DOCSLIB.ORG

Research Article Effect of Microwave Cooking on Quality of Riceberry Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Research Article Effect of Microwave Cooking on Quality of Riceberry Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Hindawi Journal of Food Quality Volume 2020, Article ID 4350274, 9 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4350274 Research Article Effect of Microwave Cooking on Quality of Riceberry Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Lyda Chin, Nantawan Therdthai , and Wannasawat Ratphitagsanti Department of Product Development, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, #ailand Correspondence should be addressed to Nantawan erdthai; [email protected] Received 9 October 2019; Revised 8 August 2020; Accepted 13 August 2020; Published 28 August 2020 Academic Editor: Mar´ıa B. Pe´rez-Gago Copyright © 2020 Lyda Chin et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Microwaves have been applied for cooking, warming, and thawing food for many years. Microwave heating differs from conventional heating and may cause variation in the food quality. is study determined the quality of Riceberry rice (Oryza sativa L.) after microwave cooking using various rice-to-water ratios at three power levels (360, 600, and 900 W). e texture of all microwave-cooked samples was in the range 162.35 ± 5.86 to 180.11 ± 7.17 N and was comparable to the conventionally cooked rice (162.03 N). e total phenolic content (TPC) and the antioxidant activity of the microwave-cooked rice were higher than those of the conventional-cooked rice. Microwave cooking appeared to keep the TPC in the range 241.15–246.89 mg GAE/100 g db and the antioxidant activities based on DPPH and ABTS assays in the ranges 134.24–137.15 and 302.80–311.85 mg·TE/100 g db, respectively. Microwave cooking also maintained similar contents of fiber, ash, and total starch to those from conventional cooking. e glycemic index (GI) for all freshly cooked rice samples was not significantly different, and the rice was classified as a high-GI food. Microwave cooking could be recommended as an alternative technique for rice cooking due to its rapid heating regime and the comparable quality and maximized TPC and antioxidant activity of the cooked rice. 1. Introduction commercial food products, as well as in dietary supplements, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals [3, 4]. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a vital staple food that is grown in To cook grains into a palatable, pleasant, and digestible many countries including ailand, which is known as one form, rice needs to be boiled or steamed to accomplish of the highest rice producers. ai rice has a great variety of suitable starch gelatinization and water absorption. Since colors, ranging from black or dark purple to ruby red, golden people in different countries have different preferences, the brown, and white. Regular consumption of some varieties cooking methods vary, resulting in two primary cooking containing high antioxidant activities can benefit human techniques. e first involves cooking in large amounts of health. Riceberry rice is a new crossbreed between Jao Hom water with subsequent drainage, commonly referred to the Nin rice and Jasmine rice 105. It is a pigmented rice which excess or the American method, while the other is based on has a deep purple whole grain with a unique aroma. Re- cooking the rinsed rice in a measured amount of water, cently, Riceberry rice has become popular for local con- commonly known as the Pilaf or the oriental method or the sumption due to its unique cooked grain characteristics such water-absorption method [5]. Europeans mostly prefer to as fluffy texture, flavor, nutritional value, and health-pro- cook rice in excess water, while Asians typically use a rice moting effects such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cooker with a limited amount of water. hyperlipidemic, and hypoglycemic [1, 2]. Due to its health- Tamura et al. [6] mentioned that eating quality was not enhancing substances, Riceberry rice has gained attention only affected by grain characteristics inherent in different from researchers and food manufacturers as a waste product cultivars, but was also related to cooking procedures such as (Riceberry bran) and as flour and whole grain. It has been the rice-to-water ratio and the cooking temperature. Over used for developing new, natural, and healthy food and time, many heating appliances have evolved including three- 2 Journal of Food Quality stone fires, electric cookers, microwave ovens, induction concentration of other antioxidant compounds after cook- cookers, and other high-tech appliances. Shinde et al. [7] ing. For this reason, cooking Riceberry rice using micro- reported 10–25% variation in the operation efficiency