d i n Ameri ca, Asi a and Europe. February 1991 was att ended by Mr. Vil l evieil l e and Mr. Leonard. 3. The broad subj ect matt er of each l ecture wil l be “ Geosynt het i cs i s Geot echni cal Engi neeri ng” . 5. The UN I DNDR Secretari at i s based i n Geneva wit h Mr. N. Mer ani as 4. The paper wil l be publ i shed i n t he j ournal “ Geot ext i l es and Geo- Direct or and Dr. R. Hamil t on (seconded f r om t he US Geol ogi cal Survey) membr anes” . as Chi ef of t he Sci enti fi c and Techni cal Commit t ee (STC).

The Awar d Sel ect i on Commit t ee has been set up, and consi sts of t he f ol l ow­ 6. An i naugural meet i ng of the STC was hel d i n Bonn i n Mar ch 1991 att ended i ng: by representati ves of vari ous UN organisati ons, as wel l as Sir James Lighthil l f or I CSU and Mr. Vil l evi ell e and Mr. Leonar d f or UI TA/ WFEO. I GS V. Mil l i gan ( Canada) Thi s meet i ng endorsed a total list of 13 I DNDR “ demonst rat i on proj ect s” , M. Fukuoka (Japan) t hree of t hem recogni sed as UI TA/ WFEO projects, viz:

Net l on I. Paul ( UK) No. 8 - Desi gn, const ruct i on and modi f i cati on of bui l di ngs and structures t o wit hst and eart hquakes and/or ext r eme winds and "casualt i es versus I SSMFE A. McGown ( UK, Chai r man) structural damages. P. Janett ( Canada) No. 9 - Rovi ng Seminar The first Mer cer Lect ure wil l be gi ven by Professor R. M. Koemer of t he USA and wil l be presented i n Washi ngt on, USA, London, UK and eit her Kyushu or No. 10 - ‘ Pil ot project f or disaster mit i gati on i n hospit al facil i ti es i n Lati n Shai koku, Japan. The presentati ons wil l be gi ven bet ween February and May Ameri ca. 1992. Local arrangement s wil l be made by ASCE i n Washi ngt on, BGS i n t he UK and Professor Fukuoka i n Japan. The Wor l d Heal t h Organi sati on ( WHO) wishes to col l aborate i n part of No. 8 and No. 10 mar ked *.

Appendi x 8 I CSU had t hree of its proposal s accepted, namel y:

No. 1 Tropi cal cycl ones UI TA/ WFEO JOI NT PARTI CI PATI ON I N I DNDR No. 2 Vol cano hazards No. 3 Eart hquake hazards

1. The UI TA/ WFEO Joint Organi si ng Commit t ee ( JEC) consi sts of ten seni or I n addi t i on to t he above projects I CSU and UI TA/ WFEO wer e gi ven member s f r om t he t wo organisati ons, under t he chai rmanshi p of WFEO encour agement to prepare a j oint proposal f or a Megaci t i es project. Vice-Presi dent Michael Leonard. 7. The UI TA/ WFEO Task Commit t ee wil l set up a Wor ki ng Group t o devel op 2. I n Jul y 1990 JEC set up a wor ki ng party, l ater expanded to a UI TA/ WFEO pr ogr ammes f or t he approved projects and wil l be seeki ng f unds t o f i nance Task Commit t ee ( TC) f or I DNDR composed of Mr. A. Vi l l evieil l e (Ch), t hese endeavours. Mr. M. Leonar d (Dep. Ch), Mr. R. Chung (Sec) t ogether wit h Messrs. Carroll , Davenport , Packer, Gamier , Bennet and SGs ex offi cio. 8. Mr. Pecoux (Secretary General of UI TA) wrot e t o I SSMFE Secretari at on 26 Mar ch 1991 advi si ng that one of the “ demonst rat i on proj ect s” (Project 3. The TC organi sed a wor kshop 16/ 17 Oct ober, 1990 i n Pari s att ended by 8) was concerned wit h “ Ant i -hazard Const ruct i ons and Struct ures” wit h 35 i ndivi duals to di scuss t he decade. Dr. R. Hamil t on att ended f r om t he t he general content as bel ow: I DNDR Secretari at and gave an updat e on t he I DNDR pr ogr amme. Aft er

260 A genera] survey, i ncl udi ng t he cri ti cal analysi s of mechani cal res i stance XII 1CSMFE i n Rio de Janeiro, 1989 ( I SSMFE by- l aw 14D. 4) whi ch was not of vari ous structures to brutal sei smic and ext r eme wi nds stresses; build­ i ncl uded i n t he budget, travel expenses substanti al l y l ess t han expect ed and no i ng codes; and cost -t o-re ducti on of casualt ies versus structural damages, request s f or f i nanci al assi stance f or Young Geot echni cal Engi neers at i nter nati onal and nati onal levels, (eg Lati n Ameri ca, Sout h Eas t Asi a). Conf erences.

Mr. Pecoux advi sed that Dr. Davenport of Canada was C hai r man of this Speci f i c i t ems wher e t here are notabl e di f f erences bet ween budget and actual Wor ki ng Group and i nvi te d 1SSMFE t o desi gnate a correspondent to this RECEI PTS are: Group. I t em Budget Act ual Act ual - Budget 9. The I SSMFE Secretary General , Dr. R. H. G. Parry att ended t he General GBP GBP GBP Assembl y of UI TA hel d i n Pari s on 25 Apri l , 1991. Subscri pti ons 56, 000 61, 985 +5, 985 Interest 6, 000 18, 535 +12, 535 Appendi x 9 12th I CSMFE 26, 947 +26, 947

Speci f i c i t ems wher e t here are notabl e dif f erences bet ween budget and actual I SSMFE AUDI TED ACCOUNTS EXPENDI TURES ar e:

Item Budget Act ual Act ual - Budget Report by S ecretary General GBP GBP GBP

Travel and En tertai nment 24, 000 12,799 -11,401 1 J ANUARY 1989- 31 D ECEMBER 1989 Model Li brary 1, 784 +1, 784 Offi ce Equi pment 3,160 +3,160 YGEC 4, 000 -4,000 The I SSMFE audi t ed account s f or 1989 show an i ncrease i n cash bal ance of GBP39. 208 and a decrease of SFR55. 420. Taki ng GBP 1 = SFr 2. 4875 gi ves a net i ncrease of GBP16. 928 compar ed wit h a decrease of GBP200 i n t he 1989 SPECI AL FUNDS updat ed budget. The di f f erence was due l argely t o recei vi ng a donat i on of USD 15. 000 f r om t he USA ( GBP9. 660) whi ch was not i ncl uded i n t he budget and i ncome f r om i nvest ment s (i.e. i nterest) was GBP 10, 870 compar ed to GBP The f ol l owing f unds are i ncorporated wit hi n t he accounts: 6. 000 i n t he budget. Fund Recei pt s Expendi t ure Bal ance Speci f i c i t ems wher e t here are notabl e di f f erences bet ween budget and actual GBP GBP GBP RECEI PTS are: Kevi n Nash Gol d Medal Fund 4, 794* 1, 547 3, 247 I t em Budget Act ual Act ual - Budget US Donat i on “ H B Seed” Fund 9, 660 9, 660 GBP GBP GBP ' Assumes GBPl =SFr 3. 05 on average duri ng 1983- 5 when money received. Interest 6, 000 10, 870 4, 870 US Donat i on 9, 661 9, 661

Speci f i c i t ems wher e t here are notabl e dif f erences bet ween budget and actual EXPENDI TURES ar e:

Item Budget Act ual Act ual - Budget GBP GBP GBP

Travel and En tertai nment 22, 000 15,896 - 6, 104 Phot ocopyi ng 500 1,553 +1, 053 Tel ephone and Tel ex 1,300 961 -339 Post age 1, 000 1,791 +791 Newsl et t er 5, 000 7,2 46 +2,246 List of Member s 5, 000 2,800 - 2,200

The di f f erence bet ween budget and actual expendi t ure f or t he Newsl et t er occuned because fi ve newsl ett ers wer e pai d f or i n 1989 (I ssue 1988 No. 4 was pai d f or i n 1989). The cost of GBP2, 800 f or t he List of Member s is f or pri nt­ i ng only. Post age costs appear i n t he 1990 accounts.

1 J ANUARY 1990 TO DECEMBER 1990

The I SSMFE audi t ed account s f or 1990 show an i ncrease i n cash bal ance of GBP32. 132 pl us SFR43, 307. Taki ng 1 GBP = SFr2. 46 gi ves an overall i ncrease of GBP49. 736, compar ed wit h a budget ed defi cit of GBP5, 530. The di f f erence was due mai nl y to t he receipt of GBP26. 947 f r om t he registrati on f ees f or t he

261 I N T ER NA T I O NAL SO C I ETY FOR SO IL ME CHA N I CS y W D F OUN DA T I O N ENG I NEER I NG

RECEI PTS AND PAY MENTS ACCOUNT FOR TH E YEAR ENDED 31 D ECEMBER 1989

Credi t Barcl ays I nvest ment Uni versity Sui sse Bank Account s of Cambr i dge SFr £ £ £

CASH BALA NCE AT 1 J ANUARY 1989 141, 493 10,637 81, 787 (2,859)

ADD: RE CEI PTS Subscri pti ons 119,808 9,953 Lexi con sales and other Publi cati ons 383 Travel refund 1,982 Interest received 23 2, 010 8,849 Post age refund 79 Donat i on f r om US soci et y 9,661 261,32 4 34, 705 90,636 (2,859)

LESS: PAYMENTS Emol ument s and staff costs 14, 700 7,932 Travel and e ntert ai nment 17,85 1 27 Phot ocopyi ng 85 1,468 Tel ephone and telex 873 78 Post age 153 1, 718 St ati onery 372 310 Newsl ett er 7,2 46 List of member s 2,800 Audit fees 610 Bank charges 250 9 Corporat i on t ax 1, 718 Kevi n N ash Gol d Me dal 687 250 46, 417 - 12,220

ADD: TRANSFERS FROM OTHER ACCOUNTS - 65,498 6, 000

LESS: TRANSFERS TO OTHER ACCOUNTS 175, 000 6, 000 570 -

CASH BALA NCE AT 31 D ECEMBER 1989 SFr86 , 074 £47, 786 £90,066 £(9 , 079)

I NCREASE/ ( DECREASE) I N CASH BALANCE SFr(55, 419) £37, 149 £8, 279 £(6,220)

I nformati on: At 31 December 1989 — £l =SFr2. 4875

Audi t ed by Cooper s and Lybr and Deloitte.

262 I N T ER NA T I O NAL SO C I ETY FOR SO IL ME C HA N I CS A N D F OUN DA T I O N ENG I NEER I NG

RECEI PTS AND PAYMENTS ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 1990

Credi t Barcl ays I nvest ment Uni versi t y Sui sse Bank Account s of Cambr i dge SFr £ £ £

CASH BALANCE AT 1 J ANUARY 1990 86, 074 47, 786 90, 066 (9,080)

ADD: RECEI PTS Subscri pti ons 143, 493 3, 655 Lexi con sales and other publ i cati ons 160 Travel refund 871 Interest recei ved 7, 279 11, 256 Contri buti on f r om 12t h I CSMFE 26, 947 229, 567 86, 698 101, 322 (9,080)

LESS: PAYMENTS Emol ument s and staff costs 17, 644 8, 464 Travel and entert ai nment 12, 799 - Phot ocopyi ng - 803 Tel ephone, telex and f ax 1, 015 209 Post age - 1, 504 Stati onery 301 322 Newsl et t er 5, 818 List of member s 1, 294 Audi t f ees 725 Bank charges 186 72 Corporat i on t ax 2, 715 Model l i brary 1, 784 Off i ce equi pment - 3, 160 186 44, 167 - 14, 462

ADD: TRANSFERS FROM OTHER ACCOUNTS - 40, 593 - 19, 000

LESS: TRANSFERS TO OTHER ACCOUNTS 100, 000 19, 000 --

CASH BALANCE AT 31 DECEMBER 1990 SFrl 29, 381 £64, 124 £101, 322 £(4,542)

I NCREASE/ ( DECREASE) I N CASH BALANCE SFr43, 307 £16, 338 £11, 256 £4, 538

I nformati on: At 31 December 1990 - £l =SFr2. 4600

Audi t ed by Cooper s and Lybr and Deloitte.

263 Appendix 10

ISSMFE BUDGET YEARS 1990 THROUGH 1994

YEAR 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 INCOME AUDI TED AUDI TED SUBSCRI PTI ONS (1) (2) 57880 61985 58000 68000 68000 68000 OTHER I NCOMES e.g. SALES, I NTERESTS, etc. 14120 46513 11000 13000 15000 16000

EXPENDI TURES TRAVEL AND ENTERTAINMENT (3) 17880 12799 25000 25000 25000 27500 PHOTOCOPYING (3) (4) 1550 803 1500 1500 1600 1600 PHONE, TELE X, FAX (4) 950 1224 1320 1450 1600 1750 STATI ONERY (3a) (4) 680 623 700 700 740 740 POSTAGE (3a) (4) 1870 1504 2000 2000 2200 2400 AUDI TORS FEE (3) (4) BANK CHARGES 610 1552 800 900 1000 1100 LIST OF MEMBERS i ncl. PO STAGE (3) 2800 1294 0 0 7400 6400 NEWSLETTER (3) 7250 5818 6500 6800 7300 8000 CORPORATI ON TA X (3a) (4) 1720 2715 2500 2500 2500 2500 KEVIN NASH ME DAL (3) 0 0 1500 0 0 0 YGEC 0 0 6000 6000 6000 6000 MODEL LIBRARY 1700 1784 1000 1000 1000 1000 OFFI CE EQUI PMENT (5) 0 3160 1500 800 800 1000 VI DEO LECTURES 0 0 4500 5000 5000 0 EMOLUMENTS STAFF. OFFI CE COSTS (3) 22630 26108 37000 39000 40500 44500

I NCOME 72000 108498 69000 81000 83000 109000 EXPENDI TURES 59640 58585 91820 92650 102640 104490

SURPLUS OR (D EFICIT) 12360 62231 ( 22820) ( 11650) (19640) (4510) ACCUMULATED SURPLUS 161480 213498 190678 179028 159388 163898 (at end of year)

264 Appendi x 11 wi l h the modi f yi ng factors:

(a) The annual fee f or any Member S ociet y shoul d not be l ess t han 300 S wiss ISSMFE MEMBERSHIP FEES Francs.

(b) The annual Member S ociet y fee, di vi ded by t he numb er of member s, Expl anat i on of Pr esent and Pro posed Fee S t ructure should not excee d 35 S wiss Fr ancs.

Fol l owi ng recomme ndat i ons by t he Fi nance and Budget Co mmit tee it is Ext ract f r om Proc. 10th I CSMFE, Stockholm 1981 proposed that t he f ormula for det ermi ni ng Member S ociet y fees should be modifie d to: Vol. 4 P 153

(a) pl ace mor e emphasi s on t he Gross Nati onal Produc t/Capi t a i n det ermi n­ i ng t he f ees f or each Member S ociet y TABLE A

(b) gi ve an averag e i ncre ase in fees of about 15% MAIN CR I TERI ON ( A) - GROSS NA TI ONAL PRODUCT, U.S. DOLLARS, 106 PRESENT FEE * GNP ($10‘) Gr oup No.

The Annual Member shi p fee f or each Member S ociet y is based on t he f ormula <5, 000 1 5. 000 to 10, 000 2 Member S ociet y Fee = 195GN + 5. 2M Swiss Francs 10, 000 to 20 , 000 3 20. 000 to 40, 000 4 where: GN is the Group Number based, as its mai n cri ter i on, on the Gross 40, 000 to 80 , 000 5 Nati onal Produc t ( GNP) of a country, wi t h a subsi di ary adj ust ment (± one point 80, 000 to 160, 000 6 maxi mum) accordi ng to GNP per capita. 160, 000 to 320 , 000 7 320. 000 to 640, 000 8 M = numb er of i ndivi dual member s in the Member S ociet y bel ongi ng to 640, 000 to 1,2 80, 000 9 ISSMFE. 1,2 80, 000 to 2 ,560, 000 10 >2,560, 000 11 The basi s f or calculati ng GN is set out in the att ached t ables tak en f r om Vol ume 4, Proc. 10th I CSMFE Stockholm 1981. TABLEB

PROPOSED REV ISED GROUP NUMBER SUBSI DI ARY CR I TERI ON (B) - GROSS NA TI ONAL PRODUCT PER CAPI TA, US. DOLLARS It is proposed that t he “ mai n” cri ter i on based on GNP should be unchanged (Table A), but adj ust ment s to t he GN f or GNP/ capi t a shoul d be as gi ven bel ow. *GNP/per Ca p.($) Group No.

GNP/ cap Adj ust ment to GN obtai ned <500 1 US Dol l ars f r om Table A 500 to 1, 000 2 1, 000 t o 1, 500 3 0- 3000 -1 1, 500 t o 2 , 000 4 3000- 6000 0 2, 000 t o 2 , 500 5 6000- 9000 +1 2, 500 to 3 , 000 6 9000-1 2000 +2 3, 000 to 3 , 500 7 12000-15000 +3 3, 500 to 4, 000 8 15000- 18000 +4 4, 000 to 4, 500 9 18000- 21000 +5 4, 500 to 5, 000 10 21000-2 4000 +6 5, 000 to 5, 500 11 24000-27000 +7 5, 500 to 6 , 000 12 27000- 30000 +8 6, 000 to 6 , 500 13 6, 500 to 7, 000 14 The present 1 991 Group Number s, t ogether wi t h t he proposed rev ised number s 7, 000 to 7, 500 15 based on t he most recent i nformat i on on GNP and GNP/Capi t a in the Wor ld 7, 500 to 8 , 000 16 Bank Atl as, are given i n Table C. 8, 000 to 8, 500 17 8, 500 to 9, 000 18 9, 000 to 9, 500 19 PROPOSED REVISED FORMUL A 9, 500 to 10, 000 20 10, 000 to 10, 500 21 10, 500 to 11, 000 22 I n addi t i on to modi f yi ng t he GN it i s pr oposed that t he f ol l owi ng rev ised 11, 000 t o 11, 500 23 f ormul a shoul d be used: 11, 500 to 12, 000 24 12, 000 t o 12, 500 25 Member S ociet y Fee = 195 GN + 6 M S wiss Fr ancs 12, 500 to 13, 000 26

265 M otion 2 »Based on Wor l d Bank f i gures f or 1978 f r om Wor l d Bank Atl as

#Wher e t he Group Number based on C riteri on B is gre ater than or less t han 1SSMFE Member Societ y fees f or 1992 and until further noti ce will be d eter­ the Number based on C riteri on A, then the Group Number based on C riteri on mined by t he f ormula: A is i ncre ased or decreased accordi ngl y by one unit to arri ve at the fi nal Group Number . Member S ociet y fee = 195GN + 6M Swiss Francs

where GN is the Group Number and M is the numb er of i ndi vi dual member s TABLE C in the Member S ociet y bel ongi ng t o I SSMFE.

The cal cul ate d fee will be subj ect to t he f ol l owi ng qual i f yi ng factors: Member Present New Group Member Present New Societ i es Group Number s Societ i es Group Num (a) The annual fee for any Member S ociet y shoul d not be l ess t han 300 S wiss Number s Number s Francs Argent i na 6 5 Japan 12 17 Aust ralia 8 10 kenya 1 1 (b) The annual fee f or any Member S ociet y , di vi ded by the Number of Aust ria 7 10 Kor ea R . 6 6 Member s, should not excee d 35 S wiss Fr ancs. Bangl adesh 2 2 Mexico 5 5 Bel gium 7 9 Mor occo 2 2 Bol i vi a 2 0 Net herlands 8 10 TABLE 1 Brazi l 7 7 New Zeal and 5 6 Bul gari a 5 5 Nigeria 3 3 Canada 9 12 Nor way 7 11 MAIN CR I TERI ON ( A) - GROSS NA TI ONAL Chi l e 4 2 Paki st an 3 3 PRODUCT, U.S. DOLLARS, 106 Chi na 7 7 Par aguay 2 0 Col ombi a 3 3 Peru 3 3 * GNP ($10*) Gr oup No. Cost a Rica 2 0 Pol and 4 4 Czechosl ovaki a 7 7 Port ugal 5 4 <5, 000 1 Denmar k 7 11 S. Afri ca 5 4 5. 000 t o 10, 000 2 Ecuador 3 2 S. E. Asi a 6 5 10. 000 t o 20, 000 3 Egypt 3 3 Spai n 8 8 20. 000 t o 40, 000 4 Fi nl and 7 11 Sudan 1 1 40. 000 t o 80, 000 5 Franc e 10 13 Sweden 8 11 80. 000 t o 160, 000 6 Ger many 11 15 Switzerland 8 15 160. 000 to 320, 000 7 Ghana 1 1 Syri a 4 2 320. 000 to 640, 000 8 Greece 6 5 Tuni si a 3 1 640. 000 t o 1, 280, 000 9 Hungar y 5 5 Tur key 4 4 1. 280. 000 to 2, 560, 000 10 Iceland 3 7 U.K. 10 12 >2, 560 11 I ndia 6 6 U.S. A. 12 16 I ndonesia 4 4 U.S.S.R. 10 10 Iran 5 5 Venezuela 6 5 TABLE 2 Ireland 5 5 Viet nam 3 3 Israel 5 5 Yugoslavi a 6 4 Italy 10 12 Zi mbabwe 2 1 GNP/ cap Adj ust ment to GN US Dol l ars obtai ned f r om Table 1

ISSMFE COUNCIL MEETI NG. FLORENCE MAY 26. 1991 0- 3000 -1 3000- 6000 0 6000- 9000 +1 Proposed Revi si on of Member shi p Fees 9000- 12000 +2 12000- 15000 +3 15000- 18000 +4 MOTI ONS 18000- 21000 +5 21000- 24000 +6 24000- 27000 +7 Mot i on 1 27000- 30000 +8

The Group Number ( GN) f or det ermini ng I SSMFE Member Soci et y f ees f or 1992 and unti l f urt her noti ce wil l be det ermined on t he basi s of Gross Nati onal Product ( GNP) as gi ven i n Tabl e 1, but adj ust ed accordi ng t o GNP/Capi t a as gi ven i n Tabl e 2. I n det ermini ng GNP and GNP/Capi t a t he most recentl y avail ­ abl e f i gures i n t he Wor l d Bank Atl as wil l be used.

266 XIII ICSMFE, 1994. New Del hi , Indi a / XIII CI MSTF, 1994. New Del hi , I nde

INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING — MINUTES OF THE COUNCIL MEETING HELD IN ASHOK HOTEL, NEW DELHI, INDIA SOCIETE INTERNATIONALE DE MECANIQUE DES SOLS ET DE TRAVAUX DE FONDATIONS — PROCES-VERBAL DE LA REUNION DU CONSEIL TENUE A L’HOTEL ASHOK, NEW DELHI, INDE

January 4, 1994 08 30-1 230 hrs 1400-1800 hrs

PRESENT:

Prof N R M orgenst era Presi dent I SSMFE Mr G Do nal dson Vice-P resi dent Afri ca Prof K I shihara Vice-P resi dent Asi a Prof H G Poul os Vice-P resi dent Austral asi a Prof 11 S mol t czyk Vice-P resi dent Europ e Prof J K M i t chell Vice-P resi dent Nort h Amer i ca Prof L Decourt Vice-P resi dent South Amer i ca Prof V A I l yi chev Boar d Member Prof M Jam i ol kowski Boar d Member Dr R H G Pany Secretary G eneral I SSMFE

Prof M K E l-Ghamrawy I SSMFE Vice-P resi dent Elect Afri ca Mr M C Ervi n I SSMFE Vice-P resi dent Elect Austral asi a Mr V Mil l i gan I SSMFE Vice-P resi dent Elect Nort h Amer i ca Prof L Val enzuel a I SSMFE Vice-P resi dent Elect South Amer i ca Prof V F B d e Mel l o Past Presi dent I SSMFE Dr E Mar anas das Neves Representati ve I SRM Dr J Troncoso Chai r man TC7 Tail i ngs Dams Mr R D Woods Chai r man TC10- Geophysi cal Site Characteri zati on Dr R K Bhandari Representati ve TC11 - Landsl i des Prof M asao S at ake Chai r man TC13 - M echani cs of G ranul ar Materi als Prof I l an Jura n Chai r man TC17 - G round I mprovement Dr G E Bl i ght Chai r man TC25 - Tropi cal and R esi dual Soil s Mr M Ga mbin Chai r man TC27 - P ressuremeter and Dil atometer Test i ng

267 APOLOGIES:

Prof B B Broms I SSMFE I mmedi at e P ast Presi dent Prof J Keri sel I SSMFE P asl Presi dent Prof M Fukuoka I SSMFE P ast Presi dent Dr Za-C hi eh Moh I SSMFE Boar d Member Prof W F v an I mpe I SSMFE VP El ect Europ e Prof A S Bal asubramani am I SSMFE VP El ect Asi a Prof E Lousberg Secretary PCS Mr R Oliveira Secretary G eneral I AEG Mr Z Eisensl ein Representati ve I TA Dr M Cni den Chai r man TCI 1 - Landsl i des Dr H Mei ssner Chai r man TC12 - Vali dati on Computer Simul ati ons Prof R Jappelli Chai r man TC19 - P reservati on of Histori c Sites Prof K F ujita Chai r man TC28 - Underground Const ru cti on i n Soft G round

Member Soci ety Vot i ng Member Non- Vot i ng Member

Argenti na Australia Mr Max Ervi n Prof M ark Randol ph Aust ria Mr L Maert ens* Bangl adesh Bel giu m Mr L Maert ens Mr J de Ja eger Bolivia Brazi l Dr Sussumu Ni yama Mr Franci s Bogossi an Bul gari a Dr Dimit er AJexi ew Canada Mr Jo hn L Seychuk Mr Murt y S D evat a Chi l e Mr Eugeni o R et amal Mr Issa Kort Chi na Prof Ca n Wen Yang Prof X ue- Yuan Hou Col ombi a Mr Eugeni o R et amal * M A dol f o Alarcon Cost a R i ca Croati a Prof U S mol t czyk* Czech & Slovak R s Prof I Vani cek Dr J F eda Denmar k Prof J0rgen Steenfeit Mr Hans Denver Ecuador Egypt Prof M K E l-Ghamrawy Prof M M Ha mza Est onia Mr H R athmayer* Finl and Mr H R athmayer France Mr F Schl osser Mr M L ondez Ger many Chana Greece Dr Andr ew Lord* Hungar y Mr Josz ef Mecsi I celand India Shri H C Venna Prof Gopal Ranj an I ndonesi a Iran Dr Gat m iri Mr R ezvan Ireland Apol ogi es Israel Prof Gdal yah Wiseman Italy Eng S Marti netti Eng G Baldi Japan Prof Koi chi Akai Prof F umi o Tatsuoka Kenya Korea R Prof Hyung- Shi k Chung Dr S un- Wan Hong Latvia Lithuani a Prof U S mol t czyk* Mexi co I ng Gu i l l ermo Spri ngall Dr Eul al i o J Badillo Mor occo Mr Ejj aaouani Netherl ands Ir G W Beetstra Prof F B J Barends New Zeal and Mr L D Wesl ey Nigeri a Nor way Mr Tore Val st ad Paki st an Paraguay Peru Pol and Prof E D embi cki Pr of W Wol ski Port ugal Mr R C orrei a

268 Romani a Prof Ia ci nt Manol iu Prof M Popescu Sloveni a Prof I van Sovi nc South Afri ca Dr G Bl i ght Mr P Day S E Asi a Dr Ooi Tei k Aun Dr C hi n-Der Ou Spai n Dr V Escari o Sudan Sweden Dr Eski l Sell gren Swit zerl and Dr K E Suter Dr M arkus Ca prez Syri a Tunisi a Turk ey Dr Ergii n Togrol UK Dr J A Lord Dr R J M air USA Dr C harl es C Ladd Mr Harvey E Wahl s Russia Prof V A I l yi chev* Venezuel a Viet nam Yugosl avi a Zi mbabwe

’ denotes P roxy Vote

269 of it. On t aki ng offi ce he had sought advi ce f r om t he P ast Presi dent, Member Societi es, the Boar d and Counci l , whi ch had l ed to the 27 Internati onal TCs now worki ng. He had set out terms of reference for each INTRODUC TIO N TC, and asked each host Member Soci ety to select a chair and a core of peopl e for each TC, and had t hen sought names f r om all Member Soci eti es to make u p t he member shi p of the TC. Thi s TC stru cture had l ed to 3 or 4 1. The P resi dent opened the meet i ng at 8 . 45 am and wel comed Member focused meet i ngs each year. Other deli verables i nclu ded acti ve parti ci pa­ Soci ety delegates and i nvi ted parti cipants. He r emi nded the delegates that ti on i n sessi ons of the XI I I I CSMFE and the publ i cati on of several i nde­ t hey had t he authori ty for everyt hi ng that 1SSMFE di d and t hus they carri ed pendent reports. These acti viti es and products wer e summari sed i n t he t he responsi bil i ty for the fu ture directi ons and acti ons of t he society. The tabul ati on i nclu ded wit h the Counci l papers ( Appendi x 2). The vari ous TCs Soci ety had moved f r om a somewhat passi ve role, concerned most l y wit h had reached different stages of matur i t y and some wer e expl ori ng new quadrenni al Internati onal and R egi onal Conferences, to a much mor e acti viti es, notabl y TC 17 whi ch was promot i ng a new j ournal on G round acti ve and creati ve, and consequentl y exciti ng, role, refl ecti ng the wide I mpr ovement and was setti ng u p a n Internati onal Technol ogy Transf er diversity of i nterests embr aced by its member s. The future Boad, whi ch Centre i n this subject area. It had al ready obtai ned substanti al UN fu nd­ had a gui di ng role i n t he Soci ety’s affairs, woul d pay cl ose attenti on to the i ng. Over 400 I SSMFE m ember s wer e i nvol ved i n TC acti viti es. There discussi ons at t oday’s meeti ng. wer e al ready a number of offers f r om Member Soci eti es for both exi sti ng and new TCs.

