Council and Participants
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The American Law Institute OFFICERS * Roswell B. Perkins, President Charles Alan Wright, 1st Vice Presidentand PresidentDesignate Patricia M. Wald, 2nd Vice President Bennett Boskey, Treasurer Geoffrey C. Hazard, Jr., Director COUNCIL * Shirley S. Abrahamson Madison Wisconsin Philip S. Anderson Little Rock Arkansas Richard Sheppard Arnold Little Rock Arkansas Sheila L. Birnbaum New York New York Bennett Boskey Washington District of Columbia Michael Boudin Boston Massachusetts William M. Burke Los Angeles California Hugh Calkins Cleveland Ohio Gerhard Casper Stanford California William T. Coleman, Jr. Washington District of Columbia Edward H. Cooper Ann Arbor Michigan N. Lee Cooper Birmingham Alabama Roger C. Cramton Ithaca New York Lloyd N. Cutler Washington District of Columbia George H.T. Dudley St. Thomas U.S. Virgin Islands Christine M. Durham Salt Lake City Utah William H. Erickson Denver Colorado Thomas E. Fairchild Madison Wisconsin John P. Frank Phoenix Arizona George Clemon Freeman, Jr. Richmond Virginia Ruth Bader Ginsburg Washington District of Columbia Erwin N. Griswold Washington District of Columbia Conrad K. Harper New York New York Benjamin W. Heineman, Jr. Fairfield Connecticut Vester T. Hughes, Jr. Dallas Texas Nicholas deB. Katzenbach Morristown New Jersey Herma Hill Kay Berkeley California Judith S. Kaye New York New York Carolyn Dineen King Houston Texas Pierre N. Leval New York New York Edward Hirsch Levi Chicago Illinois Betsy Levin Boulder Colorado Hans A. Linde Salem Oregon Martin Lipton New York New York * As of May 11, 1993 COUNCIL Robert MacCrate New York New York John W. Martin, Jr. Dearborn Michigan Hale McCown Lincoln Nebraska Vincent L. McKusick Portland Maine Robert H. Mundheim Philadelohia Pennsylvania Roswell B. Perkins New York New York Ellen Ash Peters Hartford Connectici t Louis H. Pollak Philadelphia Pennsylvania Ernest J. Sargeant Boston Massachusetts Bernard G. Segal* Philadelphia Pennsylvania Sherwin P. Simmons Tampa Florida Win. Reece Smith, Jr. Tampa Florida Robert A. Stein Minneapolis Minnesota John T. Subak Philadelphia Pennsylvania Michael Traynor San Francisco California John W. Wade Nashville Tennessee Patricia M. Wald Washington District of Columbia Lawrence E. Walsh Oklahoma City Oklahoma William H. Webster Washington District of Columbia Herbert Wechsler ** New York New York George Whittenburg Amarillo Texas Herbert P. Wilkins Boston Massachusetts James H. Wilson, Jr. Atlanta Georgia Paul A. Wolkin *** Philadelphia Pennsylvania Frank M. Wozencraft Houston Texas Charles Alan Wright Austin Texas Emeritus Council Members F. M. Bird Atlanta Georgia R. Ammi Cutter **** Cambridge Massachusetts Joseph F. Johnston Birmingham Alabama Charles Merton Merrill San Francisco California Lyman M. Tondel, Jr. Aurora Colorado John Minor Wisdom New Orleans Louisiana The Executive Office THE AMERICAN LAW INSTITUTE 4025 Chestnut Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 * Counselor Emeritus ** DirectorEmeritus * Executive Vice PresidentEmeritus Chairman Emeritus REPORTERS ROBERT C. DENICOLA, University of Nebraska College of Law, Lincoln, Nebraska HARVEY S. PERLMAN, University of Nebraska