INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING This paper was downloaded from the Online Library of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). The library is available here: https://www.issmge.org/publications/online-library This is an open-access database that archives thousands of papers published under the Auspices of the ISSMGE and maintained by the Innovation and Development Committee of ISSMGE. XIII ICSMFE, 1994. New Delhi, India / XIII CIMSTF, 1994, New Delhi, Inde ^ BUI Pr ef ace Conferences are great occasions to interact with ones peers, to Society of Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering. An Index participate in stimulating discussions, to explore new ideas, to form encompassing all the six volumes is included herein. friendships and generally to rejuvenate oneself. International conferences are such mega occasions and in addition one gets a During the Conference the technical papers were presented only chance to explore the country in which the conference is held. T here through Poster Sessions. To ensure that the Poster Sessions are more are many intangibles that one gains through a conference. The only meaningful, a Document of Abstracts of all the papers accepted for thing tangible, however, is the Proceedings containing the most up-to- publication was prepared well in advance of the Conference and sent date information and concepts. to registered delegates. The Document also served to acquaint prospective delegates with the specific areas of current research in When the Indian Organising Committee began the work for hosting each theme and thereby made the Discussion Sessions during the the XIII ICSMFE we felt that publishing the Proceedings would be a Conference more lively. relatively simple task. After all, we presumed, the previous 12 Conferences must have tuned geotechnical engineers and National We would like to acknowledge the Oxford & 1BH Publishing Societies to follow the well-established procedures of calling for Company for their excellence in producing the six volum es to abstracts, reviewing, selecting and finally preparing papers as per international standards. The credit of compiling the volumes goes prescribed formats. We were in for a big surprise. In fact, our whole primarily to my overworked colleagues Dr.K.S.Rao and Secretariat and processing procedure had to be revamped to cater to Prof.M.R.Pranesh. the idiosyncrasies of authors and National Societies. Those who followed the prescribed procedures were few. We sincerely hope that these six volumes will serve as a constant reminder, not only of the technical achievements of the XIII The first five volumes of the Proceedings were distributed at the time International Conference on Soil Mechanics & Foundation of the Conference. The first four contained 412 technical papers Engineering, but also of the intangibles that we enjoyed during the accepted for publication by 47 National Societies from 1000 authors. five days of the Conference. The papers were arranged as per the 17 themes identified for the Conference. The fifth volume contained the State-of-the-Art reports, Lead Discussors’ comments as well as the comments from Panelists on very specific topics assigned to them by the Technical Committee. It also contained the four lectures on Momentous Occasions in Geotechnical Engineering. This Sixth Volume includes the Terzaghi S.K. GuI hat i Oration, the Heritage Lecture and the Mercer Lecture. It describes New Delhi Organising Secretary General, XIII ICSMFE the activities at the Conference both in text as well as pictorially. It also contains technical papers received late, discussions, reports ot Technical Committees and official documents of the International XIII ICSMFE, 1994. New Delhi, India / XIII CIMSTF, 1994. New Delhi, Inde Sponsor s Pr o mot e u r s SPONSOR Ministry of Water Resources COSPONSORS Associated Instrument Manufacturers (India) Pvt. Ltd. Cemindia Co. Ltd. Unitech Ltd. DONORS Asia Foundations and Constructions Ltd. Continental Foundation Joint Venture Hydraulic & Engineering Instruments Jaiprakash Industries Ltd. Larsen & Toubro Ltd., ECC Construction Group Rail India Technical & Economic Services Ltd. ASSOCI ATES Cengrs Geotechnica Pvt.Ltd. Geotech Consultants Pvt.Ltd. Water and Power Consultancy Services (India) Ltd. XIII ICSMFE, 1994, New Delhi. India / XIII CIMSTF, 1994, New Delhi. Inde Organi zat i on of t he Conf er ence Organi sat i on du congr es CONFERENCE ADVI SORY COMMITTEE NR. Morgenstern President, ISSMFE K.Ishihara Vice President (Asia), ISSMFE R.H.G.Parry Secretary General, ISSMFE F.Bogossian Organising Secretary, XII ICSMFE, Brazil A.Sridharan Organising Secretary (Technical Committee), XIII ICSMFE, India S.K.Gulhati Organising Secretary General, XIII ICSMFE, India NATI ONAL ADVI SORY COMMITTEE Anil Bhandari Managing Director, Indian Tourism Development Corporation S.V.Giri Secretary Education. Ministry of Human Resources Development S.K.Gulhati Organising Secretary General, XIII ICSMFE S.K.Joshi Director General, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research