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Capa Graciosa I.Psd Governo dos Açores Ficha Técnica COORDENAÇÃO Ana Paula Marques – Secretária Regional do Ambiente e Mar Eduardo Carqueijeiro – Director Regional do Ambiente (até Setembro de 2006) Frederico Abecasis David Cardigos – Director Regional do Ambiente (a partir de Setembro de 2006) ACOMPANHAMENTO TÉCNICO Dália Leal Maria Pitta Grós AUTORES Rui Prieto Rogério Ferraz Sara Luís Susana Pereira João Carlos Nunes Victor Rui Dores CRÉDITOS FOTOGRÁFICOS SubZero – Gabinete de Estudos em Ambiente Marinho AGRADECIMENTOS Câmara Municipal de Santa Cruz da Graciosa Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas da Universidade dos Açores Direcção Regional das Pescas Direcção Regional do Turismo Ecoteca da Graciosa Helena Azevedo Isidro Manuel Paulino Costa Paulo Barcelos Pedro Raposo Candidatura da Ilha Graciosa - Programa “O Homem e a Biosfera” da UNESCO - i - Governo dos Açores - ii - Candidatura da Ilha Graciosa - Programa “O Homem e a Biosfera” da UNESCO Governo dos Açores Índice Parte I 1. Nome ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 2. País .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 3. Como a Reserva candidata cumpre as três funções de uma Reserva da Biosfera ................................................................. 1 3.1. Conservação …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 3.2. Desenvolvimento ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 3.3. Apoio logístico …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 4. Critérios para a designação da Reserva da Biosfera ............................................................................................................... 5 4.1. Incluir um mosaico de sistemas ecológicos representativos de regiões bio-geográficas, incluindo uma gradação de intervenção humana ……………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 4.2. Nomear e descrever a significância para a conservação da sua diversidade biológica ………………………………………………. 7 4.3. Comprovar e descrever a oportunidade que este local oferece para a demonstração e exploração de técnicas de desenvolvimento sustentável numa escala regional .......………………………………………………………………………………………. 7 4.4. Comprovar que o local tem área apropriada para a concretização das três funções acima descritas ......…………………….……. 8 4.5. Zonamento/descrição das áreas protegidas com estatuto legal ................................................................…………………….……. 9 4.6. Identificar e nomear medidas actuais e/ou planeadas para o envolvimento e participação de autoridades e entidades públicas, comunidades locais e entidades privadas, no planeamento e implementação das funções de Reserva da Biosfera ........................... 15 4.7. Mecanismos de implementação ................................................................................................................…………………….……. 16 5. Apoios ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 5.1. Assinatura da(s) autoridade(s) responsáveis pela gestão da(s) Zona(s) Núcleo ……………………………………………………… 18 5.2. Assinatura da(s) autoridade(s) responsáveis pela gestão da(s) Zona(s) Tampão ………………………………………………….… 18 5.3. Assinatura da(s) autoridade(s) nacional (país ou região) de administração responsáveis pela gestão da(s) Zona(s) Núcleo e Tampão …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………… 18 5.4. Assinatura da(s) autoridade(s), governo local eleito ou representante das comunidades localizadas na(s) Zona(s) de Transição 18 5.5. Assinatura em nome do Comité Nacional do MAB ………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 Parte II 6. Localização (Latitude e Longitude) .......................................................................................................................................... 19 7. Área .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 7.1. Dimensão da(s) Zona(s) Núcleo terrestre ………………………………………………………………………………………………..…. 19 7.2. Dimensão da(s) Zona(s) Núcleo marinha .………………………………………………………………...……………………………..…. 19 7.3. Dimensão da(s) Zona(s) Tampão ……………………………………………………….…………………………………………………… 19 7.4. Dimensão da(s) Zona(s) de Transição ….……………………………………………………………...…………………………………… 19 8. Região Biogeográfica .............................................................................................................................................................. 19 9. História da utilização de terrenos ............................................................................................................................................. 21 10. População da Reserva da Biosfera candidata ....................................................................................................................... 23 10.1. Zona(s) Núcleo ………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………..….. 23 10.2. Zona(s) Tampão …………………………….………………………………………….……………………………………………………. 23 10.3. Zona(s) de Transição …………………...……………………………………………………………...……………………………………. 23 10.4. Breve descrição das comunidades locais que residem dentro ou próximas da reserva da biosfera candidata (origens étnicas, composição, minorias…) ……………………...……………………………………………………………...……………………………………. 23 10.5. Nome da principal cidade mais próxima …...………………………………………………………...……………………………………. 23 10.6. Significância cultural ….................................………………………………………………………...……………………………………. 24 Candidatura da Ilha Graciosa - Programa “O Homem e a Biosfera” da UNESCO - iii - Governo dos Açores 11. Características físicas ............................................................................................................................................................ 30 11.1. Descrição geral das características do local e da topografia da área …………….………………………………………………..….. 30 11.2. Clima ………………………………………….………………………………………….……………………………………………………. 31 11.3. Geologia, geomorfologia, solos …………………...……………………………………………………………...…………………...…… 32 12. Características Biológicas ...................................................................................................................................................... 38 12.1. Zona(s) Núcleo ………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………..….. 38 12.2. Zona(s) Tampão …………………………….………………………………………….……………………………………………………. 48 13. Função de conservação ......................................................................................................................................................... 49 13.1. Contribuição para a conservação de paisagem e biodiversidade do ecossistema ………………………….……………………….. 49 13.2. Conservação da biodiversidade das espécies …..………………………………….……………………………………………………. 51 13.3. Conservação da biodiversidade genética …………………...……………....……………………...……………………………………. 56 14. Função de desenvolvimento .................................................................................................................................................. 58 14.1. Potencial para o desenvolvimento económico e humano sustentável a nível sócio – cultural e ecológico ……………………….. 58 14.2. No caso do turismo ser uma actividade importante …..…………………………….……………………………………………………. 60 14.3. Benefícios as actividades económicas para a população local …………………………………...……………………………………. 64 15. Função de Apoio Logístico ..................................................................................................................................................... 65 15.1. Investigação e monitorização ………………………………………………………………………………………………...…………….. 65 15.2. Educação ambiental e acções de sensibilização …..……………………………….……………………………………………………. 68 15.3. Formação especializada/profissional ………………………………………………………………...……………………………………. 70 15.4. Potencial para contribuição para a rede mundial de Reservas da Biosfera …………………………………………………………… 70 16. Utilizações e actividades ........................................................................................................................................................ 71 16.1. Zona(s) Núcleo ………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………..….. 71 16.2. Zona(s) Tampão …………………………….………………………………………….……………………………………………………. 72 16.3. Zona(s) de Transição …………………...……………………………………………………………...……………………………………. 74 17. Aspectos institucionais ........................................................................................................................................................... 74 17.1. Unidades administrativas estatais, de província, regionais ou outras ………………….…………………………………………..….. 74 17.2. Unidades da Reserva da Biosfera candidata ………………….…………………….……………………………………………………. 74 17.3. Regime de protecção da(s) Zonas(s) Núcleo e, se apropriado, da(s) Zona(s) Tampão …………………...………...……………… 75 17.4. Regulamentos ou acordos aplicáveis ao uso dos terrenos da(s) Zona(s) de Transição …………………...………...……………… 76 17.5. Propriedade dos terrenos de cada zona …………………………………………………….…………...……...………...……………… 76 17.6. Plano ou política de gestão e mecanismo de implementação ………………………………………...……...………...……………… 76 17.7. Fontes de financiamento e orçamento anual ………………………….………………………………...……...………...……………… 78 17.8. Autoridades encarregadas
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