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Interpretative Repertoires of Nationalism and Identity Politics in Online News Discourses on Serbia's Integration in the European Union Jelena Petrovic

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Interpretative Repertoires of Nationalism and Identity Politics in Online News Discourses on Serbia's Integration in the European Union Jelena Petrovic University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Communication ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 7-1-2013 The eturr n of the Serbian other: Interpretative repertoires of nationalism and identity politics in online news discourses on Serbia's integration in the European union Jelena Petrovic Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cj_etds Recommended Citation Petrovic, Jelena. "The er turn of the Serbian other: Interpretative repertoires of nationalism and identity politics in online news discourses on Serbia's integration in the European union." (2013). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cj_etds/42 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Communication ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i Jelena Petrovic Candidate Communication & Journalism Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Dr. Ilia Rodríguez, Chairperson Dr. Jan Schuetz Dr. Richard Schaefer Dr. Melissa Bokovoy ii THE RETURN OF THE SERBIAN OTHER: INTERPRETATIVE REPERTOIRES OF NATIONALISM AND IDENTITY POLITICS IN ONLINE NEWS DISCOURSES ON SERBIA’S INTEGRATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION BY JELENA PETROVIC B.S., Communication, Wichita State University, 2007 M.A., Communication, Wichita State University, 2009 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Communication The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico July, 2013 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research project and a personal journey would have taken a different turn if it were not for many people whose support enabled me to complete the study and in the process understand and embrace my own Serbianness. One of the critical moments for this research was an opportunity to spend four months in Belgrade in summer of 2012. During that time, the encouragement of my friends, especially Miloš, Dragana, and Jelena Ilić, and Jelena Ćosić, and their willingness to share their views about the current situation in the country helped me reenter everyday life in Serbia. With this in mind, I particularly want to thank Milka Todorović and Slobodan Stojić for their interest in my work, critical questions, unreserved friendship and inspiration. My research is also indebted to various organizations in Serbia, which graciously opened their doors giving me their time, support, and access to important information about Serbia’s EU politics. I want to thank everyone from Group 484, especially Tanja Pavlov, for numerous conversations, support, and an opportunity to be involved in a project about migration trends in Serbia, which influenced the arguments about asylum-seeking I present in this study. I also thank the City of Belgrade's Agency for European Integrations and Cooperation with Civil Society and Nemanja Ranković for his time and effort to identify and share the resources I needed for this research. I also want to express my gratitude to professors whose expertise, comments, and care had profound theoretical and personal impact on my work. I am thankful to Dr. Ilia Rodriguez not only for her guidance, knowledge, and help in completing this project, but also for her trust, patience, empowering mentorship, and willingness to spend countless hours discussing with me all aspects of this research process. This dissertation is also indebted to iv my committee members and their immense encouragement. I thank Dr. Jan Schuetz for her support, care that exceeds all expectations, and commitment to theoretical precision and depth; Dr. Melissa Bokovoy for her help with Serbian history and conversations that have resulted in some of the key arguments in this dissertation; and Dr. Richard Schaefer for raising practical questions and helping me to connect theoretical concepts with everyday and context specific communicative practices. I am also grateful for Dr. Jessica R. Greenberg and Dr. Marina Simić not only for graciously giving me their time and offering comments on my work, but also for helping me recognize and negotiate my position of a cultural insider who attempts to gain insights into ways of living that are not my own. This research process has shown me the importance of home and being able to find it when personal and academic journeys embark on unknown, unpredictable, and difficult obstacles. This is why I want to express my thanks to my parents, Marija and Simeun Petrović, and my sister Slavica Čolić who gave me the courage to ask questions and face challenges. I am also grateful for Jose Vidal, whose unconditional support, cooking skills, and belief in me despite my own doubts are the reasons I am standing on the finish line. Finally, this research was possible thanks to the wonderful UNM and Albuquerque community that gave me a stable ground and comfort in every phase of the PhD program. I want to thank professors at the Department of Communication and Journalism, especially Dr. Mary Jane Collier, Dr. Janet Shiver, and Dr. Susana Martínez Guillem, my amazing cohort, colleagues, and friends who gave me a home away from home, shelter when I needed it the most, and a sense of belonging. v THE RETURN OF THE SERBIAN OTHER: INTERPRETATIVE REPERTOIRES OF NATIONALISM AND IDENTITY POLITICS IN ONLINE NEWS DISCOURSES ON SERBIA’S INTEGRATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION by Jelena Petrovic B.S., COMMUNICATION, WICHITA STATE UNIVERSITY, 2007 M.A., COMMUNICATION, WICHITA STATE UNIVERSITY, 2009 Ph.D, COMMUNICATION, UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO, 2013 ABSTRACT After more than a decade of political investment in integration, Serbia is still awaiting full membership into the European Union and thus is kept on the periphery of an imagined European community. In this difficult and uncertain process, Serbs have faced fractured national discourses that are inscribed with new forms of liminality encapsulated in an externally ascribed position of “flawed Europeans.” This dissertation explores the co- construction of national identities in the context of public debate about the country’s integration into the EU on Serbian online news websites. Informed by the theoretical and methodological framework of discursive psychology, this research identified interpretative repertoires activated and constructed in dialogic interaction through news reports and readers’ online commentaries on the visa liberalization process between 2009 and 2011. The analysis shows that although discontinuous and asynchronous in character, the employment of particular interpretative repertoires normalizes a limited number of positions of identification through which individuals avow their national belonging. Relying on taken-for- granted claims about current economic hardships, lack of alternatives, and memory of lived vi collective suffering and unjust expulsion from imagined European community, participants in online dialogues construct a normative category of Serbs as damaged Europeans that challenges state-centered identities ascribed by the news discourse. By appropriating EU’s cultural politics and symbolic geography, readers’ comments mark territorial migrations of an internal and undesirable Other as moral transgression to advance a preference for fixed, clearly defined, and policed boundaries. Simultaneously, they reinterpret asylum seeking as a normal reaction to abnormal circumstances such as living in a failing Serbian state. Articulated through this form of online communication, these constructs enter the public sphere to equip political elites and Serbian citizens with rational means for everyday nationalism, practical othering, and continued discrimination of already-marginalized groups couched in discourses on state citizenship. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................1 Significance............................................................................................................................9 Historical (and personal) background ..................................................................................13 Legacies of the Milosevic regime ................................................................................15 Serbia and the EU after 2000 ...................................................................................... 22 Visa liberalization ...........................................................................................27 Speaking and researching as a Serbian native ............................................................33 Structure of the dissertation .................................................................................................37 CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ...............................................................39 Discourse and discursive practice ........................................................................................40 Identity: Discursive production of subjectivities, Self, and positioning .............................50 Articulation and identity formation ............................................................................51 Identity as constitution of Self in talk: The lens of discursive psychology ................53 National identity: Imagined
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