QUO RU M 8. In addit i on to the i nternati onal TCs t here wer e al so some 10 Regi onal Techni cal Commit t ees i n Europ e, Asi a and Nort h Ameri ca.

2. A roll call at 10.30 am showed 3 4 v oti ng delegates to be present plu s 6 9. I n reply to a quest i on by Dr Lor d t he Secretary G eneral advi sed that the proxy votes. As 60 Member Soci eti es wer e enti tl ed to vote t he requi rement Secretari at did not have fu l l detail s of Europ ean TCs. under Statu te 12F that one-third, that is 20 v oti ng delegates, shoul d be present for general busi ness was met. Statu te 12F requi res that at l east t wo- 10. The P resi dent agreed wit h Dr Togrol that t he member shi p of TCs shoul d thirds of Member Soci eti es enti tl ed to vote shoul d have delegates present be regenerated f r om t i me to t i me, and that this i n fact already occurred wit h f or voti ng on changes of statu tes. As proxy votes do not count t owards this each i ncoming P resi dent. number, t he meet i ng was not quorate for voti ng on changes of statu tes. Al t hough t he number of voti ng delegates changed sli ghtl y duri ng the meet ­ 11. Dr Steenfelt poi nted out that onl y a relati vely smal l number of peopl e i n i ng, t he meet i ng di d not become quorate for changi ng statu tes, and I t em 9 any country coul d parti cipate i n I SSMFE acti vity and t hus dupl i cati on i n on t he agenda, concerned wit h an amendment to Statu te 12J and the addi ­ member shi p of Internati onal and R egi onal TCs shoul d be avoided. ti on of a related by- l aw 14B3, coul d not be consi dered by the meeti ng. 12. R eferri ng to t he tabul ati on, Dr Barends advi sed that administrati on reports for TC 16 and TC 18 wo ul d be submi t t ed soon. P rofessor Woods confi rmed MEMBERSHI P that TC 10 had prepared an administrati ve report and, i n additi on, had produced a publ i cati on, whi ch was now avail able, enti tl ed G eophysi cal Site Characteri sati on, consi sti ng of 12 tu tori als. P rofessor Krebs Ovesen 3. The Secretary G eneral presented his report ( Appendi x 1) confi rming that report ed that t he 700 p age P roceedi ngs of the Li mit State Symposiu m hel d on 30t h Sept ember 1993 I SSMFE c ompri sed 65 Member Soci eti es repre­ i n 1993 was avail able. P rofessor Troncoso r ecommended that TC 7 on senti ng 16, 743 i ndivi dual member s, an i ncrease of fi ve Member Societi es, Tail i ngsd Dams shoul d conti nue wit h Chi l e as t he host Member Soci ety. but a d ecrease of 1322 i ndivi dual member s si nce the l ast report ed fi gures Professor Jura n suggest ed that t he I nternati onal Technol ogy Transf er to Counci l on 3 1st December 1990. I n addit i on to the Member Soci eti es Centre set u p by TC 17 m i ght provi de an exampl e for I SSMFE to f ol l ow ment i oned i n his report whi ch had shown an encouragi ng i ncrease i n i n seeki ng Uni t ed Nati ons or other i nternati onal fu ndi ng. member shi p he ci ted Hungary, whi ch showed an i ncrease f r om 25 to 8 4. The Member Soci eti es badl y i n arrears wer e Boli vi a, Ecuador, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeri a. TASK FORCES

4. Expressi ng some concern at t he drop i n i ndivi dual member shi p the Presi dent voi ced the need to market I SSMFE, and t he publ i ci ty l eafl et to 13. In i ntroduci ng this i t em t he P resi dent expl ai ned that at t he outset of his be di scussed l ater was one effort t owards this end. peri od of offi ce a number of non-t echni cal i ssues i mport ant to I SSMFE had been i denti fi ed by t he Boar d and himself . He had f ormed Five Task 5. P rofessor Sovi nc i ntroduced t he new Sloveni an G eotechni cal Soci ety Forces, made u p o nl y of Boar d member s, to l ook i nto t hese i ssues, namel y whi ch had recentl y become a Member Soci ety of I SSMFE. Communi cat i ons, Corporate Member shi p, Publ i shing, Technol ogy Transf er and Educati on. He asked one member f r om each Task Force to 6. I n reply to a query by Dr R athmayer whet her or not all countri es permit ­ descri be its work. t ed to vote at t he meet i ng had pai d their I SSMFE member shi p for 1993, the Secretary G eneral repli ed that a smal l number had not paid, but because of their speci al ci rcumst ances and excell ent past records t he Boar d had COMMUNI CATI ONS TF G DONALD SON, H G POULOS r ecommended that t hey shoul d be al l owed to vote. Dr R athmayer advi sed that Finl and was opposed to this. 14. Mr Donal dson descri bed t he i nteracti ons whi ch had t aken pl ace wit h t he Asi an G eotechni cal Engi neeri ng I nformati on Cent er ( AGE) whi ch had TECHNI CAL COMMI TTEE ACTI VI TY resul ted i n proposal s to set u p:

(a) a databas e of databases 7. Expressi ng his sati sfacti on at the l evel of acti vity of I SSMFE Techni cal (b) a comprehensi ve i nformati on retri eval syst em. Commit t ees duri ng his t erm of offi ce, t he P resi dent said that t he TC stru c­ ture was still evol vi ng and t he Soci ety was still l earning to make fu ll use It was envi saged that I SRM and LAEG as wel l as I SSMFE m i ght contri buti

270 to the i ni t i ati ves. ( Appendi x 3) by Professor Mit chell , the Chai r man put the f ol l owing mot i on to the meeti ng: 15. The Boar d had vi ewed f avourabl y t he setti ng u p of a database of databases, the cost of whi ch woul d be modest , and this was l i kely to go ahead. “ Agreement s bet ween I SSMFE Sponsored Conf erence Organi zi ng Commit t ees and t he P ubl i sher of Conf erence P roceedi ngs shall i nclu de a 16. It was, however, felt by t he Boar d that t he proposal on I nformati on provi si on that t he P ubl i sher wil l pay a royalt y to I SSMFE of 10 p er cent Retri eval submi t t ed to it at its meet i ng i n Athens on 19th Sept ember 1993 of net receipts i n excess of the amount requi red to pay t he direct produc­ coul d not be r ecommended to Counci l , because it needed 2000 subscr i ber ti on and handl i ng costs of copi es provi ded to registered Conf erence del e­ member s to be self supporti ng. A revi sed proposal requi ri ng onl y 600 gates. When organizati ons i n addit i on to I SSMFE are acti ng as co-spon- member s had now been received and, wit h some minor cl ari fi cati on and sors, a mut ual l y acceptabl e agreement shoul d be negoti ated concerni ng the changes, coul d be submi t t ed to Counci l by t he next Board. Dr P oul os woul d divi si on of royalti es among t he parti ci pati ng organi zati ons.” be visiti ng Bangkok shortl y to discuss wit h AGE m i nor clari fi cati ons of t he document . Some starti ng f i nance woul d be needed f r om i SSMFE (and Professor Mit chel l also expl ai ned that no fur t her acti on was bei ng call ed possi bly I SRM and I AEG), but contributi ons coul d also be sought f r om for at this stage on t he “ Bit ech” cost shari ng proposal, but that t he i ncom­ i nternati onal fu ndi ng agenci es. All that was requi red f r om t he present i ng Board shoul d consi der this fur ther. It was bei ng appl i ed i n a somewhat Counci l meet i ng was support to proceed wit h fi nali sing the proposal for different f orm at t he 1st I CEG ( where the ri sk shari ng by I SSMFE i n fact submi ssi on to t he next Counci l meeti ng. ext ended to all aspects of t he conference).

17. Expl ai ni ng that t he member shi p of 600 was envi saged to bui l d over 5 years, 23. Aft er some bri ef discussi on, mai nl y concerned wit h elu ci dati on of points Dr P oul os also conf i rmed that t he servi ce woul d be avail able to I SSMFE i n t he moti on, it was carri ed as f oll ows: and other Soci ety member s. Member shi p woul d probabl y cost about $50 to $60 per year whi ch woul d gi ve benefi ci al access to t he database, as wel l For 24 v otes as other benefi ts such as a journal 4 t i mes per year. He had tested the present Agai nst 4 votes AGE syst em hi msel f to obtain i nformati on on base grouted pil es. Wit hi n Abst enti ons 14 votes 24 hours of sendi ng his f ax he had recei ved 50 references and 25 abstracts at modest cost. TECHNOLO GY TRANSFER T F KISHIHARA, U SMOLTCZYK 18. The P resi dent anti ci pated that t he next Boar d woul d be l i kely to fi nali se t he proposal f or t he next Counci l meet i ng wit h a budget and i mpl ement a­ ti on plan. He saw that t he Counci l meet i ng was gi vi ng its encouragement 24. Referri ng to his report ( Appendi x 4) P rofessor Smol t czyk said that this to conti nue wit h this initi ati ve. He also said t he Boar d felt that I SSMFE represented a start to build u p a fra mewor k of i nformati on on Internati onal News was a sui table means of communi cat i ng wit h member s, but it was a Donor Agenci es, procedures for accessi ng such fu nds and exampl es of frustrati ng t ask t ryi ng to obtai n sui table materi al for it. funded projects. I SSMFE was i nsti tu ti ng a seri es of i nformati on circul ars and this i nformati on woul d be presented as Circul ar No. 1.

CORPORATE MEMBERSHIP IT M B J AMI OLKOWSKI, N R 25. I n di scussi on P rofessor Jura n said that TC 17 woul d l i ke to parti ci pate i n MORGENSTERN, ZA-CHIEH M O H t he Technol ogy Transf er pr ogr amme t hrough its Internati onal Technol ogy Transf er Center. Professor Manol iu ci ted Tempus as a successfu l pr ogr amme, t hrough whi ch his own Uni versi t y i n R omani a had establi shed 19. Havi ng recei ved encouragement f r om t he 1991 Counci l meet i ng hel d i n l i nks wit h eight West ern Europ ean Universiti es. Florence to proceed wit h attracti ng Corporate Member shi p, t he P resi dent advi sed that he had, wit h t he hel p of Boar d member s, compi l ed a list of possi ble Corporate Member Organi sati ons wit h i nternati onal profi l es. He EDUCATI ON TF H G POULOS, ASSISTED BY ALL VICE- had sent i nvi tati ons to bet ween 100 and 200 of these very recentl y and there PRESIDENTS had al ready been some posi ti ve responses. The names woul d be acknowl­ edged i n I SSMFE News. Corporate Member fu nds woul d be u sed i n non- administrati ve acti viti es of t he Soci ety. Furt her i nvi tati ons woul d be sent 26. Professor P oul os advi sed that a substanti al amount of i nformati on had been out by the new Board. accumul at ed i n t hree of the f our or i ginall y t argeted areas l i sted i n his report ( Appendi x 5). These t hree areas covered model u ndergraduate curric ula, 20. I n reply to a quest i on by Dr Lord, t he P resi dent agreed that member s had experi ments and demonst rati ons and audi o-vi sual materi al. As yet no t he ri ght to ask t he Secretari at for names of compani es whi ch had been att empt had been made to establi sh annotated lists of sui table texts, but approached. R epl yi ng to a quest i on by P rofessor Ladd, he said that the ISRM had a Commissi on whi ch had made consi derabl e progress i n this Corporate Member f ee was $400 f or one year or $1600 f or 5 years. area, whi ch i nclu ded soil mechani cs texts. A paper by P rofessor P oul os i n Professor Togrol felt t he f ee shoul d be fi xed by Counci l . Some delegates t he P roceedi ngs of t he XI I I I CSMFE summari sed the wor k to date. expressed concern at t he effect of Corporate Member shi p on Member Soci ety Corporat e and I ndivi dual membershi p. There wer e also queri es 27. Anti ci pati ng that t he new Boar d woul d wish to conti nue wit h this initi a­ wit h respect to t he ri ghts of i ndivi dual s empl oyed by Corporate Member s. tive, P rofessor P oul os said parti cul ar attenti on might be pai d to establi sh­ i ng annotated lists of texts i n Engl i sh and other l anguages, curric ula for 21. I n conclu di ng this i t em t he P resi dent admit t ed that this was a sensiti ve post -graduate cours es, and computer soft ware. He also suggest ed that an matter, but it was also evolu ti onary, and he was confi dent that t he educati onal resourc e centre shoul d be set u p a s a reposi t ory for t he mat e­ Internati onal Soci ety, and consequentl y all its member s, woul d benefi t rial coll ected. f r om Corporate membershi p. 28. I n reply to a quest i on by P rofessor Steenfelt, P rofessor P oul os conf i rmed that the Vice P resi dents had approached selected Universi t i es i n their PUBLI SHI NG. TF J K M ITCHELL, L DECOURT regi ons to obtain materi al.

22. Fol l owi ng a brief summar y of the Task Force report on publ i shi ng

271 REGI ONAL REPORTS BY VICE- PRESIDENTS REGI ONAL VICE- PRESIDENTS 1 994-7

29. The si x R egi onal report s ( Appendi x 6a-6f) wer e summari sed bri efl y by 34. Elect ed I SSMFE Vice-P resi dents for t he peri od 1994- 7 were announced t he Vice-P resi dents. by t he P resi dent:

30. Some points i n t he report s wer e parti cul arl y highli ghted. Mr Donal dson Afri ca M K El G hamrawy wel comed t he reju venati on of t he Egypti an Member Soci ety, and their Asi a A S Bal asubramani am host i ng of the next Afri can R egi onal Conference. P rofessor P oul os assured Austral asi a M C Ervi n t he meet i ng that despit e t he reducti on i n member shi p number s t here was Europ e W van I mpe no reducti on i n enthusi asm or acti viti es i n t he Austral i an G eomechani cs Nort h Amer i ca V Mil l i gan Soci ety. P rofessor Smol t czyk advi sed that R omani a had post poned the next South Amer i ca L A P Val enzuel a Danube Europ ean Conf erence by one year to Sept ember 1995. He ci ted t he Czech and Slovak G eotechni cal Soci ety as a good exampl e of a G roup The announcement received accl amati on f r om t he meeti ng. Member Soci ety and i nf ormed the meet i ng that there was no l ack of hosts for future Europ ean Young Geotechni cal Engi neers Conferences. Professor Mit chel l advi sed t he meet i ng that t he next P anam Conf erence REPORT ON X I VI CSMFE, HAMBUR G 1 997 woul d be hel d i n Guadal aj ara on t he revi sed dates of Oct ober 29- November 3 , 1995 a nd the draft of Bul l eti n No. 1 woul d be di scussed at a meet i ng of P anam delegates to be hel d on t he next day. 35. A report prepared by t he G er man Conf erence Organi si ng Commit t ee ( Appendi x 8) was presented to t he meet i ng by P rofessor U. Smol t czyk, 31. In reply to a quest i on by Dr Escari o how he obtai ned the i nformati on for confi rming that pl anni ng for t he XI V I CSMFE to be hel d i n Hamburg 6 -12 his report, P rofessor Smol t czyk repli ed by visits and correspondence. Sept ember 1997 was wel l i n h?nd. Spai n had not responded to correspondence and had not sent parti ci pants to t he Young G eotechni cal Engi neers Conference. Dr Escari o said he had not recei ved a l etter f r om Professor Smol t czyk aski ng about the acti viti es ELECTI ON OF I SSMFE PRE SIDENT 1 994-7 of t he Spani sh Soci ety. Assuri ng the meet i ng that i n fact t he Spani sh Member Soci ety was very acti ve, Dr Escari o cited their hol di ng of a maj or symposiu m wit h 300 parti ci pants every 4 years, coll oqui a wit h i nvited 36. A secret ball ot to elect t he I SSMFE P resi dent for t he peri od 1994-7, t aken l ectur ers, and t wo meet i ngs wit h contractors each year. He said that Spai n i mmedi at el y after lu nch, gave t he f ol l owing result. wer e doubtful about the u sefu l ness of YGE CS. K I shihara 7 votes M B Jam i ol kowski 34 v otes PERMANENT COOR DINATING S ECRETARI AT S P rakash 1 vote

As Professor Jam i ol kowski had a maj ori t y on this first vote he was decl ared 32. I n the absence of the PCS Secretary f r om t he meeti ng, t he Secretary elected. Thi s was greeted wit h accl amati on by t he meeti ng. General presented his own report ( Appendi x 7) on t he PCS m eet i ng i n Li sbon on 21st Ju ne 1993, whi ch had been prepared for presentati on to the Board. Aft er conclu di ng their meeti ng, the Secretari es G eneral met wit h VENUE FOR 1 995 I SSMFE BOARD AND COU NCIL MEETING t he t hree P resi dents, pri mari l y to discuss the possibil i ty of establi shing a combi ned database for t he t hree sister Societi es, to i nclu de detail s of i ndi­ vi dual member s, statu tes, detail s of technical commit t ees/ commissi ons, 37. Invi tati ons wer e received f r om t he Organi si ng Commit t ees of all f our publ i cati ons etc whi ch coul d be accessed as desi red by each of the three I SSMFE Regi onal Conf erences to be hel d i n 1995, to host t he 1995 Boad Internati onal Soci eti es and their Member Societi es. The combi ned meet ­ and Counci l Meeti ngs. It was announced that voti ng woul d be by secret i ng agreed that this possibil i ty shoul d be pursu ed. ball ot. If on the first ball ot t here was no overall maj ori t y f or any venue the venue wit h the l owest number of votes woul d be deleted and a second ball ot taken. Thi s woul d be repeated u nti l one venue had an overall majori ty. The AMENDMENT TO STATUTE 12J AND ADDITI ON OF BY- LAW 14B J resul t of t he ball ots was as f oll ows:

Venue 33. The P resi dent expl ai ned that this i t em had been Lnclu 3d i n t he Agenda for Ball ot the meet i ng because voti ng at t he 1991 Counci l Meet i ng i n Florence on 1 2 3 t he venue of the 1997 XI V I CSMFE had resul ted i n a tie. He had resolved Cai ro - XI Afri can 15 17 21 this by tossi ng a coin. The Boar d felt t he geographi cal l ocati on of the 1991 Regi onal Conf erence 11- 15 December Counci l Meet i ng might have i nflu enced whi ch Member Soci eti es wer e able to have delegates present i n t he meet i ng and parti ci pati ng i n t he vote Copenhagen- 11t h Europ ean 15 19 21 and that a postal vote woul d be preferable. Consequentl y, t wo mot i ons to Regi onal Conf erence 28 M ay-1 Ju ne effect this by amendi ng Statu te 12J and addi ng a By- l aw 14.B.3 had been f ormul ated by the Boar d and put on t he agenda for this Counci l Meeti ng.I n Guadal aj ara - 10th P anam 7 6 t he event however, despit e deferri ng this i t em unti l l ater i n the meeti ng, a Conf erence 30 October- 4 November quor um of two-t hirds of Member Soci eti es enti tl ed to vote was not met and this i t em was abandoned. (Note: Proxy votes do not count i n establi shing Bei j i ng 10th Asi an 6 quorum). Regi onal Conf erence 29 August - 2 S ept ember

As this resul ted i n a ti ed vote, t he Chai r man consul t ed wit h the represen­ tati ves f r om t he Organi si ng Commit t ees f or the Cai ro and Copenhagen conferences, P rofessor Steenfelt and P rofessor El G hamrawy respecti vely,

272 whi ch resul ted i n an offer by P rofessor Steenfelt to wit hdraw the i nvita­ Mor genst em said that this had been achi eved by I SSMFE bei ng granted ti on to hol d the meet i ngs i n Copenhagen i n f avour of Ca i ro. Announci ng Affi l i ated Member shi p of the Internati onal Uni on of Geol ogi cal Sci ences this to t he meeti ng, the Chai r man t hanked the Dani sh Organi si ng ( I UGS) a nd by I SSMFE rejoining the Internati onal Uni on of Techni cal Commit t ee for their generosi t y and anr mnced Cai ro as the venue for the Associ ati ons (UATI). IUG S was a member of t he Internati ona] Counci ] of 1995 Boar d and Counci l Meeti ngs, to be hel d i mmedi at el y before t he XI Scienti fi c Uni ons whi ch was recogni sed by t he Uni t ed Nati ons. UATI was Afri can Regi onal Conference. Thi s announcement was received wit h also recogni sed by t he UN. It was u p t o I SSMFE now to make u se of t hese accl amati on. l i nkages.

43. Summari si ng his report on this i t em ( Appendi x 9) t he Secretary G eneral REPORT ON XI I I I CSMFE, NEW DELHI 1994 emphasi sed i n parti cul ar t he proposal that I SSMFE had put to UATI to i niti ate a Civi l Engi neeri ng Li brary Distri buti on Scheme to devel opi ng countri es. It was proposed that I SSMFE coul d t ake a l ead role i n this i n 38. The Secretary G eneral of t he I ndi an Organi si ng Commit t ee, Dr S Gu lhati, vi ew of its experi ence wit h the Model Li brary scheme. Thi s proposal had report ed that everyt hi ng was i n pl ace for t he hol di ng of the XII I I CSMFE. been received f avourabl y i n pri nci ple by t he UATI and di scussi ons wer e Up to a f ew days before 700 d elegates had registered and mor e registra­ proceedi ng on how t he scheme coul d be i mpl ement ed. ti ons wer e still bei ng received.

I NTERNATI ONAL I' ECADE F OR NATURAL DISASTER REDUC­ XV I CSMFE 2001 TI ON (I DNDR)

39. Bri ef st atements of i ntent off eri ng to host t he XV I CSMFE to be hel d i n 44. The Secretary G eneral said t here appeared to be very little geotechni cal 2001 wer e made on behal f of Osaka (Japa n), P ert h (Austral i a) and Turk ey. acti vity whi ch had been generated by the Internati onal Decade. An I DNDR Observi ng that it was encouragi ng that t hree Member Soci eti es wer e Worl d Conf erence to be hel d i n Yokohama 23-27 M ay 1994 a ppeared to al ready off eri ng to host t he XV I CSMFE, the P resi dent conf i rmed that have little geotechni cal content. I SSMFE TC4 had pr oduced a manual on other Member Soci eti es coul d still offer to host t he conference if t hey Sei smic Zoni ng Met hodol ogi es whi ch woul d be u sefu l i n i mpl ement i ng wished. The venue woul d be deci ded by a vol e t aken at t he next Counci l I DNDR eart hquake-hazard mit i gati on programmes. TC11 parti ci pated i n meet i ng to be hel d i n Cai ro i n 1995. a UNESCO Wor ki ng P arty whi ch had produced a Multilingual Landsl i de Gl ossary, al t hough this was not specifi call y an I DNDR initi ati ve. In addi ­ ti on, a proposal for l andsl i de hazard mit i gati on had been f orwarded to the 1ST I NTERNATI ONAL CONGRESS O N ENVI RONMENTAL 1CSU Techni cal Commit t ee for I DNDR, through I UGS. A l etter f r om the GEOTECHNICS ( 1ST I CEG) E D M O NTON 11 -15 JULY 1 994 Secretary G eneral to all Member Soci eti es, dated 28 M ay 1993, request ed i nformati on on I DNDR spo nsored geotechni cal acti viti es i n their countri es i ndicated many acti viti es related to the ai ms of I DNDR, but not generated 40. The P resi dent emphasi sed the speci al natur e of t he 1st I CEG, both i n by I DNDR. The j oint WFEO/ UATI Task Commit t ee for I DNDR had del e­ respect to t he i mport ance of t he subject matt er and t he equal shari ng of gated responsi bil i ty for one of its fi ve all ocated projects, that on responsi bil i ty by the Canadi an G eotechni cal Soci ety and I SSMFE, t hrough “ Megaci t i es” , to the Insti tu ti on of Civi l Engi neers i n London. TC5 on Envi ronment al Control and TC7 on Tail i ngs Dams. It was also Geotechni cal aspects wil l be i nclu ded i n this stu dy. Some geotechni cal necessari l y a fast track operati on. The second progress report recentl y contri buti ons had been made to an I DNDR Conf erence on Natura l submi t t ed to t he Steeri ng Commit t ee showed pl anni ng to be wel l on track. Disasters - P rotecti ng Vul nerabl e Communi t i es hel d i n London i n Oct ober Most speakers had been selected, i nclu di ng an address on poli cy matt ers 1993 and sponsored by the Insti tu ti on of Civi l Engi neers, The R oyal by t he Vice Direct or of Envi r onment for t he Wor l d Bank. About 100 to 1 25 Soci ety and The R oyal Academy of Engi neeri ng. of the submi t t ed papers woul d be selected, i n addit i on to i nvi ted papers. Expressi ons of i nterest i n att ending had been recei ved f r om 1300 poten­ tial delegates f r om 50 c ountri es. Bul l eti n No. 2, contai ni ng t he registrati on 1993 I SSMFE L I ST OF MEMBER S f orms, woul d be distri buted before 30 Ja nuary . The registrati on f ee woul d be CDN $700 f or earl y registrants. Bit ech woul d publ i sh the P roceedi ngs and woul d market post -conference sales i n a j oint arrangement wit h 45. The Secretary G eneral conf i rmed that 4500 c opi es of t he 1993 I SSMFE Thomas Tel f ord Li mit ed. list of member s had been pri nted by Bal kema and distributed i n bul k to Member Societi es, each recei vi ng a number equal to about 20% of their 41. In reply to a comment by P rofessor Jam i ol kowski that a Second Congress membershi p. shoul d be hel d at an earl y date to consol i date the seri es, the P resi dent said he t hought the new Boar d shoul d combi ne TC5 and TC7 i nto one Techni cal 46. A number of cri ti ci sms of t he List wer e made by Mr R athmayer, who Commit t ee wit h a sui table host Member Soci ety and Chai r man charged observed that i ndivi dual Member Soci eti es had i nterpreted the ru l es differ­ wit h the t ask of organi si ng the 2nd I CEG, possi bl y i n t wo years t i me. There entl y and some essenti al i nformati on had not been i nclu ded. He t hought was also some discussi on on t he relati onship bet ween this Congress and all entri es shoul d be i n t he Engl i sh l anguage only. sessi ons on envi ronmental topics at Internati onal and Regi onal Conferences. The l atter wer e seen by P rofessor Jam i ol kowski as bei ng mor e specifi c i n topic. Finall y t he P resi dent emphasi sed that t he broad MODEL LI BRARY concern of I SSMFE shoul d be wit h t he geotechni cs of wast e management .

