2017 Teacher Preparation Program Feedback Report

KCEWS.KY.GOV

.. Introduction To The 2017 Teacher Preparation Feedback Report (TPFR)

Click the KCEWS logo for Technical Notes The Kentucky Teacher Preparation Feedback Report (TPFR) is produced for all in-state 4-year public and independent colleges and universities by the Kentucky Center for Education and Workforce Statistics (KCEWS), utilizing data from the Kentucky Longitudinal Data System (KLDS). The TPFR includes data in the KLDS – specifically data from the Education Professional Standards Board (EPSB) and the Kentucky Department of Education (KDE).

The TPFR answers the following questions: · Who are our future teachers?

· What initial certification programs are producing the most Program Completers?

· How are candidates progressing through their Teacher Preparation Programs?

· Do Program Completers continue to get a statement of eligibility and certification? · What are employment outcomes for Program Completers one year after completion?

· For Program Completers employed as a certified K-12 teacher one year after completion, where were they employed? · What are employment and retention rates for Program Completers?

Occasionally, data from one source will not conform to data from another source because of differences in candidate cohorts, how variables are defined, the treatment of missing data, and other factors. This means that data published in this report may not be comparable to data published in other reports. Values that are not available or are suppressed to preserve individual privacy are represented by the term “redacted”. Recent Teacher Candidate Admissions by Gender, Race/Ethnicity, Cohort Year - Institution:

Gender - State

Program Type Gender 2013 2014 2015 2016 Initial Undergraduate F 928 (79%) 1,410 (77%) 1,453 (80%) 1,392 (77%)

M 247 (21%) 412 (23%) 354 (20%) 405 (23%)

Initial Graduate F 547 (66%) 671 (65%) 705 (65%) 801 (65%) Institution M 281 (34%) 356 (35%) 380 (35%) 424 (35%) Gender - Institution: University of Kentucky Program Type Gender 2013 2014 2015 2016 Boyce College Initial Undergraduate F 123 (85%) 214 (81%) 171 (82%) 204 (79%) M 22 (15%) 50 (19%) 37 (18%) 55 (21%) Campbellsville University Initial Graduate F 48 (74%) 49 (70%) 43 (68%) 38 (56%) M 17 (26%) 21 (30%) 20 (32%) 30 (44%) Eastern Kentucky University Race/Ethnicity - State Kentucky Christian University Kentucky State University Program Type Race 2013 2014 2015 2016 Kentucky Initial Undergraduate All Other or Unknown Race/Ethnicities 34 (3%) 39 (2%) 41 (2%) 36 (2%) Asian, Non-Hispanic 12 (1%) Midway University Black, Non-Hispanic 30 (3%) 39 (2%) 48 (3%) 47 (3%) Morehead State University Hispanic or Latino, regardless of race 29 (2%) 39 (2%) 29 (2%) 51 (3%) White, Non-Hispanic 1,084 (92%) 1,708 (94%) 1,693 (93%) 1,651 (92%) Initial Graduate All Other or Unknown Race/Ethnicities 32 (4%) 29 (3%) 17 (2%) 34 (3%) Northern Kentucky University Asian, Non-Hispanic 12 (1%) 16 (1%) 15 (1%) Black, Non-Hispanic 37 (4%) 37 (4%) 46 (4%) 49 (4%) Thomas More College Hispanic or Latino, regardless of race 17 (2%) 28 (3%) 28 (3%) 23 (2%) White, Non-Hispanic 745 (90%) 923 (90%) 983 (90%) 1,106 (90%) Race/Ethnicity - Institution: University of Kentucky University of Kentucky Program Type Race 2013 2014 2015 2016 Initial Undergraduate All Other or Unknown Race/Ethnicities 12 (8%) 19 (7%) 25 (12%) 40 (15%) University of the Cumberlands White, Non-Hispanic 134 (92%) 245 (93%) 184 (88%) 219 (85%) Western Kentucky University Initial Graduate All Other or Unknown Race/Ethnicities 11 (17%) 67 (100%) 63 (100%) 10 (15%) White, Non-Hispanic 54 (83%) 58 (85%)

