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5 Steps to Determinism 11 PROFINET in Automotive Part 2 Hunter Harrington PROFINET Consulting Eng PROFI Interface Center Agenda 2 Why PROFINET? Industrial Ethernet PROFINET Industrial protocol and design Environment Automation Requirements What is PROFINET? Minute PROFINET intro Determinism with PROFINET Unique Features Diagnostics, Network mgmt, Proxies, Shared and I-Device, Fast startup Application profiles PROFIenergy, PROFIsafe Network installation Installation,Topologies, Redundancy www.us.profinet.com Agenda 3 Why PROFINET? Industrial Ethernet PROFINET Industrial protocol and design Environment Automation Requirements What is PROFINET? Minute PROFINET intro Determinism with PROFINET Unique Features Diagnostics, Network mgmt, Proxies, Shared and I-Device, Fast startup Application profiles PROFIenergy, PROFIsafe Network installation Installation,Topologies, Redundancy www.us.profinet.com Why (PROFINET)? 4 Why are we here? Or Rather, Why are we here talking about Ethernet, TCP/IP and now PROFINET? Ethernet has been out since the 70‟s and TCP/IP shortly after! TCP/IP was not designed with automation and control in mind, Ethernet was, but doesn‟t provide the entire solution PROFINET was designed from the ground up with advanced Industrial Ethernet Automation capabilities To cover weaknesses for automation in existing protocols (ex: TCP/IP, client / server model, timeouts, determinism, smaller vs larger packets, etc..) www.us.profinet.com Industrial Ethernet Requirement: Environment 5 Office Area Production and Field Areas Moderate Temperatures Extreme temperatures Low Dust burden High dust burden No moisture Moisture possible Virtually no vibrations Vibrating Machines Low EMC burden High EMC burden Low mechanical danger Danger of mechanical damage Low UV radiation UV burden in outer area Virtually no chemical danger Chemical burden from oily or aggressive atmospheres www.us.profinet.com Industrial Ethernet Requirements 6 Speed Microseconds to over 100 milliseconds Determinism (repeatable message delivery) Jitter from <1microsecond to 10 milliseconds Standard Factory Motion Control Communication Automation Application 100ms+ 10ms+ 1-10ms <1ms <1ms <1µs TCP/IP Real-Time IRT www.us.profinet.com Shielded vs. Unshielded 7 Reference measurement Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) vs. 800 692 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) 700 600 Data transfer rate: 100 Mbit/s 500 Bus load 81% 400 300 200 180 Packet length: 346 bytes 200 Duration: 30 s 100 10 0 Number of faulty Number of packets faulty Result 2 kV 2,5 KV An UTP cable is totally unsuitable Noise voltage for noisy environment Shielded TP UTP Cord Even noise voltages of 1 kV can lead to a breakdown in communication Shielding has nothing to do with the protocol! It’s all about your environment www.us.profinet.com Shielding 8 TCP/IP has methods in place to resend telegrams when lost But the timing is not acceptable for industrial use! There is no such thing as a protocol protection against noise The need for shielding is independent of the protocol used PROFINET Installation Guideline has details If you used shielded cable with DeviceNet or PROFIBUS use shielded cable with Industrial Ethernet as well! www.us.profinet.com Agenda 9 Why PROFINET? Industrial Ethernet PROFINET Industrial protocol and design Environment Automation Requirements What is PROFINET? Minute PROFINET intro Determinism with PROFINET Unique Features Diagnostics, Network mgmt, Proxies, Shared and I-Device, Fast startup Application profiles PROFIenergy, PROFIsafe Network installation Installation,Topologies, Redundancy www.us.profinet.com What is PROFINET? (got a minute?) 10 Some short one minute videos to help us get started www.us.profinet.com 5 steps to determinism 11 Switch Port1 Port2 Port4 Port1 Controller Port2 Port1 Port1 Fast ForwardingPort1 31.25µsec DFP Fragmentation Motion Control DeviceScheduling x Device y Device z (IRT) IRT Bandwidth Standard channel High Speed IO Reservation channel (IRT) Cycle 1 Real-time Layer 2 (RT) HTTP PROFINET SNMP … Standard 1 2 data 3 time time TCP/UDP - - Isochr. Real Configuration TCP/IP Real IP TCP/IP RT/RT IRT IRT = Isochronous Real-time DFP = Dynamic Frame Packing Ethernet www.us.profinet.com PROFINET and TCP/IP 12 PROFINET DOES NOT USE STANDARD TCP/IP PROFINET uses TCP/IP where it makes sense: Diagnostics Non time critical data Communicating with higher level IT systems PROFINET real-time coexists with TCP/IP without restrictions 31.25µsec Scheduling Bandwidth Real-Time TCP/IP www.us.profinet.com Why not use TCP/IP for real-time? 13 Because it‟s not fast enough and it‟s not deterministic enough. Here‟s why: T1 T5 Server Client Data T2 TCP/IP TCP/IP T4 Suite Suite T3 Ethernet Ethernet UNWELCOME DELAYS 31.25µsec Scheduling Bandwidth Real-Time TCP/IP www.us.profinet.com Ethernet doesn‟t cause delays 14 100m 100m Switched 