47. Remindi ng the meet i ng that t he Model Li brary scheme had been i niti ated I NTERNATI ONAL AFFI LI ATI ONS by his predecessor Dr Broms, the P resi dent asked t he Secretary G eneral to revi ew t he present posi ti on. I n response t he Secret ary G eneral confi rmed that 24 sets of UK coll ected books had now been distributed, and all reci p­ 42. In stressi ng that one of his mai n objecti ves on becoming P resi dent of i ents had also received, t hrough P rofessor Hol t z of t he Uni versi t y of I SSMFE was to regul ari se t he posi t i on of I SSMFE wit h respect to t he i nter­ ’ Washi ngt on, a copy of Tayl or, Fundament al s of Soil Mechani cs; Hol t z and nati onal communi t y of sci ence and t echnical organisati ons, Dr Kovacs, An I ntroducti on to G eotechni cal Engi neeri ng; and t he Bost on

273 Soci ety of Civi l Engi neers Contri buti ons to Soil Mechani cs 1925-40, pati on by I SSMFE i n produci ng this vi deo shoul d be consi dered by the 1941- 53,1954-62. Sets of Spani sh books, off ered by the Spani sh Member i ncoming Board. It was anti ci pated that the cost of this vi deo woul d be Soci ety t hrough Dr Escari o, had been sent to each of the South Amer i can consi derabl y l ess t han the P eck vi deos, as Dr Hoek was resi dent i n Member Societi es. Dr I. J Nuyens, Chai r man of the Bel gi an Member Vancouver. The requi red i nvest ment f r om I SSMFE woul d be US$ 4000. Soci ety had submi t t ed a suggest ed list of French l anguage books for the Model Li brary scheme. Thi s list had been ci rcul ated to French speaki ng 53. Mr Ga mbi n advi sed that TC27 had nearl y fi nali sed a coll ecti on of 36 s l i des Member Soci eti es aski ng if t hey wished to t ake any acti on on this. on P ressuremeter Testi ng, wit h descri pti ons i n Engl i sh and French, whi ch woul d shortl y be sent to the Secretari at. 48. Mr Ga mbi n advi sed that the Comit e Francai s de la Mecani que des Sol s had prepared a proposed list of books ( Appendi x 10) and ci rcul ated this to the Member Soci eti es of Bel giu m, Canada and Swit zerl and to obtain their ME R CER L ECTURE agreement. The agreed list, t ogether wit h a budget for distri buti on to reci p­ i ents i n countri es such as Morocco, Tunisi a, Egypt, R omani a, Algeri a and Iran, woul d shortl y be submi t t ed to I SSMFE for its approval to proceed 54. It was conf i rmed by t he Secretary G eneral that the 1994 Mer cer Lectur er, wit h this enterpri se. Mr Ga mbi n also said that a newsl ett er i n French was chosen by I SSMFE, IG S a nd Netl on, was P rofessor J . P G our c of the pl anned for distri buti on to French speaki ng Member Soci eti es - he woul d Universi t y of G renobl e, France, his first deli very of the l ectur e, enti tl ed keep t he P resi dent and Secretary G eneral i nformed of progress on this. “Geosyntheti cs and the Envi r onment ” woul d be on Sunday 9th Ja nuary Finall y Mr Ga mbi n asked for a list of the Spani sh books whi ch had been as part of the pr ogr amme of the XI I I I CSMFE i n New Delhi. Other venues sent to the South Amer i can Societi es. for the l ectur e were l i kely to be at a G eosyntheti cs Conf erence at Drexel Universi ty, P hil adelphia i n December and at a P ol yt echni c Exhi bi t i on i n 49. The P resi dent conf i rmed that the list of Spani sh books woul d be i nclu ded Lyon i n France i n November. wit h the minutes of the meet i ng ( Appendi x 11). He also said that the Board had r ecommended that there shoul d be a pause wit h respect to fur t her i mpl ementati on or ext ensi on of the Model Li brary Scheme. PUBLICITY LEAFLET

I SSMFE NEWS 55. Drawing t he attenti on of the meet i ng to the publ i ci ty l eafl et prepared by t he Secretari at u nder the gui dance of t he Board, t he P resi dent said its purp ose was to demonst rate to geotechni cal engi neers worl dwide why t hey 50. Aft er an i ntroducti on by the P resi dent, emphasi si ng t he i mport ance of shoul d be member s of I SSMFE. The Secretary G eneral conf i rmed that the I SSMFE News i n mai ntai ni ng communi cat i on wit h member s, the l eafl et woul d be u pdated by i nclu di ng t he name of t he new P resi dent and Secretary G enera] summari sed his report ( Appendi x 12), drawing parti c­ t hen distri buted to Member Societi es, each receivi ng a number equal to ul ar attenti on to the need for fu ll cooperati on f r om Member Soci eti es to about 1.5 t i mes their I SSMFE membershi p, u nl ess otherwise requested. provi de i t ems for i nclu si on i n the News. He had wri t t en t wice to all Member Soci eti es aski ng t hem to each appoi nt a correspondent to sepd i t ems to t he Secretari at for i nclu si on i n I SSMFE News. The response to I SSMFE ACCOUNTS FOR 1 991, 1992 date had been rather poor, but he i ntended to persist wit h this. He hi gh­ l i ghted the arti cle on t he Tower of Pi sa, i n the May 1993 i ssue, as an excel ­ l ent exampl e of t he t ype of arti cle whi ch coul d be obtai ned by direct 56. Revi ewing his report on t he I SSMFE accounts for 1991, 1992 ( Appendi x request. 13) the Secretary G eneral said that substanti al surp luses i n each of the t wo years had been achi eved mai nl y because of hi gher i nterest rates t han expect ed on i nvestments, and l ower t han budget ed expendi tur e on emolu­ SLI DES AND VI DEOS ments, travel and offi ce costs, and no expendi tur e on YGECs or vi deos. The audi t ed accounts for 1993 wo ul d not be avail able for three of f our months; t hese accounts woul d show a surp lus, but smal l er t han i n 1991 and 51. The Secretary G eneral report ed that 42 sets of Expansi ve Soil s Sli des (40 1992. sl i des per set coll ected by TC6) had been sold by t he Secretari at at GBP 30 + GBP 3 for post and packi ng, and 9 sets of Off shore G eotechni cal 57. In reply to a quest i on by P rofessor Togrol, the Secretary G eneral said that Engi neeri ng Sli des (35 s l i des per set) coll ected by TC14, at GBP 27 + GBP the bi g dif f erence i n actua l and budget ed corporati on tax arose because 3. The Japa nese Soci ety for Soil Mechani cs and Foundat i on Engi neeri ng i nterest rates i n 1991 and 1992 had been much hi gher t han expected. had generousl y donated to I SSMFE 40 sets of sli des (30 s l i des per set) on I SSMFE pai d corporati on tax at the rate of 25% on i nterest earned. Soil I mprovement , wit h parti cul ar reference to the constru cti on of Kansai Airport. These wer e bei ng sold by t he Secretari at at GBP 27 + GBP 4 . A 58. Accept ance of the accounts was proposed by Mr Seychuk, seconded by set of 28 s l i des of cart oons prepared by TC11, i l lu strati ng t he Multilingual Professor Mart i netti and carri ed u nani mousl y. Landsl i de G l ossary, had ju st been received by t he Secretari at and fur t her sli des showing exampl es of the vari ous t ypes of l andsl i des wer e bei ng coll ected. Professor Jam i ol kowski had also advi sed hi m that he had I SSMFE BUDGET coll ected a set of 28 s l i des on t he P i sa Tower, t ogether wit h fu ll descri p­ ti ons, whi ch he woul d be f orwardi ng to t he Secretari at shortl y. 59. The I SSMFE Budget for 1993- 7 ( Appendi x 14), prepared by t he Finance 52. R evenue f r om the R al ph P eck vi deos sold u p t o 31 D ecember 1992 had and Budget Commit t ee consi sti ng of Professor j amiol kowski , Dr totall ed CND 15,088 , of whi ch CND 3 923 had accru ed to I SSMFE. Thi s Smol t czyk and the Secretary General , was presented by P rofessor compar ed wit h an outl ay of US$ 8000 b y I SSMFE. No fur t her copi es of Jami ol kowski , who expl ai ned that it had been di vi ded i nto an Ordi nary t hese vi deos had been sold i n 1993, and a proposal by Bit ech to reduce the Budget and Ext raordi nary Budget, t he f ormer embodyi ng receipts and pri ce of each vi deo to CND$ 195 was supported by t he Board. Despi t e the expendi tur es concerned wit h t he administrati on of the Soci ety and the smal l number of P eck vi deos sold, Bit ech was proposi ng to go ahead with latter embodyi ng receipts and expendi tur es associ ated wit h all other acti v­ maki ng a vi deo wit h Dr Evart Hoek on “Accept abl e and P racti cal Desi gn ities. Recei pts i n the Ordi nary Budget came f r om Member Soci ety i n R ock E ngi neeri ng” . The present Boar d had r ecommended that parti ci­ subscri pti ons and i nterest on i nvestments, and expendi tur es covered staff

274 emolu ment s, travel and offi ce expenses. R ecei pts i n the Ext raordi nary Appendix 1 Budget i nclu ded conference i ncome, corporate member subscri pti ons and sales, whi l e expendi tur es covered i t ems such as conference support, model l i brary, I SSMFE News, UATI subscri pti on, producti on and distri buti on of MEMBERSHI P OF ISSMFE sale i t ems and t he Kevi n Nash gol d Medal . He descri bed it as an essen­ tially conservati ve budget and despit e some overall fall i n accumul at ed surp lus up to 1 997, he f oresaw no need to i ncrease Member Soci ety Repor t by Secret ary G ener al subscri pti ons. In fact some sli ght i ncrease i n Member Soci ety i ncome was anti ci pated ari si ng f r om i ncreased membershi p. It was assumed that i nter­ est rates woul d stabil i se at about 5 % . MEMBERSHIP NUMBERS

60. I n drawing u p t he budget a conservati ve approach had been adopted, assumi ng receipts t owards the l ower l i mit of possi ble amount s and expen­ Member shi p number s on Sept ember 30 , 1993 are gi ven bel ow, t ogether wit h ditur es t owards t he u pper l i mit. Thi s had resul ted i n a budget ed surp lus in correspondi ng fi gures on December 3 1, 1990, report ed to t he Counci l Meet i ng 1993 o n t he Ordi nary Budget of GBP 2560 , decl i ning to a defi cit i n 1997 i n Florence on May 26, 1991. of GBP 1 0,300. On t he other hand, i n the Ext raordi nary Budget, whi l e a defi cit of GBP 20 ,500 was anti ci pated i n 1993, thereafter a surp lus was Member Soci eti esl ndivi dual Member s anti ci pated each year, ri sing to GBP 1 0,600 i n 1997. Overall , t he accumu­ December 3 1, 1990 60 18065 l ated consol i dated surp lus decl i ned f r om GBP 253 160 at the end of 1992 Sept ember 30 ,1993 65 16743 to GBP 20 9820. Emphasi si ng agai n t he conservati ve natur e of this budget., Professor Jam i ol kowski expressed t he vi ew that this decl i ne shoul d not Thus, there has been a drop i n i ndivi dual member shi p of 1322 si nce December cause any concern as t he accumul at ed surp lus i n 1997 still amount ed to 1990, mai nl y as a resul t of a drop f r om 4730 to 3400 i n USA membershi p. 2.5 t i mes the annual i ncome f r om Member Soci ety subscri pti ons, whi ch Other countri es to show signifi cant drops are Australia (500/420), Canada was hi gh for a l earned society. (1088/969) a nd Italy (660/488). Member Soci eti es showing a signifi cant i ncrease i n member shi p i nclu de Japa n (1013/1142), Korea R (2 4/84) and UK 61. The P resi dent conf i rmed that he t hought it was, qui te ri ghtl y, a conserva­ (650/963). The i ncrease i n t he number of Member Soci eti es refl ects t he accep­ ti ve budget. The present accumul at ed surp lus, more t han 3 ti mes t he annual t ance i nto member shi p of t he new Soci eti es of Estonia, Lithuania, R omani a, i ncome f r om Member Soci ety subscri pti ons, was high. However he saw Croati a and Slovenia. The ol d USSR S oci ety is now repl aced by t he R ussi an t he need to seek addit i onal sourc es of revenue to fu nd expandi ng acti vi­ Member Soci ety. ties.

62. Dr R athmayer said he was pl eased to see conference surc harges i n the MEMBE R SOCIETIES BADLY I N ARREARS Ext raordi nary Budget and asked i f revenue f r om Regi onal Conf erences was i nclu ded. P rofessor Jam i ol kowski repli ed that onl y revenue f r om the XI I I 1CSMFE, 1st I CEG and X I V I CSMFE was i nclu ded i n this budget. Member Soci eti es whi ch on Sept ember 30 , 1993, had not pai d their I SSMFE Dr R athmayer asked if this conf or med wit h t he resolu ti on of t he 1983 member shi p subscri pti ons for 3 y ears or mor e are l i sted bel ow: Counci l Meet i ng and t he Secretary G eneral assured hi m that the 1985 r eso­ luti on specifi call y exclu ded any revenue f r om Regi onal Conf erences Member Soci eti es Last P ayment accru i ng to I SSMFE. Bol i vi a 1985 Cost a R i ca 1989 63. I n reply to Dr Lord, who asked if t he additi onal acti viti es woul d i ncrease Ecuador No payment si nce t he wor k of t he Secretari at, t he P resi dent said he envi saged no expansi on reinst atement i n 1990 of t he Secretari at i n t he next f our y ears, but somet i me after that some Ghana 1990 expansi on may be necessary. Israel 1990 Kenya 1988 64. There was u nani mous acceptance of t he budget by t he meeti ng. Nigeri a 1989

CLOSING R E M A R KS VOTING RIGHTS A T JAN 4, 1994, COU NCIL MEETING

65. Professor Steenfelt proposed a vote of t hanks to t he P resi dent for his Statu te 4.1 states: conduct of the 1991 and 1994 Counci l Meeti ngs, to whi ch t he meet i ng responded enthusi asti call y. He also ur g ed t he P resi dent-elect and Secretary “A Member Soci ety whi ch has fail ed to pay its annual subscri pti on and General to encourage t he u se of overheads to summari se presentati ons to other dues wit hi n t he prescri bed peri od shall automati cal l y cease to receive Counci l , as a servi ce to t he many delegates for whom Engl i sh was not their t he benefi ts of member shi p of t he Internati onal Soci ety and its member ­ mot her t ongue. shi p shall be deemed to be suspended.”

66. The P resi dent t hanked t he Secretary G eneral and Mrs Cobb for maki ng the Bye-l aw 4H.1 states: arrangement s f or t he Counci l Meet i ng and he also expressed his appreci ­ ati on to t he I ndi an G eotechni cal Soci ety for t he arrangement s t hey had “Subscri pti ons are due annual l y i n advance on 1st Ja nuary each year and made to ensure a successfu l meeti ng. Thanki ng t he delegates for their must be pai d wit hi n ni ne mont hs of that date.” att endance he t hen cl osed t he meeti ng. Thus, voti ng ri ghts at t he Counci l Meet i ng on Ja nuary 4, 1994 wil l be accorded onl y to t hose Member Soci eti es whi ch are fu l l y pai d u p t o and i nclu di ng 1993, unless otherwise granted voti ng ri ghts by t he meeti ng. The P resi dent may request such ri ghts for a smal l number of countri es whi ch have recentl y expe­ ri enced great u pheaval s, bot h poli ti call y and economical l y.

275 ISSMFE MEMBERSHIP 30 S EPTEMBER 1993

Soci eti es Member s Afri ca Asi a Austral asi a Europ e N. Amer i ca S. S. Amer i ca Argenti na 93 93 Australia 420 420 Aust ria 74 74 Bangl adesh 55 55 Bel giu m 62 62 Bolivia 13 13 Brazil 272 272 Bul gari a 92 92 Canada 969 969 Chi l e 35 35 Chi na 106 106 Col ombi a 30 30 Cost a Ri ca 58 58 Croatia 43 43 Czech R epublic 43 43 Denmar k 275 275 Ecuador 57 57 Egypt 20 20 Est oni a 30 30 Fi nl and 350 350 France 746 746 Ger many 1345 1345 Ghana 33 33 Greece 139 139 Hungar y 25 25 I cel and 28 28 India 430 430 Indonesi a 70 70 Iran 37 37 Ireland 73 73 Israel 74 74 Italy 488 488 Japan 1142 1142 Kenya 21 21 Korean R 84 84 Lithuani a 40 40 Mexi co 463 463 Mor occo 12 12 Netherl ands 325 325 New Zeal and 240 240 Ni geri a 58 58 Norway 335 335 Paki st an 80 80 Paraguay 12 12 Peru 25 25 Pol and 128 128 Port ugal 133 133 Romani a 27 27 Sloveni a 31 31 South Afri ca 660 660 S. E. Asi a 330 330 Spain 230 230 Sudan 25 25 Sweden 517 517 Swit zerl and 264 264 Syri a 12 12 Tuni si a 30 30 Turkey 57 57 UK 963 963 USA 3400 3400 Russia 356 356 Venezuel a 37 37 Vi et nam 18 18 Yugosl avi a Zi mbabwe 103 103 Total 16743 962 2438 660 7219 4832 632

276 Appendix 2 TC18 Pil e Dri vi ng. Netherl ands / A van Weel e. Col l aborati on on 4th Int. Stress Wave Conf. , The Hague, Sept ember 1992. Summar y of Techni cal Commit t ee Act i vi t y 1989-93 TC19 Preservati on of Histori c Sites. Italy / R Jappell i . Spec. Publ n. on Itali an Histori c Sites 1991. Int. Rpt. wit h bi bl i ography for XII I I CSMFE. TCI Insl ru mentati on, Tel emet ry and Dat a Processi ng. Host Member Soci et y : Nor way / Ch ai r m an : E Di Biagio. No Acti vi t y reported. TC20 Professi onal Practi ce. UK / P Green. Publ. Vol . of Count ry Report s.

TC2 Centri fu ge Testi ng. USA / Hon- Yi m Ko. Centri fu ge ’91 Conference, TC22 I ndurated Soil s and Soft Rocks. Japan / K Akai . Col l aborati on on Int. Boul der USA, Ju ne 1991. P ubl i shed P roceedi ngs. P l anni ng Centri fu ge Symp. on Har d Soi l s-Soft Rocks, Athens, Sept ember 1993. Prepari ng ’94 Singapore, Sept ember 1994. Rpt. on Test i ng Met hods.

TC3 Ari d Soil s. Russi a / V Petrukhin. 1st Internati onal Symposi um on TC23 Li mit State Desi gn i n Geotechni cal Engi neeri ng. Denmar k / K Engi neeri ng Characteri sti cs of Ari d Soil s, London, Jul y 1993. Publ. Mort ensen and N Krebs Ovesen. Spec. Symp. on Li mit Slate Desi gn, Proc. Copenhagen, May 1993. Publ. Proc. Li ai son wit h Eur ocode 7.

TC4 Eart hquake Geotechni cal Engi neeri ng. Japan / K Ishihara. Wor kshop TC24 Soil Sampl i ng. Italy / MB Jamiol kowski . Three Nati onal Report s on Sei smic Zoni ng, Li sbon, July 1992. Publ. Proc. Col l ect ed vol ume presented at XII I I CSMFE. of papers: “ Perf ormance of Ground and Soil Structures duri ng Eart hquakes” . TC25 Tropi cal and Resi dual Soil s. Sout h Afri ca / G Bli ght. 3rd I COTRS at 10th Afri can Regi onal Conference, Lesotho, Sept ember 1991. Publ. TC5 Envi ronment al Control. USA / J Nel son. Planni ng 1st I CEG. Proc. Desi gn Gui del i nes i n preparati on.

TC6 Expansi ve Soil s. Canada / D Fredl und. 7th Int. Conf. of Expansi ve TC26 Cal careous Sedi ments. Australi a / R Jewell . No acti vity reported. Soil s, Dall as, August 1992. Publ. Proc. Sli de set coll ected. TC27 Pressuremeter and Dil atometer. France / M Gambi n. Seminar at LNEC, TC7 Tail i ngs Dams. Chi l e / J Troncoso. Planni ng 1st I CEG. One- day Li sbon, May 1992. State-of-t he-Art Rpt. prepared. Set of sli des Seminar at I X Panam Conference, Viña del Mar 1991. Publ. Proc. coll ected. 1992. TC28 Under gr ound Const ruct i on i n Soft Ground. Japan / K Fuji ta. One-day TC8 Frost. Finl and / E. Slunga. 2nd Internati onal Symposi um on Frost., Int. Symp. , New Delhi, January 1994. Publ. Proc. Anchorage, June/Jul y 1993. Publ. Proc.

TC9 Geotexti l es and Geosyntheti cs. UK / A McGown. Mercer Lecture. Publ. Vol. of Case Histori es. Appendi x 3

TC10 Geophysi cal Site Characteri sati on. USA / R Woods. Publ. Vol. of Sel ect ed Papers. REPORT TO COUNCI L OF THE TASK FORCE ON PUBLI SHI NG TC11 Landsl i des. Canada / D Cruden. 6th Int.. Symp. on Landsl i des, (J K Mit chel l and L Décourt ) Chri st church NZ, Feb 1992. 7th Int. Symp. pl anned Tr ondhei m, June Oct ober 15, 1993 1996. UNESCO Wor ki ng Part y - Wor l d Landsl i de Invent ory. Publ. Mul t i l i ngual Landsl i de Glossary. Col l ect ed sli de set. I NTRODUCTI ON AND BACKGROUND TC12 Vali dati on of Comput er Simul ati ons. Ger many/ H. Mei ssner. No acti v­ ity reported. The Task Force on Publ i shi ng was appoi nted by Presi dent Mor genst em i n TC13 Mechani cs of Granul ar Materi als. Japan / M. Sat ake. Tech. Rpt. for August 1989 to st udy possibil i ti es f or t he I SSMFE to undert ake its own XI I I I CSMFE. publ i shi ng acti viti es i n cooperati on wit h a suitabl e publ i shi ng company that woul d be responsi ble for publi cati on, management , producti on, and market ­ TC14 Off shore Geotechni cal Engi neeri ng. USA/ D. Murf f . Col l aborati on on i ng. The moti vati on was pri mari l y fi nancial, so that i ncreased revenues woul d 4th Int. Stress Wave Conf. , The Hague, Sept ember 1992. Sli de set be avail able for support of I SSMFE acti viti es, especi all y t hose i n our l ess devel ­ coll ected. Tech. Rpt. for XII I CSMFE. oped member countri es. Other advantages that might accrue i ncl ude i mproved coordi nati on and quali ty control of the diverse publ i cati ons of the Soci ety, TC15 Peat. Russi a / P. Konaval ov. Wor kshop, Delft, June 1993. Publ. expanded publi cati ons output, i mproved marketi ng, and better t echnol ogy “ Advances i n Underst andi ng and Model l i ng the Mechani cal transfer among member s. Undert aki ng such an acti vity woul d require a very Behavi our of Peat ” . substanti a] commit ment of t i me, skills, and resources by some member s of I SSMFE. Wit h t hese pros and cons i n mind, and at t he request of the Presi dent TC16 Penetrati on Testi ng. Netherl ands / W. Hei j nen. Li ai son wit h CEN and and t he Boar d at its meet i ng i n Tai pei i n Apri l 1990, proposal s wer e soli cited I SO establi shed. Wor kshop i n Piezocone pl anned, l ate 1994. f r om fi ve publ i shi ng compani es: ASCE, New York; Bal kema, Rott erdam; BiTech Publi shers, Vancouver; Ernst & Sohn, Berl i n; and Thomas Telford, TC17 Ground I mprovement , Rei nf orcement and Grouti ng. USA / I. Juran London. The proposers wer e asked to consi der both royalt y and co-publ i shi ng and J. Wal sh. Sett i ng up Internati onal Centre for Technol ogy Transf er arrangements. The results of t hese soli citati ons wer e summar i zed and - Ground I mpr ovement Geo-Syst ems. Devel opi ng Internati onal presented to t he Counci l at its meet i ng on 26 May 1991 i n Florence. Knowledge Database. Promot i ng new Journal on Ground I mpr ovement (Publ. by Thomas Telford). Planni ng Symposi um, Japan Counci l was r eminded also that i n 1983 the I SSMFE Executi ve Commit t ee had 1996. approved a resoluti on that a port i on of revenues f r om sales of I CSMFE

277 Conf erence P roceedi ngs and Techni cal Commit t ee reports shoul d accru e to Conference delegates. When organizations in addition to ISSMFE are I SSMFE. acting as co- sponsors, a mutually acceptable agreement should be negotiated concerning the division of royalties amo ng the participat­ Consi derabl e di scussi on ensued at the Counci l meeti ng, but no cl ear consen­ ing organizations. sus emer ged on whet her to establi sh a f ormal publ i shi ng agreement wit h one of t he proposers. The P resi dent i ndicated that t he Boar d woul d consi der t he Royalty payments will be made by the Publisher to t he ISSMFE matt er fur t her wit h t he vi ew to prepari ng a sui table proposal for consi derati on Secretariat annually. The royalty income will then be divided equally, by t he Counci l at its meet i ng i n Ja nuary 1 994. It was also agreed i n Florence or according to other mutually acceptable proportion, among the that t hree ( Bal kema, BiTech, and Telf ord) of t he fi ve publ i shers who had Conference Organizing Committee's Member Society an d the ISSMFE submi t t ed proposal s be request ed to submi t a second r ound proposal to u nder­ Secretariat. t ake I SSMFE publ i shi ng on a royalt y basis. The BiTech Type Arr angement: A l though no i mmedi at e fur t her acti on is Rather detail ed responses wer e received f r om BiTech and Tel f ord i n whi ch requi red, it is r ecommended that t he i ncoming Boar d consi der t he BiTech somewhat different bases for pri ci ng publ i cati ons wer e set forth. Telf ord proposal i n mor e detail . proposed to suppl y copi es of proceedi ngs for conference registrants at a l ow cost and pay I SSMFE royalti es based on post -conference sales. Thi s pri ci ng The new ISSMFE Board should give further considerat ion to a coop­ scheme is si mil ar to that u sed by Bal kema for recent I CSMFE proceedi ngs. erative publishing arrangement similar to that prop osed by BiTech, Bi Tech’s proposal was based on the concept that conf erence delegates shoul d with a view towards encouraging a carefully selected Conference be charged a “ fair market valu e” for their proceedi ngs and that t he post-confer- Organizing Committee to adopt it on a trial basis. ence cost shoul d be hi gher onl y by t he I SSMFE royalt y and market i ng costs. In this proposal t he delegate pri ce woul d i nclu de t he cost of produci ng bot h the conference and post -conference sales volu mes. Appendi x 4

THE NEW BI TECH PROPO SAL Report by Task Force on Technol ogy Transf er ( U Smol t czyk, K Ishihara, V Il yichev), Technol ogy Transf er Schemes whi ch may be appl i ed to support geotechni cal projects A somewhat different publ i shi ng arrangement has also been suggest ed by BiTech P ubl i shers. I n this arrangement, whi ch need not necessari l y be wit h BiTech, I SSMFE woul d put up “seed money” to cover t he cost of produci ng I NTRODUCTI ON all t he proceedi ngs volu mes. Thi s seed money woul d t hen be recovered f r om conference registrati on fees. The publ i sher woul d t hen t ake a percentage of the post -conference sales i ncome, wit h t he remai nder shared bet ween I SSMFE and Out of a l arge amount of aid pr ogr ammes whi ch are u nder way t hroughout the t he Conf erence Organi zi ng Commi ttee. Initially, thi s scheme coul d be tri ed for worl d, t ens of bil l i ons of doll ars per year appear goi ng f r om devel oped to devel ­ some Regi onal Conf erences and Speci ali st Conf erences generated by opi ng countri es to assist i n reinforci ng i nfrastru ctures and enhanci ng t echnol ­ Techni cal Commit t ees. If successfu l , t hen t he concept might be appl i ed to ogy transfer. Wor l d organisati ons such as UNESCO and UNDP a re i mpl e­ Internati onal Conf erences as well . It was consi dered that t he i ncome coul d ment i ng many projects as well , ai med at u pgradi ng t echnical l evels i n enhance the fi nancial resourc es of Techni cal Commit t ees and/or host Member devel opi ng countri es. A substanti al port i on of t hese projects is associ ated wit h Societi es. The scheme coul d also ensure qual i ty control of publ i shed materi al. t he t echnol ogy transfer i n t he expert i se of geotechni cal engineeri ng.