This page looks at recent program admissions in terms of gender and race. The cohort is defined by admission into a Teacher Preparation Program (TPP), as recorded by the EPSB, in the 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016 Academic Years. Individuals are counted only once per Education Preparation Provider (EPP) and Program Level (Initial Undergraduate or Initial Graduate), even if enrolled in multiple TPPs in the same year. Where possible, race/ethnicities with less than 10 individuals have been rolled into "All Other or Unknown Race/Ethnicities" in order to avoid redaction while maintaining data confidentiality and privacy. When "redacted" shows, N is less than 10. When blank, no data are present. Initial Certification Teacher Preparation Program Completions by Subject - Institution: University of Kentucky, Cohort: 2013

140 n o i t a c u d E 2013 y Cohort r a t

120 n e Institution m e l Alice Lloyd College E 107 Asbury University 100 Bellarmine University Berea College n e r Boyce College d l i

h Brescia University C

80 l a Campbellsville University s n o n i t Centre College o p i t e c

e Eastern Kentucky University x l E p Georgetown College

m 60 s 61 t o r s Kentucky Christian University c A C i

t

s f e n a Kentucky State University e g o o i i m

a t d e r u a

u Kentucky Wesleyan College h t c e g t u S n a b

l d e 40 a Lindsey Wilson College M a c L E i m h /

n t l c l h s c u e i a

o Midway University i a s e

i 36 s i c c l N e i S t i u g n S H n e Morehead State University

n h M l a g c E

a 29 a e m c 27 i u Murray State University u T 25 s

23 g y H n

20 &

h Northern Kentucky University a r & P

L e

s e t d Spalding University r l r r

a 13 A o

C Thomas More College 7 W 0 5 3 Transylvania University Union College University of Kentucky University of Louisville -20 University of Pikeville University of the Cumberlands Western Kentucky University -40

This page is intended to provide a brief overview of recent teacher preparation program completers from an Initial Certification program by subject, year of program completion and institution. This cohort is defined by successful program completion, as recorded by the Education Professional Standards Board (EPSB), in Academic Years 2013, 2014, 2015, or 2016. Initial Certification Teacher Preparation Program Completions by Subject - Institution: University of Kentucky, Cohort: 2014

180

160 n o i t a c u d E 2014 y

r Cohort

140 a t n e Institution m e l Alice Lloyd College E 120 122 Asbury University Bellarmine University Berea College 100 Boyce College n

e Brescia University r d l i Campbellsville University h s C n

l Centre College o a i t 80 n o e

i Eastern Kentucky University l t p p

e Georgetown College c m x o n E Kentucky Christian University o C i s t

60 t r f a 61 Kentucky State University A c o

u e r s d Kentucky Wesleyan College g e e E i a

t l i b s u s a

n Lindsey Wilson College e g i c c a m i i n d t n a u m u a

40 h Midway University t h L t u l / N c m S a h H e e e l

s

e Morehead State University g i h a T l & i t

a

H g c

a s & u l e c t

n o

i Murray State University c g a r r M s E S c n n e A i u e a e s i Northern Kentucky University r L y 20 M 22 c

a 21 21 20 h S d l C

P Spalding University 16 r 12 13 o 11 W Thomas More College 0 5 Transylvania University Union College University of Kentucky University of Louisville -20 University of Pikeville University of the Cumberlands Western Kentucky University -40

This page is intended to provide a brief overview of recent teacher preparation program completers from an Initial Certification program by subject, year of program completion and institution. This cohort is defined by successful program completion, as recorded by the Education Professional Standards Board (EPSB), in Academic Years 2013, 2014, 2015, or 2016. Initial Certification Teacher Preparation Program Completions by Subject - Institution: University of Kentucky, Cohort: 2015

