DOCSLIB.ORG

Minors Sodomised in Rundu Cells? Police Confirm Several Children Are Being' Held

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Minors Sodomised in Rundu Cells? Police Confirm Several Children Are Being' Held 'NOT MY ·GUNS' Major Karl Ndjoba denies responsibility for arms cache at DTA home ------ RAJAH MUNAMAVA ------ "They are not my arms. All I know another former 101 Battalion mem­ is that G-3 rifles were issued to Walaula ber, Serna Muunda, before the Wind­ MAJOR Karl Ndjoba of the new Namibian Defence Force for his bodyguards and also other hoek High Court yesterday. yesterday refused to take responsibility for an arms cache headmen such as Kautwima," he Muunda is facing a charge of nrurder, said. two of attempted murder and one of discovered at a house in Ovambo last Friday. He knew this because the area around illegal possession of a handgrenade. Namibia Today reported this week But the major, who is now serving the Etale military base fell under his In his evidence yesterday, Muunda that an arms cache was discovered at in the Presidential Guard of Honour command as his 'operational area', said his possession of the war mate­ the house ofDTA organiser and senior contingent of the new Defence Force, , Ndjoba said. , rials was. known by his former em~ headman Mathius Walaula by a spe- said it was not correct that the ~s He added that at the end of 1985, ployers. cial police squad. belonged to him. he had been moved to the Ondangua He stated that all ex-members of Walaula was quoted by Namibia All he knew was that in 1985, 101 Battalion headquarters and that 101 Battalion had been issued with Today as saying the cache - consist­ Sector 10 in Oshakati issued weap­ the area of Etale had then ceased to arms and deployed in Ovambo to ing of 15 G-3 automatic rifles, 51 ons to the bodyguards of headmen in be his responsibility. guard DTA offices, and he named a mortar shells of 6Omm, 21 rockets of Ovambo for the purposes of their Asked if he knew of other areas Captain De Waal as having been G-3 assault rifles, about 40 000 rounds protection. where arms had been distributed. responsible for giving the orders. of ammunition, loaded magazines of He did not know about the quanti­ Major Ndjoba said he did not know At the time of going to press, it R4 rifles, 57 magazines cases of G-3 . ties involved or whether the arms had of any. could not be established whether an MAJOR Karl Ndjoba - "Not ritles, boots, ammunition metal boxes been retrieved during the demobili­ The denial by Major Karl Ndjoba investigation into the arms cache will my arms cache", he told a and tents - belonged to Major Ndjoba. sation of the different ~ts, he said. starkly contrasts with evidence by be launched. reporter. Minors sodomised in Rundu cells? Police confirm several children are being' held RAJAH MUNAMAVA THE Rundu police cells are not only packed with awaiting trial prisoners but also minors who are being held on various charges, a letter smuggled out of the cells this week claims. But worse still, the minors are this posed a serious problem for the being held with hardened criminals police. who abuse them sexually. The new Commissioner of Pris­ Inspector Poen Brink of the Rundu ons, Crispin Matongo, who has just -Police confirmed yesterday that up returned from a visit to the police to six children whose ages range ·cells at Rundu, also conf'iniled hav­ from 13 to 16 were being held for ing seen children in the cells, but house-breaking offences. declined to answer further questions, He denied, howev~r, that .the chil­ saying he was going to brief the MEMBERS of the diplomatic force were in strong attendance at the offici'" opening of a training dren were being kept with hardened Home Affairs Secretary Ndali Ka­ course for future Namibian diplomats at the Windhoek Teachers Training College yesterday. The criminals saying "this has been sorted mati who could later be contacted for training programme was officially opened by President Sam Nujoma who used the opportunity to out ... · ..... comment. briefly sketch the main principles of the foreign policy Namibia would pursue. Foreign Minister Inspector Brink said for some of A letter smuggled out of the cells Theo-Ben Gurirab also spoke to the foreign service candidates about what the government and the the children it was the eighth time last week said that for the past four they had been held in connection people of Namibia expected of them. with the same offences, adding that CONTINUED ON PAGE 4 THE notice of a question in the Na­ know whether any person