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226746 Annisa Solihah Sontani .Pdf (10.02Mb) Faculty of Science and Technology MASTER’S THESIS Study program/ Specialization: Industrial Economics, Risk Management and Autumn semester, 2016 Planning / Urban Design Open Writer: Annisa Solihah Sontani ………………………………………… Faculty supervisor: Professor Harald Nils Røstvik Thesis title: Shopping Centers and A City A study of shopping centers, neighborhoods, and sustainable transportation regarding shopping. Case study: Shopping centers in the Stavanger region. Credits (ECTS): 30 Key words: Shopping center, city, integrated neighborhood, sustainable transportation. Pages: 111 Stavanger, 15 January 2017 PREFACE This thesis is made as a completion of the master education in urban design, Department of Industrial Economics, Risk Management and Planning, University of Stavanger. It serves as a documentation of my research from September 2016 until January 2017. This study presents the relation between shopping centers, the neighborhoods, and sustainable transportation in the Stavanger region. This work is to the best of my knowledge original, except where acknowledgement and references are made to previous works. Several persons have contributed academically to this thesis. I am extremely grateful to my supervisor, Professor Harald Nils Røstvik, for his endless support and advice throughout the entire master thesis process. I would thank to Anette Øfsti Worum for the friendliest interview while sharing some information about Madla AMFI. I would also thank to Elisabeth Schibevaag for letting me asked everything about Arkaden between her busy times. Furthermore, I am very delighted with the help from Harald Brynlund-Lima through the process of seeking information about city’s regulation. Finally, I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to my husband, my daughter, and the unborn baby for their unfailing encouragement during my study and my master thesis process in UiS. Stavanger, January 2017 Annisa Solihah Sontani 2 ABSTRACT The main aim of this thesis is to study how shopping centers in Stavanger region co- exist with the city, with special focus on the relationship between the shopping centers and the neighborhoods. In addition, the sustainability aspect is examined to this research in order to provide more comprehensive study. The problem statement relies on understanding how the integrated shopping centers relate to some aspects such as location, density, accessibility, sustainable transport, and to some extent, economy. In order to comply with these objectives, the development of shopping centers in Stavanger region with their classification is generally discussed, and then some specific shopping centers were selected based on their distinct aspects mentioned above. The discoveries show that the location and the existing neighborhood’s condition influence the relation between the shopping centers and the neighborhoods. The shopping centers in a high density and a robust neighborhood indicate more integration and sustainable than the other shopping centers in the opposite situation. However, city regulations may helps to reduce the risk of disintegration between shopping centers and the neighborhoods. This thesis concludes that shopping centers in Stavanger region have been attempting to integrate with the neighborhood and trying to achieve sustainable transportation. This thesis is structured in 7 main chapters: (1) Introduction referring to objective and study case, (2) Methods on how the thesis will be conducted, (3) Literature review addressing the academic background about shopping centers’ classification and the regulation of shopping center’s development in Stavanger region. (4) Previous studies in Norway including Stavanger that serve information about the dynamic development of shopping centers and some aspects relates to it, (5) General discussion about shopping centers in most of the districts in Stavanger region, (6) In-depth discussion of the selected shopping centers, (7) Conclusion presenting the relevance of taking different approaches to the shopping centers on order to be able to integrate with the neighborhood and more sustainable. 3 CONTENTS PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................. 2 ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................... 3 CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 4 LIST OF CHARTS .............................................................................................................................. 7 LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................. 9 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................. 11 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 12 1.1 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................................... 12 1.2 RESEARCH QUESTION .......................................................................................................................... 13 1.3 CASE STUDY .......................................................................................................................................... 14 1.4 RESEARCH AREA ................................................................................................................................... 14 1.5 OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................... 14 2 METHODS ................................................................................................................................... 15 3 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................ 16 3.1 HISTORY, DEFINITION, AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SHOPPING CENTER ...................................... 16 3.1.1 History and definition .................................................................................................................. 16 3.1.2 Characteristics of shopping centers ....................................................................................... 20 3.2 PATTERN OF CENTERS IN A CITY ....................................................................................................... 21 3.2.1 Challenges for old city centers .................................................................................................. 22 3.3 SHOPPING ACTIVITIES AND SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY .................................................................... 23 3.3.1 What do people buy in shopping centers? ........................................................................... 23 3.3.2 Sustainable mobility and shopping ........................................................................................ 24 3.4 SHOPPING CENTERS POLICIES AND STRATEGIES IN DEVELOPING SHOPPING CENTERS ........... 27 3.4.1 Stavanger municipality ............................................................................................................... 28 3.4.2 Forus-Lura, Sandnes ..................................................................................................................... 29 4 PREVIOUS STUDIES – SHOPPING CENTERS IN NORWAY ............................................ 31 4.1 SHOPPING CENTERS DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................. 31 4.2 SHOPPING TRIPS ................................................................................................................................... 32 5 SHOPPING CENTERS IN THE STAVANGER REGION ....................................................... 37 5.1 TYPE OF SHOPPING CENTERS IN THE STAVANGER REGION .......................................................... 38 5.1.1 Definition of a shopping centers for the research ............................................................ 39 5.3 SHOPPING CENTERS AND POPULATION ............................................................................................ 42 5.4 DISTRICTS’ TURNOVER AND TOTAL RETAIL IN 2015 .................................................................... 45 5.5 SHOPPING CENTERS’ VISITORS AND TURNOVER. ............................................................................ 46 5.6 RETAIL GOODS SOLD IN THE DISTRICTS ........................................................................................... 48 5.7 SHOPPING CENTERS AND MOBILITY .................................................................................................. 49 5.8 THE REGIONAL SHOPPING CENTER AND THE TWO CITY CENTERS IN THE STAVANGER REGION. 50 5.9 CHARACTERISTIC OF THE SHOPPING CENTERS IN STAVANGER ................................................... 51 5.9.1 Physical aspect and surrounding area ................................................................................. 51 4 5.9.2 Transportation networks ........................................................................................................... 52 5.9.3 Stores and facilities in the shopping centers ...................................................................... 53 5.10
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