Remonstrative Tone: Transnational Narration in US Novels
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Remonstrative Tone: Transnational Narration in US Novels The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Fehrenbacher, Dena. 2019. Remonstrative Tone: Transnational Narration in US Novels. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:42029673 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use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`"(&')9"S&$!Z&96T=*%%&%%"*+!! ! ::K!Z&96T=*%%&%%"*+!A+$&'8'*;+$! ! :::K!:5,&'")9!Z&96T=*%%&%%"*+!! ! :^K!B*+39;%"*+L!]1*!B)+!W;$8&![@)+$*a! ! B1),(&'!41'&&!! 8'*,+5'7,!@7+'*'=A!1*!<7*'+!BC#D2,!"#$!2,*$0!3(45,(&6!7*0$!(0!869-,!3-(!KKKKKKKKK!GFb! ! 3&()%8:;(+%&! ! :K!41&!#;(*+*5.!*6!O41&!D*+%('*;%!]1"(&!X"$!N"(1!(1&!M*$T`"U&!=*N&'%P! ! ::K!41&!#;(*+*5.!*6![%3)'!(1&!0**9! ! :::K!B*+39;%"*+L!M&(("+8![;(! ! B1),(&'!0*;'! 8'*,+5'7,!)'*+5'%!1*!"&E7!)'%&2,!8.$4!:*'/!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!Gcb! ! 3&()%8:;(+%&! ! :K!OM*@&'+"+8!7+&'8"&%PL!W;9";%Q%!4*+&! ! ::K!Z&96T6*'8"@"+8!B*+6&%%"*+%! ! :::K!B*5,'*5"%&$!:+(&'@&+("*+%! ! :^K!B*$)L!-9"+$+&%%!)+$!(1&!Y*@&9! ! B*+39;%"*+!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!Gde! -"29"*8'),1.!KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK!G_F! ! ! "@! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 0*'!Y"3U! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! @! ! @>F*'G%&46=&*+,! :!N*;9$!9"U&!(*!6"'%(!)+$!6*'&5*%(!(1)+U!5.!$"%%&'()("*+!)$@"%*'!M9&+$)!B)',"*K!#5*+8! (1&!5)+.!'&)%*+%!6*'!5.!"55&+%&!8')("(;$&C!:!)5!,)'("3;9)'9.!(1)+U6;9!(*!1)@&!1)$!)+!)$@"%*'! N1*!1&9,&$!5&!%&&!"+(&99&3(;)9!8'*N(1!)%!)!,'*3&%%C!N1*!&+3*;')8&$!5&!(*!'&5&52&'!N1&'&!5.! 1&)'(!N)%!"+!"(!)99C!)+$!N1*!5)"+()"+&$!(1&!"5,*'()+3&!*6!1;5*'!)+$!9);81(&'!(1'*;81*;(K! D.!*(1&'!$"%%&'()("*+!3*55"((&&!5&52&'%!)9%*!,'*@"$&$!(1&!U"+$!*6!6&&$2)3UC! 5&+(*'%1",C!)