or organ­ tional Assembly about toxic waste isation had approached the govern­ dumping by Dirk Mudge yester­ NEW FEARS OF TOXIC WASTE ment in connection with the dump­ day, renewed fears that Namibia is This follows weeks of speculation toxic waste merchant in his office Minister of Mines and Energy An- - ing of toxic waste in Namibia. indeed considering becoming a toxic after claims that the Prime Minister recently. dimba Toivo ya Toivo. waste dumping ground. allegedly even received a notorious Mu .d~e's question was directed to The DTA chairperson ).Vante<ito CONTINUED ON PAGE 4 : ' . THE HOTEL WITH EVERYTHING! TEL. 3-7293 •• TYYY CONTINENTAL HOTEL FAX 3-1539 2 F.r,iday. June 1 1990 TWE NAMIEYAN Mystery fate for • ~ Vo .;> no Chinese dissidents ~ (1l/ YOUR DAILY GUIDE TO EVEN7'S WORLD._WID~ BEIJING - Three participants in last year's democracy movement who have been the government's . onl:-- open critics since then dropped out of sight yesterday just before a planned news conference. $20 million heist 'T ole three young intellectuals had GENEVA - Police armounced the arrest of five men as suspects in a record 20- plarmed to issue an open letter to million-dollar bank holdup. They said they included two employees of Union Chinese leaders calling for the re­ Bank of Switzerland's Geneva office that was raided March 25 by gunmen who lease of political prisoners. got away with the largest haul in Swiss history without forcing asingle safe. It was not clear if they were volun­ tarily lying low or were taken into Kuwait up in smoke custody by authorities as a preventa­ tive move before Sunday's anniver­ KUWAIT - Nearly half of Kuwait's junior and senior high school pupils sary of last year's army attack on smoke, according to figures published on Non-Smoking Day yesterday. pro-democracy protesters inBeijing. A surVey of 8 000 school pupils showed that 45 per cent of them smoked, Police in Beijing and other cities compared to 13 and'24 per cent in 1979 and 1985 respectively. have tightened security in the weeks leading up to the anniversary and the Death for attack on tourists official media have reported stepped~ NAIROBI - A Kenyan man has been sentenced to death for his role in the up arrests of vagrants and petty crimi­ robbery of a tourist minibus in which four West Germans were attacked with nals, apparently to help ensure order. spears, knives and arrows in the the Masai Mara game park. Friends said two of the trio who drafted the letter, well-known folk No deals on Germany singer Hou Dejian and the former editor of a university newspaper, Gao WASHINGTON - Secretary of State James Baker said yesterday the issue Xin, had not been seen since they left us The radio ship Goddess of Democracy which was intended to of a united Gennany's m\fmber$ip.inNato was not negotiable. Baker spoke, Ho,u's h9meearly yesterday. broadcast denwcracy messages to China but has remained silent. a day after Soviet l~ader Mikhail Gorbachev rejected the US and Nato demand that the future Gennan state be a member of the Western alliance. The three students who planned to make an anniversary call for the release of political prisoners also fell silent yesterday. More new ground for USSR SEOUL -South KoreanPresident Roh Tae-woo will meet President Gorbachev in San Francisco next week, the .government armounced. It will be the first meeting between a South Korean head of state or government ~d a leader of Ha:r.d times for West 'Africa the Soviet Union. ' " BANIpL - Cash; strapped West Af­ . regional organisations ~ch as the OTIlytwo: member sUites, oil-rich . East still shaking rican:leaders eniphasisedthe'need fo West AfriCan Eco'nomic Conununity NigeriA and tlriy Trigo, ltr~ up ~ to-date 'sti:eamifue the 4O~oddinter"goverii­ (CE}.,Q} .made upofsev~n French­ in their dues: ' BUCHAREST - A ~ew earth tremor rolled through parts of Romania. and meIiiaJ. 'organis3tiOris exi~gm th:~ Spe#S C?~hie~. eCOWAS 'was The sunimit c8l1~ <Xi niember states Bulgaria, 14 hours after a powerful earthquake jolted Eastern Europe from the region and agreed to punish member foUnded iif1975 to p'romot~ i:egiorial to pay up or face ' sari~ti~~ from next Baltic to the Black Sea. states in'arrearS. i ' , trade and self-t:eliiu1c~. Participants Jamwy, iD;luding deDiaI ofECOWAS A commUnique ,issued after a three­ at theBanjul sumniit regretted slow funds for new projects. I,.eaders also Burma's army hangs onto reins day annual suinlnit in,the Gambian proceSs achieved iii integrating econo­ . reaffirmed a commitment to full RANGOON- Burma's military leader General Saw Maung, in his first official capital Banjul said ~e l&:nation nuesincountriesrariging fromNige­ monetary integration and approved a statement on .the opposition's triumph in last Sunday's election, said the army Economic Conununity Of West Afri­ ria, 'black Africa's most populous timetable for a conunon West Afri­ would maintain .control until it could hand over. to a new government. can States (ECOWAS) ought to be state, to impoverished Mauritania.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dodannualreport20042005.Pdf
