An Analysis of the Situation of Children and Women in Kon Tum Province

PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE OF KON TUM PROVINCE AN ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN KON TUM PROVINCE SUMMARY REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN KON TUM PROVINCE AN ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN KON TUM PROVINCE SUMMARY REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS LIST OF CONTENTS LIST OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................................................................................4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................................................................5 1. OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY .................................................................................................................. 6 2. SUMMARY OF STATISTICAL INDICATORS ....................................................................................... 14 3. MAIN FINDINGS, CAPACITY GAPS AND RECOMENDATIONS ........................................................ 16 4 AN ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN KON TUM PROVINCE SUMMARY REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CLTS Community Led Total Sanitation CHC Commune Health Clinic CWD Children with Disability DOET Department of Education and Training DOH Department of Health DOLISA Department of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs DPI Department of Planning and Investment GDP Gross Domestic Product GSO General Statistics Office IEC Information, Education and Communication IMR Infant Mortality Rate KAP Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices MOET Ministry of Education and Training MOH Ministry of Health MOLISA Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs MMR Maternal Mortality Rate NIN National Institute of Nutrition NTP National Target Programme ODA Official Development Assistance PCERWASS Province Centre for Rural Water Supply and Sanitation PPC Province Peoples Committee RWSS Rural Water Supply and Sanitation SEDP Socio Economic Development Plan SRB Sex Ratio at Birth UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund VHLSS Vietnam Housing and Living Standards Survey VHW Village Health Worker VND Vietnamese Dong AN ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN KON TUM PROVINCE 5 SUMMARY REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1. OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to provide a holistic providers including teachers, health workers, picture, analysis and understanding of the local collaborators and commune and village situation of children and women in Kon Tum cadres; and (vi) focus group discussions and Province in the Central Highlands Region of participatory analysis with groups of children, Vietnam. The study aims to inform policy-makers parents and other community members. This and to help improve planning and the allocation has been complemented by a literature review of resources in the provincial Socio-Economic of other relevant research studies, including a Development Plan (SEDP) and sector plans and review of social sciences research publications budgets so that they are more child sensitive and on various topics and issues related to the evidence-based. The specific objectives of the indigenous ethnic minority groups in the Central study are threefold: Highlands. In total, around 280 participants were involved in the research, including representa- • Firstly, to improve understanding of the tives from 19 provincial departments, while 70 current status of the fulfillment of children’s percent of the participants were at grassroots rights in relation to four clusters of child level. rights and areas of sector activity: (i) maternal and child health and nutrition, water, In preparation for the research, the provincial sanitation and hygiene; (ii) pre-school and authorities in Kon Tum identified several general education; (iii) child protection; and particular issues that the research should (iv) children’s participation. investigate, including: the situation of children in conflict with the law; the situation of early • Secondly, to help strengthen local capacity marriage; and priorities for development to undertake and use the situation analysis of child protection networks and services. as a means for monitoring the situation of These issues had been identified in a previous children and women, particularly vulnerable survey undertaken by DOLISA in 2012 on the and disadvantaged groups and how their situation of children in 14 communes, wards rights are being met. and townships. In response to this request, a detailed analysis has been made of a number of • Thirdly, to provide practical recommen- important issues affecting teenagers and young dations on how to improve the situation adults in Kon Tum today, as well as looking at of children and women in the province in community based child protection in the context relation to the SEDP and sector planning, of socio-economic and socio-cultural factors budgeting and monitoring, and the and the transformation of social and cultural implementation of services on the ground. institutions. In order to build-up a comprehensive picture The study is divided into eight chapters, as and understanding, the research has compiled follows: and analyzed both quantitative data and qualitative information drawn from a number Chapter 1 Introduction – provides an of different sources, including: (i) statistics from overview and introduction to the objectives national surveys and databases; (ii) statistics of the research, the analytical framework and from province and district departments, methodology, the detailed research questions, monitoring systems and reports; (iii) budgetary and the fieldwork locations and participants in and expenditure information on sector the research. programmes and services; (iv) meetings with local government leaders, officials and Chapter 2 Development Context – sets the service providers from different sectors at scene for the study by describing salient aspects province, district and commune levels; (v) of the geographical setting, demographic char- focus group discussions with front-line service acteristics and trends, ethnic composition, the 6 AN ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF CHILDREN AND WOMEN IN KON TUM PROVINCE SUMMARY REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS provincial economy and household incomes. nutrition and feeding practices. Secondly, factors In doing so, a comparison is made between the influencing reproductive healthcare behaviour situation of key human development indicators – including differential trends in childbirth, early in Kon Tum and neighboring provinces in the marriage and early pregnancy, spiritual and ritual Central Highlands and other regions of the aspects of childbirth, and education, religious country; and development issues and challenges affiliation, family planning and birth control. are highlighted with respect to land use, employment, climate change, water resources Chapter 5 Children’s Participation and and environmental vulnerability. Social and Cultural Transformation – looks at children’s participation from several perspectives. Chapter 3 Institutional Context and In- Firstly, children’s social networks and daily life tra-provincial Differentiation – provides activities are described from the perspective of the foundation for the more detailed analysis children themselves. This is used to understand made in subsequent chapters. Firstly, attention differences in the situation and world-view of is given to the overall institutional context for children in urban and rural areas, as well as to the fulfilment of child rights. This includes a understand some of the problems and difficulties summary of provincial revenues, the provincial they face at home, in the community and at budget and social sector expenditures; the school. legislative framework for child care, protection and education; the Province Socio Economic Secondly, consideration is given to the Development Plan and Province Action participation and protection of teenagers and Programme for Children; and cross-sector young adults, particularly those who leave coordination, integration and synergy in the education at the end of lower secondary delivery of services. This is used as a basis school. In particular, we examine the processes for identifying institutional capacity gaps in of social and cultural change that are taking subsequent chapters. place amongst indigenous ethnic minority communities in Kon Tum. This is in order to Secondly, district-level indicators and statistics understand how these changes may affect the are used to build up a picture of the major care, protection and education of children in patterns of intra-provincial differentiation these communities, as well as factors which according to geographical and administrative influence the participation of children and area, poverty status, and ethnicity. This is used women in modern day society. to identify the most disadvantaged districts and areas of the province, as well as to identify The following chapters go on to analyses the patterns of inequality in the situation of children clusters of child rights and areas of sectoral and women. Thirdly, this chapter identifies the activity in more detail, including maternal most hard-to-reach and vulnerable groups of and child healthcare and nutrition, water children and women in Kon Tum. This is used supply and sanitation (Chapter 6), education in subsequent chapters as a basis for analyzing and development (Chapter 7) and child the sources and causes of

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