of waves could result in different profiles of anthocyanins, conventional cooking. Currently, more emphasis is placed phenolic compounds, and biological activity, compared with on energy conservation, being environmental friendly, and using an electric cooker. on hygienic production; thus, microwave heating has be- erefore, this study aimed to evaluate possible alter- come more attractive than traditional heating. Microwaves native cooking methods for Riceberry rice in a domestic are known to generate heat inside the penetrated medium microwave oven and the effect of microwave cooking on because of the induced molecular friction in an alternating antioxidant activities and qualities. e study outcomes electromagnetic field. e increased interest in microwaving would facilitate decisions on cooking rice to maximize its foods has been encouraged by its faster heating features, nutrient content for everyday consumption. lower energy consumption, convenience, and maintenance of nutritional integrity [8]. e Ca, K, Mg, P, and Zn 2. Materials and Methods contents of jalo and black bean species increased after do- mestic microwave cooking, while the contents of Cu, Fe, and 2.1. Materials and Chemical Reagents. e Riceberry rice S did not change [9]. e antioxidant activity of some used was a commercial product purchased from a local vegetables such as Momordica charantia and Moringa market in ailand and stored in a cool room until use. A oleifera could be also enhanced by microwave heating [10]. domestic microwave oven with a frequency of 2,450 MHz Microwaves are mostly used for drying, blanching, and (MP-94825S, LG Electronics Inc., Korea) and an electric pasteurization in food industries. e catering industry uses cooker (Model Sharp KSH-D06, Federal Electric Corp., Ltd, microwave ovens mainly for reheating preprepared products ailand) were used for this study. [11]. Recently, traditional thermal processing has been All chemical reagents consisting of gallic acid, replaced by microwave cooking due to the accelerated pace Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl associated with the modern lifestyle. (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-car- Conventional cooking using an electric cooker involves boxylic acid (Trolox), 2,2-azino-bis-3 ethylbenzothiazoline- heating as a combination of conduction (between the heater 6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS), methanol, and and the bottom of the container), convection (between the ethanol were of analytical grade and purchased from Sigma- liquid phase and the container), and convection (between Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). the water and rice grains). In contrast, microwave cooking generated heat by dipolar rotations and ionic interactions [5, 12, 13]. ese different heating mechanisms could affect 2.2. Sample Preparation and Rice Cooking. Cooked rice was the quality of the cooked food. For example, the firmness prepared in three steps, namely, washing, cooking, and and chewiness of steamed nonglutinous rice were higher warming. A classical cooking procedure for rice was chosen than those from boiling in an electric cooker. Interestingly, for the preliminary study. Rice grains were washed three the anthocyanins in pigmented rice decreased by around times (1 min each time) to eliminate all dirt on the grains. 80% after cooking in an electric cooker, whereas the phenolic Two different cooking methods were used: microwave compounds declined by 54% [4]. Ayimbila and Keawsom- cooking using a domestic microwave oven and conventional pong [1] demonstrated that the slow digestion of the starch cooking using an electric cooker. When the cooker auto- in Riceberry rice was accelerated depending on the cooking matically shifted to the warm setting, the rice was held for method. e differences in the starch fractions were at- 10 min at that setting according to the cooker manual, tributed to the processing conditions and variation in the whereas the rice was allowed to stand for 5 min after mi- amount of water, which played a crucial role in starch ge- crowave cooking. latinization and retrogradation mechanisms during cooking and storage. Besides, the hydrolysate of Riceberry rice sig- e experiment used a completely randomized design. nificantly enhanced the growth of probiotic strains during in ere were nine treatments involving either conventional vitro fermentation. cooking or microwave cooking. For conventional cooking, Chatthongpisut et al. [14] reported that the degradation 100 g of Riceberry rice grains were prepared in a cooker. pathway of anthocyanins under microwave heating was Rice-to-water ratios of 1 :1.8, 1 : 2.0, and 1 : 2.2 (w : v) were different from conventional heating, resulting in different preliminarily determined to obtain the optimal quality with degraded products. Although extremely high-temperature cooking times of 32 min, 34 min, and 37 min, respectively, treatment promoted the degradation of anthocyanins in ai and designated as EC1, EC2, and EC3, respectively. For purple rice, it generated phenolic compounds such as microwave cooking, 50 g of rice was placed in a microwave protocatechuic acid (PCA), vanillic acid, and ferulic that had rice-steaming container (Model Sistema 2.6 L, New Zealand) an antiproliferative effect on Caco-2 cells. After cooking, the with a limited water ratio. en, the rice-steaming container concentration of PCA significantly increased, approximately was placed on the center of the turntable plate in the mi- 1.21–3 times, compared with the raw rice.