    chapter 7 All enquiries with respect to this report can be forwarded to Brigadier General A. Fakir at telephone number +27-12 355 5800 or Fax +27-12 355 5021 Col R.C. Brand at telephone number +27-12 355 5967 or Fax +27-12 355 5613 email: [email protected] All enquiries with respect to the Annual Financial Statements can be forwarded to Mr H.J. Fourie at telephone number +27-12 392 2735 or Fax +27-12 392 2748 ISBN 0-621-36083-X RP 159/2005 Printed by 1 MILITARY PRINTING REGIMENT, PRETORIA DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE ANNUAL REPORT FY 2004 - 2005 chapter 7 D E P A R T M E N T O F D E F E N C E A N N U A L R E P O R T 2 0 0 4 / 2 0 0 5 Mr M.G.P. Lekota Minister of Defence Report of the Department of Defence: 1 April 2004 to 31 March 2005. I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Department of Defence. J.B. MASILELA SECRETARY FOR DEFENCE: DIRECTOR GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE ANNUAL REPORT FY 2004 - 2005 i contents T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S PAGE List of Tables vi List of Figures viii Foreword by the Minister of Defence ix Foreword by the Deputy Minister of Defence xi Strategic overview by the Secretary for Defence xiii The Year in Review by the Chief of the SA National Defence Force xv PART1: STRATEGIC DIRECTION Chapter 1 Strategic Direction Introduction 1 Aim 1 Scope of the Annual Report 1 Strategic Profile 2 Alignment with Cabinet and Cluster Priorities 2 Minister of Defence's Priorities for FY2004/05 2 Strategic Focus 2 Functions of the Secretary for Defence 3 Functions of the Chief of the SANDF 3 Parys Resolutions 3 Chapter
    [Show full text]
  • United States of America–Namibia Relations William a Lindeke*
    From confrontation to pragmatic cooperation: United States of America–Namibia relations William A Lindeke* Introduction The United States of America (USA) and the territory and people of present-day Namibia have been in contact for centuries, but not always in a balanced or cooperative fashion. Early contact involved American1 businesses exploiting the natural resources off the Namibian coast, while the 20th Century was dominated by the global interplay of colonial and mandatory business activities and Cold War politics on the one hand, and resistance diplomacy on the other. America was seen by Namibian leaders as the reviled imperialist superpower somehow pulling strings from behind the scenes. Only after Namibia’s independence from South Africa in 1990 did the relationship change to a more balanced one emphasising development, democracy, and sovereign equality. This chapter focuses primarily on the US’s contributions to the relationship. Early history of relations The US has interacted with the territory and population of Namibia for centuries – indeed, since the time of the American Revolution.2 Even before the beginning of the German colonial occupation of German South West Africa, American whaling ships were sailing the waters off Walvis Bay and trading with people at the coast. Later, major US companies were active investors in the fishing (Del Monte and Starkist in pilchards at Walvis Bay) and mining industries (e.g. AMAX and Newmont Mining at Tsumeb Copper, the largest copper mine in Africa at the time). The US was a minor trading and investment partner during German colonial times,3 accounting for perhaps 7% of exports.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil Supremacy of the Military in Namibia: an Evolutionary Perspective
