Phytosanitary Measures for Wood Commodities

PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES FOR WOOD COMMODITIES

Dr. Andrei Orlinski, EPPO Secretariat

Joint UNECE // FAO and WTO Workshop Emerging Trade Measures in Timber Markets Geneva, 2010-03-23 What is EPPO?

• Intergovernmental organization • Headquarters in Paris • 50 member countries • 2 Working Parties • More than 20 panels of experts • EPPO website: www.eppo.org EPPO Region Why phytosanitary measures are necessary? • The impact of pests on forests is very important. According to FAO data, at least 35 million hectares of forests worldwide are damaged annually by insect pests only. • The highest risk is caused by introduction and spread of regulated pests with commodities Why phytosanitary measures are necessary? • Some examples of economic and environmental damage: - PWN: in Portugal, almost 24 mln euros spent during 2001 – 2009, in Spain, 344000 euros spent in 2009 and almost 3 mln euros will be spent in 2010, in Japan 10 mln euros are spent annually. - EAB: 16 species of ash could disappear from NA - ALB and CLB: Millions of trees recently killed in NA - DED: almost all elm trees disappeared in Europe Emerald ash borer in Moscow

in Europe

Moscow

R Fraxinus excelsior Native range of Asian longhorned beetle Ambrosia beetles Pine wood Nematode Pine wood nematode in Japan Basic principles

1. SOVEREIGNTY 9. COOPERATION

2. NECESSITY 10. EQUIVALENCY 3. MANAGED RISK 11. MODIFICATION 4. MINIMAL IMPACT 5. TRANSPARENCY

6. HARMONIZATION 7. NON DISCRIMINATION 8. TECHNICAL JUSTIFICATION Wood commodities • Non-squared wood • Squared wood • Particle wood • Waste wood • Isolated bark • Wood packaging material (in most of cases is not a commodity) Phytosanitary standards regulating international movement of wood • ISPM No 15: Regulation of wood packaging material in international trade 2009 (first version - 2002) – under IPPC • EPPO Standard PM 8/2: Phytosanitary requirements specific to commodities of Coniferae • EPPO Standard PM 8/X: Phytosanitary requirements specific to commodities of Quercus and Castanea (under preparation) Scope of ISPM 15 This standard describes phytosanitary measures to reduce the risk of introduction and spread of quarantine pests associated with wood packaging material (WPM) made from raw wood. It includes dunnage but excludes wood packaging made from processed wood that is free from pests (e.g. plywood). Basis for regulating • Movement of raw untreated WPM as pathway for pests • Use, re-use, repair and remanufacturing • True origin and phytosanitary status difficult to determine Basis for regulating • For above reasons, this standard describes globally accepted measures that should be applied to wood packaging material by all countries to reduce significantly the risk of introduction and spread of most quarantine pests Regulated wood packaging material All forms of wood packaging material • crates, boxes, packing cases, dunnage, pallets, cable drums and spools, etc. But not for: • thin pieces of raw wood <=6 mm • processed wood material, such as plywood, particle board, oriented strand board or veneer, barrels, gift boxes (sufficiently glue, heat or pressure treated or processed) • sawdust, wood shavings and wood wool • wood components permanently attached to freight vehicles and containers Measure for Wood Packaging Material The approved phytosanitary measures include treatments which are combined with the use of debarked wood and marking of the wood packing material. Based on: • the range of pests that may be affected • the efficacy of the measure • the technical and commercial feasibility Measure for Wood Packaging Material • 3 main activities in the production of approved WPM (including dunnage): – manufacturing – treating – marking • Debarked wood must be used for the construction of WPM Re-use of WPM • If it has been treated and marked in accordance with this standard, it does not require re-treatment or re- application of the mark throughout the service life of the unit Repaired WPM

• only treated wood or processed wood material can be used for the repair • each added component of treated wood must be marked Remanufactured WPM

• may incorporate both new and previously used components • must be retreated and the mark must then be renewed Non-compliance at the point of entry • detention • removal of non-compliant material • treatment • destruction or other secure disposal • reshipment Approved treatments