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Prodwrkshp 3.Qxd
    California Rice Production Workshop, v15 Variety Selection and Management Introduction and History Since its beginning in 1912, California’s rice industry limited its produc - tion and marketing largely to a few short and medium grain japonica varieties, developed from stocks originating in Japan and China. These varieties produced good yields of quality rice in the dry, temperate cli - mate of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys. For the grower, the choice of variety to plant was relatively simple because the few varieties available were similar in performance, yield potential and milling qual - ity when properly managed. Included were Colusa, Caloro and Calrose released in 1918, 1921 and 1948, respectively, and Earlirose, a productive, early maturing, proprietary variety, released in 1965 which soon became a popular variety for cold areas and/or late plantings. These were the major rice varieties grown in California until the early 1970’s. Then, the variety picture began to change significantly. A powerful impetus for this was the enactment of California Rice Research Marketing Order that established the California Rice Research Board in 1969. This grower initiative provided significant and regular funding to hasten development and release of new varieties. The medium grain variety CS-M3 was released in 1970 and the short grain variety CS-S4 in 1971, from rice hybridizations made in 1946 and 1957 at the Rice Experiment Station (RES) at Biggs, CA. CS-M3 gained wide acceptance and competed with the older Calrose for acreage. But, CS-S4, though an improvement over Caloro, was not widely grown because of its suscep - Publicly devel - tibility to low temperature induced sterility.
    [Show full text]
  • Specifications Guide Global Rice Latest Update: February 2021
    Specifications Guide Global Rice Latest update: February 2021 Definitions of the trading locations for which Platts publishes indexes or assessments 2 Asia 5 Europe, the Middle East and Africa 12 Americas 14 Revision history 18 www.spglobal.com/platts Specifications Guide Global Rice: February 2021 DEFINITIONS OF THE TRADING LOCATIONS FOR WHICH PLATTS PUBLISHES INDEXES OR ASSESSMENTS All the assessments listed here employ Platts Assessments Methodology, as published at https://www.spglobal.com/platts/plattscontent/_assets/_files/en/our-methodology/methodology- specifications/platts-assessments-methodology-guide.pdf. These guides are designed to give Platts subscribers as much information as possible about a wide range of methodology and specification questions. This guide is current at the time of publication. Platts may issue further updates and enhancements to this guide and will announce these to subscribers through its usual publications of record. Such updates will be included in the next version of this guide. Platts editorial staff and managers are available to provide guidance when assessment issues require clarification. The assessments listed in this guide reflect the prevailing market value of the specified product at the following times daily: Asia – 11:30 GMT / BST EMEA – 13:30 GMT / BST Americas – 23:59 GMT /BST on the day prior to publication Platts may take into account price information that varies from the specifications below. Where appropriate, contracts, offers and bids which vary from these specifications, will be normalized to the standards stated in this guide. All other terms when not in contradiction with the below as per London Rice Brokers’ Association Standard Contract Terms (September 1997), amended 1 November, 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemical Profiles of Black, Red, Brown, and White Rice from The
