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Defusing Conflict in Tsalka District of Georgia: Migration, International Intervention and the Role of the State
Defusing Conflict in Tsalka District of Georgia: Migration, International Intervention and the Role of the State Jonathan Wheatley ECMI Working Paper #36 October 2006 EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MINORITY ISSUES (ECMI) Schiffbruecke 12 (Kompagnietor) D-24939 Flensburg Germany +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 fax +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19 internet: http://www.ecmi.de ECMI Working Paper #36 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Director: Dr. Marc Weller Copyright 2006 European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) Published in October 2006 by the European Centre for Minority Issues (ECMI) ISSN: 1435-9812 2 Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................................... 4 II. TSALKA DISTRICT: AN OVERVIEW................................................................................................................... 5 ECONOMY AND INFRASTRUCTURE .................................................................................................................................. 5 DEMOGRAPHY AND MIGRATION ..................................................................................................................................... 8 POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND THE ROLE OF THE STATE........................................................................................... 11 III. MAIN ARENAS OF CONFLICT IN TSALKA DISTRICT................................................................................ 14 INTER-COMMUNAL CONFLICT AT LOCAL LEVEL -
14 July 2015 Assessment of Wood and Agricultural Residue Biomass
ASSESSMENT OF WOOD AND AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE BIOMASS ENERGY POTENTIAL IN GEORGIA Prepared for UNDP under Micro-Capital Grant Agreement for Non-Credit Related Activities of 26.06.14 WORLD EXPERIENCE FOR GEORGIA TBIILISI 2014 Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 2 Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Summary ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Assessment of Agricultural Residue Availability from Perennial Crops in Georgia ...................................... 13 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 13 Methodology for Perennial Crops ............................................................................................................ 15 Vineyards’ Pruning Residue ...................................................................................................................... 17 Fruit orchards’ Pruning Residue................................................................................................................ 23 Apple, pear, peach ................................................................................................................................... -
Perspectives, Obstacles and the Ongoing Development of CMM/CBM in Georgia Frameworks for Cooperation COMPANY PROFILE COMPANY PROFILE GIG Group and Its Subsidiaries
Perspectives, Obstacles and the Ongoing Development of CMM/CBM in Georgia Frameworks for Cooperation COMPANY PROFILE COMPANY PROFILE GIG Group and Its Subsidiaries With more than 4000 employed staff Georgian Industrial Group (GIG) is one of the largest industrial conglomerates in Georgia The business of GIG has been expanding quite steadily over the last years by means of acquisitions but also through organic growth e.g. by construction of new generation facilities such as power plants. “One Team - Multiple Energies” OUR ENERGY PORTFOLIO Renewables Coal Mining Thermal Power Plants The company operates hydro power plants GIG owns and operates the only coal mine in The group owns and operates thermal power plants with with a total installed capacity of 50MW. GIG Georgia with the 331 Mt coal extraction a total installed capacity of 600 MW. A 300 MW coal fired furthermore has some 70 MW of