100Mbps 64-byte Ethernet packet Propagation Node A Node B 0.5 Transmission 5.12 Node time Switch latency Network 330 10 Transmission 5.12 Propagation 0.5 All times in µs Source: University of Michigan, Industrial Ethernet Book, 31.25µsec “Performance Metrics for Industrial Ethernet” Scheduling Bandwidth Real-Time TCP/IP www.us.profinet.com PROFINET RT (Real Time) 15 The device determines which path the telegram takes Ethernet Frame InterFrame Pre- Sync MAC MAC EtherVLAN- Ether- Frame Cycle Data- Trans FCS Data Gap amble type type ID Counter Status Status 12 Byte 7 Byte 1 Byte 6 Byte 6 Byte 2 Byte2 Byte 2 Byte 2 Byte 40*…1440 Bytes 2 Byte 1 Byte 1 Byte 4 Byte RT Data Ethertype (type of protocol): Ethertype (PN): 0x8892 Ethertype (IP): 0x0800 EtherType (ARP): 0x0806 EtherType (IPV6): 0x86DD … HTTP SNMP Socket PROFINET TCP / UDP time - IEEE EtherType IEEE EtherType 0x0800 IP Real 0x8892 31.25µsec Ethernet InterFrame Pre- Sync MAC MAC Ether- VLAN Ether- Frame Data Cycle Data- Trans FCS Scheduling Gap ambel type type ID Counter Status Status 12 Byte 7 Byte 1 Byte 6 Byte 6 Byte 2 Byte 2 Byte 2 Byte 2 Byte 40*…1440 Bytes 2 Byte 1 Byte 1 Byte 4 Byte Bandwidth Real-Time TCP/IP www.us.profinet.com When you try to use all layers… 16 Industriale.g. Industrial Application WEB SNMP Socket Application WEB SNMP Socket PROFINET Layer EtherNet/IPProtocols Layer Protocols Transport Layer TCP / UDP Transport Layer TCP / UDP Internet Layer IP Internet Layer IP Network Access Network Access Layer Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Layer Ethernet IEEE 802.3 31.25µsec Scheduling Bandwidth Real-Time PROFINET is the enabling factor to achieve www.us.profinet.com TCP/IP speed and determinism When you try to use all layers… 17 Industriale.g. Industrial Application WEB SNMP Socket Application WEB SNMP Socket PROFINET Layer EtherNet/IPProtocols Layer Protocols Transport Layer TCP / UDP Transport Layer TCP / UDP Internet Layer IP Internet Layer IP Network Access Network Access Layer Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Layer Ethernet IEEE 802.3 16 ms Less than 100µs 8 ms Jitter Source: University of Michigan, Industrial Ethernet Book, 31.25µsec “Performance Metrics for Industrial Ethernet” Scheduling Bandwidth Real-Time PROFINET is the enabling factor to achieve www.us.profinet.com TCP/IP speed and determinism Bandwidth Reservation for PROFINET IRT 18 IRT = Isochronous Real Time Communication system scheduling Exact cycle synchronization Separate time domains for Real-time and non-Real-time IRT IRT IRT Standard channel Standard channel channel channel channel Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle n e.g. 1 ms position controller clock cycle Synchro- Isochronous (IRT) Real-time (RT) Open standard nization Data Data communication IRT-Data RT - Data TCP/IP-Data 31.25µsec Scheduling Bandwidth Real-Time TCP/IP www.us.profinet.com Scheduling for PROFINET IRT 19 Every IRT device knows, when data arrives and where to send it Switch schedule Rec. Dest. Arrive Frame Departure port port 1 t1 1 t1+∆t 4 1 t2 2 t2+∆t 4 1 t3 3 t3+∆t 2 2 - - - - Switch Port4 Port1 Port2 3*) - - - - Port1 4*) - - - - Frame Frame3 12 Frame 123 Controller Frame 1 Port2 Port1 Port1 Port1 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 *) 100% free for TCP/IP Device x Device y Device z 31.25µsec Scheduling Bandwidth Switch must be IRT-aware Real-Time TCP/IP www.us.profinet.com 31.25 microsecond cycle 20 31.25µsec Scheduling Bandwidth Real-Time TCP/IP www.us.profinet.com Summary 21 PROFINET achieves industry requirements for speed and determinism using standard Ethernet by using these 5 steps 1. Using TCP/IP where appropriate 2. Skipping it when necessary 3. Reserving bandwidth for higher performance 4. Scheduling traffic to ensure motion control needs 5. Fast Forwarding, Dynamic Frame Packing, and Fragmentation to achieve 31.25µsecond cycle times www.us.profinet.com Agenda 22 Why PROFINET? Industrial Ethernet PROFINET Industrial protocol and design Environment Automation Requirements What is PROFINET? Minute PROFINET intro Determinism with PROFINET Unique Features Diagnostics, Network mgmt, Proxies, Shared and I-Device, Fast startup Application profiles PROFIenergy, PROFIsafe Network installation Installation,Topologies, Redundancy www.us.profinet.com Unique PROFINET Functionalities for Automotive 23 B E N E F I T Function(s) Application PROFINET PROFINET device Diagnostics of PROFINET Maintenance and Diagnostics diagnostics supports devices diagnostics quick error localization IT Integration in Standard IT tools and Devices support LLDP, Network Management for PROFINET know how can be used HTTP (web server), SNMP configuration/diagnostics Topology Clear and simple Read the network topology Configuration, / presentation of network and monitor / Diagnostics and Redundancy status / Redundancy Redundant network documentation Simple
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