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Download Article (PDF) Advances in Biological Sciences Research, volume 9 Joint proceedings of the 2nd and the 3rd International Conference on Food Security Innovation (ICFSI 2018-2019) The Role of Rice, Corn, and Soybean Farmers Households in Banten Province: Gender Perspective *Asih Mulyaningsih Department of Agribusiness Faculty of Agriculture of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Banten, Indonesia Jl. Raya Jakarta Km 04, Pakupatan Serang 42118, Indonesia *Email: [email protected] Aida Vitayala S Hubeis Dwi Sadono Djoko Susanto Department of Communication Science and Community Development, Faculty of Human Ecology, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Kamper Campus IPB Bogor 16680, Indonesia Email: [email protected] Abstract - Indonesia is an agricultural country, so the people problems, aspirations, experiences, roles, and responsibilities mostly work as farming. Development of farmers in rural areas and their impact on all development actors. does not recognize gender status, all of them in the household also Division of work in agriculture, generally men perform work to fulfill their daily needs.This research uses quantitative heavy tasks physically such as: plowing and harvesting and methods which are strengthened by qualitative data. The data transporting crops. Whereas women do less heavy work [16]. used is secondary data, namely a survey, which combines quantitative data and interviews to gather information for In the traditional division of labor, occupy men as heads of qualitative data needs. This study uses a survey method. Research households responsible for management and sales. In addition sites in Lebak and Pandeglang. There are differences in Pajele to socio-cultural construction, from several descriptions and farming periods for female farmers and male farmers in Lebak theories that exist, in the pattern of division of labor there is and Pandeglang districts. The productivity of activities means also an influence of gender stereotypes [15,17]. This can be that women have more time to cultivate crops than men seen from the description which generally reveals that women Keywords: Role Rice, Corn, Soybean, Farmers, Gender are only suitable to work at home and not outside the home. Men are breadwinners. Women are more in line with the work I. INTRODUCTION of caring for and nurturing while men are more capable with work that requires a lot of energy. The pattern of division of Plantations are one of the agricultural sub-sectors that the labor is usually based on activities that make money, maintain agricultural sector plays an important role in development. The and care for family, social interaction, religion, rituals, parties, important role of the agricultural sector makes agricultural and political activities related to decision making [10]. development a priority in every step of development. Although Hubeis defines the role of gender (gender role) as the role the contribution of the agricultural sector is only around 30 of women or the role of men which is applied in the real form percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GRDP), it is seen according to local culture adopted and accepted [2]. This from the aspect of employment reaching more than 50 percent. definition shows that gender roles in an area will be different Therefore, despite the relative contribution of the agricultural from other gender roles in accordance with the characteristics sector to the formation of low gross domestic product (GDP), of the region. Although gender roles in each region are the role of this sector is very strategic in achieving sustainable different, this role can be classified into several types development goals (SDGs). Sustainable development goals universally. Moser proposes three types of gender roles, (SDGs) place the community as the center of development, namely reproductive roles, productive roles, and social (social) meaning that the community becomes the final destination, as roles [5]. Previous studies proved that development programs well as active actors. To support the development of the and development resources were aimed more at men [1,11]. agricultural sector, a thematic program is needed as an activity This research was conducted to complement previous studies, that directly implies growth in the agricultural sector, which is namely the role of rice, corn, and soybean farming households contained in the direction of agricultural development policy in Banten Province: a gender perspective. From the formula, for 2015-2019. Thematic programs related to the agricultural the purpose of this study was to analyze the outpouring of sector include gender mainstreaming (PUG). Gender household labor of rice, corn, and soybean farmers (Pajale) mainstreaming leads to aspects of gender equality and justice and analyze gender roles in Pajale farmer households. of farmers (men and women), taking into account the needs, System of patterns of division of labor in the household that seems very unbalanced seen from outside the household Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press B.V. 21 This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. Advances in Biological Sciences Research, volume 9 situation, may be seen as fair and balanced by both men and Household members in this study consisted of husbands and women in the situation, because they accept and adjust wives who did work outflows to get income that would be used themselves against normative expectations to act according to for food and non-food consumption for households as a whole. gender in the household [3,9]. Added that the pattern of The allocation of work time for household members in farming division of labor in several countries is often related to trust is the amount of working hours devoted to farming activities. and socio-culturally constructed within the community and this Farming activities include activities in agriculture or the also occurs in rural and farming communities, for example management of Pajale farming. Work outposts of Pajale women who work as farmers cannot obtain seeds, credit or farmer household members in Pandeglang districts on farming extension services about agricultural information because activities are presented. Outpouring of work time is the women are not heads of households [15]. number of hours worked by female farmers and male farmers on Pajale farming. From Table 1, it can be seen that the average working time allocation of Pajale farmers 'households in Pandeglang Regency to male farmers and female farmers II. RESEARCH METHODS has a different amount of work time in productive, This study uses a quantitative research approach, reproductive, social, leisure and Pajale farmers' breaks in 24 strengthened by qualitative data. The social research with hours. survey methods has developed in quantitative and qualitative research in a community [6]. Research on male and female Table 1. Comparison of the time allocation of Pajale farmers farmers' communities with the Pajale farming business in various 24-hours activities in Pandeglang Regency 2017 combines aspects of quantitative data and interviews to explore information in depth for qualitative data. This study Pandeglang Regency uses a survey method. This study was designed with a No Activities Male Female Working % Working % quantitative research approach, supported by qualitative data. hours hours both types of data in this study are equivalent and used to complement each other [4,6,12]. The data collection at the 1 Produktive 7.89 32.88 7.19 29.96 research location was carried out within a period of 3 (three) 2 Reproduktive 0.76 3.17 4.83 20.13 months, starting from April to june 2017. The study was 3 Social 1.36 5.67 3.55 14.79 conducted in Pandeglang and Lebak Regencies, Banten 4 Free time 6.10 25.41 1.45 6.04 Province. The research location was chosen deliberately with 5 Break 7.89 32.87 6.98 29.08 the consideration that Pandeglang and Lebak Regencies were the centers of rice, corn and soybean plants in Banten Total 24.00 100 24.00 100 Province. Of the two districts of Pajale plants, three sub- districts were selected from each district. Selected sub-district In the productive activities of male farmers are more of Pandeglang Regency, namely Munjul district for rice plant productive than female farmers, but in the reproductive centers, Sobang district for soybean plant centers, and activities of female farmers are higher than female farmers, as Panimbang Sub- district for corn plant centers. Selected sub- well as in social activities, female farmers are higher than male districts of Lebak regency are: Cipanas district for rice plant farmers. The free time and rest time that female farmers have centers, Gunung Kencana district for corn plant centers, and is less than free time and rest time that is owned by male Leuwidamar district for soybean plant centers. In this study, farmers. In Table 2 it can be seen that the work of Pajale samples taken were 216 farmer households (husband and women and men farmers in Lebak Regency within 24 hours in wife). Data is collected and processed descriptively their activities is managing the Pajale farm. (percentage). The type of data in this study includes primary data and secondary data. Primary data in this study were obtained directly from respondents through structured interviews using questionnaires and in-depth interviews, using question guidelines with a number of selected respondents (informants). III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Outpouring of Pajale Farmers' Household
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