hydro and license. Tkibuli Coal mine envisages rising power plant with modern combustion technology is wind energy facilities under planning and annual output up to 1 million tons by 2021. currently under development. development. Electricity Trading CNG Refueling, Natural Gas Trading GIG and it’s subsidiaries are the largest electricity Through its subsidiary NEOGAS, GIG owns and/or trader in Georgia handling export/import, transit and operates 20 CNG refueling stations across Georgia. swap transactions with all of its neighboring Besides, GIG is involved in regional gas trading as well as countries. wholesale trading in Georgia. FURTHER INFORMATION: WWW.GIG.GE http://www.gig.ge/index.php SAKNAKHSHIRI GIG TKIBULI-SHAORI COALFIELD Location, Ownership and Reserves Coal Reserves Ownership Exploration Defined by Total 50%License JORC Area Standards Saknakhshiri 331 Mt 500 Mt 5,479.9 ha GIG 0% Tkibuli 0% Location Tbilisi Tkibuli-Shaori Coalfield locates on the southern slope of the Great Caucasus in the Tkibuli and Ambrolauri Districts to the 200 km northeastward of the capital of Georgia Tbilisi. -
Distribution: EG: Bank of Jandara Lake, Bolnisi, Burs
Subgenus Lasius Fabricius, 1804 53. L. (Lasius) alienus (Foerster, 1850) Distribution: E.G.: Bank of Jandara Lake, Bolnisi, Bursachili, Gardabani, Grakali, Gudauri, Gveleti, Igoeti, Iraga, Kasristskali, Kavtiskhevi, Kazbegi, Kazreti, Khrami gorge, Kianeti, Kitsnisi, Kojori, Kvishkheti, Lagodekhi Reserve, Larsi, Lekistskali gorge, Luri, Manglisi, Mleta, Mtskheta, Nichbisi, Pantishara, Pasanauri, Poladauri, Saguramo, Sakavre, Samshvilde, Satskhenhesi, Shavimta, Shulaveri, Sighnaghi, Taribana, Tbilisi (Mushtaidi Garden, Tbilisi Botanical Garden), Tetritskaro, Tkemlovani, Tkviavi, Udabno, Zedazeni (Ruzsky, 1905; Jijilashvili, 1964a, b, 1966, 1967b, 1968, 1974a); W.G.: Abasha, Ajishesi, Akhali Atoni, Anaklia, Anaria, Baghdati, Batumi Botanical Garden, Bichvinta Reserve, Bjineti, Chakvi, Chaladidi, Chakvistskali, Eshera, Grigoreti, Ingiri, Inkiti Lake, Kakhaberi, Khobi, Kobuleti, Kutaisi, Lidzava, Menji, Nakalakebi, Natanebi, Ochamchire, Oni, Poti, Senaki, Sokhumi, Sviri, Tsaishi, Tsalenjikha, Tsesi, Zestaponi, Zugdidi Botanical Garden (Ruzsky, 1905; Karavaiev, 1926; Jijilashvili, 1974b); S.G.: Abastumani, Akhalkalaki, Akhaltsikhe, Aspindza, Avralo, Bakuriani, Bogdanovka, Borjomi, Dmanisi, Goderdzi Pass, Gogasheni, Kariani, Khanchali Lake, Ota, Paravani Lake, Sapara, Tabatskuri, Trialeti, Tsalka, Zekari Pass (Ruzsky, 1905; Jijilashvili, 1967a, 1974a). 54. L. (Lasius) brunneus (Latreille, 1798) Distribution: E.G.: Bolnisi, Gardabani, Kianeti, Kiketi, Manglisi, Pasanauri (Ruzsky, 1905; Jijilashvili, 1968, 1974a); W.G.: Akhali Atoni, Baghdati, -
Outline Terms of Reference for Construction Supervision Zugdidi-Jvari-Mestia-Lasdili Road Sections Km 74-80; Km 89 (Road and Tunnel); Km 91-103; Km 121-125
OUTLINE TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISION ZUGDIDI-JVARI-MESTIA-LASDILI ROAD SECTIONS KM 74-80; KM 89 (ROAD AND TUNNEL); KM 91-103; KM 121-125 A. Background and Objective 1. General 1. Georgia is located south of the Caucasus mountain range, with Russia to the north, Armenia and Turkey to the south, Azerbaijan to the east, and the Black Sea to the west. It has a population of 4.5 million. Georgia, due to its geographic location, provides the shortest transit link between Central Asia and Europe. Hence, transport plays a pivotal role in supporting the national economy, and development of the transport sector is vital to increasing economy of the region through reduced transport costs. 2. Objectives 2. The objective is to rehabilitate road infrastructure to improve accessibility and guarantee easy access to Mestia region all year round. Four project sections are located on Zugdidi-Jvari- Mestia-Lasdili Road, which is of national importance and connects Zeda Svaneti Region, Mestia and other villages of the Zugdidi Rayon and on the Tbilisi-Senaki-Leselidze corridor. These rehabilitation road works will play important role in socio-economic and tourist infrastructure development for this region. Rehabilitation and reconstruction works are funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Government of Georgia as part of the Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Project. Overall management and coordination of implementation and supervision will be executed by the Municipal Development Fund of Georgia (MDF). 3. The present terms of reference (TOR) outline scope of work and requirements for the construction supervision of the rehabilitation works for four sections of Zugdidi-Jvari-Mestia- Lasdili road. -