Bot h Bal kema and Tel f ord wer e request ed to provi de their vi ews on this t ype In order to encourage member s of I SSMFE to t ake advant age of such project of arrangement. Bal kema has no i nterest beyond a st andard royalt y agreement. schemes, I SSMFE has commenced to build u p a fra mewor k of i nformati on Owi ng to a change i n editors at Telford, no defi niti ve response has been about agenci es and organisati ons whi ch can be addressed received. -1. to get a donati on of speci fi ed professi onal l i teratur e of equi pment; -2. to i nvite a geotechni cal l ectur er wit hout tra vel expense; -3. to get a scholarshi p for a post -graduate to be sent to a u niversity; RECOMMENDATI ONS -4. to get fi nancial hel p for att endi ng a scienti fi c conference; -5. to get fi nancial hel p to start a trainee pr ogr amme or a post -graduate geot ech­ nical cours e. After consi derati on of the many i ssues and discussi on by t he Boar d at its meet ­ The l i sti ng of donors wit h bri ef r emarks is gi ven i n P art 1 of this report. i ng i n Athens on Sept ember 19, 1993, the P ubl i shi ng Task Force submi t s the f ol l owing r ecommendat i ons for endorsement by t he Boar d and adopti on by the In P art 2, typi cal demands are coll ected. Counci l at their meet i ngs i n New Del hi on Ja nuary 3 and 4, 1994. Alt hough I n P art 3, exampl es about current projects are reported. mor e elaborate arrangement s might provi de greater fi nancial retur ns to The i nformati on coll ected here shoul d be consi dered as a first gui de to i mprove I SSMFE t han t hose r ecommended here, their i mpl ement at i on woul d require t he communi cat i on bet ween t hose who want to start such projects and possi ­ much greater effort and resourc es t han presentl y avail able t hrough the bl e sponsori ng agenci es. The lists wer e accompl i shed u nti l 1993 and are Secretari at, and t he overall ri sk to I SSMFE woul d be greater as well . certainly i ncompl ete. Users are ki ndl y asked to report about their own experi ­ ences and to send i n addit i onal i nformati ons. Royal t y Clause: Based on t he pri nci ple that Conf erence registrati on fees shoul d be kept as l ow as possi ble, but that each del egate shoul d be assessed an amount suffi cient to cover t he producti on and distri buti on of his/her set of proceedi ngs, t he f ol l owing pol i cy is adopted.

Agreements between ISSMFE Sponsored Conference Organizing Committees and the Publisher of Conference Proceedi ngs shall include a provision that the Publisher will pay a royalty to ISSMFE of 10 percent of net receipts in excess of the amount required to pay the direct production and handling costs of copies prov ided to registered

278 1.1 INTER N ATIO N AL SCHEMES apart f r om the EC Member States, compri se t he 6 EFTA countri es and Turk ey, USA, Canada, Japa n, Austral i a and New Zeal and. Detai l ed i nformati on may be obtai ned f r om t he relevant nati onal TEMPUS UNITED NATI ONS Offi ces or by addressi ng EC TEMPUS Offi ce Brussels, 45, ru e de Treves, B- 1040 Brussels, Fax: 32-2-238-77-33.

The Uni t ed Nati ons establi shed a speci al agency on t echnol ogy transfer. For CORDI S detail s, address to: Community Research and Devel opment I nformati on Servi ce ( DG X I]I). Ai m: Professor Il an Jura n, P ol yt echni c Universi ty, Dept, of Civi l and Envi ronmental Structuri ng of Dat a Bases. Engi neeri ng 6 Met rot ech Center, Brookl yn NY 11201, USA. Fax: 718 260 3433. COST Europ ean Cooperati on i n Sci ence and Technol ogy ( DG X II). Ai m: Research i n t he fu ndamental s of t echnol ogy i n Europ e. EUROPEAN COMMU NITY EARN Europ ean Academic and R esearch Net work. Ai m: Computer-ai ded research The Commissi on of the EC has started vari ous i nternati onal scienti fi c and t ech­ networks. nological cooperati on schemes based on agreement s wi t h t he government s of countri es i n East ern Europ e, Asi a, South Amer i ca and t he Medi t erranean. ECLAI R Scienti sts f r om t hose countri es who want to cooperate wit h scienti sts i n EC Europ ean Col l aborati ve Li nkage of Agri culture and I ndustry thro ugh R esearch countri es can appl y for either - P ost -Doct oral Fell owships, ( DG XII) . Ai m: Bi otechnol ogi cal and agrotechnol ogi cal research progr ammes. - Joi nt Scienti fi c Ventur es, - Europ ean Doctorates. EPOCH Project proposal s shall be defi ned by the eli gible country. For exampl e, topi­ Europ ean P rogr amme on Cli mat ol ogy and Natura l Hazards ( DG X II). cal workshops can be sponsored wit h about 60000 E CU for groups of maxi­ mum 24 sc i enti sts, half of t hem coming f r om t he appl yi ng country. Fel l owshi p MAST schemes are supported by a grant of 2000 E CU/ mont h. Detai l ed advi ce can be Mar i ne Sci ence and Technol ogy. Ai m: Support both to i nnovati ve t echnol ogi es obtai ned by contacti ng Commissi on of the Europ ean Communi t i es, G D X II/ G- and envi ronmental protecti on of mari ne surrou ndings. 3, Rue de l a Loi, 200, B-10449 Brussels. SPRINT II The pr ogr ammes are: Strategic P rogr amme for I nnovati on and Technol ogy Transf er ( DG X III).

TEMPUS (T rans-Europ ean Mobi l i t y Scheme for Uni versi t y Studi es_ whi ch STEP was started i n 1990. It f orms part of the overall pr ogr amme of Communi t y aid Sci ence and Technol ogy f or t he Envi ronment al P rotecti on ( DG X I). for t he economic restru cturi ng of t he countri es of Central/ Eastern Europ e. Its mai n goal s are: - to promote t he qual i ty and support the devel opment of the hi gher educati on syst ems i n t he eli gible countri es; 12 NATI ONAL SCHEMES - to encourage their growing i nteracti on wit h part ners i n t he EC, t hrough joint acti viti es and relevant mobil i ty. Thi s scheme exists al ongsi de pr ogr ammes as AUSTRALI A

COMETT, ERASMUS etc, but havi ng disti nct i denti ty of its own, wit h specifi c ai ms, grant condi t i ons and pri ori ti es; The mai n sourc es of fu ndi ng are: - mobi l i t y pr ogr ammes enabl i ng a signifi cant number of stu dents, t eachers or 1. AI DAB, The Director G eneral , att.: Busi ness Co-operati on Secti on, POB staff f r om eli gible countri es to u ndert ake a peri od of stu dy, a p l acement i n 778, Canberra ACT 2601. i ndustry, or a teachi ng or training assi gnment i n t he EC, or vi ce versa; They fu nd a very broad range of projects, but generall y l arger projects (i n - curric ulum devel opment acti viti es i nclu di ng revi ew, overhaul and restru c­ excess of A$2 mil l i on). They prefer to generate opportu nit i es t hemsel ves. turi ng of curric ul a, l arge scale devel opment of t eachi ng materi al, devel op­ 2. ACI AR (A ustral i an Commi ttee for Internati onal Agri cultural Research), ment of mul t i medi a educati on/t raining packages; Canberra, ACT, 2600. - conti nui ng educati on and retraining schemes for hi gher educati on t eachers They are specifi call y set u p t o f und agri cultural t echnol ogy and research and other trainers; wit h possi bly some l i nkage wit h soil mechani cs and soil physi cs. - short i ntensi ve cours es on speci ali sed topics i n pri ori ty subject areas and l anguage cours es, bri ngi ng t ogether stu dents and t eachers f r om the Communi t y and f r om the eli gible countri es; BELGI UM - support wit h regard to t he creati on of new or restru cturi ng of exi sti ng hi gher educati on centres or i nsti tu ti ons, wher e appropri ate, to cater for parti cular educati on/t raining needs i n the eli gible countri es; Al l assi stance to devel opi ng countri es is centrali sed by - upgradi ng of facil i ti es such as u niversi ty l i brari es, t eachi ng l aboratori es etc; A.G .C.D., P l ace du Champ de Mars, 5, B-1050 Brussels. - devel opment of u niversiti es’ capaci ti es to cooperate wit h i ndustry e.g. through t echnol ogy transfer. CANADA The fi nancial assi stance awarded may be up to a maxi mum of E CU 200.000/year, wit h additi onal fu ndi ng for mobi l i t y grants, and for a peri od u p to three years. 1. Donat i on of speci fi ed professi onal l i teratur e: Coordi nati on is ensured wit h acti ons i n t he same fi eld as TEMPUS whi ch are The requester shoul d wri t e to: devel oped by countri es whi ch are not member s of t he EC as wel l as with The Canadi an G eotechni cal Soci ety (170 Attwel l Dri ve, Sui te 602, Rexdal e, nati onal pr ogr ammes i niti ated by t he EC Member States. These 24 countri es, Ontari o, M9 W 5Z5).

279 Assi st ance may also be asked f r om the f ol l owing agenci es: - Canadi an Internati onal Devel opment Agency ( CIDA), - Canadi an Internati onal Devel opment Agency ( CIDA) - Internati onal Devel opment R esearch Centre ( I DRC) (for addresses, see 200 Prom enade du Port age, Hull, Quebec, Canada, K1A 0 G4 above). - Internati onal Devel opment R esearch Centre ( I DRC) 250 Al bert Street, POB 8 500, Ottawa, Ontari o, Canada, K1G 3H9 5. Funds to start a post-graduate geotechni cal cours e i n an eli gible country: - Nati onal R esearch Counci l of Canada ( NRCC), Burea u of I nternati onal The appli cant shoul d wri t e to the agenci es CIDA, I DRC or , for appl i cants f r om Relati ons commonweal t h countri es, the Associ ati on of Commonweal t h Universi ti es Bldg. M-58, Ottawa, Ontari o, Canada, K1A 0R6 . ( ACU), Jo hn Foster House, 36 Gor don Square, London. It is suggest ed that, Librari ans ni devel opi ng countri es may also directl y address universi ty before wri ti ng, the appli cant contact the Canadi an Embassy and request i nfor­ l i brari es for books and publ i cati ons superflu ous to their needs. mati on, gui dance and assistance.

2. Invitati on of geotechni cal l ectur er by a devel opi ng country: The requester shoul d wri t e to t he chosen l ectur er directl y and i nvite hi m/her FI NLAND but shoul d emphasi ze that travell i ng expenses coul d not be paid. The l ectur er can seek fi nancial support i n Canada, based on t he wri t t en i nvitati on f r om the requester. The i nvitati on shoul d emphasi ze t he need for and benefi ts to be No specifi c agency or i nsti tu ti on but requests are managed by deri ved f r om t he l ectur es and cours es. FI NNIDA, Mannerhei minl i e 15C, SF-00 260 Helsi nki . The countri es whi ch are It shoul d be noted that many Canadi an geotechni cal expert s oft en visit such gett i ng support are Nicaragua, Peru , Egypt, Sudan, Kenya, Zambi a, Namibi a, countri es as consul tants. Thi s provi des excell ent opportu nit i es for organi zi ng Mozambi que, Tanzani a, Sommal i a, Ethiopia, Bangl adesh, Burma , Sri Lanka, cours es and l ectur es at no or mini mal expense. Nepal and Vietnam.

3. Schol arshi p for a post-graduate: The candi date shoul d wri t e to t he chosen u niversi t y and request i nformati on GREAT BRITAIN on registrati on for post graduate stu di es and the avail abil i ty of scholarships. Addresses of the u niversiti es can be obtai ned f r om the Canadi an Embassi es or Consul ates. There are vari ous sources of technical assi stance to devel opi ng countri es. These There are also a number of on-goi ng coll aborati ve projects i n geotechni cal are f ocussed mai nl y on government al agenci es whi ch shoul d be approached engi neeri ng si nce 1983. Projects have been supported by the Internati onal directl y by t he requesti ng body. These are: Devel opment R esearch Centre ( I DRC) i n nearl y 20 c ountri es. Current fu ndi ng (a) Overseas Devel opment Admini st rati on al l ows three to fi ve projects to be i niti ated each year. 94 Victori a Street, London SW1E 5JL, tel.: +(44 )-71-917-7000. (b) The Bri ti sh Counci l Approxi mat el y 20 sc holarships l eadi ng to a mast er’s degree are awarded annu­ 10 Sp ri ng Ga rdens, London SW1A 2BN, tel.: +(44 V71-903-8466. al l y by t he Internati onal Centre f or Ocean Devel opment ( I COD), 5670 Sp ri ng Garden R oad, 9th fl oor, Hali f ax, Nova Scoti a, Canada B3J 1 H6, to students of Assi st ance may be avail able u nder each of the fi ve headi ngs l i sted i n t he i ntro­ hi gh academic cali bre who demonst rate a commit ment to contri bute to the ducti on of this report. devel opment of ocean resourc es i n their l egion. Appl i cants must be nominat ed by a government agency or regional i ntergovernmental organisati on. Post -graduate MSc Cours es i n geotechnics, and stu dentships for sui tably qual­ i fi ed candi dates f r om devel opi ng countri es are provi ded by: Commonweal t h scholarships are off ered by the Associ ati on of Universi t i es and - Bi r mingham Uni versi t y (Foundati on Engi neeri ng) Col l eges i n Canada t hrough t he government s of the vari ous commonweal t h - Bol t on Insti tu te (G eotechni cal Engi neeri ng) countri es. Appl i cati ons are to be made to t he educati on ministry i n the coun­ - Cambor ne School of Mines ( Mini ng Engi neeri ng - G eotechni cs) try of the candi date’s ori gin. See also t he “ Schol arshi p Gui de for - Durham Uni versi t y (Engi neeri ng G eol ogy) Commonweal t h P ost Graduate Stu dents” , Jo hn Foster House, 36 Gor don - Hatf i eld P ol yt echni c and Middl esex P ol yt echni c (G eotechni cs) Square, London WC1H 0P F. - Heri ot-Watt Uni versi t y (Soil Mechani cs) - I mperi al Coll ege, London Uni versi t y (Soil Mechani cs, Engi neeri ng Francophoni e addresses: Geol ogy, Soil Mechani cs and Engi neeri ng Sei smol ogy, Soil Mechani cs and - Consei l de recherches en sci ences natur ell es et en geni e du Canada Envi ronment al G eotechni cs) ( CRSNG), - Leeds Uni versi t y (Engi neeri ng G eol ogy) Personne R essourc e: Ni col e Michaud, chemin Montreal , Edif i ce M-50, - Newcast l e u pon Tyne Uni versi t y (Engi neeri ng G eol ogy, Soil Mechani cs and Ottawa, Ontari o K1A 0R6 . Foundat i on Engi neeri ng) - Agence Canadi enne de Dével oppement Internati onal ( ACDI) - Surrey Uni versi t y (G eotechni cal Engi neeri ng) Personne R essourc e: Jean Bienvenue, P l ace du C entre, 200 Proin. du - Uni versi t y of Wal es, Col l ege of Cardi f f (G eotechni cal Engineeri ng). Port age, Hull, Quebec K1G 0G4. - L’associ ati on des u niversi tés part i ell ement ou enti èrement de l angue f ran­ çaise I SRAEL ( AUPELF), Fons i nternati onal de coopérati on universitaire, (FICU), Personne Ressourc e: Various f oundati ons exist whi ch have fu nds f or fi nanci ng visiti ng scienti sts and Jean G oyer, B.P. 6128, 3032 rue Edouard- M ontpeti t , Montreal , Quebec. academics. Appl i cati ons for t hese fu nds are made t hrough t he u niversiti es. - Mini st ère de l ’Ensei gnement Supérieur et de la sci ence du Quebec, Geotechni cal appli cants shoul d address to t he Techni on - Israel Insti tu te of Direct i on general e de l ’Ensei gnement et de l a recherche u niversitaires, Technol ogy, Depart ment of Civi l Engi neeri ng, Techni on City, Hai f a 3 2000. 39, me Saint-Louis, 3 e etage, Quebec, Canada, G 1R 3Z 2. Fax: 972-4 -220133.

4. Financi al hel p for att endi ng a scienti fi c conference i n Canada: For conferences organi zed by t he CGS, this soci ety shoul d be contact ed I TALY directl y. I n certain i nstances CGS wil l appl y for fi nancial assi stance on behal f of the i ndivi dual . If t he i ndivi dual wishes to proceed on his/her own t he agen­ ci es to contact are: Consi gl i o Nazi onal e dell e R i cerche can offer assi stane« to professore of Itali an

2B0 universiti es who want to i nvite f oreign professors or post graduate stu dents to POB 90734, NL 2509 LS T he Hague deli ver a l ectur e or a seminar i n an Itali an u niversity. For t he purp oses i ndi­ cated i n this manual there is no pri vate or publ i c organisati on that can provi de Request s and i nvitati ons for geotechni cal l ectur ers can be addressed to t he fi nancial support to either post graduate stu dents or researchers. Netherl ands Soci ety for Soil Mechani cs and Foundat i on Engi neeri ng, POB 69, NL 2600 Ab Delft, or directl y to t he chosen l ectur er.

JAPAN I nformati on on post -graduate scholarships can be asked f or directl y at the Embassy of t he Netherl ands, or by addressi ng to t he Internati onal Insti tu te for Hydraul i c and Envi ronment al Engi neeri ng (I HE), POB 30 15, NL 2601 DA 1. Donat i on of speci fi ed geotechni cal l i teratur e: Delft. From the Japa nese Soci ety SMFE, the f ol l owing publ i cati ons may be donated, dependi ng on each condit i on: - Soi l s and Foundati ons (Quart erl y of Japa nese Soci ety SMFE), NORWAY - Report s of I SSMFE Techni cal Commit t ees sponsored by t he Japa nese Soci ety, - Proceedi ngs of internati onal conferences organi zed by t he Japa nese Soci ety, Request s are managed by - geotechni cal publ i cati ons i n Japa nese. Nor wegi an Agency for Internati onal Devel opment , POB 8 142 Osl o Dep., N- 0033 Osl o 1. 2. Invitati on of geotechni cal l ectur ers: The Japa nese Soci ety SMFE has a pr ogr amme for the i nternati onal coopera­ ti on i n t he fi eld of geotechni cal engi neeri ng, i ncl udi ng seminars i n SE Asi a, SOUTH AFRICA Chi na and Korea.

3. Schol arshi ps f or post-graduates: The South Afri can Insti tu ti on of Civi l Engi neers has a pr ogr amme enti tl ed “ Ex Many u niversiti es have their own pr ogr ammes and shoul d, therefore, be Afri ca pro Afri ca” whi ch was establi shed to facil i tate t he f l ow of t echnical contact ed directl y. The Japa nese Embassi es shoul d be asked for their addresses. i nformati on bet ween S.A. and countri es to t he north. R equest s f or assi stance Appl i cati ons may also be sent to t he f ol l owing agenci es: shoul d be addressed to:

- Japan Internati onal Cooperat i on Agency (JA ICA), South Afri can Insti tu ti on of Civi l Engi neers One of the maj or u ndert aki ngs bei ng conducted by JA ICA is t he t echnol ogy Ex Afri ca pro Afri ca P rogr amme, POB 93495, Yeovi l l e 2143, South Afri ca. transfer coveri ng a wide vari ety of fi elds i nclu di ng civil engineeri ng, agri culture, medi care, etc. The projects are i mpl ement ed t hrough JA ICA i n the f or m of bil ateral grants, l oans or by contri buti ons or subscri pti ons to multi­ SWITZERLAND l ateral organizati ons. For materi ali zi ng a project, JAI CA mak es it a basi c rul e to carry out its cooperati on i n response to speci fi c requests f r om reci p­ i ent government s. To obtai n an assi stance, a request for a t echnol ogy trans­ There is no central agency to deal wit h t he i ndicated acti vity. Therefore, fer shoul d first be submi t t ed to t he reci pient government . It is t hen trans­ requests of this ki nd woul d have to be addressed directl y to Swiss universiti es. ferred, wit h a list of pri ori ty, to t he J AICA off i ce i n Japa n, and after bei ng revi ewed and discussed, fi nal deci si on is made. Address: Shi nju ku M itsui BIdg. 1-1, 2 chome, Nishi -Shi nju ku, Shi nju ku-ku, Tokyo, GERMANY 163, Fax: 03-346-5018. There are vari ous i nsti tu ti ons and f oundati ons engaged i n aid pr ogr ammes for - Japan Soci ety for t he P romoti on of Sci ence, stu dents (S), graduates (G) , post -graduates (P G), sci enti sts and professors(P) : 5-3- 1, K oji machi , Chi yoda-k, Tokyo, 102, Fax: 03-222- 1 986. Al exander von Humbol dt Foundati on: - Japanese Soci ety of Civi l Engi neers, 480 research grants for hi ghl y qual i fi ed scienti sts, age l ess t han 40, fr om f oreign 1 chome, Mubanchi , Yotsuya, Shi nju ku-ku, Tokyo, 140, Fax: 03-355-3446. countri es i nto FRG and f r om FRG to f oreign countri es. Appl i cati ons vi a Ger man embassi es. - Japan Cultural Associ ati on, Minamizyka Bldg. 2-17-3 s hi buya, Shi buya-ku, Tokyo, 150, Fax: 03-4 07- Carl Dui sberg G esell schaft e.V., POB 1 90325 D-5000 C ol ogne 1 4588. Mediu m l evel stu dy pr ogr ammes for engi neers f r om devel opi ng countri es.

- Kaj i ma Foundati on, 6-5-30 , Akasaka, Mi nato-ku, Tokyo. Deutscher Akademischer Aust auschdi enst , Kennedyal l ee 50, D-5300 Bonn 2 Uni versi t y exchange pr ogr ammes of any ki nd (S,G , PG, P) for short research stays (3 mo nt hs, P only), short grants (6 mont hs for S, summer campus courses NETHERLANDS for S, G , PG), annual grants (P G), subsi dies f or i ndivi dual and group st udy tri ps (P)- Promoti on of training pr ogr ammes i n devel opi ng countri es. The central agency f or general assi stance to devel opi ng countri es is The Directorate G eneral f or Internati onal Co-operati on, POB 2006 1, NL 2500 Fri edri ch Ebert Sti f tu ng (Foundati on), G odesberger All ee 149, D-5300 Bonn Ed The Hague, attn: Burea u Opl ei di ngen i n Nederl and. 2 6 mont hs’ and annual grants for stu dy stays (S , G) at Ger man u niversiti es. Speci f i c requests f or assi stance to promot e, support and i mprove t he co-oper­ ati on bet ween t he Dutch and f orei gn i nsti tu ti ons f or educati on can be addressed Fri edri ch-Naumann-Sti f tu ng (Foundati on), POB 4 027, D-5330 Koni gswint er to: 41 Annual grants ( S,G , PG) for post -graduate stu di es at G er man u niversiti es, age The Netherl ands Organi zati on f or I nternati onal Co-operati on ( NUFFI C), l ess t han 35 .

281 two gatheri ngs, t he Chi nese soci ety want s to appl y for fi nancial aid. Heinri ch-Hert z-Sti f tu ng (Foundati on), POB 11 03, D-4000 Düss el dorf Same condit i ons as wit h Fri edri ch Ebert Sti ftu ng. ECUADOR Hanns-Sei del -Sti f tu ng (Foundati on), POB 190846, D-8000 Mü nchen 19. Bienni al grants f or pract i ce-ai med post graduate stu di es at u niversiti es and other scienti fi c i nsti tu ti ons i n t he FRG. The Ecuadori an member soci ety is keen to i mpl ement a pr ogr amme for produc­ i ng a Nati onal I nventory of Landsl i des. It also want s to organi ze a seminar on Internati onal Associ ati on for the Exchange of Students for Techni cal dynamic behavi our of soi l masses duri ng l andsli des. Experi ence ( I AESTE), Deutsches Komit ee der I AESTE, Kennedyal l ee 50, D-5300 Bonn 2 Practi ce stays for S i n G ermany. Appl i cati on vi a the nati onal commit t ee of BRAZIL I AESTE i n the home country.

Kathol i scher Akademischer Ausl änder-Dienst , R euterstr. 3 9, D-5300 Bonn 1 Keen i nterest is expressed by t he Brazi l i an Soci ety i n i mpl ement i ng several Annual grants for ju nior scienti st f r om Asi a, Lati n Amer i ca and Afri ca i n pr ogr ammes such as hol di ng seminars and symposi a, t echnical cooperati on and professi ons, whi ch are of speci al i mport ance to t he sendi ng country. equi pment suppl y. The topics of i nterest are l andsl i des, wast e di sposal, seis­ mic effects of soil s, and rock mechani cs. Ott o Benecke Sti f tu ng (Foundati on), POB 1 70160, D-5300 Bonn 17 Annual grants ( S,G , PG) for universi ty and hi ghschool l evel stu dents f r om devel opi ng countri es. BANGLADESH Promoti on of sur-p l ace-stu di es at u niversiti es or hi ghschool s i n t hose coun­ tries. Upon entry i nto t he member shi p of I SSMFE, t he Bangl adesh member soci ety Ökumeni sches Stu di enwerk e.V., G i rondel l e 80 , D-4630 Bochum is very keen to mai ntai n l i nkage wit h advanced geot echni cal groups i n the Annual study grants for P G of devel opi ng countri es at a G er man or home worl d. Basi call y, their wishes are educati on and u pgradi ng of geot echnol ogy university. i n general i n Bangal adesh. To this end, t hey want to materi ali ze a seri es of undert aki ngs such as news bulletin publ i cati on, mont hl y l ectur es, seminars, workshops, training pr ogr ammes etc. The t opic of their speci al i nterest is the UNI TED STATES OF AMERICA geot echnol ogy associ ated wit h mit i gati on of natura l disasters such as eart h­ quake and fl ooding.

Apart from the l arge gl obal agenci es as t he Agency for Internati onal Devel opment or t he Wor l d Bank i n Washi ngt on, DC, requests may be BULGARI A addressed to u niversiti es, or

- Federal Laboratory Consort iu m: Bul gari a has several ki nds of geotechni cal probl ems associ ated wit h the Nati onal Insti tu te for Standards and Technol ogy (NIST), Washi ngt on DC constru cti on of deep f oundati ons, l andsl i des and sl ope stabil i ty i n t he sei smi- The chai rman: Dr. Loren C. Schmid, P aci fi c NW Laboratory, POB 999 call y acti ve region. To conduct an i ntegrated pr ogr amme of i nvesti gati ons, t hey MSKI-34, Ri chl and, WA 99352, or (representati on i n Washi ngt on, DC): Ms. are request i ng some fi nancial support f r om UNESCO and UNDRD. Beverl y Bergen, 1550 M S t. NW, Washi ngt on, DC 20005. - US Burea u of Recl amati on, Denver, Col orado. - US Ar my Corps of Engi neers, Washi ngton, DC I RAN - Peopl e to P eopl e Internati onal: an educati onal and cultural exchange orga­ nizati on dedi cated to enhanced i nternati onal u nderst andi ng t hrough the exchange of i deas and experi ences directl y among peopl es of different coun­ The Iranian member soci ety has successfu l l y carri ed out the 1st Internati onal tri es and cultures. May be addressed for purp oses l i ke exchange of l eadi ng Symposiu m on SMFE hel d i n Teheran i n November , 1990. They may no l onger speciali sts. need fi nancial assi stance to i mpl ement this ki nd of acti viti es. Instead, t hey are very much i nterested to obtai n u p-to-date i nformati on on t he recent devel op­ ment s of geotechni cal engi neeri ng parti cul arl y i n the areas of eart hquake engi ­ PART 2. DEMANDS neeri ng and l andsli des.

2.1 Outcome of quest i onnai res PHI LI PPIN ES

A list of quest i onnaires was distri buted among nati onal soci eti es i n devel op­ Central P hil i ppine Universi ty, Il oil o City, has been u ndert aki ng a seri es of i ng countri es, aski ng several quest i ons as to what ki nds of t echnol ogy transfer workshops about soi l mechani cs l aboratori es for training mor e t han 150 engi ­ and aid are needed i n t he respecti ve nati onal societi es. The answers to t hese neers f r om all over t he P hil i ppines. However, t he i t ems of t he l aboratory tests questi onnaires are summari zed as f oll ows. are restri cted to conventi onal t ypes of physi cal and mechani cal soil testi ng.