+$!8**$!)$@"3&!(1)(!N"99!'&5)"+!N"(1!5&!(1'*;81!(1&!9*+8C!9*+8!8)5&!*6!(1&! "+(&99&3(;)9!9"6&K!=1"9",!0"%1&'!'*;("+&9.!,'*@"$&$!,'*>&3(T%1"6("+8!"+%"81(%!)+$!1&9,&$!5&!"$&+("6.! 5.!9*@&!*6!(1&!+*@&9!6*'5K!#+$'&N!])''&+!1&9,&$!5&!5*@&!*;(!*6!5.!6&)'!*6!%1)'"+8!"$&)%C!)+$! "+!1"%!8&+&'*;%!5&+(*'%1",!)9N).%!1&9,&$!5&!3*++&3(!N"(1!5.!9*@&!*6!9"(&')'.!(1&*'.K!W;!f*+! X"5!>*"+&$!(1"%!,'*>&3(!(*N)'$!(1&!&+$!2;(!N"(1!%*!5;31!8&+&'*%"(.C!"5,*'()+(!<;&%("*+%C!)+$! "+@)9;)29&!8**$!31&&'K!:+!)$$"("*+!(*!5*$&9"+8!8'&)(!%31*9)'%1",C!)99!)'&!&R(')*'$"+)'.!(&)31&'%C! )+$!:!3*;9$!+*(!2&!5*'&!(1)+U6;9!6*'!(1&"'!&R)5,9&%K!:!)5!)9%*!8')(&6;9!(*!5)+.!?)'@)'$!6)3;9(.! 5&52&'%!N1*!1)@&!%1)'&$!"+%"81(%!6*'!@)'"*;%!,)'(%!*6!(1"%!,'*>&3(L!W&%%&!D3B)'(1.C!/)@"$! #9N*'(1C!/"&$'&!`.+31C!`*;"%!D&+)+$C!)+$!N"(1!,'&T$"%%&'()("*+!N*'UC!V"31)'$!D*')+K!! :!3)++*(!"5)8"+&!8')$;)(&!%31**9!N"(1*;(!5.!O81*%(!3*55"((&&CP!(1'&&!8')$;)(&!%(;$&+(%! N1*!1)@&!8"@&+!5&!5*'&!%*;9T%&)'31"+8!6&&$2)3U!)+$!8**$!9);81%!(1)+!)+.*+&!&9%&L!W)+&(!g*+8! f*'UC!B1)$!?&8&95&.&'C!)+$!Z(&,1&+!4)'$"6K!7)31!1)%!2&&+!(';9.!"+@)9;)29&!(*!5.!*N+!8'*N(1! )%!)!%31*9)'!)+$!)!,&'%*+K!D)+.!*(1&'!8')$;)(&!%(;$&+(%!5)$&!5.!("5&!)(!?)'@)'$!)!'"31! &R,&'"&+3&C!"+(&99&3(;)99.!)+$!%*3")99.C!&%,&3")99.!=*'(&'!]1"(&C!?&"$"!`";C!-'*+N.+!:%))3%! /;U&'C!=&(&'!f*'UC!Z*,1")!D)*C!X)(1'.+!V*2&'(%C!7'+&%(!D"(31&99C!79"S)2&(1!]&3U1;'%(C!4&'&%)! 4'*;(C!D)'"%%)!M';+&%C!V&2&33)!X)%(9&5)+!)+$!D)'")!/&@9"+K!:!&%,&3")99.!),,'&3")(&!(1&!%()66! 5&52&'%!*6!(1&!0')+3"%!W)5&%!B1"9$!D&5*'")9!`"2')'.C!)+$!(1&!B1"9$!D)+)8&'%C!5*$&9"+8! 1*%,"()9"(.!)+$!3;9("@)("+8!)!%,)3&!N1&'&!8')$;)(&!%(;$&+(!9"6&!"%!"+!"(%!(*,!6*'5L!B1'"%(*,1&'! ! @"! ! Z,)"$&C!D"31)&9!#99&+C!#5)+$)!M;++!)+$!=*'(&'!]1"(&!h)8)"+iK!:!)5!)9%*!(1)+U6;9!6*'!)5)S"+8! N'"("+8!)$@"3&!)+$!N)'5!3)'&!6'*5!Z;S)++&!Z5"(1K!! :!)5!"55&+%&9.!8')(&6;9!(*!Z(&@&!W;%("3&!)+$!B1".;5)!799"*((!)(!-&'U&9&.!6*'!