4Th Series, Volume 9 (2018)
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ESSEX ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY EDITED BY PAUL GILMAN ASSISTED BY CHRIS THORNTON THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ESSEX SOCIETY FOR ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY VOLUME 9 (Fourth series) 2018 Published by the Society at the Museum in the Castle 2020 THE ESSEX SOCIETY FOR ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY Registered charity 213218 The Society was founded in 1852 as the Essex Archaeological Society. Its objects are: 1. To promote and encourage the study of the archaeology and history of the historic county of Essex. 2. In furtherance of the above, to publish the results of such studies in its journal and to disseminate information on matters relating to archaeology and history in Essex through appropriate media. 3. To organise conferences, lectures and visits for the benefit of members of the Society and interested members of the public; to educate the wider community in the archaeological heritage of Essex; to co-operate with other bodies on matters of common interest and concern. 4. To provide library facilities for Society members and approved members of the public. Publications The articles in its journal range over the whole field of local history. Back numbers are available; a list and prices can be obtained on application to the Librarian. Members receive a regular Newsletter covering all aspects of the Society’s activities, news of current excavations and fieldwork, and items of topical interest. The Library The Library is housed in the Albert Sloman Library at Essex University, Colchester, and is extensive. It aims to include all books on Essex history, and has many runs of publications by kindred Societies. Members may use the Library on any week day during Library opening hours (and on Saturdays in term time) on presentation of a reader’s ticket, available on application to the University Librarian. Membership Application should be made to the Hon. Membership Secretary at Pentlow Hall, Pentlow, Essex CO10 7SP. The current annual rates of subscription are: individual membership £25; family membership (individual membership plus one other person) £30; institutional membership £25; associate membership (who do not receive Essex Archaeology and History) £15. Subscribing Societies AGES Archaeological and Historical Society; Barking and District Historical Society; Billericay Archaeological and Historical Society; Braintree District Museum; Chelmsford Museum; Clacton and District Local History Society; Clavering Landscape History Group; Colchester Archaeological Group; Essex Numismatic Society; Essex Society for Family History; Foulness Conservation and Archaeological Society; Friends of Chelmsford Museum; Friends of Colchester Museums; Friends of Valentines Mansion; Frinton and Walton Heritage Trust; Great Bardfield Historical Society; Hadstock Society; Halstead and District Local History Society; Halstead 21st Century Group; Harlow Heritage Society; HEARS (Herts and Essex Architectural Association); Hedingham Heritage Society; Heritage Writtle and Archives Writtle; High Country History Group; Ingatestone and Fryerning Historical and Archaeological Society; Kelvedon and Feering Heritage Society; London Borough of Havering; Maldon Archaeological and Historical Group; Mersea Island Museum Trust; Nazeing History Workshop; Purfleet Heritage and Military Centre; Recorders of Uttlesford History; Saffron Walden Historical Society; Saffron Walden Museum; South Woodham Ferrers Local History Society; Southend Central Museum; St. Osyth Historical Society; Stebbing Local History Society; Thaxted Society; Valence House Museum; Waltham Abbey Historical Society; West Essex Archaeological Group; Woodford Historical Society. Copyright Copyright © Essex Society for Archaeology and History and the authors, 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical or otherwise without prior permission of the Society. Applications to do so should be addressed to the Hon. Editor. Maps reproduced from the Ordnance Survey mapping with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. © Crown copyright and database rights (2020) Ordnance Survey. Licence number 10001 4800 (Essex Society for Archaeology and History) and 1001 9602 (Essex County Council). Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Website Further information on the Society and its activities may be viewed at http://esah1852.org.uk ISSN 0308 3462 Essex Archaeology and History Volume 9 (Fourth series) CONTENTS William H. Liddell M.A. F.R.Hist.S. 1937–2019 Vic Gray 1 Updating the Mesolithic In Essex Maria Medlycott 2 Late Bronze Age And Medieval Remains At Boars Tye Road, Silver End Trevor Ennis and Charlotte Howsam 12 Sampford Road, Thaxted Mark Atkinson 24 A Roman Building in West Essex Peter Sharp 65 The waste of Caesaromagus. Romano-British refuse pits and later features Andrew A. S. Newton, Samuel 74 at Moulsham street, Chelmsford Thomelius, Andrew Peachey, Peter Thompson, John Summers, and Julie Curl Monasteries of Ely and Barking Considered James Kemble 82 Medieval Boundaries, Quarry Pits and other Activity at Dunmow Road, Andrew Newton 93 Great Hallingbury, Essex The Rose and Crown, 109 High Street, Maldon Timothy Howson and John Smith 103 The West Ham Marshes and post-medieval flood defences at Rawalpindi I. Grosso, G. Thompson, F. Meddens, 111 House, Newham D.S. Young and R. Batchelor Daniel Defoe’s knowledge of Essex: the evidence of A Tour thro’ the Whole Pat Rogers 127 Island of Great Britain Fieldwork Summaries Paul Gilman 142 Part of the main, archaeology in its European Context: a review of four Nigel Brown 159 recent books Shorter Notes Middle to Late Bronze Age Settlement and Saltworking at Burnham West, Tom Collie, with Rachel Clarke 164 Burnham-on-Crouch Late Iron Age Ceramic Spouted Strainer Bowls from Heybridge, Elms Farm Paul Sealey 168 Book Reviews ‘Kingdom, Civitas, and County: the evolution of territorial identity in the Richard Havis 171 English landscape’ The Hundred Parishes; an introduction Dr Jane Pearson 171 Essex Bibliography Andrew Phillips and Paul Sealey 173 Revised Notes for Contributors 174 Cover illustration: Mesolithic tranchet axe from Coldharbour (drawn by Hazel Martingell). THE ESSEX SOCIETY FOR ARCHAEOLOGY & HISTORY Volume 9 · 2018 William H. Liddell M.A. F.R.Hist.S. 1937–2019 W.H. (Bill) Liddell passed away peacefully at his home in Leiston, Suffolk, on 10 August. He had been an inspirational teacher of history and a prominent figure in the landscape of Essex historical studies for thirty years, between 1964 and 1994. Born in 1937 in Castletown, a Durham mining village, he studied economic history at Nottingham University before taking an M.A. at the University of London. After a spell as a W.E.A. tutor organiser in Cumbria he returned to London as Resident Staff Tutor for Essex in the Department of Extra Mural Studies and subsequently as Senior Lecturer responsible for the whole programme of tutorial classes in history. Specialising in medieval and local history, with a particular interest in forest law, he taught across Essex, building a loyal and devoted following, particularly for his weekend courses at Wansfell, the Essex Residential College for Adults. It is a tribute to his teaching that many of those who attended his classes went on to make significant contributions to the study of the county’s history. Meanwhile he played an active part in the county’s historical associations, as Council member, Newsletter Editor and President (1981–3) of the Essex Society for Archaeology and History, as Honorary Secretary for many years to the Advisory Board of the Victoria County History of Essex and as long-standing President of the Billericay Archaeological and A significant feature of the historical landscape in Essex Historical Society. between 1984 and 2006 were the series of Essex History Fairs A long association with the Essex Record Office enabled staged biennially in various locations from 1986 to 2006. Bill E.R.O. to attract leading historians to many of its events and Liddell was a driving force behind the earliest of these events lectures. In 1982, this led to the staging of a conference to (indeed many would say their inventor). They brought local mark the 600th anniversary of the Peasant’s Revolt and his history to the attention of tens of thousands of people around subsequent editing, in collaboration with R.G.E. Wood, of the county. In 1989, the British Association for Local History Essex and the Great Revolt of 1381. Other publications invited him to write, with me, Running a Local History Fair, included Imagined Land: Essex in Prose and Poetry, written a guideline used subsequently in many counties across the in partnership with his wife Sue Liddell and published by the country. All of us who took part in the organising and running Record Office in 1996 and From Bilbao to Becontree: The of those events will testify to Bill’s inspirational commitment to Previous History of the Papers of Sir Richard Fanshawe, sharing the pleasures of local history and—importantly and Bart. in Valence Museum, the first close examination of invariably—of having fun along the way. the papers of the 17th-century poet and diplomat of Parsloes in Dagenham, produced with his friend and colleague, the Vic Gray scholar of Spanish literature, Roger Walker. (Editor’s note: this obituary first appeared in the Essex Journal) 1 THE ESSEX SOCIETY FOR ARCHAEOLOGY & HISTORY Volume 9 · 2018 UPDATING THE MESOLITHIC IN ESSEX Maria Medlycott