The organi zer of the workshop, P rofessor Wal dem S R i o, now want s to expand CHI NA the pr ogr amme so as to i nclu de somewhat advanced soil testi ng such as direct shear and tri axial shear test t echniques, for whi ch he want s to obtain support f r om ISSMFE. The Chi nese member soci ety expressed a desi re to hol d a seminar on l and­ sl i des and mud-st one-f i ow i nvi ti ng speciali sts f r om abroad. The soci et y also want s to host the Internati onal Symposiu m on Landsl i des i n 1996. For t hese

282 22 Recommendations 3.2 Guatemala

Al though t he number of respondenci es to t he questi onnaire is l i mit ed there The Center of Coordi nati on for t he P reventi on of Natura l Disaster i n Central appear to be st rong demands among devel opi ng countri es for any fi nancial Amer i ca ( CEPREDENAC) was i niti ated i n 1988 under the sponsorshi p of the assi stance i n order to approach t he goal of u pgradi ng and proli ferati on of Swedi sh G overnment . Thi s project ai ms at mit i gati ng disaster by natura l geot echnol ogy i n t hose countri es t hrough t echnol ogy transfer and aid mot i ­ hazards such as eart hquakes, vol cano eru pti on, f l ood and l andsli des. The first vated by I SSMFE. phase of this project was fi nished i n 1991 but conti nuati on of its acti viti es is partl y u nder way t hrough fi nancial aid f r om other agenci es such as t he Dani sh On the other hand, most of the fu ndi ng agenci es i n devel oped countri es have Internati onal Devel opment Assi st ance ( DANIDA). The Executi ve Secretari at t wo pri nci ples u pon whi ch t hey base their support activities : is: CEPREDENAC, 7 Aveni da 14-57 Zona 13 01013, Guatemal a.

(1) The fu ndi ng is operated on request-l ed basis. Thus, there shoul d al ways be some groups i n reci pient countri es to draft a proposal and to t ake over the responsi bil i ty for fu l fi l l i ng t he i ntended goal. 33 Chile

(2) The fu ndi ng is made avail able for t hose projects whi ch are operated on a bil ateral basis. Therefore, it i s generall y diffi cul t to cover t he fi nancial burd en Aft er t he 1985 eart hquake i n Chil e, JA ICA start ed a t hree-year pr ogr amme of parti ci pants f r om third countri es for att endi ng meet i ngs or cours es i n t hose upon request f r om the Cathol i c Uni versi t y of Chi l e i n whi ch test equi pment s countri es. on stru ctural dynamics, soil dynamics and sei smic surv ey wer e provi ded, t ogether wit h t he know-how to u se t hese machi nes for t he assessment of seis­ Consi deri ng t he constraints i ndicated above, t he f ol l owing r ecommendat i ons mic hazards and ri sks. As part of this project, t wo seminars wer e hel d i n may be made at present to make t he maximum use of avail able fi nancial sourc es Santi ago for training l ocal engineers. P rofessor H Kishi da of the Tokyo Insti tu te for t he benefi t of I SSMFE-const i tu ent countri es: of Technol ogy and P rofessor Y Yamada of Tsukuba Uni versi t y parti ci pated i n this project as geotechni cal expert s f r om Japan and cooperated wit h P rofessor (1) I SSMFE B oar d shoul d nominat e t wo or t hree member soci eti es havi ng a J Troncoso of Cathol i c Uni versi t y of Chi l e i n organi zi ng t he seminars. st rong wil l i ngness to organi ze t echnol ogy transfer seminars or symposi a i n their country, and back u p t he i mpl ement at i on of their programmes. For this purp ose, the P resi dent I SSMFE shoul d wri t e a l etter of request to t he govern­ 3. 4 P eru ment of t he nominat ed member soci ety as wel l as to t he offi ce of a fu ndi ng agency stati ng t he i mport ance and appropri ateness of such u ndert aki ngs for the benefi t of t he nati on as a whol e. The P eru -Japan Cent er for Eart hquake Engi neeri ng R esearch and Disaster Mit i gati on ( CISMID) was establi shed i n 1987 i n t he Nati onal Uni versi t y of (2) I SSMFE shoul d all ocate some amount of money f r om its annual budget to Engi neeri ng, Li ma, wit h fu nds of JA ICA. I n addit i on to its routi ne works, semi­ foster the parti ci pati on of someone f r om t he third country. P arti ci pati on of even nars have been organi zed several t i mes wit h t he ai m to i nform about technol ­ one l ectur er, for exampl e, f r om that country wil l add to an i nternati onal fl avour ogy and know-how related to eart hquake hazards and their effects of l ocal soci ­ and emphasi ze t he mul ti -l ateral natur e of the pr ogr amme. The parti al fi nancial eti es. In one of t he seminars deal i ng wit h microzonati on and safety of public support gi ven by I SSMFE shoul d be cl earl y referred to i n t he P resi dent’s letter lifeline, P rofessor I shihara was i nvi ted to act as l ectur er i n August 1 990. About suggest ed above. 50 peopl e not onl y f r om Peru b ut al so f r om nei ghbouri ng countri es att ended t he seminar. (3) F or the fi nancial aid provi ded by t he i nternati onal organizati on, the coop­ erati on wit h other i nternati onal soci eti es such as I SRM and I AEG wil l be neces­ sary to i mpl ement any t ype of pr ogr amme. 3. 5 South Afri ca

(4) Jo i nt efforts shoul d be made i n fu ture to l i nk t he I SSMFE t echnol ogy t rans­ fer initi ati ve to t hose other I SSMFE acti ons whi ch are dedi cated to assist devel ­ Ground engi neeri ng training cours es are annual l y organi zed by t he nati onal opi ng countri es: the model l i brary acti on, t he educati onal scheme acti on. member soci ety of I SSMFE i n different l ocati ons. Unt i l now there wer e cours es i n Jo hannesburg a nd Cape Town whi ch wer e off ered to engi neers f r om ot her Afri can countri es. See also P art 1 - South Afri ca. PART 3: PROJECT EXAMPLES

Appendi x 5 3. 1 Japa n

REPORT BY TASK F ORCE ON E DUCATI ON I N GEOTECHNICS ( H Every year t he Japa nese Agency for Internati onal Cooperati on (JA ICA) hol ds G POULOS A SSISTED BY VICE- PRESI DENTS) a training cours e i n Tokyo i n t he area of geotechni cal engi neeri ng, i nviti ng about 15 engi neers f r om devel opi ng countri es. They stay i n Japa n for about three mont hs att endi ng cours es on soil mechani cs and f oundati on engi neeri ng 1. I NTRODUCTI ON and vi si ti ng several research i nsti tu tes and constru cti on sites. The Japa nese Soci ety of Soil Mechani cs and Foundat i on Engi neeri ng has been acti ng as an advi sory body provi di ng curric ulum of the cours e and r ecommendi ng names Four broad areas of acti vity wer e targeted by t he I SSMFE Task Force on of tu tors. Those wishi ng to t ake part are encouraged to address a l ocal agency Educati on i n G eotechni cs: of JA ICA. 1. t he est abl i shment of model curric ul a for basi c u ndergraduate cours es in geotechni cs 2. t he devel opment and di sseminati on of i nformati on on sui table experi ments and demonst rati ons for t hese cours es

283 3. t he coll ecti on and di sseminati on of sui table audi o-vi sual materi al for these Appendix 6a cours es 4. t he devel opment of annotated lists of sui table texts. REPORT ON THE AFRICAN REGI ON F OR TH E PERI OD M AY 1 991 Att enti on to date has been concentrated on the first three of t hese objecti ves. TO D ECEMBER 1993 G W DONALD SON

2. REPOR T (For Presentati on to t he I SSMFE Counci l Meet i ng i n New Delhi: 4/1/1994)

The probl ems of Afri ca: poor communi cat i ons, l ong di stances wit h hi gh costs, A paper has been prepared whi ch summari zes t he wor k carri ed out to date. Thi s smal l number of t echnological personnel and short age of f unds conti nue to wil l appear i n the P roceedi ngs of the 1993 N ew Del hi Conference. Thi s paper hamper the acti viti es of I SSMFE i n t he region. At l east the poli ti cal probl ems summari zes suggest ed u ndergraduate curric ul a, and f ocuses on cours es i n civil, of the past t wenty years are bei ng r emoved rapidly. mini ng and envi ronmental engi neeri ng i n whi ch stu dents are t aki ng geotech- nical engi neeri ng as a maj or component . The member shi p i n t he R egi on has been gi ven a fillip by the rejuvenati on of t he Egypt i an Member Soci ety duri ng t he past year, cul minati ng i n t he electi on Unfortu nately, there is still relati vely little i nformati on to hand concerni ng of Prof El Ghamrawy as t he next Vice-Presi dent for Afri ca, and t he Egypti an experi ments and demonst rati ons. Member Socei t y also undert aki ng to host the XI Afri can R egi onal Conf erence i n Cai ro l ate i n 1995. The other si de of t he coi n is that several countri es i n the Four s ets of sli des are now avail able: Regi on have fall en i nto arrears wit h their payment s to I SSMFE and t herefore cannot parti cipate full y i n the benefi ts of t he Soci ety. 1. expansi ve soil s 2. l andsl i des The R egi onal Conf erence is t he maj or event i n t he R egi on and t he Xth Afri can 3. off shore geotechni cs Regi onal Conerence whi ch was hel d i n Masem, Lesot ho i n Sept ember 1991 4. soil i mprovement coul d be regarded as a success i n t he number of att endees present, t he papers submit t ed and the fi nancial viabil i ty as wel l as good keynot e addresses and The Japa nese Member Soci ety has generousl y donated a number of sets of the l i vely debate. Yet it is most disappoi nti ng to report that no offi cial representa­ l ast -named sli des for sale by I SSMFE. ti ves wer e present and it was therefore not possi bl e to hol d a meet i ng of regional representati ves. However, there wer e visitors f r om Europe, Canada, Australi a and New Zeal and. 3. LI AI SON WITH I SRM The 2nd Southern Afri can Young Geotechni cal Engi neers Conf erence was hel d at Stel l enbosch Universi t y i n Apri l 1993. Among t he seventy parti cipants, The I SRM Commi ssi on on Educati on is very acti ve, and is i n the process of under 35 years of age, wer e one each f r om Ethiopia, Zi mbabwe, Paki st an and prepari ng detail ed syll abus'l i sts for vari ous courses, i nclu di ng cours es on soil Bulgari a. The conference was organi sed enti rely by t he young engi neers and mechani cs and geotechni cal engineeri ng. The I SSMFE Task Force convener 32 of the delegates deli vered papers, many for t he first t i me. Sponsorshi ps f r om has been i nvol ved i n t he devel opment of the syl l abus for appropri ate cours es. consult i ng fi rms, geotechni cal contractors, suppli ers and t he Geotechni cal I SRM are also devel opi ng a seri es of annotated text book lists, whi ch shoul d Divi si on of t he S.A. I nsti tuti on of Civi l Engi neers kept t he costs wit hi n the be of assi stance to I SSMFE i n its fu ture work. reach of young engineers, who further received enthusi asti c support f r om their empl oyers i n meet i ng transport, accommodat i on and ot her costs related to their parti cipati on. The topics under di scussi on covered the whol e range of geot ech­ 4. RE COMMENDATI ONS F OR TH E FU TURE nical projects, wit h perhaps t oo st rong an emphasi s on numeri cal met hods - not unnatural i n young engineers.

It is r ecommended that t he I SSMFE conti nue its acti viti es related to geotech- nical educati on. P osi ti ve responses f r om several countri es i n Asi a, Afri ca and Appendi x 6b East ern Europ e suggest that t here is scope for gui dance by the Soci ety i n the devel opment of both traditi onal and newer cours es i n our d i scipli ne. ACTI VI TI ES I N ASI AN RE GI ON 1991- 1993 Specifi call y, it is r ecommended that the f ol l owing i ssues shoul d be addressed: ( K I shi hara)

1. conti nui ng the efforts to coll ect detail s of sui table demonst rati ons and exper­ i ments whi ch i l lu strate the fu ndamental s of soil and f oundati on behavi our Since t he l ast meet i ng of t he Counci l i n Florence i n May i n 1991, t he acti vi­ 2. t he devel opment of annotated lists of text books (possi bly i n conju nct i on ti es i n the Asi an regi on have been extensi ve as out l i ned bel ow. wit h I SRM) 3. t he devel opment of typical curric ul a and syl l abus lists for post- graduate The highli ght of the acti viti es i n Asi an regi on was hol di ng of t he 9th Asi an cours es Regi onal Conf erence on Soil Mechani cs and Foundat i on Engi neeri ng i n 4. t he coll ecti on of appropri ate computer soft ware related to the t eachi ng of Bangkok, Thai l and on December 9-13, 1991. The Conf er ence was parti cularl y soil mechani cs and f oundati on engi neeri ng memor abl e and exhil arati ng because of its l ong.-wai t ed return to Bangkok after 5. t he conti nued coll ati on of instru cti ve sli de sets wit h accompanyi ng descri p­ a kal ei doscopi c peri od of 20 years. Mor e t han 400 peopl e att ended the ti ve text. Conf erence and parti ci pated enthusi asti call y i n the technical sessi ons and other 6. the devel opment of a central reposi t ory of educati onal resours e materi al events whi ch wer e beauti full y organi zed by member s of t he Southeast Asi an (notes, tu torial questi ons, examinati on papers, etc) whi ch may be assessed Commit t ee headed by Professor Bal asburamani an. by educati onal i nsti tu ti ons. Ideall y this shoul d resi de wit h the Secretari at, but i f this is not feasible, an alternati ve venue wil l be requi red. The It was for the first t i me that representati ves f r om as many as 10 nati onal soci ­ Geotechni cal Centre at t he Universi t y of Sydney is wi l l i ng to provi de a eti es got t ogether i n the speci al meet i ng wher e i ssues of regional concern wer e servi ce for such a repository, i f requi red, provi ded that the Soci ety provi des discussed. I n this meeti ng, three nati onal societi es expressed t he wil l i ngness the relevant expenses of reproducti on, postage, etc. to host t he 10th Asi an R egi onal Conference. As a result of voti ng, Chi na was

284 selected to be t he host of t he next Conf erence whi ch wil l be hel d i n Bei j i ng i n conferences met wit h great success i n establi shing cl ose l i nks amongst engi ­ 1995. neers and scienti sts i n the t wo countri es.

Indi an Nati onal Scoei t y has been hard at wor k for prepari ng for the 13I CSMFE Alt hough no gatheri ng was undert aken on i nternati onal scale, several symposi a whi ch is expect ed for sure to be t he most successful event i n t he cal endar of and nati onal meeti ngs wer e held i n Syri an and I ndonesi an nati onal societi es to I SSMFE. exchange vi ews and discuss i ssues of geotechni cal i mport ance i n respecti ve countri es. The Chi nese Nati onal Soci ety has been acti ve recentl y. One of its maj or under­ t aki ngs is to have sponsored the Internati onal Symposi um on Soil I mprovement and Pil e Foundat i on whi ch was hel d i n Nanj i ng, Chi na on Mar ch 25-27, 1992. Appendi x 6c The conference sessi ons off ered a uni que opport uni t y for l ocal geotechnical engi neers for exchange of vi ews and opi ni ons i n the i ssues of mut ual i nterest relevant to t he devel opment of i nfrastructures i n that region. ACTI VI TI ES I N AUSTRALASI AN REGI ON 1991- 2 ( H G Poul os) Eleventh Southeast Asi an Geotechni cal Conf erence was hel d i n Singapore on 4- 8 May 1993, attracti ng about 500 peopl e i n att endance. The highli ght of the Conf erence was t he Chi n Fung Kee memori al l ecture deli vered by Professor S 1. MEMBERSHI P L Lee. The vitali ty of geotechni cal engi neeri ng i n the Southeast regi on was wit nessed t hrough t he bri sk at mosphere i n t he techni cal as wel l as discussi on session. Member shi p has conti nued to i ncrease i n t he Aust ral asi an regi on over t he past year. In Australi a, as at Apri l 1992, t here wer e 903 member s of t he Aust rali an Japanese Nati onal Soci ety host ed Internati onal Symposi um i n Eart h Geomechani cs Soci ety ( AGS) of whom 469 wer e member s of I SSMFE. There Rei nf orcement Practi ce (I S Kyushu ’92) whi ch was hel d on 11- 13 November wer e also 31 support i ng member s (i e compani es or organisati ons). 1992 i n Fukuoka. About 400 persons parti ci pated i n t he Conference. The hi gh­ l i ght of the Conf erence was a speci al l ecture deli vered by Professor T In New Zeal and, t he current total member shi p of t he New Zeal and Yamanouci . Five technical sessi ons wer e conduct ed wi t h a great success, Geomechani cs Soci ety ( NZGS) is 368 of whom about 224 are member s of preceded by keynot e l ectures by i nternati onal expert s i n respecti ve area. I SSMFE.

The f ourt h Nati onal Conf erence on Ground I mpr ovement was hel d on January 18- 19, 1993 i n Lahore under t he sponsorshi p of Paki st an Nati onal Soci ety for 2. CONFERENCES Soil Mechani cs and Foundat i on Engi neeri ng ( PNSSMFE) . The presi dent, Amjad Agha and Secretary, Dr I zhar U1 Haq wer e t he organizers of the Conference. Parti cular feature of this conference was t he co-sponsorshi p of The Sixth Aust ral i a-New Zeal and Conf erence i n Geomechani cs was hel d i n JSSMFE whi ch cooperated by sendi ng f our prominent speciali sts. They wer e Chri st church New Zeal and, f r om 3rd to 7th February 1992. The Conf erence Professor H Aboshi , Dr T Tsuchi da, Professor F Tatsuoka and Dr A Onoue. t heme was “ Geotechni cal Risk - Identi fi cati on, Eval uati on and Sol uti ons” . A consi derabl e number of t he papers publ i shed at t he Conf erence addressed this Bangl adesh Soci ety for Geotechni cal Engi neeri ng ( BSGE) was also acti ve i n t heme. A total of 171 peopl e att ended t he Conference, and enj oyed a well - organi zi ng t he first Bangl adesh-Japan Joint Geotechni cal Seminar on Ground organised, wel l -run and technicall y sti mulati ng Conf erence. Features of t he I mpr ovement on January 23-24, 1993. JSSMFE hel ped organi ze t he Seminar Conf erence wer e t he Keynot e Address by Professor J K Mit chel l on by sendi ng f our prominent expert s i n t he expert i se of the ground i mprovement . “ Mit i gati on of Ground Fail ure Risk - Some Lessons f r om t he Loma Pri eta It was very fi tti ng and t i mel y to have had such a seminar i n Bangl adesh wher e Eart hquake” , t he John Jaeger Memor i al Lect ure by Dr Bri an Richards on t he nati onal soci ety had been newly f or med j ust 4 years ago. “ Model l i ng Interacti ve Load Def ormat i on and Fl ow Processes i n Soi l s” , and the New Zeal and Geomechani cs Lect ure by Professor G R Mart i n, enti tl ed Viet namese Nati onal Soci ety was acti ve as wel l by organi zi ng Internati onal “ Geomechani cs - t he Art and t he Sci ence” . Geotechni cal Conf erence - new Technol ogy for Foundat i on Engi neeri ng, whi ch was hel d i n Hanoi on Oct ober 1-3, 1992. Thi s was t he first i nternati onal Duri ng t he f ol l owing week, t he 6th Internati onal Symposi um on Landsl i des gatheri ng hel d i n Hanoi si nce t he birth of Viet namese Nati onal Soci ety. The was hel d i n Chri stchurch. Many of t he 264 registrants also att ended a Field Conf erence was organi zed by t he efforts of Dr Naguy en Truong Ti en under the Symposi um i n Queenst own on t he weekend bet ween t he t wo conferences. assi stance of t he Swedi sh Agency of Research Cooperat i on and Swedi sh Theme addresses wer e deli vered on: Geotechni cal Insti tute. About 200 engi neers parti ci pated i n t he Seminar and l i stened enthusi asti call y to t he l ectures by prominent experts. It was a val uabl e Investi gati on; Seismici t y; Landsl i des i n Australasi a; Anal ysi s; Open Pits; and rewardi ng undert aki ng i n vi ew of t he condi t i on i n Vi et nam bei ng still i n Tropi cal Areas; Remedi al Measures; Reservoirs. Agai n, t he Conf erence was its i nfancy i n t he devel opment of geotechni cal engi neeri ng. wel l run and proved to be successful f r om bot h t he technical and social point of vi ew. Kor ean Nati onal Soci ety organi zed t he Internati onal Symposi um on t he Const ruct i on Technol ogy f or Under gr ound Space i n Seoul on Oct ober 8th, The next (7th) Aust ral i a-New Zeal and Conf erence on Geomechani cs is to be 1993 i n cooperati on wit h t he Scandi navi an countri es. The symposi um was wel l hel d i n Adel ai de i n Jul y 1996. att ended and ended up wit h a great success. A Conf erence wil l be hel d i n Sydney i n Mar ch 1993 on Geotechni cal Iranian Nati onal Soci ety host ed t he Second Internati onal Seminar “ Soil Management of Wast e and Contaminati on, and is bei ng organi sed by the Mechani cs and Foundat i on Engi neeri ng of I ran” under t he spon4orshi p of the Sydney Group of t he AGS. Iranian Gover nment i n Oct ober 25- 27 i n Tehran. The Conf erence was fruitful and rewardi ng for l ocal engineers. 3. TECHNI CAL WORKI NG GROUPS Israel Nati onal Soci ety l aunched a project of hol di ng bil ateral j oint symposi a i n cooperati on wit h Russi an Nati onal Soci ety. Fol l owing the first one hel d i n 1991, t he second I srael-Russi a Conf erence on Soil Engi neeri ng was hel d i n The Groups currentl y acti ve wit hi n t he Aust ral i an Soci ety are: 1992 i n Hai f a wit h 60 Israeli and 19 Russi an delegat es i n att endance. The t wo

285 i) litigation member shi p of t he New Zeal and Geomechani cs Soci ety is about 370. ii ) f oot i ngs and f oundat i ons iii) bor ed pi er i nspecti on i v) sl ope st abi l i t y assessment . 2. CONFERENCES

4. HONOURS A ND AWARDS The maj or acti vity was a Conf erence on "Geot echni cal Management of Wast e and Cont aminat i on” whi ch was hel d i n Sydney i n March. Thi s attracted about 120 registrants and was very successfull technicall y. The proceedi ngs have The 1991 E H Davi s Memor i al Lect urer was Associ ate Professor Ia n W been publ i shed by Bal kema. Johnst on of Monash Universi ty, whose l ecture was enti tl ed “ Geomechani cs and t he Emer gence of Soft R ock Technol ogy” . Planni ng of t he 7th ANZ Geomechani cs Conf erence i n Adel ai de is proceed­ i ng. I t wil l be hel d i n t he Adel ai de Convent i on Centre f r om 1- 7 Jul y 1996. As report ed above, t he 1992 Jaeger Memor i al Medal of the AGS was awarded to Dr Bri an G R i chards, whi l e t he New Zeal and Geomechani cs Lect ure was The Pert h group of t he Aust ral i an Soci ety has f oreshadowed that it wil l put deli vered by Professor Geoff rey W Mart i n. f orward a bi d f or t he 2001 I nternati onal Conference.

A new award, t he “ Joint Soci eti es Awar d” is bei ng devel oped j ointl y by AGS The New Zeal and Geomechani cs Soci ety is pl anni ng to devel op a seri es of and NZGA, and wil l be awar ded to t he author(s) of t he paper presented to each bi annual conferences, commenci ng i n May 1994. Thi s conference wil l be hel d Aust ral i a-New Zeal and Geomechani cs Conf erence whi ch makes t he most i n Wel l i ngton and wil l be on t he subject of Geotechni cal Aspect s of Wast e si gnifi cant contri buti on to t he advancement of geomechani cs. Management .

5. YOUNG GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEEERS CONFE RENCE f YGECi 3. TECHNICAL WORKING GROUPS

Bot h AGS and NZGS have agreed i n pri nci ple to t he est abl i shment of a YGEC Wit hi n t he Aust ral i an Geomechani cs Soci ety, t he f ol l owing groups are acti ve: f or t he Aust ral asi an R egi on. Arr angement s are bei ng f ormul ated at present and it i s hoped to hol d t he first such Conf erence i n 1994. i) litigation ii) f ooti ngs and f oundati on iii^ Jj pred pier i nspecti on 6. FI VE Y EAR PLAN i v) sl ope stabil i ty assessment v) l i mit state desi gn

The AGS had devel oped a Five-Year Plan f or t he devel oment of t he Soci ety. The New Zeal and Soci ety i s setti ng up a st udy group on urban devel oment, and Thi s i s provi di ng directi on f or t he acti viti es of t he Soci ety, and is revi ewed at also has a group st udyi ng l i mit state desi gn. each Nati onal Commit t ee Meeti ng.

4. HONOURS A ND AWARDS 7. MEMBERSHI P BOOK! KT

The Aust ral i an Geomechani cs Soci ety has selected Mr Phil i p Pell s to be t he The Secretari at of t he AGS has produced a val uabl e 58-page Member shi p 1993 E H Davi s Memor i al Lecturer. bookl et whi ch contai ns i nformati on on t he objecti ves of the Soci ety, detail s of t he State Groups, and names and addresses of all member s. It also contai ns the The next New Zeal and Geomechani cs Lect ure wil l be presented i n 1994 by Dr Soci ety’s Five Year Plan. J Berri l l

8. COMMUNICATI ONS 5. YOUNG GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS CONFE RENCE Î YOEO

Bot h t he NZGS and AGS conti nue to produce news j ournal s t wice yearl y for The first Aust ral i an YGEC wil l be hel d i n Sydney i n February 1994. their member s. “ New Zeal and Geomechani cs News” and “Aust ral i an Parti ci pants wil l be i nvi ted f r om bot h Austral i a and New Zeal and. R esponse Geomechani cs” are produced by vol unteer member s, and contai n technical to t he call f or parti ci pati on has been excell ent. The New Zeal and Eart hquake papers, news i t ems, and geodi ary i nformati on. Commissi on and t he New Zeal and Geomechani cs Soci ety are sponsori ng 5 parti ci pants f r om New Zeal and.

ACTI VI TI ES I N THE AUSTRALASI AN REGI ON J UNE 1992- OCTOBE R 1993 6. STRATEGIC PLANNING ( H G Pool os)

Bot h t he Aust ral i an and New Zeal and Soci eti es have devel oped strategic pl ans 1. MEMBERSHI P for their f uture devel opment . The AGS has a f i ve-year roll i ng pl an whi ch is revi ewed at each meet i ng of the Nati onal Commit t ee (t wice yearl y). The NZGS has also prepared a strategic pl an whi ch i s bei ng i mpl ement ed. Current member shi p of I SSMFE i n Austral i a is 440, out of a total pai d member ­ shi p of the Aust ral i an Geomechani cs Soci ety of 685. There are also 28 support ­ i ng member s (i.e. compani es or organizati ons). I n New Zeal and, t he total

286 7. COMMUN I CA T I O NS 5. The civil war i n Yugosl avi a resulted i n i ndependent geotechni cal societi es i n Sloveni a and Croati a (both f ounded i n Jul y 1992). The remai ni ng part of Bot h t he NZGS and t he AGS conti nue to produce news j ournals t wice yearl y t he Yugosl av Soci ety is about to appl y for member shi p on behal f of geotech­ for their member s. “ New Zeal and Geomechani cs News” and “ Australi an nical engi neers i n Serbi a and Mont enegro. Geomechani cs” are produced by vol unteer effort, and contain technical papers, news i tems, and geodi ary i nformati on. 6. When the f ormer Sovi et-Uni on ceased to exist, si mil ar probl ems to t hose in Yugosl avi a arose. 1992 t he R ussi an Soci ety of SMFE was establi shed on The l ast i ssue of “Aust rali an Geomechani cs” f eatured Pil i ng and Deep the base of the f ormer nati onal commit t ee (219 member s, 181 i n the Foundati ons as its t echnical t heme, and t he next i ssue wil l feature R etai ni ng I SSMFE list of members) . Geotechni cal engi neers of t he other republi cs Syst ems and Geosynthel i cs. wer e i nvi ted to j oin. Duri ng an i nternati onal congress on numeri cal met h­ ods i n geomechani cs i n St Petersburg i n June 1993, a first member shi p meet ­ i ng t ook place, wher e the membershi p-si t uati on was discussed. Separate 8. RE SEARCH PRI ORIT IES member societi es seem to be pl anned i n Bel omssi a and Ukrainia, but the wel l - known seri ous economic drawbacks prohibit any further devel opment for now. A worki ng group of t he AGS has prepared a report on R esearch Pri ori ti es i n Geomechani cs Australi a. Three broad areas have been defi ned. 7. I n Pol and, i n 1992 the organisati onal structure was revi ewed si nce - as in all f ormer East ern bl oc countri es - t he representat i on was reali zed by 1. probl emati c soil s of t he Australasi a - Paci fi c region. nati onal commit t ees associ ated to nati onal academies of sci ence. The 3rd 2. mini ng geomechani cs. Internati onal Seminar on R enovat i on and I mprovement s to Exi sti ng Quay 3. envi ronmental geotechnics. Structures i n May 1993 i n Gdansk demonst rated t he sound acti vity of the Poli sh Nati onal Commit t ee on Geot echni cs wit h its now i ndependent status.