(1&!1"81&%(! %()+$)'$%!*6!%31*9)'%1",C!5&+(*'%1",C!)+$!6'"&+$%1",K!`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h)+$!*6(&+!8&+&'*;%9.!6&$i!2.!%*!5)+.!3*55;+"("&%!"+!(1&!-*%(*+!)'&)!2&.*+$!(1&! ?)'@)'$!3)5,;%K!:!)5!8')(&6;9!(*!(1&!3*55;+"("&%!*6!?B?BC!Z(K!D)'.!#+("*31")+!['(1*$*R! B1;'31!)+$!4)R")'31)&!M'&&U!['(1*$*R!B1;'31C!)+$!(1&!M[!-*%(*+!j!Z0!D&('*,*9"%&%k!*;'! U*;52)'"C!(1&!/*8")%&%!)+$!(1&!`"@"+8%(*+%k!)99!(1&!,'&%2.(&')%!N1*5!:!)5!8')(&6;9!(*!3)99! %"%(&'%C!&%,&3")99.!Y"U*9&(()C!/"5"(')C!Y)$")!h)8)"+liC!Z()3&.C!Z)+$.C!)+$!X'"%%.C!*6!29&%%&$! 5&5*'.k!6'"&+$%!"+!-*%(*+!)+$!B)9"6*'+")!9"U&!#+8&9"U"C!/)+"&99&C!W)5"9C!)+$!Y)()m)K! 0"+)99.C!:!)5!"+$&2(&$!(*!(1&!9*@&!)+$!%;,,*'(!*6!5.!6)5"9.L!M&*'8&C!B.+(1")C!W;9")+)!)+$! B1'"%(")+K!#5*+8!(1&!"++;5&')29&!(1"+8%!5.!6)5"9.!1)%!8"@&+!5&C!:!)5!&%,&3")99.!(1)+U6;9!6*'! (1&!%1'"+UTN'),,&$!,)3U)8&%!*6!,),&'2)3U!+*@&9%!6'*5!B*%(3*!$;'"+8!5.!31"9$1**$C!)+$!&+$9&%%! ('*99"+8!2)+(&'!"+!(1&!6)5"9.!8'*;,!(&R(!3*+@&'%)("*+!$;'"+8!(1&!%*9"(;$&!*6!8')$;)(&!%31**9K! #+$!5*%(!*6!)99C!:!)5!(1)+U6;9!(*!5.!1;%2)+$C!Y"3UC!6*'!)9N).%!&+3*;')8"+8!5&!(*!';+! h9"(&')99.!)+$!6"8;')("@&9.iC!)+$!6*'!2&"+8!(1&!,&'%*+!N"(1!N1*5!:!ON*'U!*;(P!)99!(1&!(1"+8%K!41"%! "%!$&$"3)(&$!(*!1"5K ! @""! ! H*+5'47>+1'*! ! O?*N!5;31!(1&!5&'&!(*+&!*6!0%(#'!7)%$!1&8#)9)%:&8!"%!N*'(1lP!J`&@!Z1&%(*@G! ! O:Q5!)!%"3U!5)+n!:Q5!)!%,"(&6;9!5)+KPE!:(Q%!1)'$!(*!6*'8&(!(1&!*,&+"+8!9"+&%!*6! /*%(*&@%U.Q%!0%(#'!7)%$!1&8#)9)%:&8K!]1"9&!1"%!@*"3&!N)%!5;31!,')"%&$!)+$!"5"()(&$!2.! ,*%(N)'!#5&'"3)+!)+$!7;'*,&)+!N'"(&'%C!"(!"%!)'8;)29.!(1&!;+$&'8'*;+$!5)+Q%!(*+&!(1)(!"%!(1&! *,&')("@&!)&%(1&("3!6&)(;'&!*6!(1&!+*@&9K!D"U1)"9!-)U1("+!;+,)3U%!(1&!$.+)5"%5!*6!(*+&!"+!(1&%&! 6"'%(!(N*!%&+(&+3&%L!(1&!(*+&!!*6!O:Q5!)!%"3U!5)+CP!"%!O,9)"+("@&CP!"+@"("+8!%.5,)(1.Kc!41&!&99",%&%! %"8+)9!)!%1"6(k!(1&!(*+&!*6!(1&!%&3*+$!%&+(&+3&!3)+!2&!'&)$!)%!%&96T3*+%3"*;%C!)+()8*+"%("3C!(1&!(*+&!