    ~f Civil Supremacy of the Military in Namibia: An Evolutionary Perspective By Guy Lamb Department of Political Studies University of Cape Town December 1998 Town Cape of . ·-~\,1.~ l ~ -._/ I /- -....,,._,.,---, University r/ / ~ This dissertation is for the partial fulfillment for a Master of Social Sciences (International and Comparative Politics). The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University Town Cape of University Table of Contents Page Abstract i Maps ii Acknowledgements VI List of Acronyms viI Introduction 1 Civil Supremacy in Namibia: An Evolution? 1 Civil Supremacy and its Importance 2 Focus on Namibia 4 · Why Namibia? 5 Chapter 1: The Historical Evolution of Civil Supremacy: A 6 Conceptual Approach Town 1.1 Introducing the Problem 6 1.2 Civil-Military Relations: Survey of the Discipline and 7 Review of the Literature Cape 1.2.1 Civil-Military Relations as a Field of Study 7 1.2.2 Review of Civil Military Relationsof Literature 8 1.2.3 Focus on Civil Supremacy 11 1.3 What is Civil Supremacy? 12 1.3.1 An Overview of Civil Supremacy 12 1.3.2 A Question of Bias 13 1.4 Civil Military Traditions 14 1.4.1 Colonial 14 1.4.2 Revolutionary/Insurgent 15 1.4.2.1 The InfluenceUniversity of Mao Tse-tung
    [Show full text]
  • Conflict and Militarization in Africa: Past Trends and New Scenarios by Earl Conteh-Morgan
    Conflict Quarterly Conflict and Militarization in Africa: Past Trends and New Scenarios by Earl Conteh-Morgan INTRODUCTION International politics during the past four years has been characterized by such turbulence that a myriad of interrelated events — the demise of the Cold War and the Soviet Union, the democratization drive in many developing nations, and the growing emphasis on redefinition of security along economic lines, among others — are helping to shape a new world agenda. In Africa, the unfolding geopolitical fluidity and socio-economic effervescence is manifested especially in the emergence of a democratic revolution sweeping across many corners of the continent, a change in some previously intractable civil wars — Angola and Ethiopia—in particular, and a corresponding emphasis on economic efficiency manifested in the push towards privatization and IMF-type prescriptions. Freed of the Cold War and South Africa's interventionist and destabilizing politics, conflict and militarization in Africa are undergoing substantial transforma­ tion from Algeria to Angola, and Somalia to South Africa. For roughly three decades African internal conflicts had been affected by a period of US-Soviet rivalry and now a post-Cold War era with emphasis on conflict and crisis management. In a way, the political resonances of Africa's decolonization and efforts at national-building are still being manifested in new and high levels of instability. New armed conflict situations (Liberia, Sierra Leone, Rwanda, or Somalia), potential armed conflict situations (Mauritania versus Senegal, Mali versus Burkina Faso, or Kenya versus Uganda), and old armed conflict situations (Sudan, Mozambique, or South Africa) abound in the continent. While the Ethiopian conflict has subsided as a result of a decisive victory by the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Force (EPRDF) and a US brokered peace deal, in Angola the probability of renewed civil war looms large in the aftermath of the country's first multiparty elections on 29-30 September 1992.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender and Military Professionalism: a “Case” Study of the Namibian Defence Force
    GENDER AND MILITARY PROFESSIONALISM: A “CASE” STUDY OF THE NAMIBIAN DEFENCE FORCE A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE STUDIES THEOPHILIA SHAANIKA 9336664 WINDHOEK, MARCH 2007 Supervisor: T. O. Chirawu, PhD Examiner : I. Kimane, PhD ii ABSTRACT The Namibian Government’s commitment to the provision of equal opportunities and gender implementation in all Government institutions and agencies has brought a new significant dimension to the Namibia Defence Force (NDF) in terms of employment practice, thereby requiring change of attitudes in order to adapt to the new approach. This thesis, a case-study of the NDF provides detailed views and perspectives on gender in the country’s military profession. The study thus, portrays the perceptions of the General Staff officers towards equal opportunities for women and men in the NDF with regard to training, appointments and promotions to strategic positions and to positions of foreign exposures. The study also describes the experiences and viewpoints of the Senior and Junior Staff officers on the subject of the military services provided by women and men in the NDF; and compares the demographic characteristics of the members (i.e. gender, and years of service) with their military positions. The study found that gender issues have been put into consideration in the NDF and indeed, Management cadres are aware of the gender imbalances in the Force. However, the general feeling is that the actual military part of NDF per se is the reserve for men only.