College of Law, Lincoln, Nebraska [from 1989] ADVISERS * MILES J. ALEXANDER, Atlanta, Georgia WILLIAM M. BORCHARD, New York, New York RALPH S. BROWN, Yale Law School, New Haven, Connecticut MARIE V. DRISCOLL, New York, New York [from 1988] KENNETH B. GERMAIN, Cincinnati, Ohio JEROME GILSON, Chicago, Illinois MILTON HANDLER, New York, New York [from 1988] ANNE S. JORDAN, Menlo Park, California [from 1988] BENJAMIN KAPLAN, Harvard University Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts BRUCE P. KELLER, New York, New York [from 1989] EDMUND W. KITCH, University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottes- ville, Virginia WILLIAM M. LANDES, University of Chicago Law School, Chicago, Illinois [from 1988] DAVID L. LANGE, Duke University School of Law, Durham, North Carolina J. THOMAS McCARTHY, University of San Francisco Law School, San Francisco, California JON 0. NEWMAN, Judge. United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, Hartford, Connecticut HELEN WILSON NIES, Chief Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, Washington, District of Columbia JAMES L. OAKES, Chief Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, Brattleboro, Vermont HARVEY S. PERLMAN [to 1989] LOUIS H. POLLAK, Judge, United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania [from 1989] ARTHUR H. SEIDEL, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania MICHAEL TRAYNOR, San Francisco, California • Status as of May 11, 1993 ADVISERS DONALD F. TURNER, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, District of Columbia [from 1988 to 1992] SYLVIA H. WALBOLT, St. Petersburg, Florida [from 1988] CHARLES ALAN WRIGHT, University of Texas School of Law, Austin, Texas EX OFFICIO * ROSWELL B. PERKINS, New York, New York President,The American Law Institute GEOFFREY C. HAZARD, JR., New Haven, Connecticut Director, The American Law Institute • Status as of May 11, 1993 MEMBERS CONSULTATIVE GROUP (as of April 1, 1993) BURTON C. AGATA, Hempstead, W. AMON BURTON, JR., Austin, New York Texas WALTER H. ALFORD, Atlanta, STEPHEN CALKINS, Detroit, Georgia Michigan IRWIN M. ALTERMAN, Farming- TERRY CALVANI, Washington, ton Hills, Michigan D.C. RICHARD ALAN ARNOLD, RICHARD F. CAMPBELL III, Miami, Florida Oklahoma City, Oklahoma GRADY AVANT, JR., Detroit, RONALD G. CARR, Washington, Michigan D.C. TYLER A. BAKER III, Dallas, WILLIAM R. CASTO, Lubbock, Texas Texas ROBERT L. BANSE, Princeton, BENJAMIN R. CIVILETTI, New Jersey Baltimore, Maryland JOHN J. BARRY, Newark, New RUTLEDGE C. CLEMENT, JR., Jersey New Orleans, Louisiana PETER V. BAUGHER, Chicago, MILO G. COERPER, Washington, Illinois D.C. JANIS M. BERRY, Boston, CALVIN J. COLLIER, Northfield, Massachusetts Illinois DAVID E. BIRENBAUM, WAYNE DALE COLLINS, New Washington, D.C. York, New York ALLEN D. BLACK, Philadelphia, FREDERICK U. CONARD, JR., Pennsylvania Hartford, Connecticut RICHARD A. BOOTH, Rockville, WILLIAM L. CROWE, SR., New Maryland Orleans, Louisiana ROBERT S. BRAMSON, Bala RICHARD D. CUDAHY, United Cynwyd, Pennsylvania States Court of Appeals for the CHARLES F. BREGA, Denver, Seventh Circuit, Chicago, Colorado Illinois KATHLEEN F. BRICKEY, JOHN B. DAVIDSON, Chicago, St. Louis, Missouri Illinois WARREN BRODY, Roselle, New RICHARD