Understanding the Need for Good Planning Project Newsletter #2
Integrated Solid Waste Management Kutaisi - Project Newsletter # 2- May 2017 News ევროკავშირი საქართველოსთვის The European Union for Georgia SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Ministry of Regional Development and COMPANY OF GEORGIA Infrastructure of Georgia Project nanced by KfW and Government of Georgia and supported with funding by Project implemented by consortium leaders PEM Consult and ERM Landll Operators the European Union Understanding the need for good planning Project Newsletter #2 Starting from November 2016, the team of the project “Inte- Imereti region journalists and media grated Solid Waste Management Kutasisi – Accompanying learn about the new regional waste management system Page 2 Measures Consulting (AMC) Services” is hosting a series of training courses for all municipalities in Imereti and Racha- Safer and healthier working Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti Regions. In our interview with conditions for over 200 Mr. René Boesten, the team leader of the project, explains the landll sta Page 2 training programme Municipal Waste Manage- ment Plan Training - mid Mr. Boesten, what is the main landll. A third priority is to set up fair term review Page 3 purpose and reason for this training and manageable systems for the OHS and EMS commitment programme? waste service charge that citizens (and of SWMCG Page 4 In accordance with the Waste Code of hotels etc.) have to pay for the collection The waste management Georgia, the municipalities have to and safe disposal of waste. system in Georgia - Main develop municipal waste management Separate collection and recycling will responsibilities of the involved plans in order to better manage and become obligatory in 2019. Are the parties Page 4 control municipal waste collection, and municipalities prepared? SWMCG website in future also recycling. -
Assemblée Générale Distr
Nations Unies A/HRC/13/21/Add.3 Assemblée générale Distr. générale 14 janvier 2010 Français Original: anglais Conseil des droits de l’homme Treizième session Point 3 de l’ordre du jour Promotion et protection de tous les droits de l’homme, civils, politiques, économiques, sociaux et culturels, y compris le droit au développement Rapport soumis par le Représentant du Secrétaire général pour les droits de l’homme des personnes déplacées dans leur propre pays, Walter Kälin* Additif Suite donnée au rapport sur la mission en Géorgie (A/HRC/10/13/Add.2)** * Soumission tardive. ** Le résumé du présent rapport est distribué dans toutes les langues officielles. Le rapport, qui est joint en annexe au résumé, n’est distribué que dans la langue originale. GE.10-10252 (F) 250110 260110 A/HRC/13/21/Add.3 Résumé Le Représentant du Secrétaire général pour les droits de l’homme des personnes déplacées dans leur propre pays s’est rendu, les 5 et 6 novembre 2009, dans la région de Tskhinvali (Ossétie du Sud) afin de donner suite à la mission qu’il avait effectuée en Géorgie en octobre 2008. Il a pu avoir accès à toutes les zones qu’il avait demandé à voir, y compris à la région de Tskhinvali et aux districts d’Akhalgori et de Znauri, et il a tenu des consultations franches et ouvertes avec les autorités de facto d’Ossétie du Sud. En raison du conflit d’août 2008, 19 381 personnes ont été déplacées au-delà de la frontière de facto, tandis que, selon les estimations, entre 10 000 et 15 000 personnes ont été déplacées à l’intérieur de la région de Tskhinvali (Ossétie du Sud). -
Economic Prosperity Initiative
