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ARTIGO O Gênero Aeschynomene L. (Leguminosae, Faboideae, Dalbergieae) Na Planície De Inundação Do Alto Rio Paraná, Brasil1

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ARTIGO O Gênero Aeschynomene L. (Leguminosae, Faboideae, Dalbergieae) Na Planície De Inundação Do Alto Rio Paraná, Brasil1 e B d io o c t i ê u t n i c t i s Revista Brasileira de Biociências a n s I Brazilian Journal of Biosciences U FRGS ISSN 1980-4849 (on-line) / 1679-2343 (print) ARTIGO O gênero Aeschynomene L. (Leguminosae, Faboideae, Dalbergieae) na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, Brasil1 Maria Conceição de Souza2*, Laíla Fadul Vianna3 e Kazue Kawakita4 e Silvia Teresinha Sfoggia Miotto5 Recebido: 28 de outubro de 2011 Recebido após revisão: 09 de março de 2012 Aceito: 02 de abril de 2012 Disponível on-line em http://www.ufrgs.br/seerbio/ojs/index.php/rbb/article/view/2082 RESUMO: (O gênero Aeschynomene L. (Leguminosae, Faboideae, Dalbergieae) na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, Brasil). Inventários da flora na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná têm demonstrado que a família Leguminosae, em especial a subfamília Faboideae, apresenta uma das mais elevadas riquezas florísticas. Este estudo apresenta o levantamento do gênero Aeschynomene L., para a referida planície, localizada nos estados de Mato Grosso do Sul e Paraná (22°38’–22°57’ S e 53°05’–53°36’ W), no bioma Mata Atlântica. O material botânico foi obtido por coletas e exame do acervo do Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (HUEM). Foram reconhecidas oito espécies: Aeschynomene americana L., A. brasiliana DC., A. denticulata Rudd, A. falcata (Poir.) DC., A. fluminensis Vell., A. histrix Poir, A. montevidensis Vogel e A. sensitiva Sw., distribuídas nas seções Aeschynomene e Ochopodium. Palavras-chave: Fabaceae, levantamento florístico, vegetação ripária, estado do Paraná, estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. ABSTRACT: (The genus Aeschynomene (Leguminosae, Faboideae, Dalbergieae) in the Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil). Floristic inventories in the Upper Paraná River floodplain shows the family Leguminosae, Faboideae in particular, with one of the highest richness floristic. This study presents a survey of the genusAeschynomene L., to this floodplain in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná (22°38’–22°57’ S and 53°05’–53°36’ W), in the Mata Atlântica Biome. The plant material was obtained by collection and examination of the Herbarium of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá (HUEM). They were recognized eight species: Aeschynomene americana L., A. brasiliana DC., A. denticulata Rudd, A. falcata (Poir.) DC., A. fluminensis Vell., A. histrix Poir, A. montevidensis Vogel and A. sensitiva Sw., and distributed in the sections Aeschy- nomene and Ochopodium. Key words: floristic inventory, riparian vegetation, Paraná state, Mato Grosso do Sul state. INTRODUÇÃO Pleuronerviae Rudd e Scopariae Rudd). A secção Aes- O gênero Aeschynomene L., circunscrito na família chynomene, segundo Rudd (1955), está representada Leguminosae, subfamíla Faboideae, tribo Dalbergieae por espécies predominantemente hidrófitas e, para a (Klitgaard & Lavin 2005), foi descrito por Linnaeus em bacia do Rio Paraná, são citadas diversas espécies anfí- 1753. Em 1859, Bentham reuniu, na Flora Brasilien- bias, da série Sensitivae. sis de Martius, 24 espécies, oito das quais novas para Para a Flora do Cone Sul (Fortunato et al. 2008) fo- a Ciência. Em 1938, Vogel apud Rudd (1955) propôs a ram listadas 24 espécies, sendo quatro endêmicas e uma divisão do gênero em duas secções: Eu-aeschynomene introduzida. Para o Brasil, além da Flora Brasiliensis L. e Ochopodium Vogel. Em 1955, Rudd realizou uma (Bentham 1859), foi realizado um levantamento mais revisão do gênero, renomeou a secção Eu-aeschynome- recente por Fernandes (1996), que listou 52 espécies e ne como Aeschynomene e estimou cerca de 350 espé- adicionou mais uma série (Sclerosae A. Fernandes) na cies, distribuídas nos trópicos e em locais relativamente secção Ochopodium. Na lista da Flora do Brasil (Lima mais quentes das zonas temperadas sendo que, para o & Oliveira 2010) foram citadas 49 espécies e 24 va- continente americano, foram listadas 160 espécies. Esta riedades. Para o estado da Bahia, Lewis (1987) listou autora (l.c.) apresentou, ainda, cinco séries, com 29 es- 22 espécies; para Minas Gerais destaca-se o estudo de pécies no total, para a secção Aeschynomene (Ameri- Brandão (1992), com 19 espécies; para o Rio Grande do canae Rudd, Fluminensis Rudd, Montevidensis Rudd, Sul, o de Oliveira (2002), com nove e, para Mato Gros- Sensitivae Rudd e Indicae Rudd) e três séries, com 45 so do Sul, o de Lima et al. (2006), com 19 espécies. espécies, para a secção Ochopodium (Viscidulae Rudd, Espécies de Aeschynomene são citadas como fixa- 1. Apoio PELD/CNPq-sítio 6. 2. Bolsista de Pós-doutorado da Fundação Araucária. Universidade Estadual de Maringá/CCB/DBI/Nupélia/Laboratório de Mata Ci- liar. Av. Colombo, 5790. CEP 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brasil. 