Ramesh Kapur Director, Unitech Limited Gen.V.N.Kapur Engineer-in-Chief, Army Headquarters Ninan Koshi Director General (Road Development), Ministry of Surface Transport Dinesh Mohan Past Vice-President, Asian Region ISSMFE N.C.Nigam Director, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi M.R.Punja Chairman, Cemindia Co.Ltd. T.Ramamurthy Heritage Lecturer C.D.Thatte Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources H.C.Verma President, Indian Geotechnical Society XV ORGANI ZI NG COMMITTEE S.K.Gulhati Organising Secretary General Gopal Ranjan Joint Organising Secretary General K.S.Subba Rao Joint Organising Secretary General K.S.Chawla Organising Secretary (Companions Programme) S.C.Handa Organising Secretary (Geotechnical Highlights) R.Kapur Organising Secretary (Finance) V.S.Raju Organising Secretary (Publication) G.V.Rao Organising Secretary (Delegate Interaction) V.M.Sharma Organising Secretary (Sessions) D.V.Singh Organising Secretary (Exhibition) Jattinder Singh Organising Secretary (Hospitality) N Som Organising Secretary (Tours) A.Sridharan Organising Secretary (Technical) Manoj Datta Joint Organising Secretary (Industry Interaction) K.K.Gupta Joint Organising Secretary (Finance Coordination) K.S.Rao Joint Organising Secretary (Coordination) S.K.Babhar Member N.K.Basu Member R.K.Bhandari Member Gita R.Choksi Member M.D.Desai Member N.S.Gnvinda Rao Member A.B.Joshi Member R.K.Katti Member R.Kuheran Member Dincsh Mohan Member Jagdish Narain Member Shamsher Prakash Member T.Ramamurthy Member B.G.Rao Member R.Rama Rao Member V.B.Sarma Member K.R.Saxena Member M.D.Tambekar Member A.Varadarajan Member H.C.Verma Member CONFERENCE ORGANI ZI NG SECRETARI AT S.K.Gulhati Organising Secretary General Gopal Ranjan Joint Organising Secretary General K.S.Subba Rao Joint Organising Secretary General Manoj Datta Joint Organising Secretary (Industry Interaction) K.K.Gupta Joint Organising Secretary (Finance Coordination K.S.Rao Joint Organising Secretary (Coordination) STAFF ( SECRETARIAT) Nachhatar Singh Executive Secretary Sasikala Secretary to Organising Secretary General Navin Mehta Computer Programmer Sanjay Arora Computer Operator Jeewan Naryal Accountant Ramesh Accounts Assistant Vinitha Assistant Bhagirath Office Boy Rajesh Kumar Bisht Office Boy Surender Rawat Office Boy xvi Hospit ali t y TASK COMMITTEES Jattinder Singh Organising Secretary Compani on Pr ogr amme Ravi Sundaram Joint Organising Secretary K.S.Chawla Organising Secretary Mahavir Arya Member T.P.Singh Joint Organising Secretary B.K.Mandai Member Janet Chawla Member T.Ramamurthy Member Rashmi Gulhati Member Gurminder Singh Member Harsh Vardhan Member J.P.Varshney Member Del egat e I nteracti on Publ i cati on G.V.Rao Organising Secretary V.S.Raju Organising Secretary R.Kuheran Joint Organising Secretary M.R.Pranesh Joint Organising Secretary K.G.Sharma Joint Organising Secretary S.Narasimha Rao Joint Organising Secretary K. Balan Member N.P.Kurian Member J. M. Kate Member S.V.Ramaswamy Member A.V.S.R.Murty Member Sessi ons G.V.S.Raju Member P.C.Rawat Member V.M.Sharma Organising Secretary S.Sachdeva Member A.K.Dhawan Joint Organising Secretary K.M.Soni Member K.K.Moza Joint Organising Secretary B.V.S.Viswanadham Member R.K.M.Bhandari Member Sanjay Gupta Member Exhibit i on R.B.Singh Member D.V.Singh Organising Secretary S B .Suri Member K.B.Uppal Joint Organising Secretary D.V.Thareja Member Jai Bhagwan Member K.Venkatachalam Member Deep Chandra Member Techni cal H. S. Mehta Member A.Sridharan Organising Secretary Fi nance V.S.Chandrasekaran Member R.Kapur Organising Secretary M.R.Madhav Member Arvind Verma Joint Organising Secretary T.S.Nagaraj Member K.K.Gupta Member T.Ramamurthy Member V.H.Joshi Member S.V.Ramaswamy Member P.J.Rao Member N.Som Member H.R.Sreekantiah Member Geot echni cal Highl i ghts A.Varadarajan Member S.C.Handa Organising Secretary Tour s S.P.Gupta Joint Organising Secretary Devendrá Sharma Joint Organising Secretary N.Som Organising Secretary G.Ramasamy Member P.Bhattacharya Member A.S.R.Rao Member S.C.Das Member N.K.Samadia Member S.K.Mitra Member A.K.Sharma Member R.D.Purkayastha Member BOARD OF I SSMFE N.R.Morgenstern President, ISSMFE G.W.Donaldson Vice-President, ISSMFE Africa K.Ishihara Vice-President, ISSMFE Asia H.Poulos Vice-President, ISSMFE Australia U.Smoltc?yk Vice-President, ISSMFE Europe J.K.Mitchell Vice-President, ISSMFE North America L.De’court Vice-President. ISSMFE South America B.B.Broms Member V.A.Ilyichev Member M.Jamiolkowski Member Za-Chieh Moh Member R.H.G.Parry Secretary General ISSMFE EXECUTI VE COMMI TTEE OF I GS H.C.Verma President R.Kuheran Honorary Secretary V. V.Badreenarayana Member S .P.Bagli Member P.K.De Member M.D.Desai Member A.K.Dhawan Member J.L.Jethwa Member T.S.Nagaraj Member Gopal Ranjan Member B.V.Ranganatham Member P.Jagannatha Rao Member K.S.Rao Member Swami Saran Member K.R.Saxena Member A.V.Shroff Member Jattinder Singh Member S.Vaenkatesan Member A.Varadarajan Member XIII ICSMPc, 1394, New Delhi, India / XIII CIMSTF, 1994, New Delhi.