E. DAY, Columbia, Jersey South Carolina ALEXANDRA A. BROOKSHIRE, JOSEPH W. DELLAPENNA, Seattle, Washington Villanova, Pennsylvania JACK E. BROWN, Phoenix, RICHARD F. DOLE, JR., Arizona Houston, Texas RAYMOND F. BURKE, White ROLAND W. DONNEM, Plains, New York Cleveland, Ohio MEMBERS CONSULTATIVE GROUP DAVID S. DOTY, U.S. District OSCAR S. GRAY, Baltimore, Court for the District of Maryland Minnesota, Minneapolis, J. FOY GUIN, JR., United States Minnesota District Court for the Northern ROCHELLE C. DREYFUSS, New District of Alabama, York, New York Birmingham, Alabama DIANE DURGIN, Atlanta, Georgia SHELDON W. HALPERN, PETER D. EHRENHAFT, Columbus, Ohio Washington, D.C. JAMES J. HANKS, JR., Baltimore, A. MICHAEL FERRILL, San Maryland Antonio, Texas RICHARD E. V. HARRIS, San RALPH ADAM FINE, Wisconsin Francisco, California Court of Appeals, Milwaukee, THOMAS P. HESTER, Chicago, Wisconsin Illinois GERARD M. FINKEL, Columbia, CASWELL 0. HOBBS, South Carolina Washington, D.C. PETER FLYNN, Chicago, Illinois STEPHEN J. HOLTMAN, Cedar ELEANOR M. FOX, New York, Rapids, Iowa New York DOUGLAS G. HOUSER, Portland, RICHARD T. FRANCH, Chicago, Oregon Illinois MICHAEL J. HUTTER, JR., LEWIS R. FRIEDMAN, New York Albany, New York State Supreme Court, New York, New York LESLIE W. JACOBS, Cleveland, Ohio JAKE E. GALLEGOS, Sante Fe, New Mexico ARTHUR H. KAHN, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PETER M. GERHART, Cleveland, Ohio MICHAEL ALEXANDER KAHN, San Francisco, California JOHN J. GIBBONS, Newark, New Jersey ARTHUR M. KAPLAN, DANIEL J. GIFFORD, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Minneapolis, Minnesota JOSEPH A. KATARINCIC, R. NICHOLAS GIMBEL, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania JUDITH S. KAYE, New York JANE GINSBURG, New York, Court of Appeals, New York, New York New York JOSEPH GOLDBERG, RICHARD A. KILLWORTH, Albuquerque, New Mexico Dayton, Ohio WENDY J. GORDON, Newark, JAMES B. KOBAK, JR., New York, New Jersey New York ROBERT A. GORMAN, HARVEY C. KOCH, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Louisiana MEMBERS CONSULTATIVE GROUP PETER G. KUMPE, Little Rock, VANCE K. OPPERMAN, Arkansas Minneapolis, Minnesota SYBIL H. LANDAU, New York, JACK OWENS, Modesto, New York California MATTHEW L. LARRABEE, San HENRY L. PARR, JR., Greenville, Francisco, California South Carolina JOHN HENRY LEWIN, JR., JERRY J. PHILLIPS, Knoxville, Baltimore, Maryland Tennessee HENRY R. LORD, Baltimore, ALAN E. POPKIN, St. Louis, Maryland Missouri HOUSTON PUTNAM LOWRY, FRANKLIN POUL, Philadelphia, Farmington, Connecticut Pennsylvania JOHN SHAFROTH LUTZ, PHILLIP A. PROGER, Denver, Colorado Washington, D.C. MYLES V. LYNK, Washington, FREDERICK A. PROVORNY, D.C. Washington, D.C. PETER B. MAGGS, Urbana, LEO J. RASKIND, Minneapolis, Illinois Minnesota DAVID H. MARKS, New York, BRYCE REA, JR., Washington, New York D.C. KIRK MARTIN McALPIN, BERNARD D. REAMS, JR., St. Savannah, Georgia Louis, Missouri JOHN P. McKENNA, Washington, BARBARA A. REEVES, Los D.C. Angeles, California CHARLES R. McMANIS, St. Louis, THOMAS W. RHODES, Atlanta, Missouri Georgia JAMES A. MEDFORD, DAVID A. RICE, Chestnut Hill, Greensboro, North Carolina Massachusetts A. DOUGLAS MELAMED, C. KENNETH ROBERTS, Irving, Washington,