9. INCOMING V1CE-PRF. SIDF. NT 8. Fol l owing t he wel l -organi zed and i nformati ve 9th Danube-Eur opean CSMFE i n Oct ober 1991, our Hungari an col l eagues have also succeeded i n re-arranging their organisati onal structure by t ransf orming t he nati onal Mr M C Ervi n of Australi a has been elected to be t he next Aust ral asi an Vice- commit t ee i nto an i ndependent uni on. A recent highl i ght of their acti vity Presi dent. was the symposi um i n memor y of Jaky’s 100th birthday, hel d i n Sept ember 1993 i n Budapest .

Appendi x 6d 9. The spli tti ng of Czechosl ovaki a i nto t wo separat e republi cs changed the si tuati on of that member society, too. There are now a Czech and a Slovaki an member society, but t hey have deci ded to act externall y as still one member REPORT ON ACTI VI TI ES I N THE EUROPEAN RE GI ON 1989- 94 of I SSMFE, whi ch was a very reasonabl e and hopeful l y exempl ary acti on. ( U Smol t czyk) The mai n event was the X. ECSMFE hel d i n Florence i n May 1991. I t was host ed by I taly i n a most i mpressi ve way and run on a hi gh l evel by exchang­ The peri od whi ch is subject of this report, was ear marked by t he great poli ti ­ i ng experi ences on soil deformati on i n geotechni cal research and practi ce. I n cal changes i n Europe. Wit h regard to I SSMFE this meant f resh acti viti es i n connect i on wit h this event, a European del egates’ meet i ng was hel d wit h 28 many of t he East ern European countri es, but also consi derabl e out comes due attendants. Two offers to host t he 11th ECSMFE by t he Dut ch and t he Dani sh to t he economical diffi culti es raised by t he change to an open market economy societi es wer e gratefull y consi dered. Fol l owing thei r presentati ons, voti ng i n many of t hose countri es. yi el ded a 10:7 pri ori ty for Copenhagen i n 1995.

In t erms of t he I SSMFE structure, t he f ol l owing changes occurred: In Nort hern Europe, t here is a wel l establi shed cooperati on bet ween Finland, Sweden, Nor way, Denmar k and I celand. R egi onal conventi ons wit h unspeci ­ 1. The Ger man Democr at i c R epubl i c commit t ee ceased to be an i ndependent fi ed topics and open di scussi ons are hel d i n a f our years’ cycle. Thei r 10th meet ­ member of I SSMFE. Since aut umn 1990 most of its member s j oi ned the i ng ( X NGM 92) was hel d i n Aal borg, Denmar k, i n May 1992. 40 years’ FRG member soci ety and t here is now one Ger man Geotechni cal Soci ety anniversari es wer e celebrated by t he Fi nnish Member Soci ety and the Dani sh wit h a member shi p of about 1,700. Geotechni cal I nsti tute.

2. The R omani an member soci ety was re-establi shed and coul d al ready att end Since conti nuit y of regional conferences shoul d be proven i n t erms of their the Danube- Eur opean Congress i n Budapest i n aut umn 1990. It is now agai n necessi ty, it was deci ded to st op t he sequence of Balt i c Conf erences on SMFE a member soci ety to t he I SSMFE. They t ook on t he responsi bil i ty of host ­ i n its earl i er f or m - all t he more, when it was reveal ed that this title had already i ng t he 10th Danube- Eur opean CSMFE to be hel d i n Sept ember 1994. been used si nce 1968 by t he Balt i c Societi es. R egi onal workshops wit h selected topics and reduced scope rather t han l arge congresses seem to be mor e adequate 3. Fol l owing an i nvitati on by t he Albani an Mini st ry of Buil ding, I vi sited i n t he l i ght of economic condit i ons. Tirana i n August 1990 and f ound a group of soil engi neers, engi neeri ng geologists and surveyors strongly i nterested i n f oundi ng an Albani an Several occasi ons i n West ern Eur ope gave opport unit i es to have offi cial contact SSMFE. The poli ti cal upheaval s i n this country, howver, prohibit ed further visits to member societi es i n t he Netherl ands (40th anniversary; 4th I nt. att empts to proceed wit h this. Conf erence on Geotexti l es and Geomembr anes; 4th Young Geotechni cal Engi neers’ Conference), i n Bel gi um, France (5th Young GEQ and 4. The soil engi neers i n t he Balt i c republi cs have f ounded separate member Swit zerl and. I n Sept ember 1993, t he Hel l eni c Soci ety of SMFE t oget her wit h societi es. I n Lit huania, a soci ety was f ounded i n 1990, i n Est oni a i n 1991, t he French Commit t ee of SMFE organi sed a bri l l i ant symposi um “ Har d Soil gett i ng very val uabl e support f r om t he Finni sh Soci ety of SMFE. Latvi a is - Soft R ock” i n Athens, Greece. about to appl y for I SSMFE membershi p. There is a good cooperati on bet ween t hese t hree societi es and discussi ons are ai med at l ater j oi ni ng their A most encouragi ng t ype of conference is t he Young Geotechni cal Engi neers’ external status t owards I SSMFE. Conference. I t is a grati f yi ng si gn that t here is no l ack of hosts. They wer e ran

287 annual l y 1989 i n R aubi chi (Belorussi a), 1990 i n Delft, 1991 i n Grenobl e, 1992 i n Li sbon and 1993 i n Boebl i ngen (Germany). Havi ng att ended all of t hem, I Bil ateral cooperati ons are also observed to devel op i n geotechni cs and wil l was deepl y i mpressed each t i me by t he concern and ent husi asm of those young hopeful l y yi eld to Europe-wide acti viti es i n bot h j oint research and educati on. scienti sts and, above all, by the i n most cases hi gh l evel of their research. I t The geotechni cal engi neeri ng practi ce is al ready i n t he f orefront here, desi gn­ may be menti oned, too, that sponsors i n West ern host countri es enabl ed a free i ng and const ructi ng the l arge wor ks to i mprove t he i nfrastructure i n t erms of of charge att endance for t he parti ci pants coming f r om East ern countri es. transportati on, envi ronment and moderni zed producti on.

A notabl e i nternati onal cooperati on has been devel oped i n Eur ope by means of eight “ Eur opean Techni cal Commit t ees” on matt ers of: Appendi x 6e

ETC1 - Stabil i zati on of Landsl i des (chai rman: Togrol); ETC2 - Eart hquake Engi neeri ng Probl ems i n Eur ope (Vi ggiani); NORTH AMERI CAN ACTI VI TI ES 1991- 93 ETC3 - Pil es (Franke/van I mpe); (J K Mit chel l ) ETC4 - Pressuremeter Test i ng (Gambi n), now changed i nto an I nternati onal TC; ETC5 - Laboratory Test i ng ( De Queleri j ); Geotechni cal acti viti es i n t he Nort h Amer i can Regi on of I SSMFE have been ETC6 - R ei nforced Soil ( McGown) ; extensi ve si nce t he l ast meet i ng of the Counci l i n May 1991. Some of the hi gh­ ETC7 - Numeri cal Met hods i n Geotechni cal Engi neeri ng (Sagaseta); l i ghts are gi ven i n this report. ETC8 - Geot echni cs of Landfi l l Desi gn and R emedi al Wor ks (Jessberger).

Report s wer e gi ven by t he chai r men to t he delegates of t he Eur opean member PANAMERI CAN I SSUES societi es at their meet i ng i n Florence:

ETC1 presented a third vol ume on the state of its wor k and asked for t wo mor e At meet i ngs of delegates f r om t he Nort h and Sout h Amer i can Regi ons of years to coll ect t he still i ncoming contri buti ons for t he fi nal report. Thi s was I SSMFE i n Rio de Janeiro, Brazi l i n 1989 and i n Vina Del Mar, Chi l e i n 1991 agreed upon. it was agreed that a Panameri can Commit t ee for Soil Mechani cs and Foundat i on Engi neeri ng shoul d be f ormed. The purposes of the Commit t ee wil l ETC2 presented a fi nal report to t he 10th ECSMFE and asked to be di sbanded, be to provi de i mproved communi cat i on, coordinati on, and cooperati on among whi ch was accepted. t he Member Soci eti es of t he Nort h and Sout h Amer i can Regi ons of I SSMFE; to provi de consi stent procedures f or sponsorshi p and organi zati on of ETC3 Its chai rman, Prof van I mpe, organi zed a 2nd I nternati onal Geotechni cal Panameri can Conferences; and to devel op poli ci es and gui deli nes that wil l Seminar on Bor ed and Auger Pil es i n June 1993, whi ch st rengthened t he i nter­ assist i n conduct i ng administrati ve wor k effi cientl y and effecti vely. Aft er acti on bet ween practi si ng geotechni cal engi neers and researchers. revi ew and comment by t he Member Soci eti es on initial drafts of t he propoed organi zati on and operati ng procedures, a fi nal draft has been prepared and ETC4 hel d an i nternati onal symposi um i n Apri l 1990 i n Oxf ord and presented distri buted f or adopti on and i mpl ement at i on at t he XI I I I CSMFE i n New Del hi its fi nal report. The t opic wil l be f ol l owed up by acti viti es of the exi sti ng i nter­ i n January 1994. nati onal TC. The I X Panameri can Conf erence on Soil Mechani cs and Foundat i on ETC5 had to be re-acti vated i n Oct ober 1990 under t he hand of a new chair­ Engi neeri ng was hel d i n Vina Del Mar, Chi l e f r om August 26-30, 1991. There man. I t is at wor k i n cl ose contact t o t wo other groups, who wor k within t he wer e approxi matel y 300 delegates. A maj or topic, bot h i n t he mai n sessi ons f r amewor k of CEN and I SO on l aboratory testi ng to be codif i ed i n Europe. and on t he technical fi eld trips, was tail i ngs dams. The X Panameri can Some of its member s are equal l y i nvol ved i n t he SPRI NT pr ogr amme of t he Conf erence wil l be host ed by Mexi co and hel d i n Guadal aj ara i n t he summer Eur opean Communi t y. of 1995.

ETC6 had an i nternati onal conference i n Glasgow i n Sept ember 1990, t he proceedi ngs of whi ch coul d be presented to t he 10th ECSMFE. Since t he REGI ONAL ACn v mES chai r man Prof McGown had asked for a change i n t he chai rmanshi p of t he commit t ee, Prof Schlosser, France, t ook over and organi sed an i nternati onal symposi um “ Soil Rei nforcement: Full Scal e Experi ment s of the 80’s” i n Pari s Detai l ed report s on most of t he many geotechni cal conferences hel d t hrough­ i n November 1993 as a support ed project of COMETT. out t he Regi on, speci al events, awards, new publi cat i ons, and other acti viti es i n Canada and t he USA are contai ned i n t he Canadi an Geotechni cal Soci ety ETC7 also hel d an i nternati onal symposi um i n Santander, Spai n, i n Sept ember and US Nati onal Soci ety News secti ons of G eotechnical News, publ i shed quar­ 1990. The proceedi ngs of this wer e avail able at t he congress i n Florence. Since terl y and distri buted to all Canadi an and US member s of I SSMFE by BiTech it is i ntended to achi eve a document at i on ( manual s or r ecommendat i ons or Publ i shers Ltd. Regrett ably, it has not yet been possi bl e to establi sh a consi s­ st andard drafts) whi ch may be t aken over i nto i nternati onal commit t ees l ater tent and comparabl e f l ow of news and i nformati on to and f r om I SSMFE on, t he wor ki ng l i fe of this commit t ee was ext ended unti l t he end of this i nter­ col l eagues i n Mexi co, whi ch compri ses t he third Member Socei t y of the Nort h nati onal congress peri od i n earl y 1994. Amer i can Regi on.

ETC8 started its acti vity i n 1990 by transl ati ng Ger man r ecommendat i ons i nto I n keepi ng wit h t he establi shed pol i cy of rotati ng t he offi ce of I SSMFE Vice Engli sh. The first edit i on was publ i shed i n 1991, t he second i s avail able at this Presi dent f or Nort h Amer i ca among t he t hree member societi es, Victor congress. Mil l i gan wil l assume t he offi ce commenci ng January 1994 i n New Delhi.

Alt hough not bei ng an I SSMFE i nsti tuti on, t he draft commit t ee of CEN wor k­ i ng on Eur ocode 7 Part 1 “ Geotechni cal Desi gn, General Rul e?” under chair­ CONFERENCES manshi p of N Krebs Ovesen may be added to this list as this speci al t ask t ook much energy, money and t i me f r om t he Eur opean member s who wer e i nvolved. A wor ki ng document contai ni ng a 5th versi on was fi ni shed i n J^i ne 1993 to be The First I nternati onal conference on Cali brati on Chamber Test i ng was held publ i shed as a Eur opean Pre-Standard i n 1994. at Clarkson Universi ty, Pot sdam, New Yor k on June 28-19, 1991. There have

288 been several successful and well -att ended conferences i n the USA sponsored Schedul ed f or t he next mont hs are t he f ol l owing events: by t he US Nati onal Soci ety and t he Amer i can Soci ety of Civil Engi neers, i ncl udi ng a Geotechni cal Engi neeri ng Congress i n Boul der, Col orado i n June - Sept ember / 1992 : Cour se on I ntroduct i on t o Rock Mechani cs by Dr. 1991; an I nternati onal Conf erence on Centri f uge Testi ng, also at Boul der i n Jorge Soares et al. June 1991; t he ASCE Speci alt y Conf erence on Grouti ng, Soil I mprovement - November / 1992 : Cour se on Geol ogy f or Engi neers. and Geosyntheti cs i n New Orl eans, February, 1992; and the ASCE Speci alt y Conf erence on Stabil i ty and Perf ormance of Slopes-II i n Berkeley, Cali fornia i n June 1992, whi ch attracted a record number of parti ci pants (800). Maj or 3. Brazi l geotechnical conferences hel d i n t he US duri ng 1992- 93 that i nvol ved ISSMFE, USNS, or ASCE sponsorshi p wer e Geotechni cal Practi ce i n Dam Rehabil i tati on, Raleigh, Nort h Caroli na, Apri l 1993, and The Thi rd CONFERENCES Internati onal Conf erence on Case Histori es i n Geotechni cal Engi neeri ng, St Louis, Missouri , June 1993. - November / 1991 : Ri o de Janei ro 2nd Symposi um on Tai l i ng The Seventh I nternati onal Conf erence on Expansi ve Soil s, whi ch was co-spon­ Dams sored by I SSMFE, was hel d i n Dall as, Texas, August 2-5, 1992. There wer e - November / 1991 : Sao Paul o 2nd Engi neer i ng Seminar on 222 registrants f r om 23 countri es that parti ci pated i n t he technical sessi ons and Speci al Foundat i ons t wo post -conference tours. - December / 1991 : Brasi l i a 1st Symposi um on Non A speci al symposi um was hel d i n Mexi co i n August 1992 at whi ch memori al Sat urat ed Soi l s proceedi ngs wer e i ssued i n memor y of the l ate R aul J Marsal , who made many - May/ 1992 : Sâo Paul o Symposi um on Soi l s of t he contri buti ons to the advancement of soil mechani cs i n Mexi co and t hroughout Cit y of Sao Paul o t he Ameri cas. A t wo- vol ume proceedi ngs is now avail able for t he 1987 - Sept ember / 1992 : Ri o de Janei ro 1st Brazi l i an Conf er ence on Internati onal Symposi um on Geotechni cal Engi neeri ng of Soft Ground. A t wo- Stabil i t y of Slopes day wor kshop on Foundat i on Perf ormance Duri ng Eart hquakes and Its - November / 1992 : Bel o Hori zont e Wor kshop - Brazi l i an needs Infl uence on Bui l di ng Codes was hel d i n Mexi co Cit y i n August 1992. i n Geot echni cal Engi neer i ng - November / 1992 : Brasi l i a Seminar on Appl i cat i ons of Several conferences and meet i ngs wer e hel d i n Canada, i ncl udi ng the 44th Geosynt het i cs i n Canadi an Geotechni cal Conf erence i n Cal gary, Albert a, Sept ember 1991, and Geot echni cal Engi neeri ng. t he 45th CGS Conf erence i n Toronto, Ontari o i n Oct ober 1992 wit h 300 del e­ gates, whi ch emphasi zed i nnovati on conservati on, and rehabil i tati on. The 46th Conf erence was hel d i n Saskatoon, Saskat chewan i n Sept ember 1993 and had 4. Equador the t heme Geot echni que - Past, Present and Future.

The I SSMFE is j oi ning wit h t he CGS i n sponsorshi p of the First Internati onal The Equat ori an Soci et y i s basi cal l y engaged i n t he preparat i on of a Conf erence on Envi ronment al Geot echni cs to be hel d i n Edmont on, Albega, conf erence on l and sl i des. I niti all y this symposi um was t o be t he second July 10-15, 1994. I t is anti ci pated that as many as 800 delegates may att end i n Sout h Amer i ca, but now t hey want it t o be t he fi rst Pan Amer i can this conference, whi ch mar ks t he first maj or effort by I SSMFE to greatl y Symposi um. I i nt end t o di scuss this mat t er wit h Prof. J. K. Mit chell expand its acti viti es i n t he area of envi ronmental geotechnol ogy. duri ng t he Boar d Meet i ng.

MISCELLANEOUS I TEMS Anyway, bei ng eit her Sout h Amer i can or Pan Amer i can, this symposi um i s schedul ed f or August 1993.

The USNS has underwri t t en t he new H Bol t on Seed Medal 5. Per u - Comit é Per uano de Mecani ca de Suel os, Fundaci ones y Mecani ca de R ocas Appendi x 6f CONFERENCES REPORT ON ACTI VI TI ES I N THE SOUTH AMERICA RE GI ON MAY 1991 - DECEMBER 1992 L Di cour t Several conf erences have been schedul ed

May Use of Gabi ons i n Civi l Engi neer i ng 1. I ntroduct i on June Brazi l i an Exper i ence on t he Desi gn of R eservoi r s and Hydr o Elect ri c Power Plants August Foundat i ons i n Dif f i cult Soi l s Five, out of t he t en countri es bel ongi ng t o t he Sout h Amer i ca R egi on, Sept ember Symposi um on Desi gn of Pavement s Argent i na, Brazi l , Equador , Per u and Venezuel a, have repl i ed t o our Oct ober The use of Geot ext i l es i n Civi l Engi neer i ng l etter aski ng f or i nformati on. November Tunnel s i n Expansi ve R ocks

2. Argent i na - Soci edad Argent i na de Mecani ca de Suel os A Nat i onal Conf er ence on Soi l Mechani cs i s schedul ed f or t he near f uture

Fr om 5 t o 9 of August , 1991 t he 1st Argent i ni an Symposi um on Geot ext i l es was hel d i n Buenos Aires.

289 6. Venezuel a - Soci edad Venezol ana de Mecani ca del Suel o e I ngi eni eri a created t he Gri l l o Lect ure i n Honour t o Prof. Odai r Gri l l o the first soil de Fundaci ones mechani cs engi neer, and t he fi rst soil mechani cs and f oundat i ons prof es­ sor i n Brazi l . These conf erences are t o be gi ven every t wo years. Except i onal l y this year i nst ead of one t hree conf er ences wil l be gi ven i n CONFERENCES November 25 by professors Vict or F.B. de Mel l o, Si gmundo Gol ombek and Luci ano Decourt . - XII Venezuel an Geot echni cal Symposi um Chi l e Thi s event i s schedul ed f or November and wil l deal wit h 25 years of Geot echni cal experi ences wit h t he Car acas Met r o. Dur i ng t he Openi ng of this event t he III Conf er ence Gust avo Per ez EVENTS Guer r a wil l be gi ven.

The mai n acti vi ti es of t he Soci edad Chi l ena de Geot ecni a wer e t he PUBLI CATI ONS f ol l owing:

- 3rd Geot echni cal Congr ess Two i ssues of t he Bul l eti n of t he SVMSI R have been publ i shed. Thi s conf erence was hel d i n La Ser ena i n May of 1993. REPORT ON ACTI VI TI ES I N THE SOUTH AMERICA R REGI ON AUGUST 1991 - DECEMBER 1993 - Intensi ve part i ci pati on i n t he I SSMFE, TC- 7 L. Decour t LECTURES In this report t he most i mport ant acti vi ti es of t he Soci eti es i n t he peri od f r om August of 1992 t o December , 1993 are summar i zed. Si x i mport ant l ect ures wer e gi ven i n t he peri od f r om August 1992 t o June 1993 by Prof. Charl es Fai r Hurst , Presi dent of I SRM, Dr. Geor ge Brazi l Zagor ski , Vice Presi dent of Nat i onal Seal Company ( USA), Prof. Don Deer e ( USA), Prof. Michel e Jamiol kowski (I taly) and Mr. Bayar d Mat er on ( Col ombi a) EVENTS

PUBLI CATI ONS The mai n event s pr omot ed by t he Associ a^ao Brasi l ei ra de Mec&ni ca dos Sol os were: - Sochi ge News No. 13 - Fai r on Dynamics i n Civi l Const ruct i on. Sao Paul o, f r om 12 t o 13 - Speci al Vol ume, I nternati onal Seminar on Sei smic desi gn, abandon August . 1992 and r ecl amat i on of dams, I X CPM SIF. - Vol. I V of t he I X P ACSMFE - COB R A E I First Brazi l i an Conf er ence on Stabil i t y of Slopes. Ri o de - Proceedi ngs of t he Thi r d Chi l ean Geot echni cal Conf er ence Janei ro, f r om 3 t o 5 November , 1992

- Tunnel s i n Soil s, Sao Paul o, 3 December , 1992 ELECTI ONS

The Chi l ean Soci et y i nf or ms t hat support s Prof. M. Jamiol kwski and Mr. PUBLICATI ONS L. Val enzuel a f or respect i vel y Presi dent and Vi ce Presi dent f or Sout h Amer i ca of t he I SSMFE. The Geot echni cal Journal Sol os e R ochas keeps on bei ng edi t ed each f our mont hs. Equador - The ABMS News are edi t ed mont hl y. The Soci edad Ecuat ori ana de Mecani ca de Suel os Y R ocas i s pr omot ­ i ng t he First Pan- Amer i can Symposi um on l andsl i des. The Symposi um, ELECTI ONS ori gi nal l y schedul ed f or Sept ember of 1993 was post poned t o August of 1994. As far as t he el ect i ons are concerned, t he Brazi l i an Soci et y support s Prof. Michel e Jamiol kowsky and Mr. Lui s Val enzuel a, respect i vel y f or t he off i ces of Presi dent and Vi ce Presi dent f or Sout h Amer i ca of t he I SSMFE.

The Associ a^ao Brasi l ei ra de Engenhar i a de Fundagoes, (Brazi l i an Associ at i on of Foundat i on Engi neeri ng) a si ster Soci et y of ABMS

290 Par aguay CONFERENCES

EVENTS A check was made of conference dates for t he t hree sister soci eti es over the next f ew years and it was noted that t here wer e no cl ashes. The XI ECSMFE i n Copenhagen i n 1995 is bei ng co-sponsored by LAEG who may hol d their The Soci edad Par aguaya de Geot ecni a i s organi zi ng a l arge pr ogr am of Counci l Meet i ng at this venue. i nvest i gati on on t he occur r ence of soft r ocks i n t he Basi n of t he Prata Ri ver. Thi s pr ogr am i nvol ves many countri es ot her t han Par aguay l i ke Argent i na, Bol i vi a, Brazi l and Uruguay. A fi rst meet i ng hel d i n t he ISRM J OURNAL central off i ce of ABMS was at t ended by t he regi onal Vi ce Presi dent s of Internati onal Soci eti es of Soi l Mechani cs, Rock Mechani cs and Engi neer i ng Geol ogy and al so t he Presi dent s of t he soci eti es of Brazi l The I SRM Secretary General expl ai ned that t he I SRM Journal is sent by DHL and Paraguay. directl y to member s i n 5 countri es at $10 per person for t he 4 copi es per annum. An alternati ve operati on i s to send copi es i n bul k to KL M i n Amst er dam, who wil l i nsert sheets f r om Nati onal Groups at no extra cost, and post to i ndi vi du­ ELECTI ONS als.

Par aguay support s Prof. Jamiol kowski f or t he Presi dency of t he 1AEO STATUTES I SSMFE. The LAEG Secretary General advi sed that t he new LAEG statutes wer e now Per u avail able.

EVENTS I UGS MEMBERSHI P

The Comit é Per uano de Mecani ca de Suel os, Fundaci ones Y Mecani ca All t hree sister societi es are now affi l i ated member s of t he I nternati onal Uni on de Rocas pr omot ed t he f ol l owing events: of Geol ogi cal Sci ences. A proposal has been made that t he Wor ki ng Part y on the Wor l d Landsl i de I nventory ( WP/ WLI ) on whi ch there are member s f r om August 1992 - Appl i cat i ons of Rock Mechani cs i n t he desi gn of all t he sister societi es, shoul d become an I UGS Commissi on. t unnel s Oct ober 1992 - Appl i cat i ons of Geosynt het i cs i n Civi l Engi neer i ng DI RECTORY November 1992 - Struct ural sol uti ons of f oundat i ons i n diffi cult soil s Febr uar y 1993 - Desi gn and const ruct i on of r oads May 1993 - Foundat i on of st ruct ures Aft er l unch wit h t he t hree Presi dents, at their request t he meet i ng di scussed the December 1992 - VI I Conf er ence on Soi l Mechani cs and Foundat i on possi bil i ty of produci ng a combi ned Direct ory for t he t hree sister soci eti es on Engi neer i ng comput er disc. There was di scussi on on what might be i ncl uded, i n addit i on to detail s of i ndivi dual member s; for exampl e, t he statutes of the Soci eti es, detail s of Techni cal Commit t ees/ Commissi ons, Boar d Member s, educati onal materi al ELECTI ONS avail able and si mil ar materi al. Thi s matt er was also di scussed at t he Three Presi dents’ Meet i ng and at t he subsequent combi ned meeti ng, wher e it was agreed that a comprehensi ve data base for t he t hree sister soci eti es shoul d be Per u support s Prof. Jamiol kowski f or t he Presi dency of t he I SSMFE. establi shed, whi ch coul d be accessed as desi red by each of the t hree societi es. A commerci al organisati on coul d be used to set up t he data base and retri eval Fr om t he ot her soci eti es of t he Sout h Amer i ca Regi on no i nf ormat i on syst em. was recei ved.

Appendi x 8 Appendi x 7

14TH I CSMFE, HAMBURG, SEPTEMBER 6- 12, 1997 PERMANENT COORDI NATI NG SECRETARI AT MEETI NG LI SBON 2I ST J UNE 1993 Report by U Smol t czyk

Report by Secretary General The Congress wil l be hel d i n t he Congress Centre whi ch is l ocated i n t he centre of the city of Hambur g. The congress facil i ti es are abundant: there are 17 hall s A meet i ng of t he Permanent Coordi nati ng Secretari at was hel d i n Li sbon on of vari ous si zes starti ng wit h 3, 000 persons audi ence down to 50. 21 June 1993 wit h Professor Lousberg as Secretary, it was hel d concurrentl y wit h t he Three Presi dents’ Meet i ng, subsequent to whi ch a combi ned meet i ng The center is connect ed to an i nternati onal l uxury hotel but t here are another was held. 25 i nternati onal hotels avail able. Thus accommodat i on i n several pri ce cl asses wil l be no probl em. It shoul d be ment i oned that even smal l hotels provi de a good st andard at moderat e pri ces.