160 n o i t a c u

140 d E 2015 y Cohort r a t n e Institution m e 120 l Alice Lloyd College E 115 Asbury University Bellarmine University 100 Berea College Boyce College Brescia University Campbellsville University s

n 80 Centre College o i t n

e Eastern Kentucky University e l r d p l i Georgetown College h m n C o

o l

i Kentucky Christian University

60 s t C t a a r

n f c

A Kentucky State University o

i u o t e

d p r g s E Kentucky Wesleyan College e

a e c l c i u t a x b g a c Lindsey Wilson College h i E n t m l m n

40 a a e h u s L Midway University e c / 39 h e s t c i N i e h H e a e d

i s s T l t i

i g Morehead State University u l u M a t n a g & c

M S i a u n r e l s Murray State University g c e E

m 27 y a n i n e u h

r 24 c a e

20 i Northern Kentucky University P H a o L

21 c

C S & d S l

r Spalding University

s 16 t o r 13 12 13

A W Thomas More College 0 5 5 Transylvania University Union College University of Kentucky University of Louisville -20 University of Pikeville University of the Cumberlands Western Kentucky University -40

This page is intended to provide a brief overview of recent teacher preparation program completers from an Initial Certification program by subject, year of program completion and institution. This cohort is defined by successful program completion, as recorded by the Education Professional Standards Board (EPSB), in Academic Years 2013, 2014, 2015, or 2016. Initial Certification Teacher Preparation Program Completions by Subject - Institution: University of Kentucky, Cohort: 2016

200 n o i t a

180 c u d E 2016 y

r Cohort a t

160 n e Institution m e l Alice Lloyd College E 140 143 Asbury University Bellarmine University Berea College 120 Boyce College Brescia University Campbellsville University s

n 100 Centre College o i t n e

e Eastern Kentucky University l r d p l i Georgetown College h

m 80 C o

l Kentucky Christian University a C

n n s f t

o Kentucky State University o i r i o t t

A p a

r

e Kentucky Wesleyan College c 60 e e c u g x b d a Lindsey Wilson College E u E

m s l g e s a n u i Midway University c c 49 a d i i s h N t t L u n l e / t i a e

40 t h a Morehead State University h i S g c m e

s e c n l i a i e l e c H a a s u

i g h T Murray State University n l t

u g c m n e a a i n & o u c E M

c i a r Northern Kentucky University M S H s S L e

y e 20 &

22 22 d h

r 20 20 l Spalding University r s a P

t 18 o r C

A Thomas More College 11 W 8 0 6 5 Transylvania University Union College University of Kentucky -20 University of Louisville University of Pikeville University of the Cumberlands -40 Western Kentucky University

-60

This page is intended to provide a brief overview of recent teacher preparation program completers from an Initial Certification program by subject, year of program completion and institution. This cohort is defined by successful program completion, as recorded by the Education Professional Standards Board (EPSB), in Academic Years 2013, 2014, 2015, or 2016. Teacher Preparation Program Progress- Institution: University of Kentucky, Initial Graduate, Cohort: All

Institution Program Cohort University of Kentucky Initial Graduate All

Program Exit Continue Program Completion

2011 Cohort

100% 17 Status Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 18% 2 13 17 t

r Program Exit There are three cohort years used in this report; 2011,

o (2%) (14%) (18%)

h 2012, and 2013. Each cohort year includes students who o 89 started a Teacher Preparation Program (TPP) in that C

f 50% 97% academic year, as reported by EPSB. TPPs are designed to o 71 89 12 4

67 77% Continue allow completion within three years. % 73% (97%) (13%) (4%)

0% Program 1 67 71 Completion (1%) (73%) (77%) Reasons For Program Exits Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 2012 Cohort 100% Status Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

7 11 12 t r Program Exit (7%) (10%) (11%) 12 o

h 34% o

C 95

f 50% 90% 87 92 95 8 2 o 82% 87% Continue (90%) (8%) (2%) %

Program 4 87 92 0% 21 Completion (4%) (82%) (87%) 60% Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 2 2013 Cohort 6% 100% Status Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

2 5 6 t

r Program Exit

o (3%) (8%) (9%) h o 62 Dropped Out Transferred C

58 f 50% 95% 54

o 62 6 1 83% 89% Continue Other

% (95%) (9%) (2%)