    [Show full text]
  • An Investigative Study on the Namibian Defence Force's Combat
    AN INVESTIGATIVE STUDY ON THE NAMIBIAN DEFENCE FORCE’S COMBAT READINESS FOCUSING ON ALTERNATIVE POLICY OF TERMINATION AND RETENTION OF EXPERTISE IN THE MILITARY SERVICES A THESIS SUBMITED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN SECURITY AND STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE STUDIES BY APPOLOS NDAITWA HAIMBALA 200743112 Windhoek, April 2014 Main Supervisor: Dr. Lesley Blaauw i ABSTRACT National and international peace and security rely immensely on the perceived security dimension of combat readiness. As such, world nations frequently modernise their armed forces in order to achieve a sufficient level of competitive combat readiness in order to act as deterrence against external threats. These actions, however, frequently cause other nations to feel threatened which may result in them embarking on a build-up of the military at public expense. Nevertheless, combat readiness is a pre-requisite for a military’s ability to prevent attacks from a potential aggressor while simultaneously calling for the application of restraining measures in order to prevent wars. In light of the need for militaries to retain a sufficient level of competitive combat readiness, the general findings of this study suggest that there is a requirement to change the retirement condition within Namibia’s public service. This study aims to enlighten both military personnel and the general public on the country’s combat readiness, and ability to quickly deploy in war times. This study applied a qualitative research perspective which adopted a convenient stratified technique. Upon analysing the data, the study indicated that the absence of clear policies on retirement and retention of expertise in the military services hampers the effectiveness of military combat readiness in the Namibian Defence Force.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Insights of the Namibian Defence Forces: An
    COMMUNITY INSIGHTS OF THE NAMIBIAN DEFENCE FORCES: AN INVESTIGATIVE STUDY OF THE KHOMAS REGION A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN SECURITY & STRATEGIC STUDIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA BY ALFEUS MAPOWE 201601468 02/2017 MAIN SUPERVISOR: PROF. P.H. VAN ROOYEN UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA i Abstract This research was carried out to determine the community‟s insight of the Namibian Defence Force under the title “Community Insights of the Namibian Defence Force: An Investigative Study of the Khomas Region”. The research carried out a theoretical study in the concerned area and the study used the qualitative research methodology and interview questions were used as a research instrument for collecting data and the responses collected were analysed qualitatively. The main result of this research was that the community does not fully understand the role of the Namibian Defence Force in times of peace. Most of the respondents saw the Namibian Defence Force as a squander of state funds and they felt that they had nothing to benefit from the existence of the Defence force. Some participants did not understand the activities and the importance of the Defence Force. The recommendations of the study were that the Namibian Defence Force needs to educate the community on its role both in war and peace times to stimulate the understanding of its activities by the general populace and to develop community relations education among the Defence force members. The study also found out the need for the improvement of regulations within the force to develop the community‟s image of the soldiers, hence, develop insights and aims to advance the ways of life of the soldiers in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Library of the Basler Afrika Bibliographien New Acquisitions from and on Namibia