    Article pubs.acs.org/JAFC Phytochemical Profiles of Black, Red, Brown, and White Rice from the Camargue Region of France Gema Pereira-Caro,† Gerard Cros,‡ Takao Yokota,¶ and Alan Crozier*,† † Joseph Black Building, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom ‡ Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, CNRS UMR 5247 and UniversitéMontpellier 1 and 2, Institut des Biomoleculeś Max Mousseron, Facultéde Pharmacie, 15 avenue Charles Flahault, Montpellier 34093 cedex 05, France ¶ Department of Biosciences, Teikyo University, Utsunomiya 320-8551, Japan ABSTRACT: Secondary metabolites in black, red, brown, and white rice grown in the Camargue region of France were investigated using HPLC-PDA-MS2. The main compounds in black rice were anthocyanins (3.5 mg/g), with cyanidin 3-O- glucoside and peonidin 3-O-glucoside predominating, followed by flavones and flavonols (0.5 mg/g) and flavan-3-ols (0.3 mg/g), which comprised monomeric and oligomeric constituents. Significant quantities of γ-oryzanols, including 24-methylenecy- cloartenol, campesterol, cycloartenol, and β-sitosterol ferulates, were also detected along with lower levels of carotenoids (6.5 μg/ g). Red rice was characterized by a high amount of oligomeric procyanidins (0.2 mg/g), which accounted >60% of secondary metabolite content with carotenoids and γ-oryzanol comprising 26.7%, whereas flavones, flavonols and anthocyanins were <9%. Brown and white rice contained lower quantities of phytochemicals, in the form of flavones/flavonols (21−24 μg/g) and γ- oryzanol (12.3−8.2 μg/g), together with trace levels of the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin. Neither anthocyanins nor procyanidins were detected in brown and white rice.
    [Show full text]
  • Catlog 2020.Cdr
    www.theimperialimpex.com With a reputation built on the dependable, high quality of our merchandise and an uncompromising attention to detail, we are Exports "service-first" organization. Basmati & Non - Basmati Rice 1121 Steam Basmati Rice 1121 Golden Sella Basmati Rice 1121 White Sella Basmati Rice 1509 White Sella Basmati Rice 1509 Golden Sella Basmati Rice 1509 Steam Sella Basmati Rice Sugandha White Sella Basmati Rice Sugandha Golden Sella Basmati Rice Sugandha Steam Sella Basmati Rice Sharbati White Sella Basmati Rice Sharbati Golden Sella Basmati Rice Sharbati Steam Sella Basmati Rice Pusa Steam Basmati Rice Pusa Golden Basmati Rice Pusa White Sella Basmati Rice IR 64- 5% Broken Parboiles Rice IR 64- 5% Broken Raw Rice Parmal Rice 11 Raw PR 11 Rice Parmal Parboiled or PR 11 Parboiled Sona Masuri Rice 100% Broken Rice 1 1121 Steam Basmati Rice 1121 Steam Basmati Rice is the variety of long grain rice having seamless quality and exclusive prices. Processed on steaming, the offered 1121 Steam Basmati Rice is long, clean and takes very less time to cook. In Steaming process, steam passes through paddy grains, then at the time of drying and removing of Paddy layers, the Rice grain inside remain white however its surface becomes harder. Our impeccable lot of 1121 Basmati Steam Rice does not break upon cooking under standard conditions. Specifications Length: 8.3 mm Moisture: 12% Max Broken: 1% Max Purity: 95% Min Crop: The Latest Damage/ discolored: Nil Sortex: 100% Sortex Clean Well Milled and Polished 2 1121 Golden Sella Basmati Rice 1121 Golden Sella is another fine rice, liked mostly by biryani lovers all across the globe.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Preparation Method on Chemical Property of Different Thai Rice Variety
    Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 2019, Vol. 7, No. 3, 231-236 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/jfnr/7/3/8 Published by Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/jfnr-7-3-8 Effect of Preparation Method on Chemical Property of Different Thai Rice Variety Cahyuning Isnaini1, Pattavara Pathomrungsiyounggul2, Nattaya Konsue1,* 1Food Science and Technology Program, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand 2Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received January 15, 2019; Revised February 20, 2019; Accepted March 19, 2019 Abstract Improving benefits and reducing risk of staple food consumption are of interest among researchers nowadays. Rice is the major staple foods consumed in Asia. It has been reported that rice consumption has a positive association with the risk of chronic diseases. The effects of rice variety and preparation process on chemical characteristics of rice were investigated in the current study. Three Thai rice varieties, Khao Dok Mali 105 (KDML 105), Sao Hai (SH) and Riceberry (RB), underwent parboiling or non-parboiling as well as polishing or non- polishing prior to chemical property analysis. It was found that parboiling process possessed greater content of mineral as indicated by ash content as well as fiber and total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity when compared to non-parboiling treatments, whereas the reduction in amylose and TAC content, GI value and starch digestibility were observed in this sample. On the other hand, polishing process led to reduction in ash, amylose, fiber, TPC and TAC content and DPPH values.