291 The pl ace is easy to get to. By taxi t he airport is onl y 20 min away. I ntercity 1993. It was announced at this meet i ng that I SSMFE had r esumed its member ­ trains st op ri ght next door to t he congress place. An effi cient si gnpost i ng syst em shi p of UATI. gui des car dri vers straight to an underground car park wit h 1000 vehicl es capac­ ity. Publ i c t ransport is wel l devel oped. R api d transit underground and subur­ One of the matt ers gi ven prominence at t he meet i ng was t he need to f ocus on ban rail s l i nks, buses and even port ferri es are all i ncl uded i n the same publ i c Universi t y-I ndustry cooperati on. UATI had been asked by UNESCO to organ­ transport syst em. I n t he city you are never mor e t han 500 m away f r om a rapid i se a congress on this t opic i n Brussel s 23- 26 June, 1993. transit rail stati on. Tickets are vali d for any means of transport and a speci al Congress Ticket al l ows parti ci pants to use publ i c transport free of charge. UAT1/ WFEO Joint Executi ve Commit t ee is f ocusi ng its attenti on most l y at present on devel opi ng acti viti es under t he I DNDR Joi nt Wor ki ng Commit t ee. Just a f ew minut es’ wal k f r om the congress are ten shoppi ng mal l s wit h any ki nd The Presi dent of the Joint Wor ki ng Commit t ee, M Vil l eviell e, gave an outl i ne of excl usi ve and normal shoppi ng facilities. Also, opera, museums, theatres and of the fi ve projects assi gned to t hem by t he I DNDR Scienti fi c and a beauti ful park wit h its own Japanese garden are i n wal ki ng distance. Technol ogi cal Commit t ee, viz.: Megaci t i es, Sei smic and Wind Resi stant Structures, a Rovi ng Seminar, Fl oods and Storms, and t he specifi c case study It is assumed that mor e t han 1,000 parti ci pants may be expected. The congress of Lake Nyos i n Camer oon. Wor k under Megaci t i es has been entrusted to the i tself wil l last si x days. Usi ng extensi ve fair facilities, an exhibit i on of f oun­ Insti tuti on of Civil Engi neers i n London (see i t em 18). A Rovi ng Seminar dati on engi neeri ng wil l be compl ement ary. It is assumed that i n 1997 t he recl a­ project had been i nsti tuted i n t he Cari bbean. Wor k had been done on f l oods and mat i on of East ern Eur ope wil l have come to a stage when civil engi neeri ng wil l storms, parti cularl y i n relati on to earl y warni ng and detecti on syst ems. Studies be needed extensi vely. Thus we expect a vital i nterest of bui l di ng compani es had also been made on Lake Nyos. to document their capaci ti es i n reali zi ng diffi cult f oundati on probl ems. A presentati on was made to t he meet i ng by Mr John Mackenzi e, Secretary The pr ogr amming has j ust commenced by a first meet i ng i n earl y December. General of WFEO who saw 3 maj or areas i n whi ch UATI / WFEO cooperati on As here i n Delhi, most probabl y t here wil l be a combi nat i on of pl enary sessi ons woul d be fruitful, viz: Sust ai nabl e Devel opment , Envi ronment al Engi neeri ng and parall el discussi on sessi ons. Based on good experi ences wit h Ger man and I DNDR acti viti es. nati onal conventi ons, it is i ntended to provi de ampl e possibil i ti es to get an acti ve exchange of experi ences bet ween sci ence and practi ce. Therefore topics Subsequent to this meet i ng and after discussi on wit h t he I SSMFE Presi dent, l i ke envi ronmental geotechnics, underground wor ks i n soft ground, devel op­ Dr Morgenst em, l etters dated 24 June wer e sent f r om t he I SSMFE Secretari at ment of underground space for vari ous ki nds of usage, devel opment s i n modem to M Pecoux, UATI Secretary General , one i nforming hi m that I SSMFE woul d f oundati on engi neeri ng t echniques, appli cati on of geotexti l es, i mpr ovement of be i nterested i n parti ci pati ng i n any I DNDR projects wit h a geotechni cal i nter­ ground wil l be on stage. Of course, t he usual topics of soil mechani cs wil l be est i n whi ch UATI was i nvolved, and the other proposi ng that UATI coul d spon­ consi dered adequately, too. sor a civil engi neeri ng l i brary distri buti on scheme si mil ar to, but mor e compr e­ hensi ve than, t he I SSMFE Model Li brary Scheme. The possibil i ty of I SSMFE There wil l be no probl em to offer i nteresti ng by- pr ogr ammes and tours. We t aki ng a l ead role i n such an i niti ati ve was expressed. shall rather run i nto diffi culti es when we shall make t he choice. Techni cal excursi ons wil l l ead to projects wher e parti ci pants can l ook how t he results of No reply has been recei ved f r om UATI wit h respect to I DNDR, but a f avourable modem geotechni cs are appl i ed i n practi ce. Post conf erence t ours wil l be response was recei ved wit h respect to t he Li brary Di stri buti on Scheme. Thi s off ered to all f our directi ons, and naturall y a visi t to Berl i n wit h her l arge buil d­ l etter request ed that I SSMFE shoul d send to UATI a draft project proposal wit h i ng pr ogr ammes to become t he Ger man capita] wil l be i ncl uded. costs somet i me i n Oct ober, to enabl e it to be put to t he UATI Admini st rati ve Boar d at its meet i ng on 5 November 1993 i n Brussels. At present, t he Ger man Geotechni cal Soci ety is about to prepare the mai n contracts and to defi ne t he budget i tems. I t seems that t he congress expendi ­ A proposed Li brary Distri buti on Scheme, prepared by t he Secretary General ture may amount to 1.2 mil l i on doll ars. Dependi ng on t he number of parti ci­ and approved by t he Boar d at its meet i ng i n Athens on Sept ember 19, was sent pants we hopeful l y wil l be abl e to r emai n wit h t he congress f ee for parti ci pants to UATI on Sept ember 29, 1993. and compani ons bel ow t he present l evel here.

Appendi x 10 Appendi x 9

COMI TE FRANÇAI S DE LA MECANI QUE DES SOLS SOUS- INTERNATI ONAL AFFI LI ATI ONS COMI TÉ FRANCOPHONI E”

Report by Secretary General French Model Li brary

I UGS Report by M Gambi n

The Counci l of t he I nternati onal Uni on of Geol ogi cal Sci ences at its August I n the l ate 80’s Techni cal Commit t ee TC-21 i nvesti gated the possibil i ty of 1992 meet i ng i n Kyot o admit t ed I SSMFE i nto affi l i ated Member shi p of I UGS. setti ng up a model l i brary for distri buti on to research or educati onal i nsti tu­ In accordance wit h I UGS poli cy an annual account of I SSMFE acti viti es was ti ons i n devel opi ng countri es at a l ow cost or f ree of charge. submit t ed to I UGS i n December 1992. The list of books wri t t en i n Engl i sh was prepared as earl y as 1988. Furt her to A proposal is under consi derati on to structure t he UNESCO Wor ki ng Part y on t he request of Presi dent Mor genst em at t he Counci l Meet i ng i n Florence, May Wor l d Landsl i de I nventory ( WP/ WLI 0) as a Commissi on of I UGS. I SSMFE 1991, tentati ve list of French books i s proposed here whi ch has been eagerl y representati on on WP/ WLI is t hrough TC11 on Landsl i des. awai t ed by countri es such as Mor occo, Tunisi a, Egypt , Romani a, Algeri a and Iran, to quote t hose countri es who have a Nati onal Soci ety affi l i ated to the UATI I SSMFE. Thi s list prepared by t he French Soci ety is bei ng ci rculated among other French speaki ng countri es such as Bel gi um, Canada and Swit zerl and to The Secretary General att ended t he biennial General Assembl y of the Uni on obtai n full agreement of their respecti ve Nati onal Societi es. A fi nal list wit h of Internati onal Techni cal Associ ati ons and Organi sati ons i n Pari s 5/6 Apri l cost i nvol ved shall be presented at New Del hi or short l y before hand.

292 SIMSTF / I SSMFE MU R 73 LCPC/ SETRA, 1973

BI BLI OTHÈQUE TYPE POUR LE GÉOTECHN ICIEN PROJ ECT DE Les Pieux Fores LI STE D’OUVRAGES LCPC/ SETRA, 1976

Réali sati on des R embl ai s et couches de f orme, ( Model Li brary - Tentati ve list) Gui de Techni que dit G.T.R . (2 fasci cules) LCPC/ SETRA, 1992 1er ni veau fl st l evelt Recommendat i ons AFPS 1990 ( Tomes I et II) AFPS, Presses ENPC, 1990 et 1991 Injecti on des Sol s H Cambef ort , Eyroll es, 1967 Recommendat i ons Clouterre Presses ENPC, 1991 Ai de Mémoi r e d’hydraul i que souterraine M Cassan, Eyroll es, 1986 Appendi x 11 Les Essai s i n-situ M Cassan, Eyroll es, 1988 SETS OF BOOKS SENT BY SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE MECANICA Mécani que des Sol s DE SUELO Y CIMENTACI ONES TO SOUTH AMERICAN I SSMFE J Cost ets et G Sanglerat, Dunod, 1992 MEMBE R SOCIETIES.

La Prati que des Sol s de Fondat i on G Filliat, R édact eur en chef, Le Moni t eur, 1981 - Qui nt o Congr eso Eur opeo de Mecani ca del Suel o y Ci ment aci ones (Abri l , 1972) Madri d. Rembl ai s et Fondati ons sur sols compressi bl es - Memor i as del Simposi o Naci onal sobre R ocas Blandas (Novi embre, 1976) J P Magnan, presses ENPC, 1984 Madri d. - Memor i as del Simposi o Naci onal sobre Túnel es (Dici embre, 1974) Madri d. Elément s de Mécani que des Sol s -' Simposi o sobre “ Uso I ndustri al del Subsuel o” (Abri l , 1981) Madri d. F Schlosser, Presses ENPC, 1989 - Si mposi o sobre Terraplenes, Pedrapl enes y Otros R el l anos ( Mar zo 1986) Tonemol i nos. Gui de pour l’étude et l a réali sati on des sout ènements - El Agua y el Terreno en l as I nfrastructuras Viari as (Novi embre, 1989). Y Tcheng, UTI, Sedi ma, 1981 - Geot ecni a y Cimient os I: Propei dades de l os suel os y de l as rocas (1971), por J A Ji ménez Sal as et al. Règl es Techni ques de concepti on et de calcul des f ondat i ons des ouvrages de - Geot ecni a y Cimient os II : Mecani ca del suel os y de l as rocas (1981), por J A Géni e Civi l Ji ménez Sal as et al. Fasci cul e 62, Titre V, CCTG - Geot ecni a y Cimient os III : Cimentaci ones, excavaci ones y Apl i caci ones de l a LCPC/ SETRA, 1992 Geot ecni a (1980) por J A Ji ménez Sal as et al.

Fondati ons superfi ciell es, f ondati ons prof ondes Document s Techni ques Unif i ' s (D.T.U.) 13- 11, 13- 12, 13- 2 Appendi x 12 CSTB, Pari s, 1978- 1992

Instructi ons Techni ques pour l a surveil l ance et l ’entreti en des Ouvr ages d’Art: ISSMFE NEWS a) Fondati ons en site terrestre (Fasci cule 11), 1979 b) Fondati ons en site aquati que (Fasci cule 10), 1979 c) Ouvr ages de sout ènement (Fasci cule 51), 1985 Report by Secretary General LCPC/ SETRA

2e ni veau ITEMS FOR I SSMFE NEWS C2nd l evell

Dimensi onnement des ouvrages en pal pl anches en aci er The experi ment of appoi nti ng R egi onal assistant editors has been di sappoi nti ng A Houy, I mpri meri e Quabl ez, Met z, 1986 as t he response f r om t hem has been very poor. Thi s highli ghts t he diffi culty of gett i ng materi a] for I SSMFE News. For exampl e a note i n t he December 1992 Rembl ai s sur argil es mol l es i ssue aski ng for i nteresti ng or unusual phot ographs wit h some 250 wor d descri p­ S Leroueil , J P Magnan, F Tavenas, Lavoisi er, 1985 ti on has evi nced no response. On t he other hand, a direct request to Professor Jamiol kowski for an arti cle on Pisa resulted i n t he excell ent arti cle whi ch Capaci t é protante et t assements des f ondati ons à parti r des essais i n-situ appeared i n Vol 20, No 2, May 1993. Clearl y mor e short arti cles of this t ype J Nuyens, P U Bruxel l es & Eyroll es, 1973 shoul d be sought. I n an effort to i mprove t he f l ow of materi al, a l etter dated 15 June 1993 was sent f r om t he Secretari at to all Member Soci eti es aski ng i f t hey Dynamique des Sol s coul d each appoi nt a suitable person to send i t ems of i nterest t o t he Secretari at. A Pecker, Presses ENPC, 1984 The l etter l i sted t he sort of i t ems whi ch woul d be suitable f or i ncl usi on i n I SSMFE News. Onl y a smal l number of posi ti ve responses wit h suggest ed Fondati ons et ouvrages en terre names has been received, but a further l etter has been sent and it is to be hoped G Phi l pponnat, Eyroll es, 1979 that this wil l i n t i me l ead to regular contri buti ons f r om Member Societi es.

293 NORTH AMERICA rati on tax was GBP 2, 066 higher, refl ecti ng hi gher i nterest earned. There was also an expendi t ure of GBP 840 on reproduci ng sl i des whi ch was not al l owed for i n the budget. In response to a request f r om t he Presi dent t he Secretary General wrot e to John Gadsby of BiTech, 18th Sept ember 1992, regardi ng the possibil i ty of distri but­ i ng I SSMFE News i n Canada and USA but also expressi ng the vi ew that i ncl u­ SUMMA R Y OF ACCOUNTS AND BUDGET I TEMS 1991 si on of an I SSMFE secti on i n Geotechni cal News may be a better soluti on. There has been an underst andi ng for some years that such a secti on shoul d be i ncl uded and I SSMFE News is sent to BiTech for t hem to extract relevant i tems. RECEI PTS Act ual Budget Act ual -Budget However, BiTech have not al ways i ncl uded a specifi c I SSMFE secti on. GBP GBP GBP Subscri pti ons 63, 806 58, 000 +5, 806 BiTech quot ed a pri ce of about USD 1.00 per copy for i nserti ng separate copi es Other I ncome 23, 398 11,000 +12, 398 of I SSMFE News i nto their mail shots. The cost of distri buti ng 6000 copies, f our t i mes a year, to member s i n Canada and USA is t hus USD 24, 000 or EXPENDITURE approxi matel y GBP 16,000. Thi s compares wit h a total budget fi gure for Travel and 16,881 25, 000 -8,119 ISSMFE News of GBP 6,500. The GBP 16,000 represents about GBP 2.70 per Entert ai nment member , compar ed wit h I SSMFE member shi p f ee whi ch for Canadi an and Phot ocopyi ng 897 1,500 -603 USA member s averages barely GBP 3.00 per member . Tel ephone, 1,221 1,320 -99 Tel ex and Fax Stati onery 586 700 -114 Appendi x 13 Post age 2,022 2,000 +22 Audi t ors Fees 922 800 +122 & Bank Charges ISSMFE AUDITED ACCOUNTS 1991, 1992 List of Member s 0 0 0 Newsl ett er 5, 826 6,500 -674 Corporati on Tax 4,634 2,500 +2, 134 Report by Secretary General Kevi n Nash Medal 0 1,500 -1,500 YGEC 0 6, 000 -6,000 Model Li brary 0 1,000 -1,000 1 JAN 1991 TO 31 DEC 1991 Off i ce Equi pment 1,196 1,500 -304 Video Lect ures 4, 090 4, 500 ^10 Staff Emol ument s 30, 100 37, 000 -6,900 The I SSMFE audi t ed accounts for 1991 show an i ncrease i n cash bal ance of and Off i ce Cost s GBP 31,212, and a decrease of CHF 43,315. Taki ng GBP 1 = GHF 2.535 gives a net i ncrease of GBP 18,464 compar ed wit h a budget ed defi cit of GBP 22,280. It can be seen f r om t he att ached summar y tabulati on of accounts and budget SUMMA R Y OF ACCOUNTS AND BUDGET I TEMS 1992 i t ems that subscri pti on receipts exceeded the budget ed amount by GBP 5,806 (probabl y because it was a Counci l Meet i ng year) and other i ncome exceeded budget by GBP 12,398, ari si ng mai nl y f r om hi gher t han expect ed i nterest rates RECEI PTS Act ual Budget Act ual -Budget i n t he UK for 1991, t ogether wit h GBP 3,875 f t om t he 1989 Wor l d Geogui de. GBP GBP GBP Expendi t ure was substanti all y l ess t han budget ed on a number of i tems, i n Subscri pti ons 70, 569 69, 000 +2, 569 parti cular travel and entert ai nment ( GBP 8,119), YGEC ( GBP 6,000) as there Other I ncome 17,352 13,000 +4, 352 was no request for any money to support YGEC acti vi ti es, and staff emol u­ ment s and offi ce ( GBP 6,900) as t he Uni versi t y of Cambr i dge is not at the EXPENDITURE moment aski ng for rental payment s on t he offi ce space and facil i ti es used by Travel and 13, 492 25, 000 -11,508 ISSMFE. Corporati on Tax exceeded budget by GBP 2,134, whi ch refl ected the Entert ai nment hi gher i nterest received on whi ch the corporati on t ax is based. Phot ocopyi ng 291 1,500 -1,209 Tel ephone, Fax 1,395 1,450 -55 Stati onery 512 700 -188 1 JAN 1992 TO 31 DEC 1992 Post age 1,427 2,000 -573 Audi t ors Fees 1,073 900 +173 & Bank Charges The I SSMFE audi t ed accounts for 1992 show an i ncrease i n cash bal ance of List of Member s 0 0 0 GBP 10,858 plus CHF 13,354. Taki ng GBP 1 = CHF 2. 2175 on 31st December Newsl ett er 7,431 6,800 +631 1992 gi ves an i ncrease i n cash bal ance of GBP 16,880. Thi s compares wit h a Corporati on Tax 4,566 2,500 +2, 066 budget ed defi cit of GBP 11,650. Kevi n Nash Medal 0 0 0 Off i ce Equi pment 889 800 +89 It can be seen f r om t he summar y t abulati on of account s and budget i t ems that Video Lect ures 0 5,000 -5,000 subscri pti ons exceeded t he budget ed amount by GBP 2, 569 and other i ncome Staff Emol ument s 31, 506 39, 000 -7,494 exceeded budget by GBP 4,352, mai nl y because of hi gher t han expect ed i nter­ and Off i ce Cost est rates. YGEC 0 6,000 -6,000 Model Li brary 836 1,000 -164 Off i ce expenses, photocopyi ng, t elephone, fax, stati onery and post age wer e a Sli des 840 0 +840 little l ess t han budgeted, but t he mai n i t ems of savi ng i n expenses wer e travel and entert ai nment ( GBP 11,508 l ess) and staff emol ument s ( GBP 7, 494 less). Other maj or savi ngs against budget wer e GBP 5,000, as no vi deo l ectures wer e made, and GBP 6,000, as t here wer e no requests for YGEC expendit ure. The newsl ett er showed a sli ghtl y greater cost t han expect ed ( GBP 631) and corpo­

294 I NT E R NAT I O NAL SOC I E TY F O R SO IL ME CHA N I CS AND FOUNDAT I O N ENG I NEE R I NG

RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 1991

Credit Barcl ays I nvest ment Universi t y Sui sse Bank Account s of Cambr i dge SFr £ £ £

CASH BALANCE AT 1 JANUARY 1991 129,381 64, 124 101, 322 (4,542) ADD: RE CEIPTS Subscri pti ons 148, 014 5,418 Lexi con sales and other publi cati ons 861 Travel refund 397 Interest received 6,939 11,326 Wor l d Geogui de 3,875 277, 395 81, 614 112, 648 (4,542)

LESS: PAYMENTS Emol ument s and staff costs 21, 116 8,984 Travel and entertai nment 16,881 Phot ocopyi ng 897 Tel ephone, telex and f ax 1,183 38 Post age 2,022 Stati onery 353 233 Newsl ett er 5, 826 Audi t f ees 799 Bank charges 313 Corporati on t ax 4, 634 Mast er vi deos 4, 090 Off i ce equi pment 1,196 313 56, 078 12,174

ADD: TRANSFERS F ROM OTHER A CCOUNTS 70, 648 12,000 LESS: TRANSFERS TO OTHER A CCOUNTS 180, 016 12, 000 CASH BALANCE AT 31 DECEMBER 1991 SFr97, 066 £84, 184 £112, 648 £(4,716)

I NCREASE/ ( DECREASE) I N CASH BALANCE SFR(32, 315) £20, 060 £11, 326 £(174)

I nformati on: At 31 December 1991 - £1 = SFr 2. 5350

Audi t ed by Coopers and Lybrand Deloitte.

295 I NT E R NAT I O NAL SOC I E TY FO R SO IL ME CHA N I CS AND FOUNDAT I O N ENG I NEE R I NG

RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 1992

Credit Barcl ays I nvest ment Uni versi t y Sui sse Bank Account s of Cambr i dge SFr £ £ £

CASH BALANCE AT 1 JANUARY 1992 97, 066 84,183 112, 648 (4,716)

ADD: REC EI PTS Subscri pti ons 143, 709 5, 762 Lexi con sales 355 Sli de sales 563 Travel and postal refund 403 Interest received 6,511 9, 520 240, 775 97, 777 122, 168 (4,716)

LESS: PAYMENTS Emol ument s and staff costs 21, 987 9, 519 Travel and entert ai nment 13, 492 Phot ocopyi ng 291 Tel ephone, telex and f ax 1,395 Post age 1,427 Stati onery 244 268 Newsl ett er 7,431 Audi t f ees 870 Bank charges 355 43 Corporati on tax 4, 566 Model l i brary 836 Off i ce equi pment 889 Sli des 840 355 51, 753 12,345

ADD: TRANSFERS F ROM OTHER A CCOUNTS 51, 842 ' 9, 000 LESS: TRANSFERS TO OTHER A CCOUNTS 130, 000 9, 000 CASH BALANCE AT 31 DECEMBER 1992 SFrl 10,420 £88, 866 £122, 168 £(8,061)

I NCREASE/ ( DECREASE) I N CASH BALANCE SFR13. 354 £4, 683 £9, 520 £(3,345)

I nformati on: At 31 December 1992 - £1 = SFr 2. 2175

Audi t ed by Coopers and Lybr and Deloitte.

296 Appendix 14

ISSMFE ORDINARY BUDGET

YEAR 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 GBP GBP GBP GBP GBP GBP RECEIPTS

Member Soci ety Subscri pti ons 63, 800 68, 000 70. 000 70. 000 72, 000 74. 000 Interest (l ess Corp. Tax) 11,465 8,000 7,000 7, 000 7, 500 8,000 75, 265 76, 000 77. 000 77. 000 79,500 82. 000

EXPENDITURE Emol ument s & Staff Cost s 31, 507 40, 500 42. 000 42. 000 44. 000 44. 000 Off i ce costs & equi pment 889 800 7,500 8,000 9.000 9.000 Phot ocopyi ng & pri nti ng 290 1,600 500 500 600 1.000 Tel ephone & Fax 1,396 1,600 2, 000 2,200 2, 500 2. 500 Post age 1,427 2, 200 1,800 1,900 2. 000 2. 500 Stati onery 510 740 600 700 800 1,000 Audi t f ees/ Bank charges 1,075 1,000 1,200 1,200 1,250 1,300 Travel and entert ai nment 13,090 25,000 38.000 30. 000 30. 000 30. 000 50, 184 73, 440 93,600 86, 500 90, 150 91, 300

SURPLUS (DEF ICIT) 25,081 2, 560 (16,600) (9,500) (10,650) (9,300)

ACCUMULATED SURPLUS ORDINARY & E XTRAORDINARY BUDGETS 253, 160 233, 420 223, 570 217, 220 207, 470 207, 770

ISSMFE - EXTRAORDINARY BUDGET

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 GBP GBP GBP GBP GBP GBP RECEI PTS Corporate Member Subscri pti ons 4. 000 7. 000 10,000 10,000 Conf erence I ncome 30. 000 15,000 10,000 30, 000 Royalt i es: Proceedi ngs/R eport s 3. 000 3. 000 3. 000 3.000 Sal es of Sli des 563 2,000 2. 000 2.000 2. 000 2.000 Sal es of Videos 2,000 500 Lexi con and other Sal es 355 400 500 500 500 500 918 4, 400 40. 000 27, 500 25, 500 45, 500

EXPENDITURE Conf erence Support 6,000 15,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 Proceedi ngs and R eport s Model Li brary 836 1,000 500 600 700 1,000 Other I niti ati ves 4. 000 5, 000 5,000 5.000 Videos 5, 000 Sli des 840 1,400 1,400 1,400 1,400 Kevi n Nash Gol d Medal 0 1.000 List of Member s 7, 400 2.000 10,000 I SSMFE NEWS 7,431 7, 300 9,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 UATI Subscri pti ons 1,350 1,350 1,500 1,500 9,107 26, 700 33, 250 24, 350 24, 600 35, 900

SURPLUS (DEF ICIT) (8,189) (22,300) 6,750 3,150 900 9,600

297 XIII ICSMFE, 1994. New Delhi. India / XIII ClMSTF, 1994, New Delhi, Inde

L I S T O F PART I C I P A NTS

L I S TE DES PART I C I P A N T S

AUSTRALIA Lo, Kwan Yee Lou, Jian Kwei Amaral, Robert and Helen Milligan, Victor and Audrey Arenicz, Richard Mittal, Hari K. and Elizabeth Anne Coleman, R.A. Morgenstern, N.R., Patricia and David Ervin, Max Poorooshasb, Hormoz Fell, Robin Robertson, Peter Goldsmith, Robert Roy, Marius and Dumont J. Indraratna, Buddhima Seychuk, John.L. and Vera Lo, Sik-Cheung Robert Shields, Donald and Carol Malcolm, Kim Vaid, Yoginder P. Pandey, V.J. Poulos, H.G. Randolph, Mark CHILE Wagstaff, John Weeks, Olaf Kort Kort, Issa Noguera, Guillermo Retamal, Eugenio, Bogloria Vergara and Maria Isabel AUSTRIA Troncoso, Jorge H. Valenzuela, Luis and Carolina Blejer Fuchsberger, Martin and Kriemhild Lotte Hazivar, Wolfgang Leitner, Knut and Gerhild CHINA

Qiong, Lin BAHRAIN Yang, C.W .

