Christopher Columbus
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PLACE-NAMES, CONQUEST, AND EMPIRE: SPANISH AND AMERINDIAN CONCEPTIONS OF PLACE IN THE NEW WORLD by GENE RHEA TUCKER Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON May 2011 Copyright © by Gene Rhea Tucker 2011 All Rights Reserved ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My first thank you is to Dr. Richard V. Francaviglia, who helped me hatch the idea that would lead to this dissertation. Ideas and sources were suggested by Drs. Dennis P. Reinhartz and David Buisseret. These three gentlemen, great cartographic scholars all, unfortunately all retired from UTA before the completion of my project. Thanks should, of course, be extended to the fine scholars of my current committee. They have aided me in ways they will never know: Drs. Douglas Richmond, John Garrigus, Imre Demhardt, and Kimberly Breuer. Without them, this dissertation would not exist. Other professors at UTA were instrumental in the long process of earning a doctorate, and it is necessary for me to thank these fine scholars: Drs. Thomas Adam, Steven G. Reinhardt, Robert Fairbanks, Christopher Morris, Sam W. Haynes, David Narrett, Stanley Palmer, and Joseph Bastien. All were an immense help at some point. Further thanks are due to the UTA history department staff, especially Robin Deeslie and Ami Keller. Kudos to the innumerable librarians, archivists, and student workers who do the grunt work of dealing with researchers. Special thanks to Ben Huseman, UTA‘s cartographic archivist, in this regard. Thanks also to my colleagues in the same Ph.D. -
Brainy Quote ~ Christopher Columbus 001
Brainy Quote ~ Christopher Columbus 001 “Riches don't make a man rich, they only make him busier.” ~ Christopher Columbus 001 ~ Ok "Kekayaan tidak membuat seorang manusia kaya, mereka hanya membuatnya lebih sibuk." ~ Christopher Columbus 001 ~ Ok Apakah Anda sudah kaya saat ini? Atau setidaknya Anda sudah merasa kaya dengan harta benda dan jabatan yang Anda punya saat ini? Apakah kekayaan harta menjadi obsesi Anda sejak dahulu kala? Apakah Anda hadir ke dunia ini sekadar menumpuk kekayaan agar dipandang tinggi oleh orang lain? Benarkah kekayaan membuat seseorang benar-benar kaya? Ternyata tidak demikian! Seperti yang pernah disampaikan Christopher Columbus, seorang explorer, navigator, dan colonizer berkebangsaan Italia, hidup dalam rentang tahun 1451-1506 (54 tahun), melalui quote-nya, “Riches don't make a man rich, they only make him busier.” Secara bebas diterjemahkan, “Kekayaan tidak membuat seorang manusia kaya, mereka hanya membuatnya lebih sibuk.” Lihatlah orang yang memiliki ‘banyak’! Dia menjadi terlihat sangat sibuk dengan aktivitasnya. Seolah- olah waktu 24 jam tidak cukup baginya. Ketika ia memiliki perusahaan dengan aset puluhan, ratusan miliar bahkan triliunan, ia terlihat semakin sibuk. Untuk bertemu saudara dan teman lama pun ia tidak sempat. Bahkan, baginya waktu untuk bersosialisasi tidaklah penting dan membebani. Lebih baik terus bekerja dan berpikir bagaimana membangun dan memperbanyak jumlah aset agar semakin kaya. Kekayaan harta benda tidak membuat seseorang benar-benar menjadi kaya. Justru orang -orang kaya hati dan nurani, yang seringkali dipandang ‘rendah’ oleh orang-orang yang berpikir kaya harus dari harta, masih memiliki waktu atau bahkan menyediakan waktu untuk sesamanya. Brainy Quote ~ Christopher Columbus 001 Page 1 Mereka menyadari bahwa pertemanan, persaudaraan, pertemuan dengan orang baru merupakan kekayaan sesungguhnya. -
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus[a] (/kəˈlʌmbəs/;[3] between 25 August and 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and Christopher Columbus navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening the way for European exploration and colonization of the Americas. His expeditions, sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, were the first European contact with the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. Scholars generally agree that Columbus was born in the Republic of Genoa and spoke a dialect of Ligurian as his first language. He went to sea at a young age and travelled widely, as far north as the British Isles and as far south as what is now Ghana. He married Portuguese noblewoman