3. Bolsista PIBIC/CNPq. Graduação em Ciências Biológicas/UEM - Nupélia/Laboratório de Mata Ciliar. Av. Colombo, 5790. CEP 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brasil. 4. Universidade Estadual de Maringá/Nupélia/Laboratório de Mata Ciliar. Av. Colombo, 5790. CEP 87020-900, Maringá, PR, Brasil. 5. Bolsista de Produtividade em Pesquisa CNPq. Professora Associada do Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Univer- sidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91570-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. R. bras. Bioci., Porto Alegre, v. 10, n. 2, p. 198-210, abr./jun. 2012 Aeschynomene no alto rio Paraná 199 doras de nitrogênio, apícolas, tóxicas para suínos, or- nas cheias e vazantes e alterado, assim, o regime de sa- namentais, forrageiras e para a fabricação de bóias de zonalidade (Agostinho et al. 2004, 2008). flutuação (Rudd 1955, Timm & Riet-Correa 1997, Pott Estudos sobre a vegetação ripária da PIARP têm sido et al. 2000, Ulibarri et al. 2002, Alves 2008). desenvolvidos sob diferentes aspectos como, por exem- O rio Paraná possui, em território brasileiro, 2.940 plo, taxonômicos (Romagnolo et al. 1994, Souza & km de extensão e nasce da junção dos rios Paranaíba e Souza 1998, Romagnolo & Souza 2004, 2006, Ferrucci Grande, na divisa entre os estados de Mato Grosso do & Souza 2008, Cabral et al. 2007), florísticos (Souza Sul, Minas Gerais e São Paulo. É o principal rio da Ba- & Monteiro 2005, Souza et al. 2009), fitossociológicos cia do rio da Prata e, também, um dos maiores do mun- (Campos et al. 2000, Romagnolo & Souza 2000) e su- do em descarga e área de drenagem, drenando desde os cessional (Kita & Souza 2003). Andes até a Serra do Mar, na Costa Atlântica. Esses estudos têm demonstrado que a família Legu- No seu alto curso, de uma planície com mais de 400 minosae reúne a maior riqueza florística, com 54 gêne- km de extensão resta um trecho restrito a 230 km, for- ros e 104 espécies que representam 13,4% do total de mado por uma rede de drenagem com canais secundá- espécies levantadas e, dentre suas subfamílias, Faboi- rios e afluentes, entre a Usina Hidrelétrica de Porto Pri- deae se destaca, com 59 espécies (Souza et al. 2009). mavera e o Reservatório de Itaipu, que está protegido O estudo do gênero Aeschynomene na PIARP está por três unidades de conservação, a Área de Proteção vinculado ao levantamento da família Leguminosae e Ambiental das Ilhas e Várzeas do Rio Paraná, o Parque da flora de maneira geral, que desde 1999 recebe apoio do CNPq, como parte dos estudos do Projeto Ecológico Nacional de Ilha Grande e o Parque Estadual do Rio Ivi- de Longa Duração (PELD/CNPq-sítio 6). nhema (Agostinho et al. 2008). Variações topográficas determinam ambientes com diferentes graus de umida- de, sendo que a margem esquerda, com relevo ondulado MATERIAL E MÉTODOS e barrancos com cerca de 15 m de altura, constitui área A área de estudo compreende a planície de inunda- mais seca enquanto que a margem direita, com baixios, ção do alto rio Paraná (PIARP), localizada no noroeste constitui propriamente a planície. do estado do Paraná e sudeste de Mato Grosso do Sul, Os pulsos de inundação são considerados como a 22°38’ - 22°57’ S e 53°05’ - 53°36’ W (Fig. 1). O clima principal função de força que regula a estrutura das co- da região é do tipo Cfa, segundo classificação de Koe- munidades e o funcionamento desse ecossistema. Os ppen; a precipitação anual é de 1400 a 1600 mm, sendo represamentos a montante da Planície de Inundação do o trimestre mais chuvoso, de dezembro a fevereiro e o Alto Rio Paraná (PIARP), principalmente o de Porto mais seco, de junho a agosto; a temperatura média anual Primavera (UHE Engenheiro Sérgio Motta), funcionan- é de 24 oC, o trimestre mais frio é de junho a agosto e do desde 1998, no entanto, têm provocado atenuações o mais quente, de dezembro a fevereiro, enquanto que, Figura 1. Localização da área de estudo. Planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná (PIARP), estados do Paraná e Mato Grosso do Sul. Crédito: Nupélia/UEM. R. bras. Bioci., Porto Alegre, v. 10, n. 2, p. 198-210, abr./jun. 2012 200 Miotto et al. a média anual de umidade relativa do ar é de 65 a 70% RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO (IAPAR 2008). Foram reconhecidas oito espécies de Aeschynomene A cobertura vegetal está inserida no bioma Mata circunscritas nas duas secções e em seis séries. A sec- Atlântica e na Região Fitoecológica da Floresta Esta- ção Aeschynomene está representada pelas espécies cional Semidecidual, com formações ripárias que vão Aeschynomene americana L. (série Americanae Rudd), desde as florestas até campos, secos ou inundáveis, sob A. denticulata Rudd (série Indicae), A. fluminensisVell. diferentes graus de perturbação antrópica e de regenera- (série Fluminensis), A. montevidensis Vogel (série Mon- ção (Souza et al. 2009). tevidensis) e A. sensitiva Sw. (série Sensitivae). Estas Coletas de material botânico e documentações espécies, com exceção de A. americana, ocorrem em fotográficas foram realizadas durante sete expedições à área, nos anos de 2008 a 2011, com duração média de áreas alagadas ou frequentemente alagáveis dos estados quatro dias cada uma e abrangendo todos os tipos de de Mato Grosso do Sul e Paraná.
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