    [Show full text]
  • Authentic Indian Basmati & Non-Basmati Rice
    Authentic Indian Basmati & Non-Basmati Rice N A H R I S I R C K E M E E I L R L H S S e company information Nature of Business : Manufacturer, Processor & Exporter l I Year of Establishment : 1998 Products : Basmati & Non Basmati Rice f Factory Address : Taraori - 132116, District - Karnal, Haryana (India) Production Line : 03 (Automatic) o Production Capacity : 5,000 Metric Tons Monthly r No. of Warehouse : 05 Warehouse Capacity : 25,000 Metric Tons p Annual Turnover : Rs. 125 Crore or US$ 15 million Approx. Export Percentage : 70-80% y : Europe, USA, Australia, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Main Overseas Market Yemen, Jordan, Lebanon, Egypt, Bahrain, Syria, n Russia, UAE : a Nearest Port Mundra Port, Gujarat (India) Ownership Type : Partnership p PAN : ABPFS2316B DGFT / IE Code : 3310001156 m GST No. : 06ABPFS2316B1ZG REX No. : INREX3310001156DG033 o USFDA No. : 16865402970 c n prepared with the use o of healthy as well as i natural paddy, we bring t forth a quality range a of Basmati Rice such as 1121 Long Grain Basmati Rice, Long Basmati Rice and Non Basmati Rice. At m our advanced production units, these products are thoroughly processed using hygienic techniques r that ensure to their optimum quality in terms of I freshness, nutritional value and purity. Further, f our production experts incorporate sound quality control measures in the process of manufacturing n so as to come up with an impeccable range of rice. o c y t i l a u q e We are strengthened by a state of the art r infrastructural setup which covers a large area of space.
    [Show full text]
  • Success Stories
    Success Stories: Wheat: Unnat PBW343 has been developed by PAU, Ludhiana through marker assisted backcross breeding by pyramiding two leaf rust and two stripe rust resistance genes Lr76-Yr70/Lr37-Yr17. Lr37- Yr17 along with a linked stem rust resistance gene Sr38 have been introgressed from Aegilops ventricosa on wheat chromosome 2AL. Linked pair of genes Lr76-Yr70 were introgressed from Aegilops umbellulata on wheat chromosome 5DS in the wheat wide hybridization programme at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Unnat PBW343 is also the first commercial product from PAU wide hybridization programme. This variety is an improved version of mega variety PBW343, has an average plant height of 100 cm. It is resistant to leaf rust and stripe rust. It matures in about 155 days and has an average grain yield of 23.2 quintals per acre. Rice:Development of Improved Basmati rice varieties with resistance to bacterial blight Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) with the financial support from Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science & Technology, GOI, under the project “Development of biotic stress resistant rice through marker assisted breeding. Dr. A.K. Singh has recently developed two bacterial blight resistant Basmati rice varieties namely, Pusa Basmati 1728 and Pusa Basmati 1718, which have been release by the Central Variety Release committee after testing in All India Coordinated Research Project. Of these, Pusa Basmati 1728 is a replacement of Pusa Basmati 1401 and Pusa Basmati 1718 is replacement of Pusa Basmati 1121, which are together grown on almost 1.40 million ha. area currently. Since, both varieties have been recently released, the area under cultivation is likely to pick up in years to come.