Program 1 54 58 This chart represents any candidate who began a TPP in 0% 2011, 2012, or 2013 and exited the program without Completion (2%) (83%) (89%) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 successful program completion at any time since entrance. Teacher Preparation Program Progress- Institution: University of Kentucky, Initial Undergraduate, Cohort: All

Institution Program Cohort University of Kentucky Initial Undergraduate All

Program Exit Continue Program Completion

2011 Cohort 100% Status Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

3 13 19 t

r 154 Program Exit There are three cohort years used in this report; 2011,

o (1%) (5%) (7%)

h 54% 2012, and 2013. Each cohort year includes students who o 269 started a Teacher Preparation Program (TPP) in that C

257 f 50% 94% academic year, as reported by EPSB. TPPs are designed to o 269 154 10

90% Continue allow completion within three years.

% (94%) (54%) (3%) 119 42% 0% Program 14 119 257 Completion (5%) (42%) (90%) Reasons For Program Exits Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 2012 Cohort 100% Status Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

9 30 34 t r Program Exit (2%) (7%) (8%) o

h 274 27 o 408 65% 39% C

f 50% 97% 339 408 274 48 o 81% Continue (97%) (65%) (11%) %

117 38 28% Program 4 117 339 54% 0% Completion (1%) (28%) (81%) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 2013 Cohort 5 7% 100% Status Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

4 13 17 t

r Program Exit

o (2%) (8%) (10%) h 124 o 164 Dropped Out Transferred C 73%

f 50% 97% 146

o 164 124 6 86% Continue Other

% (97%) (73%) (4%)

32 Program 1 32 146 This chart represents any candidate who began a TPP in 0% 19% 2011, 2012, or 2013 and exited the program without Completion (1%) (19%) (86%) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 successful program completion at any time since entrance. Program Completers Obtaining Statement of Eligibility and Certification by Cohort - Institution: University of Kentucky h s s t t l l s r e y s l i a c a r n n i / A e a t d & n e n e i

a o o

t h i i t c c a u e i r c o & e i t t i H t i s

r n

i t n e n g n s l a a l m s d S e p t l a e e c c

a h u a g i e i l r r e c c u u u m n c h h i m a a M A c i t e d d g e s u E S l C x c C a T n y E E H o E E a h M S L P

100% 97% 95% 100% 100% 93% 100% 100% 94% 100% 100% 100% 90% 92% 89% 89% 88% 88% 89% y 86% t

i 85% l i

b 80% 80% i Institution g

i 80%

l 75% 75%

E 72% Alice Lloyd College 71% f 70% o

t Asbury University

n 63% 64% e Bellarmine University m 60% e t Berea College a t S 47% Boyce College g n i

n Brescia University i

a 40% t

b Campbellsville University O

t Centre College n e

c Eastern Kentucky University r

e 20%

P Georgetown College Kentucky Christian University 0% Kentucky State University Kentucky Wesleyan College 100% 100% 100% 94% 100% 100% Lindsey Wilson College 89% Midway University 84% 83% 80% Morehead State University

n 80% 75% 76% 76% 75% o i Murray State University t 72% a c i 67% f 66% 66% Northern Kentucky University i 65% t 64% r 63% 62% e 60% 60% 58% 60% 60% Spalding University C

60%

g Thomas More College n i 50% n i Transylvania University a t 43% b Union College O

t 40% n 33% University of Kentucky e c r University of Louisville e 25% P University of Pikeville 20% University of the Cumberlands Western Kentucky University 0% 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

This page takes candidates documented as completing their (Initial Undergraduate) Teacher Preparation Program in 2012, 2013, or 2014 and shows the percentage of these completers who acquired at least one teaching certification. Program Completers One Year After Finishing Teacher Preparation Program - Institution: University of Kentucky, Cohort: 2011