• 2 approved treatments –Heat treatment (HT) –Methyl bromide treatment (MB) Debarked wood • less than 3 cm in width (regardless of the length) or • greater than 3 cm in width, with the total surface area of an individual piece of bark less than 50 square cm Heat treatment (HT) Should be heated in accordance with a specific time-temperature schedule that achieves a minimum temperature of 56°С for at least 30 min throughout the entire profile of the wood Other treatments may be considered HT treatments Approved treatments for WPM • Heat treatment (HT) • Kiln-drying (if it meets requirements for HT) Approved treatments for WPM • Heat treatment (HT) Facility for manufacturing of WPM and furniture Chemical Pressure Impregnation Temperature control Temperature control Methyl bromide (MB) fumigation for WPM The wood packaging material should be fumigated with methyl bromide (MB) according to a prescribed schedule. MB fumigation of WPM

• Tarpaulin Fumigation • Container Fumigation • Chamber Fumigation Tarpaulin Fumigation Concentration Monitoring

Container fumigation Container fumigation Chamber Fumigation Mobile Fumigation Chambers Marks XX – 000-YY The mark should at minimum include the: - IPPC symbol - country code (ISO two letter) - producer/treatment provider code , unique number assigned by the NPPO - treatment code, IPPC abbreviation according to the approved measure used (HT or MB) Examples

XX - 000 XX - YY 000 YY

XX – 000 - YY

XX - 000 YY symbol IPPC symbol is not a spike of wheat ! Mark example Marking should be • Rectangular or square with border line • Legible and not containing non-required info • Durable and not transferable • Placed in a visible location, preferably on at least two opposite sides of the WPM unit • Not hand drawn • The use of red and orange should be avoided since these colors are used in labeling of dangerous goods. Who could be certified and responsible for the marking? • Sawmill with heat treatment • Producer of wood packaging • Sawmill and producer in one company • Company with reparation of certified wood packaging • Company treating old pallets • Others, if appropriate ISPM 15 Marking – more samples Approval of new or revised treatments • New treatment has to be evaluated first • ISPM 28 : IPPC process for approval of new treatments • If a new treatment or a revised treatment schedule is adopted, material already treated under the previous treatment and/or schedule does not need to be retreated or re-marked Benefits of ISPM 15 • Reduce the risk of introduction and spread of QPs •Asian Longhorned Beetle Anoplophora glabripennis •Emerald Ash Borer Agrilus planipennis

•Environmental concern: CPM: Replacement or reduction of the use of methyl bromide as a phytosanitary measure (2008) Draft IPPC standards • Measures for wood commodities moved in international trade • Measures for forest seeds • Forest surveillance Forestry Guide on ISPMs is also under preparation EPPO Standard PM 8/2 • Phytosanitary requirements specific to commodities of Coniferae • Developed by the EPPO Panel on Quarantine Pests for Forestry • Passed through the country consultation process • Adopted by the EPPO Working Party for Phytosanitary Regulations in June 2009 • Endorsed by the EPPO Council in September 2009 EPPO Standard PM 8/2 • covers genera, which are recognized to have species which are hosts to the regulated pests specified for the EPPO region: Abies, Juniperus, Larix, Picea, Pinus, Pseudotsuga, Tsuga • concerns the commodities that are regularly traded, i.e. wood, bark, plants for planting, cut branches, as well as WPM • provides EPPO countries with risk management options EPPO Standard PM 8/X • Phytosanitary requirements specific to commodities of Quercus and Castanea • Developed by the EPPO Panel on Quarantine Pests for Forestry • Passed through the country consultation process • Will be presented to the EPPO Working Party for Phytosanitary Regulations in June 2010 EPPO Standard PM 8/X • covers species of genera Quercus and Castanea, which are recognized to be hosts to the regulated pests specified for the EPPO region • concerns the commodities that are regularly traded, i.e. wood, bark, plants for planting, cut branches, as well as WPM • provides EPPO countries with options for risk management Acknowledgements

Mrs. Gillian Allard, Forestry Department, FAO Dr. Yuri Baranchikov, Institute of Forest, Russian Academy of Science Thank you for your attention !