USAID/GEORGIA DO2: Inclusive and Sustainable Economic Growth October 1, 2011 – September 31, 2012 Gagra Municipal (regional) Infrastructure Development (MID) ABKHAZIA # Municipality Region Project Title Gudauta Rehabilitation of Roads 1 Mtskheta 3.852 km; 11 streets : Mtskheta- : Mtanee Rehabilitation of Roads SOKHUMI : : 1$Mestia : 2 Dushet 2.240 km; 7 streets :: : ::: Rehabilitation of Pushkin Gulripshi : 3 Gori street 0.92 km : Chazhashi B l a c k S e a :%, Rehabilitaion of Gorijvari : 4 Gori Shida Kartli road 1.45 km : Lentekhi Rehabilitation of Nationwide Projects: Ochamchire SAMEGRELO- 5 Kareli Sagholasheni-Dvani 12 km : Highway - DCA Basisbank ZEMO SVANETI RACHA-LECHKHUMI rehabilitaiosn Roads in Oni Etseri - DCA Bank Republic Lia*#*# 6 Oni 2.452 km, 5 streets *#Sachino : KVEMO SVANETI Stepantsminda - DCA Alliance Group 1$ Gali *#Mukhuri Tsageri Shatili %, Racha- *#1$ Tsalenjikha Abari Rehabilitation of Headwork Khvanchkara #0#0 Lechkhumi - DCA Crystal Obuji*#*# *#Khabume # 7 Oni of Drinking Water on Oni for Nakipu 0 Likheti 3 400 individuals - Black Sea Regional Transmission ZUGDIDI1$ *# Chkhorotsku1$*# ]^!( Oni Planning Project (Phase 2) Chitatskaro 1$!( Letsurtsume Bareuli #0 - Georgia Education Management Project (EMP) Akhalkhibula AMBROLAURI %,Tsaishi ]^!( *#Lesichine Martvili - Georgia Primary Education Project (G-Pried) MTSKHETA- Khamiskuri%, Kheta Shua*#Zana 1$ - GNEWRC Partnership Program %, Khorshi Perevi SOUTH MTIANETI Khobi *# *#Eki Khoni Tskaltubo Khresili Tkibuli#0 #0 - HICD Plus #0 ]^1$ OSSETIA 1$ 1$!( Menji *#Dzveli -
Georgia/Abkhazia
HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH ARMS PROJECT HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH/HELSINKI March 1995 Vol. 7, No. 7 GEORGIA/ABKHAZIA: VIOLATIONS OF THE LAWS OF WAR AND RUSSIA'S ROLE IN THE CONFLICT CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................................5 EVOLUTION OF THE WAR.......................................................................................................................................6 The Role of the Russian Federation in the Conflict.........................................................................................7 RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................................................................................8 To the Government of the Republic of Georgia ..............................................................................................8 To the Commanders of the Abkhaz Forces .....................................................................................................8 To the Government of the Russian Federation................................................................................................8 To the Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus...........................................................................9 To the United Nations .....................................................................................................................................9 To the Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe..........................................................................9 -
2.1.1~2.1.4 95/06/12
Appendices Appendix-1 Member List of the Study Team (1) Field Survey 1. Dr. Yoshiko TSUYUKI Team Leader/ Technical Official, Experts Service Division, Technical Advisor Bureau of International Cooperation International Medical Center of Japan, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare 2. Mr. Hideo EGUCHI Security Control Deputy Resident Representative, Planner United Kingdom Office (JICA) 3. Mr. Yoshimasa TAKEMURA Project Coordinator Staff, Second Management Division, Grant Aid Management Department (JICA) 4. Mr. Yoshiharu HIGUCHI Project Manager CRC Overseas Cooperation Inc. 5. Dr. Tomoyuki KURODA Health Sector Surveyor CRC Overseas Cooperation Inc. 6. Mr. Hiroshi MORII Equipment Planner CRC Overseas Cooperation Inc. 7. Mr. Haruo ITO Equipment Planner / CRC Overseas Cooperation Inc. Cost and Procurement Planner 8. Ms. Rusudan PIRVELI Interpreter CRC Overseas Cooperation Inc. (2) Explanation