Employed in the Education Field (Excluding Public K-12) 45

Cohort Year 2011

Institution Alice Lloyd College Asbury University Public K-12 Teachers in KY Bellarmine University 86 Berea College Boyce College Brescia University Campbellsville University Centre College Eastern Kentucky University Georgetown College Kentucky Christian University Kentucky State University Kentucky Wesleyan College Employed Outside of the Education Field Lindsey Wilson College 36 Midway University Morehead State University Murray State University Northern Kentucky University Spalding University Thomas More College Transylvania University Union College University of Kentucky Not Employed in Kentucky or Unemployed University of Louisville 42 University of Pikeville University of the Cumberlands Western Kentucky University

This page takes candidates documented as completing their (Initial Undergraduate) Teacher Preparation Program in 2011, 2012, 2013, or 2014 and displays employment field one year after program completion. For how classifications were determined, see the Technical Notes. Program Completers One Year After Finishing Teacher Preparation Program - Institution: University of Kentucky, Cohort: 2012

Employed in the Education Field (Excluding Public K-12) 33

Cohort Year 2012

Institution Alice Lloyd College Asbury University Public K-12 Teachers in KY Bellarmine University 82 Berea College Boyce College Brescia University Campbellsville University Centre College Employed Outside of the Education Field Eastern Kentucky University 33 Georgetown College Kentucky Christian University Kentucky State University Kentucky Wesleyan College Lindsey Wilson College Midway University Morehead State University Non-Teacher Certified Employees in Public K-12 Murray State University 2 Northern Kentucky University Spalding University Thomas More College Transylvania University Union College University of Kentucky Not Employed in Kentucky or Unemployed University of Louisville 46 University of Pikeville University of the Cumberlands Western Kentucky University

This page takes candidates documented as completing their (Initial Undergraduate) Teacher Preparation Program in 2011, 2012, 2013, or 2014 and displays employment field one year after program completion. For how classifications were determined, see the Technical Notes. Program Completers One Year After Finishing Teacher Preparation Program - Institution: University of Kentucky, Cohort: 2013

Employed in the Education Field (Excluding Public K-12) 54 Cohort Year 2013

Institution Alice Lloyd College Public K-12 Teachers in KY Asbury University 85 Bellarmine University Berea College Boyce College Brescia University Campbellsville University Centre College Eastern Kentucky University Georgetown College Kentucky Christian University Kentucky State University Kentucky Wesleyan College Lindsey Wilson College Midway University Employed Outside of the Education Field Morehead State University 36 Murray State University Northern Kentucky University Spalding University Thomas More College Transylvania University Union College University of Kentucky Not Employed in Kentucky or Unemployed University of Louisville 45 University of Pikeville University of the Cumberlands Western Kentucky University

This page takes candidates documented as completing their (Initial Undergraduate) Teacher Preparation Program in 2011, 2012, 2013, or 2014 and displays employment field one year after program completion. For how classifications were determined, see the Technical Notes. Program Completers One Year After Finishing Teacher Preparation Program - Institution: University of Kentucky, Cohort: 2014

Employed in the Education Field (Excluding Public K-12) 57 Cohort Year 2014

Institution Alice Lloyd College Public K-12 Teachers in KY Asbury University 95 Bellarmine University Berea College Boyce College Brescia University Campbellsville University Centre College Eastern Kentucky University Georgetown College Kentucky Christian University Kentucky State University Kentucky Wesleyan College Employed Outside of the Education Field Lindsey Wilson College 34 Midway University Morehead State University Murray State University Northern Kentucky University Spalding University Thomas More College Transylvania University Union College University of Kentucky Not Employed in Kentucky or Unemployed University of Louisville 57 University of Pikeville University of the Cumberlands Western Kentucky University

This page takes candidates documented as completing their (Initial Undergraduate) Teacher Preparation Program in 2011, 2012, 2013, or 2014 and displays employment field one year after program completion. For how classifications were determined, see the Technical Notes. School Districts Where Completers Gain Employment One Year Out- Institution: University of Kentucky, Cohort: 2011