    Bibliothek der Basler Afrika Bibliographien Neuerwerbungen aus und zu Namibia (Neuzugänge 1. Januar – 31. Dezember 2018) 1. Monographien S. 1 2. Zeitschriften, Jahresberichte und Zeitungen S. 118 3. Elektronische Dokumente S. 144 Library of the Basler Afrika Bibliographien New acquisitions from and on Namibia (New acquisitions January 1 – December 31, 2018) 1. Monographs p. 1 2. Journals, annual reports and newspapers p. 118 3. Electronic documents p. 144 1. Monographien / Monographs "In Christus - eine neue Gemeinschaft". Folter in Südafrika? Reihe: epd Dokumentation, 1977, Nr. 31 Frankfurt a.M.: Evangelischer Pressedienst (epd), 1977; 83p.. Übersetzung des englischen Originals von 1977. Für das englische Original mit dem Titel Torture in South Africa? siehe Sig. 2090.. Deskriptoren: Apartheid + Folter + Strafvollzug + Namibia + Südafrika Signatur: 47560 15 Jahre Afrikastudien an der Universität Basel Reihe: Regio Basiliensis. Basler Zeitschrift für Geographie, 58(3) Basel: Universität Basel, Departement Umweltwissenschaften, 2017; pp. 149-199, ill., maps. Mit einem Vorwort von Veit Arlt und Lena Bloemertz. Mit Beiträgen von Elísio Macamo, Dag Henrichsen, Giorgio Miescher, J. Krenz, N.J. Kuhn, B. Kuhn, P. Greenwood, G. Heckrath, Brigit Obrist, Jakob Zinsstag, Fiona Siegenthaler, Till Förster. Deskriptoren: Zeitschriften (Form) + Afrikastudien + Ethnologie + Europäisch-afrikanische Beziehungen + Forschung + Gesundheitswesen + Kunst + Ökologie + Physische Geographie + Städte + Namibia + Schweiz + Südafrika + Südliches Afrika Signatur: 46592 22 Years. DTA Achievements = 22 Jaar. DTA Prestasies [o.O.]: Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA), ca. 2000; [ohne Seitenzählung]. Deskriptoren: Democratic Turnhalle Alliance + Wahlen + Namibia Signatur: 46835 79. Auktion: Spezialauktion Deutsche Kolonien am 13. November 2001 in unseren eigenen Räumen, Relenbergstrasse 78, Stuttgart-Mitte Stuttgart: Würtembergisches Auktionshaus, 2001; 80p., ill.. Ergänzung zum Titel: Umschlagtitel: Spezialauktion Deutsche Kolonien, 13.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Abbreviations
    Evolutions-prelims10.qxd 2005/09/28 12:11 PM Page xiii List of abbreviations AFDL Alliance des forces démocratiques pour la libération du Congo—Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo ANC African National Congress ANC Armée Nationale Congolaise—Congolese National Army AP Assembly point APLA Azanian People’s Liberation Army ASF African Standby Force AU African Union BCP Basutoland Congress Party BDF Bophuthatswana Defence Force BJSTT British Joint Services Training Team BMATT British Military Advisory and Training Team BNP Basotho National Party CAC Central African Command CADSP Common African Defence and Security Policy CCFADM Joint Commission for the Formation of the Mozambican Defence Forces CDF Ciskei Defence Force CIO Central Intelligence Organisation CMF Commonwealth Monitoring Force CoD Council on Defence CODESA Convention for a Democratic South Africa COIN Counter-insurgency Comira Military Committee for the Resistance in Angola CSANDF Chief of the South African National Defence Force CSB Civil Service Board CSC Supervisory and Monitoring Commission DDR Disarmament, demobilisation and rehabilitation DoD Department of Defence DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo DSP Division Spéciale Presidentille—Presidential Special Division or Praetorian Guard DTA Democratic Turnhalle Alliance ECCAS Economic Community of Central African States EEZ Exclusive economic zone xiii Evolutions-prelims10.qxd 2005/09/28 12:11 PM Page xiv xiv Evolutions & Revolutions ELNA Army for the National Liberation of Angola EPLA People’s Army for
    [Show full text]
  • A History of the Botswana Defence Force, C. 1977-2007
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2021-01-11 Thebe ya Sechaba: A History of the Botswana Defence Force, c. 1977-2007 Mocheregwa, Bafumiki Mocheregwa, B. (2021). Thebe ya Sechaba: A History of the Botswana Defence Force, c. 1977-2007 (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/112986 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Thebe ya Sechaba: A History of the Botswana Defence Force, c. 1977 – 2007 by Bafumiki Mocheregwa A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN HISTORY CALGARY, ALBERTA JANUARY, 2021 © Bafumiki Mocheregwa 2021 Abstract The protracted liberation struggles of Southern Africa that began in the 1960s, particularly in Rhodesia (Zimbabwe today) eventually prompted the Botswana government to establish its own defence force in 1977. Due to budgetary constraints and relative internal political stability, Botswana had relied on a small paramilitary force called the Police Mobile Unit (PMU) since the early 1960s for all defence – related issues. By the late 1970s, the sharp escalation of the struggle for Zimbabwe resulted in cross – border incursions by Rhodesian security forces who were pursuing armed freedom fighters.