Filipa Moniz Perestrelo and was based in Lisbon for several years, but later took a Castilian mistress; he had one son with each woman. Though largely self-educated, Columbus was widely read in geography, astronomy, and history. He formulated a plan to seek a western sea passage to the East Indies, hoping to profit from Posthumous portrait of Christopher the lucrative spice trade. Following Columbus's persistent lobbying Columbus by Sebastiano del to multiple kingdoms, Catholic monarchs Queen Isabella I and King Piombo, 1519. There are no known [1] Ferdinand II agreed to sponsor a journey west. Columbus left Castile authentic portraits of Columbus. in August 1492 with three ships, and made landfall in the Americas 1st Governor of the Indies on 12 October (ending the period of human habitation in the In office Americas now referred to as the pre-Columbian era). -
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus Cristoforo Colombo was born some time before 31 October 1451 in the Republic of Genoa. His father, Domenico Colombo, was a wool weaver who worked in Genoa and Savona and who also owned a cheese stand at which young Christopher worked as a helper. His mother was Susanna Fontanarossa. He had three brothers, Bartolomeo, Giovanni Pellegrino, Giacomo and a sister, Bianchinetta. His brother, Bartolomeo, worked in a cartography workshop in Lisbon for at least part of his adulthood. Columbus never wrote in his native language, which is presumed to have been a Genoese variety of Ligurian. He claimed to have first gone to sea at the age of 10. In 1470, the Columbus family moved to Savona, on the Ligurian coast west of Genoa, where Domenico took over a tavern. In that year, Christopher was serving on a Genoese ship hired to the service of René of Anjou who was attempting to conquer the Kingdom of Naples In 1473, Columbus began his apprenticeship as business agent for the Centurione, Di Negro and Spinola families of Genoa. In May 1476, he took part in an armed convoy sent by Genoa to carry valuable cargo to northern Europe. Some writers speculate that in 1477, he travelled to Iceland. It is known that in the autumn of 1477, he sailed on a Portuguese ship from Galway to Lisbon, where he found his brother Bartolomeo and they continued trading for the Centurione family. Columbus based himself in Lisbon from 1477 to 1485. He married Filipa Moniz Perestrelo, daughter of the Porto Santo governor and Portuguese nobleman of Lombardian origin Bartolomeu Perestrello. -
Christopher Columbus - Wikipedia
10/11/2017 Christopher Columbus - Wikipedia Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus (Italian: Cristoforo Colombo [kriˈstɔːforo koˈlombo];[a] c. 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, Christopher navigator, and colonizer. Born in the Republic of Genoa,[3] under the auspices of the Catholic Monarchs of Spain he completed four Columbus voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. Those voyages and his efforts to establish settlements on the island of Hispaniola initiated the permanent European colonization of the New World. At a time when European kingdoms were beginning to establish new trade routes and colonies, motivated by imperialism and economic competition, Columbus proposed to reach the East Indies (South and Southeast Asia) by sailing westward. This eventually received the support of the Spanish Crown, which saw a chance to enter the spice trade with Asia through this new route. During his first voyage in 1492, he reached the New World instead of arriving in Japan as he had intended, landing on an island in the Bahamas archipelago that he named San Salvador. Over the course of three more voyages, he visited the Greater and Lesser Antilles, as well as the Caribbean coast Posthumous portrait of of Venezuela and Central America, claiming all of it for the Crown of Castile. Christopher Columbus by Sebastiano del Piombo, Columbus is the European explorer credited with establishing and documenting routes to the Americas, though he was preceded by the 1519. There are no known [4][5] Viking expedition led by Leif Erikson in the 11th century. authentic portraits of Moreover, the voyages of Columbus led to the first lasting European [1] contact with the Americas, inaugurating a period of exploration, Columbus.