of Draft Report 1. Dr. Yoshiko TSUYUKI Team Leader/ Technical Official, Experts Service Division, Technical Advisor Bureau of International Cooperation International Medical Center of Japan, Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare 2. Mr. Yoshimasa TAKEMURA Project Coordinator Staff, Second Management Division, Grant Aid Management Department (JICA) 3. Mr. Yoshiharu HIGUCHI Project Manager CRC Overseas Cooperation Inc. 4. Mr. Hiroshi MORII Equipment Planner CRC Overseas Cooperation Inc. 5. Ms. Rusudan PIRVELI Interpreter CRC Overseas Cooperation Inc. A-1 Appendix-2 Study Schedule (1) Field Survey No. Date Movement Activities Accommodation 1 Apr. 5 (Sat) Narita→Frankfurt Frankfurt (A) (B) (D) (A) (C) (D) 2 Apr. 6 (Sun) Frankfurt→Baku Baku (A) (C) (D) (A) (C) (D) 3 Apr. 7 (Mon) Baku→A) (C) (D) Visit the Embassy of Japan in Baku Train (A) (C) (D) London→(B) (A) (C) (D) Flight (B) (F) (G) Narita→Vienna→ (F) (G) 4 Apr. -
Akhalgori Deadlock
Contributor to the publication: Giorgi Kanashvili Responsible for the publication: Ucha Nanuashvili English text editor: Vikram Kona Copyrights: Democracy Research Institute (DRI) This report is developed by the Democracy Research Institute (DRI), within the project Supporting Human Rights Protection at Front Line, with the financial support of the European Endowment for Democracy (EED). The project aims at protecting human rights in conflict- affected territories which, among others, implies monitoring of the situation in terms of human rights protection to fill information lacunae. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the position of the EED. Tbilisi 2021 02 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 4 THE CONTEXT: GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN RELATIONS SINCE 2008 ....................................... 4 THE SITUATION OF THE POPULATION OF AKHALGORI BEFORE THE CHORCHANA- TSNELISI CRISIS ............................................................................................................................... 6 THE CHORCHANA-TSNELISI CRISIS AND CREEPING ETHNIC CLEANSING IN AKHALGORI ........................................................................................................................................ 8 THE FUTURE OF THE POPULATION OF AKHALGORI AND THE POLICY TO BE PURSUED BY GEORGIAN AUTHORITIES ................................................................................ 10 03 INTRODUCTION -
In Hospitality & Real Estate in Georgia
HOSPITALITY & INVESTMENT CLIMATE & 1 OPPORERTUANLITIES ES IN GETAORGITEA 2019 GEORGIA COUNTRY OVERVIEW Area: 69,700 sq. km Population: 3.7 mln GDP 2018: USD 16.2 billions Life expectancy at birth 2017: 73.5 years GDP real growth rate 2018: 4.7 % Georgian GDP CAGR 2013-2018 (GEL): 4 % Literacy: 99.8 % GDP per capita 2018: USD 4346 Capital: Tbilisi Inflation rate (December) 2018 (Y-o-Y): 1.5% Currency (code): Lari (GEL) Total Public Debt to Nominal GDP (%) 2018: 42.2% INVESTMENT CLIMATE & 2 OPPORTUNITIES IN GEORGIA ADVANTAGES OF INVESTMENT CLIMATE IN GEORGIA A politically stable investment destination EHƒEKGPVRro-business and corruption-free government Free trade agreement with 2.3 billion markets Competitive cost of labor and energy Entry gate between Europe and Asia Stable Macroeconomic situation and solid sovereign balance sheet 5KORNGNQYCPFGHƒEKGPVVCZCVKQP 6th easiest country to do business in (World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business Report 2019) th 6 safest country in the world (Numbeo’U%TKOG+PFGZ BB BB- Stable Ba2 Stable INVESTMENT CLIMATE & 3 OPPORTUNITIES IN GEORGIA WHY INVEST IN HOSPITALITY & REAL ESTATE IN GEORGIA Continuous Increase of International No Real Estate Ownership Restrictions Visitors – 21% average annual growth of Governmental Incentives Available Visa Free Regime with 98 Countries Unique Nature and Culture Various Types of Resorts and Investment Opportunities INVESTMENT CLIMATE & 4 OPPORTUNITIES IN GEORGIA NUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL TRAVELERS HAS BEEN GROWING RAPIDLY 10 9 8.7 8 7.9 7 6.3 6.7 6 5.7 5.9 5 4.7 +10% 4 3 2 1