Al Hajdary, K.A. TAIWAN

BELGIUM Chou Li-Ming

De Jaeger, Jacques and Marie-Christine Maes Maertens, Jan and Marie Therese Verbeke COLUMBIA Maertens, Luc and Liangchun Y an Zaczek, Yannick Adolfo, Alarcon-Guzman Sierra, Jesus, Pilar De and Amelia Velasco

BRAZIL CZECH REPUBLIC Barros, W.T. Bogossian, Francis Dolezalova, Marta Carvalho, Queiroz De Feda, Jaroslav Cepollina, Mario and Ana Maria Klablena, Petr and Ludmila Klablenova De Mello, V.F.B. and Luiz Vanicek, Ivan De’court, Luciano, Maria Elizabeth and Robert Frota Lacerda, W.A. Machado, Clovis DENMARK Soares, Marico Miranda and Sarto Betriz Sussumu, Niyama Balstrup, Torben and Hanne Rode Denver, Hans, Lene, Troels and Sigrid Franck, Bjame and Vibeke CANADA Hvam, Tage and Inger Ovesen, Niels Krebs and Hanne Reetz Bozozuk, Michael Porsvig, Mogens and Eva Devata, Murty Steenfeit, Jorgen S. and Merete Drud Finn, W.D.Liam Steensen-Bach, Oie Leroueil, Serge and Franqoise

299 EGYPT Smoltczyk, Ulrich and Barbara Stadtbaeumer, Franz Abdel, Rahman Amira Mohamed Stocker, Manfred F. Baligh, Fatma El-Zahraa El-Ghamrawy, M.K. and Laila Maghraby Abdallah Hamza, M. GREECE

Stamatopoulos, Aris and Maria Despina FINLAND

Avellan, Kari HONG KONG Eerola, L.O. and Peura Hakulinen, Matti Watkins, A. Hartikainen, Jorma Kolisoja, Pauli Koskinen, Mauri HUNGARY Kujala, Kauko and Rauni Loukola, Erkki Farkas, Jozsef and Geza Petrasovits Rathmayer, Hans Lazanyi, Istvan Ravaska, Olli and Anna-Kaija Mecsi, Jozsef and Diana Saarela, Jouko Telekes, Gabor Slunga, Eero and Christina Venhola, Jukka and Tuula INDIA

FRANCE Aly, Mahmoud A.A. Anirudhan, I.V. Alain, Grovel and Annick Arora, Pramod and Suman Amar, Samuel Arya, Mahavir and Sadhna Baguelin, Francois, Marie Marcelle and Marie Nirmala Ashok, M.A. Bastick, M. Ayyar, K.E. Biarez, Jean Babbar, S.K. Bustamante, Michel Babu Shanker, N. Canepa, Yves Badareenarayana, V.V. Canou, Jean Bagli, S. Delage, Piene Bahri, G. Didier, Gérard Balakrishna, C.K. Faure, Rene-Michel and Elizabeth Balan, K. Frank, Roger and VassHia Bandyopadhyay, Soumitra Gambin, Michel and Marie Therese Basak, B.N. Gatmiri, B. Basu, N.K. Giafferi, J.L. Basudhar, P.K. Gourc, J.P. and Claude Bhagwan, Jai and Satyawati Gress, Jean-Claude and Christine G.N.Gallot Lavallee Bhandari, Anil Guillaud, Maurice and Gilbert Salvi Bhandari, B.M. Habib, Pierre Bhandari, R.K. Kästner, Richard Bhandari. R.K.M. and Veena Laigle, F. Bhat, H.S. Launay, Jean Bhattaeharya, A. Le Guernic, Joseph and Annie B., Jean Pierre Lutaud and Marie-Jeanne Bhattacharya, P. Leca, Eric Bhide, S.B. Leighton, J. Bindumadhava Londez, Michel Biswas, Deb Magnan, Jean-Pierre Bose, Pratima Rani Oumhani, Brahim Brar, S.S. Robin, Robert M. and Jeanne Chacham, Ravi Salencon, Jean Chadha, Devinder Kumar Schlosser, Francois and Nicole Chakraborty, A.K. Taibi, Said Chandra, Deep and Sakuntla Devi Touret, Jean-Pierre and Monique Chandra, Sarvesh Unterreiner, Philippe Chandrasekaran, V.S. Char, Alasinga Chaudhari, G.B., Jamuna and Hema GERMANY Chawla, K.S. Dange, Atmaram Alexiew, Dimiter Das, S.C. Brauns, Josef Dastidar, A.G. Choi, Hyung Shik Datir, Upendra D. Fiechter, Irene, Nina Kopecky and Kai-Uwe Ebert Dana, Manoj and Sangeeta Ghosh, Manab Kumar Datye, K R. Jessberger, H.L. and Hedwig Dave, A.A. Koenig, D. De, P.K. Raju, V.R. Desai, M.D. and Shadra Rilling, Berthold Desai, P.N. Schwing, Erwin Deshpande, Sudhir Dewaikar, Dileep Nair, M.D. and Santhi Dhawan, A.K. and Swaran Lata Nanda, Atul Dhawan, M L. and Kusum Narain, Jagdish Gabriel, Jacob Roy Naresh, D.N. Gahir, J.S. Nayak, N.V. and Suman Gandhi, Gautam Nigam, N.C. and Shashi Gangadharan, K.S. Pandian, N.S. Ganpule, V.T. Pankaj Garg, K.G. Patel, N.M. Gervaso, Federico Paul, Dilip K. Ghanekar, R.K. Prakash, Chandra Ghosh, Amitava Pranesh, M R. Ghosh, P.K. Punja, M.R. Giri, S.V. Purkayastha, R.D. Gopalakrishnan, M. Raikar, R.N. Gulhati, Shashi K. and Rashmi Rajappa, R. Gupta, A.C. Raju, G.V.S. Gupta, K.K. and Kiran Raju, V.S. Gupta, Mohan Lai Rama Rao, R. and Subhadra Gupta, S. P. Ramakrishna, Raju N. Gupta, Sanjay and Sunita Ramakrishnan, P.G. Handa, S.C. and Kiran Ramamurthy, T. and Kamala Ingreji, N.K. Ramasamy, G. Iyer, Balakrishnan P. Ramaswamy, S.V. Jain, A.K. and Sarita Rani Ranjan, Gopal and Asha Jain, G.S. Rao, A.S.Ramachandra Jain, Mahavir Prasad Rao, B.G. and Prem Lata Jain, P.K. Rao, G.Venkatappa and Indira Jain, V.K. and Neeru Rao, J.Rama Krishna and Josyula Joshi, A.B. Rao, K.S. and Sita Joshi, S.K. Rao, K.S.Subba Joshi, V.H. and Nalini Rao, Narasimha S. Kadiwala, A.D. Rao, P.J. and Satyavani P. Kadkade, D.G. Rao, P.K.L. Kalita, U.C. Rawat, P.C. and Manoj Kapur, Gen. V.N. Ray, S.K. Kapur, Ramesh and Urmila Reddy, M.S. Karandikar, D.V. Roy, M.B. Kate, J.M . and Lata Roy, T.K. Katti, R.K. and Swati Sadana, M.L. Ketkar, D.J. Saha, Abhijit Khatri, N.N. Saha, Sudhendu Khoda, Rajender Saigal, B.K. and Kanti Koshi, Ninan and Mary Samadhiya, N.K. Krishnamurthy, K.V. Saran, Swami Kuberan, R. and Bhooma Sarkar, Som S. Kulkarni, K.R. Sarma, B.R. Sen Kulkarni, Ramesh Sarma, V.B. Kulkarni, Uday Sarode, Dilip D. and Supriya Kumar, Ashwani Saxena, K.R. Kumar, Digvijay Sengupta, Pradip Kumar, Manish Shah, Narendra A. Kumar, S.Jaswant Sharma, Ashok Kumar Kumar, Surendra Sharma, Devendra Kuppalli, Prakasha Sharma, K.G. and Sulochana Kuppusamy, T. Sharma, R.P. Kurian, Nainan P. Sharma, V.M. and Santosh Lavania, B.V.K. Shome, J.N. Madan, K.K. Shrivastava, S.P. and Lata Madhav, M R. Shroff, A.V. Mahajan, D.B. Shukla, S.K. Mane, S.N. Singh, D.V. Mehrotra, G.S. Singh, Gurminder and Surender Kaur Mehrotra, Vinod Singh, Jattinder and Harjit Kaur Mehta, D.B. Singh, R.B. and Anita Mehta, H.S. Singh, Ran Bir Mitra, S.K. Singh, Resham Mohan, Aditya Singh, Tejinder Pal and Harjinder Kaur Mohan, Dinesh and Rajeshwari Singh, Virendra Moza, K.K. and Rama Sinha, K.P. Mukerjee, S. Sinha, U.N. Murthy, V.N.S. Sinvhal. Amita Murty, A.V.S.R. Sivapullaiah, P.V. Nagaraj, T.S. Sivasankar, L. Nagendra, M.V. and Suguna Som, N.N.

301 Soni, K.M. Jamiolkowski, Mike and Maddallena Soni, M.L. Madiai, Claudia Sreekantiah, H.R. Manassero, Mario Sridharan. A. Marchetti, Silvano and Eleonora Srinivasa Murthy, B.R. Martinetti, S. Srivastava, R.K. and Jyotsana Maugeri, Michele Subrahmanyam, K.V.S. Ottaviani, Mario and Riulia Sarracco Sudhindra, C. Passalacqua, Roberto Sundaram, Ravi and Seetha Pedroni, S. Suri, S.B. Rimoldi, Pietro Tambekar, M.D. and Kamal Rossi, P.P. Telang, R. Sembenelli, Piero Thareja, D.V. Soranzo, Maurizio and Vedrà Sintich Thatte, C.D. Superbo, Sabino and Mariarosaria Cecere Thiagarajan, U.K. Tomiolo, Andrea Thiruvengadam, V Vannucchi, Giovanni Tiwari, R.P. Viggiani, C. Tokhi, V.K. Toley, S.R. Uppal, K.B. and Anju JAPAN Vaenkatesan, S. Vaidya, Govind Abe, Hitoshi Varadarajan, A. and Mangammal Abe, Tomoyuki Varadarajulu, G.H. Adachi, Kalcuichiro Vatsala, A.. Adachi, T. and Shoko Venkatachalam, G. Akagi, Toshinobu and Yasuo Venkatachalam, K. Akai, Koichi Venkataraman, M. Akira, Uchida Venkataratnam, M. Aoki, Masamichi Verma, Arvind Aoyagi, Takayuki Verma, H.C. and Neena Arai, Hitoshi Viladkar, M.N. Asaoka, Akira Viswanadham, B.V.S. and Lakshmi Fujimoto, Akio Yog, Ashok Kumar Fujita, Keiichi and Yoshi Yudhbir Goto, Satoshi Hashimoto, T. Horiuchi, Takahide INDONESIA Hotta, Hikaru Iai, Susumu Gouw Tjie-Liong Igarashi, Hideyuki Rismantojo and Kusumahhani Iizuka, Atsushi Surya, Ibrahim Imanishi, Hajime and Mutsumi Sutardjo, Tatang Ishihara, Kenji and Miyoko Ishii, Yusuke Iwamoto, H. IRAN Iwasaki, Yoshinori Kamon, Masashi Amirsoleymani, T. and Fattaneh Motazedi Kani, Yukihiko Behnia, Cambyse Kashiwagi, Atsuo Haeri, Seyed Mohsen Kato, Kazuhiro Rezvan, Kamran Katsumi, Takeshi Kawase, Yasuhiro Kazama, Satoru ISRAEL Kimura, Tsutomu Kishida, Hideaki and Takeshi Amir, Joram M. and Maya Kitamura, Hachiro Geffen, Samuel and Aviv Dafna Kobayashi, Shun-Ichi Lavie, Yoram, Shula and Lavie Kodaka, Takeshi Livneh, Moshe and Ruth Kuntiwattanakul, P. and Luengdumrongkit Sumalee Shani, Abraham Kusakabe, Osamu Wiseman, Gdalyah and Esther Kuwabara, MasahiKo Zolkov, Eli and Daniela Lennon, Arch Masuo, Takayuki Matsuo, Minoru ITALY Matsuo, Shinji Mimura, Mamoru Allegretti, Teresa C. and Umberto Miura, Norihiko Baldi, G. Mori, Hitoshi Belviso. Renato Murata, Junya Doriano, Pacchioshi Muta, T. Federico, A. Nagase, Masami Fiorotto, R. Nakahiro, Toshiyuki Ghionna, V.N. Nakai, Teruo Giani, Gian Paolo Nakano, Ryoki Grisolia, Massimo Nakase, Akio

302 Niboki, Toshihiko MEXICO Nishida, Kazuhiko Nishimura, Tomohiro Ayala, Roberto Ohta, Hideki Diaz-Rodriguez, i.Abraham and Esther Rodrigue De Oka, Fusoa Juarez-Badillo, Eulalio and Bertha; YolandaCortes and Nunez Oshima, Akihiko Mendoza, M.J. Pokharel, Gyaneswor Pecero, G.M. Pradhan, Tej B.S. Springall, G.,Lourdes, Luby and Alejandro Saitoh, Kunio Trueba, Venancio Sakajo, Saiichi Satake, Masao Shibata, Hideaki MOROCCO Shibuya, Heihachiro and Masako Shosuke, Toki and Fumiko Ejjaaouani Shrivastava, Abhay Shrivastava, Sandeep Simizu, Masayoshi NEW ZEALAND Sugawara, Noriaki Sugimoto, Takao and Shumpei Sasaki Pender, Michael Suzuki, Kanta Wesley, Laurence Suzuki, Yasutsugu Williams, Philip Takada, Naotoshi and Kimiyo Takehara, Koji Takizawa, Mas amichi NORWAY Tanaka, H. Tanaka, Koichi Keaveny, Joseph Tanaka, Tsutomu Klevar, Oyvind Tanaka, Yukihisa Lacasse, Suzanne Tarumi, Hisashi Leirvik, Karl and Inger-Mari Tateyama, Masaru Schjetne, Knut Tatsuoka, Fumio Senneset, Kaare and Inger Sofie Taya, Naomi Valstad, Tore Terashi, Masaaki Tokimatsu, Kohji Torii, Tsuyoshi PAKISTAN Toshimi, Tatsui and Rajesh Kochar Towhata, Ikuo Saeed, Irfan Tsuchida, Takashi and Matsumi Tsuge, Hiroshi Tsuji, Hidenori PAPUA NEW GUINEA Tsukamoto, Hideki Uchida, K. Goldsmith, Robert and Louise Uchiyama, Masami Watabe, Yoichi Watanabe, Eiichi PERU Yamakawa, Masao Yamashita, Kiyoshi Alva-Hurtado, Jorge E. Yasuda, Susumu Yoshikuni, Hiroshi Zaoya, Katsuyoshi POLAND

Dembicki, E. KUWAIT Klosinski, B.A. Mazurkiewicz, B.K. Chehadeh, Waddah and Ghada Al Romani Stepkowska, E.T. Wolski, Wojciech Wysorinski, Lech W. LUXEMBURG Zadroga, Bohdan

Riemer, W. PORTUGAL

MALAYSIA Cardoso, Antonio Correia, Rui Manuel and Maria Clara Abdullah, A.M.L.B. Dias Alfaro Lopes, Maria Da Graca Ali, Faisal Hj. Fonseca, Antonio Aun, Ooi Teik Gomes Correia, Antonio and Olga M.L.M.Andrade Azam, Tarique Guerra, N.M. Da Costa Peng, Mun Kwai Jalali, Said Rahulan, G. Lemos, L.J.L. See, Sew Gue Lopes, Maria Yoew, Moy Weng Maranha Das Neves, Emanuel and Julia, Marta and Diogo Saldanha Yusoof, M.I.M. Martins, Julio and Albertina Mateus De Brito, Jose Antonio and Maria Hortense Seco e Pinto. Pedro S.

303 Sousa Coutinho, A.G. and Isabel; Antonio.I. and Maria Gabriela Puerta, F.L. and Morales L.L. Uriel, Angel and Maria Rosa Fernandez-Inigo

ROMANIA SWEDEN Manoliu, Iacint Ahnberg, H. Delfs, Wilhelm and Irma RUSSIA Hansbo, Sven and Lena Hartlen, Jan Popescu, Mihail Hultsjo, Sven Bartolomey, A. Jonsson, Roland and Adele Pettersson Domarev, Alexandr Massarsch, K.R. and Marianne Khassine, Mikhail Moller, Björn Ponomaryov, Andrey and Vadim Othrichter Rydell, Bengt G. Vyacheslav, I. Sellgren, Eskil and Rie Persson Svensson, P.L. and Benita

SINGAPORE SWITZERLAND Wada, Akira Bonnard, Christophe Brenner, Peter SLOVENIA Caprez, Markus Friedli, Peter Sovinc, Ivan Madsen, Fritz T. and Elisabeth Schneider, H.R. Steiner, Walter SOUTH AFRICA Suter, Kurt.E. and Ann Wolf, John P. Blight, Geoffrey and Rhona Day, Peter Donaldson, George TAIWAN R.O.C. Fourie, Andy Parry-Davies, R. and Renee Feng, Tao-Wei Schreiner, Deneys Chang, Sen-Yuan Chern, Jin-Ching Chou, Li-Ming SOUTH KOREA Liao, Hung-Jiun and Show-Ling Wen Ou, Chinder Ahn, Sang Ro Wu, W.L. Bae, Gyu Jin Chun, Byung-Sik Chung, Hyung Sik TAZIKISTAN Han, Daesuk Heo, Jeong-Hun Djamched, A. Hong, Sung-Wan and Soon-Ok Chang Farshed, Z. Ihm, Chol-Woong Jang, Chan Soo THAILAND Kang, Byung-Hee Kim, Hong-Taek Kim, J.S. Balasubramaniam, A.S. Kim, Ki Hyung Bergado, Dennes Kim, S.R. Kuvijitjaru, Sataporn Kim, Sang-Kyu and Young-Ja Kim Son Leerakomsan, Suchart Kim, Soo Sam Phienwej, N. Lee, Chong Kyu Sugimoto, Mitsutaka and Kyoko Lee, E.S. Virasak, Tanakorn Lee, Myung Whan Lee, S.B. Lee, Yang-Hee THE NETHERLANDS Paik, Young-Shik Yang, Hyun-Sung Allersma, H.G.B. Arentsen, D. and Adrie Balkema, A.T. SPAIN Barends, Frans B.J. and Echlaas Zoabi Beetstra, Gerben W. and Henny Enoeg Alonso, Eduardo and Florencia De Soto Boer, Freerk De and Jellie Ballestero, F.R. and García Brand, Peter and Anita Merckx Dapena, E. and Cherry J. Cortlever, R.M. Escario, Ventura and María Rosa Travesedo De Jong, Rolf Gens, Antonio and Maria Dolores Fernandez De Quelery, Louis Jimenez-Salas José, Antonio De Wit, Hans and Ria Ledesma, Alberto Everts, Bert Lloret, Antonio Haan, Evert J.Den

304 Heijnen, Willem and Johanna Van Vliet Carrier, W.David III Knibbeler, Alexander Chameau, Jean-Lou, Jeanine Ferris and Therese Koehorst, Benno Christian, John T. and Lynda Kolk, Harry J. Deal, Clifton and Marva J. Kottmann, Nico-J. Deo, Purushottam and Manjul Ligterink, A.A. Duncan, James, Ann, John and Julia Reilly Middendorp, P. Forrest, James Parkinson, C D. Gangopadhyay, Chitta Piek, Sjoerd Ghadiali, B.M. Richards, Adrian Goble, George Stevelink, Walter and Tientje Jaeger Holtz, Robert and Cricket Morgan Termaat, Ruud Juran, Ilan Van Toi, A.F. Ladd, Charles and Carol Welling, Engbert Mesri, Reza Misra, Anil Mitchell, J.K. and Virginia TURKEY Murthy, K.N. Nolan, Jr. Thomas A. Ergun, Mehmet Ufiik Padilla, Manuel Erol, Orhan Penumadu, Dayakar and Marie Castagna Togrol, Ergun Poppino, Allen Prakash, Shamsher, Kumar Soami and Vijay Puri, Sandeep UNITED KINGDOM Puri, V.K. Pyke, Robert Been, Kenneth Rai, Amrit Blair-Fish, Peter and Diana Reddi, Lakshmi Brown, Stephen and Maryse Schmidt, Birger Burland, John Schnabel, Harry and Joan Ghosh, N.L. Scoville, John A. and Elizabeth Green, Philip Arthur Screwvala, F. Greenwood, D.A. and Gillian Singh, Sukhmander Hight, David William, Susan and Andrew James Singh, Udai Hyde, Adrian F.L. Sowers, George and Frances Johnson, David Stokoe II, K.H. Lord, Andrew Sutterer, Kevin Madabhushi, Gopal and Rajalakshmi Thevanayagam, S. Mair, Robert Vucetic, Mladen Mccandless, Gary Kenneth Wahls, Harvey and Margaret Muir Wood, Alan and Winifred Wang, Mian-Chang Parry, R.H.G. and Amy Cobb Wissa, Anwar and Enid Paul, James Woods, Richard D. Penman, Arthur Wray, Warren K. and Wanda Petley, Derek and Alison Youd, T.Leslie Schofield. A N., Margaret, Marion Glasscowe and Penny Eyles Simons, Noel and Barbara Hainsworth Smith, Ian UKRAINE Staten, Philip M. Taylor, R.N. Iakovlev, Peter Tedd, Paul Toll, David Toolan. Eugene VENEZUELA Vaughan, Peter Hiedra-Cobo, Juan and Diego Hiedra-Lopez, Juan and Beatriz Cobo-De-Hiedra USA

Agrawal, Girish VIETNAM Alalusi, H.R. Anderson, Scott A. Nguyen, Bake and Vu Do Than Auxt, Jay A. Nguyen, Truong Tien Baker, Clyde and Jeanette Silver, Marshall L. Bhatia, Shobha K.

305 XIIIICSMFE, 1994, New Delhi, India / XIII CIMSTR, 1994, New Delhi, Inde

E X H I B I T O R S

E X P O S A N T S

INTERNATIONAL A.A.Balkema Publishers, The Netherlands A.P.Van Den Berg Machinefabriek B.V., The Netherlands Apageo Segelm, France Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH, Germany Casagrande SPA, Italy Construction Project Consultants, Inc., Japan Geotechnics Holland BV, The Netherlands Geotechnical Consulting and Testing Systems, U.S.A. Goudsche Machinefabriek B.V., The Netherlands Hogentogler & Co. Inc., U.S.A. Huesker Synthetic GmbH & Co., Germany IHC Hydrohammer B.V., The Netherlands International Construction Equipment B.V., The Netherlands ISMES SPA, Italy La Terre Armee/Reinforced Earth, France MOS Rhoon Geotechnics, The Netherlands Norwegian Geotechnical Institute. Norway Oyo Corporation, Japan Pacchiosi Doriano/Pacchiosi Lavori, Italy Petrometalic, France Plaxis B.V., The Netherlands Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick & Partners, U.K. Slope Indicator Co. Pty. Ltd., Australia Soletanche, France Tenax SPA, Italy TNO Building and Construction Research, The Netherlands

NATIONAL Associated Instrument Manufacturers (India) Pvt. Ltd. Cemindia Company Limited Central Soil and Materials Research Station Central Road Research Institute Encardio-Rite Electronics Pvt. Ltd. G.S.Jain & Associates Pvt. Ltd. Hydraulic & Engineering Instruments Indian Geotechnical Society Ingersoll Rand (India) Ltd. Larsen Sl Toubro Limited Ludlow Jute Mills, Prop: Aekta Limited National Building Construction Corporation Limited Netlon India, Divn. of Parry & Co. Ltd. Pile Dynamics (India) Pvt. Ltd. United Foundation Consultants (P) Limited

306 XIII ICSMFE, 1994. New Delhi, India / XIII CIMSTF, 1994, New Delhi. Inde

L I S T O F I N D U S T RY I N T E R A CT I O N PART I C I P A NTS

L I S TE DES PART I C I P A NTS A L’I N T E R A CT I O N A V E C L’I N D U S T R I E

OVERSEAS PARTICIPANTS A.A.Balkema Publishers, The Netherlands A.P.Van Den Berg Machinefabriek B.V., The Netherlands Apageo Segelm, France Bauer Spezialtiefbau GmbH, Germany Casagrande SPA, Italy Construction Project Consultants, Inc., Japan Geotechnical Consulting and Testing Systems, USA Geotechnics Holland B.V., The Netherlands Goudsche Machinefabriek B.V., The Netherlands Hogentogler & Co. Inc., USA Huesker Synthetic GmbH & Co., Germany IHC Hydrohammer B.V., The Netherlands International Construction Equipment B.V., The Netherlands ISMES SPA, Italy La Terre Armee S.A., France MOS Rhoon Geotechnics, The Netherlands Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Norway Oyo Corporation, Japan Pacchiosi Drill SpA, Italy Petrometalic, France Plaxis B.V., The Netherlands Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick & Partners, U.K. Slope Indicator Co. Pty. Ltd., Australia Soletanche, France Tenax SPA, Italy TNO Building and Construction Research, The Netherlands

INDIAN PARTICIPANTS Asia Foundations and Constructions Ltd., Bombay Associated Instrument Manufacturers (India) Ltd., New Delhi Cemindia Co. Limited, Bombay Cengrs Geotechnica Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi Continental-Foundation Joint Venture, New Delhi Encardio-Rite Electronics Pvt. Ltd., Lucknow ECC Construction Group, L&T, Madras Geotech Consultants Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi G.S.Jain & Associates Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi Hydraulic & Engineering Instruments, New Delhi Ingersoll Rand (India) Ltd., Bangalore Jaiprakash Industries Ltd., New Delhi Ludlow Jute Mills, Calcutta Ministry of Water Resources, New Delhi National Building Construction Corporation Ltd., New Delhi Netlon India, Baroda Pile Dynamics (India) Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad Rail Indian Technical & Economic Services Ltd., New Delhi Unitech Ltd., New Delhi United Foundation Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Madras Water & Power Consultancy Services (India) Ltd., New Delhi

307 I NDEX O F C O NT R I B U T O R S ( VOLU MES 1 T O 6)

(The number indicates vol ume and page, e.g. 3- 1287 indicates vol ume 3, page 1287)

Aaboe, R. 3-12 87 Baranski, T. 3-983 Abbiss, C.P. 3-1329 Barardi, R. 2-659 Abdullah, A.M .L.B. 3-10 13 Barrios, M .R. 1-397 Abedin, M.Z. 2-627 Barros, W .T. 1-373 Acar, V.B. 2-669 Bartolom ey, A.A. 2-551, 4 -1717 Adachi, K. 5-207, 6-239 Bastick, M. 2-845 Adachi, T. 2-879 Bathurst, R.J. 4-1381 Agha, A. 5-119 Bazin, E. 2-799 Agarwal, R.K. 2-453 Been, K. 5-297 Agrawal, G. 4-1441 Behnia, C. 2-845 Ahmed, M ansur 3-1133 Behpoor, L. 2-445 Ahnberg, H. 2-119 1,4 -179 1 Bellotti, R. 1-313, 4-1779 Ahn, Sango-ro 3-967 Bell, F.G. 3-1003 Akai, K. 6-231 Benoit, J. 1-173, 313 Àkhmedov, D.D. 1-103 Bergado, D.T. 2-909, 4-1361 Alampalli, S. 3-1033 Bergenstahl, L. 4-1637 Ali, F.B.H . 3-10 13 Berglund, M. 4-1403 Ali, S. 1-187 Berntsson, J.A . 3-118 3 Allersm a, H .G.B. 3-1341 Berzi, P. 2-609 Alonso, E.E. 4-1629, 1741 Bhandari, R.K. 3-1095 Alshawabkeh, A.N. 2-669 Bhandari, R.K.M . 3-1325 Aly, M.A.A. 2-739 Biard, C. 2-839 Al-Douri, R.H . 4-1669 Biarez, J. 1-385 Al-Tabbaa, A. 1-75 Bibichkov, A.A. 2-895 Amann, P. 4-1475 Biczok, E. 3-1127 Amar, S. 2-623 Bijnagte, J.L. 2-831 Ameen, S.F. 2-627 Bilau, J. -M. 4-1653 Amenta, G. 2-747 Bindum adhava, 4-1519 Am irsoleym ani, T. 4-1531 Bissgaard, A. 4-1683 Anagnostopoulos, A. 2-673 Blair-Fish, P.M . 2-523 Anastasiadis, A .J. 1-205 Blight, G.E. 2-853 Anderson, D.L. 3-1047 Boden, D.G. 3-991 Anderson, L.R. 4-1787 Boggossian, F. 1-373 Anderson, S.A. 1-255 Bohac, J. 1-407 Andrawes, K.Z. 2-627, 3-1261 Boisard, P. 2-527 Arslan, U. 2-725 Bolt, A.F. 2-461 Arumugam, S. 4-1445 Bonato, P. 4-1737 Asaoka, A. 2-763 Bond, A .J. 2-473, 2-823 Aste, J.P. 5-311 Bonnard, Ch. 3-1357, 5-149 Athanasopoulos, G.A. 3-1273 Bonnet, G. 1-215 Atkinson, J.H . 3-1009 Bordes, J.-L. 4-1653 Atmatzidis, M.D. 3-1273 Bottiau, M. 2-469 Attewill, L. 4-1791 Bouchelaghem , A. 4-1633 Avellan, K. 2-449 Bouckovalas, G. 2-673 Axelsson, K. 1-57 Bouckovalas, G.D. 3-1063 A-Hurtado, J.E. 3-1069 Boudali, M. 1-411 A-Rahm an, A.M. 4-1527 Boutin, C. 2-845 Brar, S.S. 3-1345 Badie, A. 2-571 Brassinga, H.E. 2-003 Bae, Gyu-Jin 3-967 Brauns, J. 4-16 17 Baguelin, F. 2-623, 2-891 Brislawn, J.P. 1-19 7 Bahda, F. 3-1297 Brons, K.F. 2-465 Bakeer, R.M . 4-1385 Brown, S.F. 4-1823, 5-321 Baker, C.N. 4-1769 Bufi, G. 1-233 Bakholdin, B.V. 2-555 Burland, J.B. 2-493, 4-1501 Bakir, N.E. 2-705 Bustam ante, M. 2-685 Balasubram aniam , A.S. 1-51, 2-909, 4-1535 Butler, L.W . 1-19 7 Baldi, G. 5-223 Bu, S. 3-991 Baligh, F.A. 4-1527 Byrne, P.M . 3-1047 Balstrup, T. 2-775 By, T. 4-1677 Bannerjee, S. 3-119 9 By, T.L. 1-279

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Dr. Parry descri bi ng t he acti vi ti es of t he I nternat i onal Soci et y duri ng t he Openi ng Cer emoni es

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XIII International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering New Delhi, 5 -10 January 1994 SESSIONS

XIII International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering New Delhi, 5-10 Januar y 1994

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New Delhi, 7 January 1994

KISHlHARi IK EUlHATl HCVERMA

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