    [Show full text]
  • National Assembly Performance
    Institute for Public Policy Research Not Speaking Out: Measuring National Assembly Performance By Ellison Tjirera and Graham Hopwood IPPR Comment No. 4 September 2009 This paper analyses the amount of contributions that members of the National Assembly made to parliamentary debate from September 2005 to October 2007 as one indicator of parliamentary performance. Although it has been speculated that some members of the National Assembly contribute very little to debates on bills and motions, as far as the IPPR is aware no research since independence has actually sought to quantify how much MPs contribute to debates in the House. The principal measure used for this research paper was the number of lines each MP contributed to debate in the Hansard – the official record of parliament. Originally, the IPPR had hoped to examine Hansard from the inception of the current parliament in 2005 until mid-2009. However, this has proved impossible because Hansard is not available from October 2007 onwards since editions have not been published since then. For this reason this analysis is based on a two-year period from September 2005 to early October 2007, which was felt to be a long enough period to make an assessment of how much MPs contributed to debate. The methodology used by this research paper is restricted solely to the amount of lines that MPs have contributed to the official record of parliamentary proceedings. No attempt is made to assess the quality of those contributions as this would involve highly subjective value judgements. This paper also does not attempt to assess how MPs may contribute to other aspects of parliamentary life, for example the committee system.
    [Show full text]
  • The Namibian Defence Force from 1990–2005
    Evolutions10a.qxd 2005/09/28 12:08 PM Page 199 CHAPTER EIGHT Promoting national reconciliation and regional integration: The Namibian Defence Force from 1990–2005 Gwinyayi Dzinesa & Martin Rupiya INTRODUCTION The colonial experience in Namibia was brutal and harsh. For the purposes of this chapter—which seeks to document the post-colonial military history of Namibia—a brief discussion of events spanning the period circa 1884 to independence in 1990 is essential. HISTORIC OVERVIEW The geography of Namibia is unique in the Southern African region. With a total land mass of 825,418 km², Namibia’s climate is hot and dry, measuring the lowest rainfall in the region, with large parts of the country being desert. Only 1% of the land area is arable, confined to the north, with 46% pastures and 22% forests and wood. The rest is harsh, rocky and dry.1 Namibia has a 1,572 km Atlantic Ocean coastline along its western edge on which a number of harbours and ports have been established; these include Oranjemund, Ludertiz, Walvis Bay and Swakopmund. While the country lacks vegetation and is hilly and sparse, it contains a generous range of minerals from diamonds, copper, uranium and gold, to lead, tin, lithium, zinc, salt, vanadium, natural gas, suspected oil deposits, coal and iron. The area first witnessed European interest from Portuguese explorers in the late 15th century, followed by Afrikaner traders during the 17th century, and German missionaries and traders dealing in ivory and cattle at the turn of the 19th century. Their presence was later followed by a 199 Evolutions10a.qxd 2005/09/28 12:08 PM Page 200 200 Evolutions & Revolutions growing trade in diamonds and copper.
    [Show full text]