    [Show full text]
  • Internat Onal Journal of Agr Culture, Env Ronment and Food Sc Ences
    Internatonal Journal of Agrculture, Envronment and Food Scences JAEFS e-ISSN : 2618-5946 DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.18016 www.jaefs.com Research Article Int J Agric Environ Food Sci 2(3):99-103 (2018) Physicochemical properties and morphological observations of selected local rice varieties in northern Afghanistan Zubair Noori1,2,* Mohammad Wasif Mujadidi2,3 Mohammad Wasif Amin4 1The College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan 2Kunduz Agriculture Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation, and Livestock of Afghanistan 3Faculty of Agriculture, Kandahar University (KU), Kandahar City, Afghanistan 4Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract In this study, milled rice (Oryza sativa L.) samples of local varieties (Sarda Barah, Garma Barah, Surkha Zurahti and Shah Lawangi) were procured from Kunduz province, Afghanistan and check varieties (Koshihikari and Super Basmati) from Japan. We conducted the research in the Laboratory of Crop Science of Ibaraki University, Japan during February in 2018, to clarify the physicochemical and morphological traits on different local rice varieties. The results demonstrated that local rice varieties (Sarda Barah, Garma Barah, Surkha Zurahti and Shah Lawangi) from Afghanistan including Super Basmati (Check) with long and slender grains, associated with significantly higher grain amylose and protein contents of 22.9 and 8.1%, respectively, which created in declined taste points. While, Koshihikari with short and medium grain types demonstrated the lowest grain amylose and protein contents of 17.7 and 5.5%, respectively, which amplified grain taste point. The micrographs observations revealed that there were no obvious alterations in the endosperm of translucent grains across varieties.
    [Show full text]
  • Degruyter Revac Revac-2021-0137 272..292 ++
    Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 2021; 40: 272–292 Review Article Vinita Ramtekey*, Susmita Cherukuri, Kaushalkumar Gunvantray Modha, Ashutosh Kumar*, Udaya Bhaskar Kethineni, Govind Pal, Arvind Nath Singh, and Sanjay Kumar Extraction, characterization, quantification, and application of volatile aromatic compounds from Asian rice cultivars https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2021-0137 crop and deposits during seed maturation. So far, litera- received December 31, 2020; accepted May 30, 2021 ture has been focused on reporting about aromatic com- Abstract: Rice is the main staple food after wheat for pounds in rice but its extraction, characterization, and fi more than half of the world’s population in Asia. Apart quanti cation using analytical techniques are limited. from carbohydrate source, rice is gaining significant Hence, in the present review, extraction, characterization, - interest in terms of functional foods owing to the presence and application of aromatic compound have been eluci of aromatic compounds that impart health benefits by dated. These VACs can give a new way to food processing fl - lowering glycemic index and rich availability of dietary and beverage industry as bio avor and bioaroma com fibers. The demand for aromatic rice especially basmati pounds that enhance value addition of beverages, food, - rice is expanding in local and global markets as aroma is and fermented products such as gluten free rice breads. considered as the best quality and desirable trait among Furthermore, owing to their nutritional values these VACs fi consumers. There are more than 500 volatile aromatic com- can be used in bioforti cation that ultimately addresses the pounds (VACs) vouched for excellent aroma and flavor in food nutrition security.
    [Show full text]
  • Basmati Rice Looking for More Than a Grain of Truth There Is Rice and More Rice, and There Is Basmati
    Comparative Test Basmati Rice Looking for more than a grain of truth There is rice and more rice, and there is basmati. Some would say eating basmati rice is a complete sensual experience. There is appetite-inducing aroma, visual appeal, great taste, and an utter and inexplicable sense of fulfilment. And no, you won’t call this exaggeration. As they say, the proof of the basmati is in the eating – or, shall we say that the proof is in the grain? After all, basmati rice is essentially about its long grains and the magic they stir up. However, all grains are not made equal. As the following report will tell you, there can be all sorts of flaws with grains. There is a minimum precooked and post-cooking grain length that determines the quality of the rice. One may also have to contend with broken and fragments grains, damaged/discoloured grains, etc. In an inferior product, there may be red-striped grains, green grains, chalky grains, and so on. Then there are safety concerns of course, mainly relating to possible contamination by heavy metals and presence of pesticide residues. Keeping the relevant standards as reference point, we tested 12 leading brands of basmati rice on the above-mentioned parameters as well as other key quality determinants. A Consumer Voice Report crucial aspect of the test programme was checked for presence of broken and fragments grains, DNA analysis of the samples to detect damaged/discoloured grains, chalky grains, green grains, any adulteration with non-basmati rice. other grains, moisture, uric acid, aflatoxins and foreign Other key parameters included grain matter (such as dust and stones).
    [Show full text]
  • Riceice Cooking Instructions for Preparing the Varieties of Rice Found in the Good Food Store Bulk Department
    HHowow toto PPreparerepare BulkBulk RRiceice Cooking instructions for preparing the varieties of rice found in the Good Food Store bulk department. One cup of raw rice yields approximately 3 cups cooked. (Updated 06-December-2019) AArboriorborio RRiceice FForbiddenorbidden BlackBlack RRiceice Codes 1250, 1273 Code 1255 Boil 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 cups water and pinch of Boil 1 3/4 cups water and pinch of salt. salt. Add 1 cup rice. Cover, reduce heat Add 1 cup forbidden black rice. Cover, and simmer 45 minutes. reduce heat and simmer for 30 minutes. Remove from heat. BBasmatiasmati RRice,ice, BBrownrown Codes 1251, 1252 GGoldenolden RRose®ose BBrownrown RRiceice Rinse 1 cup rice. Bring 2 cups water to Code 1259 boil. Add rice. Return to boil, cover, Boil 2 cups water and pinch of salt. Add reduce heat and simmer for 50 minutes. 1 cup Golden Rose® rice. Cover, reduce Remove from heat and let sit, covered, for heat and simmer for 50 minutes. Remove 10 minutes. Fluff with a fork and serve. from heat and let sit, covered, for 10 minutes. Fluff with a fork and serve.. BBasmatiasmati RRice,ice, WWhitehite Codes 1254, 1256 HHarvestarvest PPilafilaf Rinse 1 cup rice. Boil 1 1/2 cups water and Code 1263 pinch of salt. Add rice. Cover, reduce Add 1 cup pilaf to 2 1/2 cups water. Bring heat and simmer 20 minutes. Remove to boil, reduce heat, cover and simmer 50 from heat and let sit, covered, for 10 minutes. minutes. Fluff with a fork and serve. JJadeade PPearlearl RRiceice CCalrosealrose MediumMedium WWhitehite RRiceice Code 1268 Code 1253 Rinse 1 cup rice.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Problems Faced by Paddy Cultivators in Salem District
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 03, MARCH 2020 ISSN 2277-8616 A Study On Problems Faced By Paddy Cultivators In Salem District Dr.M.Suguna, M.Jayanthi Abstract— Agriculture sector plays a vital role in Indian economy and it is the back bone of our country. India is endowed with land and water resources with conductive agro-climatic advantages for cultivation of paddy. Paddy is mainly grown in rain fed areas which receives heavy annual rainfall; it is primarily a kharif crop in India. Paddy is the important food crop in India; importance of paddy in agricultural crops cannot be ignored as it is the staple food for more than fifty percentage of population in the world. This study examines to identify the factors influencing paddy cultivation, to determine cultivating problems and marketing problems of paddy in the district of Salem in Tamil Nadu. Pre-scheduled interview questionnaire is prepared and circulated among the 84 respondents using convenient sampling. The results were obtained by application of statistical tools like percentage analysis and one sample t-test. Keywords—Agricultural sector, Cultivation problems, Indian economy, Marketing problems, Paddy production. ———————————————————— 1 INTRODUCTION Thalaivasal and Attur are the major concentration of paddy The Agricultural sector in India still contributes to the overall and high paddy concentrations of paddy and high paddy Attur, growth of the economy and provides livelihood and food Thalaivasal and Sankagiri. Many agricultural products security to a majority of the population. Monitoring the rice produced from Salem, a wide spread marketing throughout the market is a critical task considering more than half of the country.
    [Show full text]