Year Institution 2011 University of Kentucky

Kenton/Campbell Independents

Completer Employed Range 10 or more Completers Employed Fewer than 10 Completors Employed

Boyd/Greenup Independents

This takes Program Completers who got a Statement of Eligibility (SOE) in 2011, 2012, 2013, or 2014 and shows the location of their employment as a certified K-12 teacher the following year (2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 respectively). Using SOE helps ensure that program completers are first time teachers who completed an initial teacher preparation program (Undergraduate or Graduate level) from one of the EPPs in KY. School Districts Where Completers Gain Employment One Year Out- Institution: University of Kentucky, Cohort: 2012

Year Institution 2012 University of Kentucky

Kenton/Campbell Independents

Completer Employed Range 10 or more Completers Employed Fewer than 10 Completors Employed

Boyd/Greenup Independents

This takes Program Completers who got a Statement of Eligibility (SOE) in 2011, 2012, 2013, or 2014 and shows the location of their employment as a certified K-12 teacher the following year (2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 respectively). Using SOE helps ensure that program completers are first time teachers who completed an initial teacher preparation program (Undergraduate or Graduate level) from one of the EPPs in KY. School Districts Where Completers Gain Employment One Year Out- Institution: University of Kentucky, Cohort: 2013

Year Institution 2013 University of Kentucky

Kenton/Campbell Independents

Completer Employed Range 10 or more Completers Employed Fewer than 10 Completors Employed

Boyd/Greenup Independents

This takes Program Completers who got a Statement of Eligibility (SOE) in 2011, 2012, 2013, or 2014 and shows the location of their employment as a certified K-12 teacher the following year (2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 respectively). Using SOE helps ensure that program completers are first time teachers who completed an initial teacher preparation program (Undergraduate or Graduate level) from one of the EPPs in KY. School Districts Where Completers Gain Employment One Year Out- Institution: University of Kentucky, Cohort: 2014

Year Institution 2014 University of Kentucky

Kenton/Campbell Independents

Completer Employed Range 10 or more Completers Employed Fewer than 10 Completors Employed

Boyd/Greenup Independents

This takes Program Completers who got a Statement of Eligibility (SOE) in 2011, 2012, 2013, or 2014 and shows the location of their employment as a certified K-12 teacher the following year (2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015 respectively). Using SOE helps ensure that program completers are first time teachers who completed an initial teacher preparation program (Undergraduate or Graduate level) from one of the EPPs in KY. Employment and Retention By Cohort Year, Institution: University of Kentucky

Time-to-Employment as Certified Public K-12 Employees for Program Completers

Employed Within 1 Year Employed Within 2 Years Employed Within 3 Years Employed Within 4 Years Employed Within 5 Years 100% Cohort Year 70% 73% 71% 73% 72% 2009 2010 2011 d 67% 68% 68% 69% e 65% 66% y 62% o l 58% p 53% 55%

m Institution E

50% t Alice Lloyd College n e

c Asbury University r e Bellarmine University P Berea College Brescia University 0% Campbellsville University Centre College 9 0 1 9 0 1 9 0 1 9 0 1 9 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eastern Kentucky University 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Georgetown College This chart follows three cohorts across the five years following attainment of a Statement of Eligibility (SOE). The displayed percentage is a cumulative percentage showing the Kentucky Christian University portion of the cohort who found employment as a Certified Public K-12 Employee within a given time frame (within 1 year, within 2 years, within 3 years, etc.). This percentage Kentucky State University will stay the same or increase across the years. Kentucky Wesleyan College Lindsey Wilson College Retention of Completers Employed as Certified Public K-12 Employees Within OneYear Midway University Morehead State University Retained in Year 2 Retained in Year 3 Retained in Year 4 Retained in Year 5 Murray State University 100% 92% 90% 91% Northern Kentucky University 84% 83% 81% Spalding University 78% 80% 76% 76% d 73% Thomas More College

e 71% n

i Transylvania University a t

e Union College R

t 50% University of Kentucky n e

c University of Louisville r e University of Pikeville P University of the Cumberlands Western Kentucky University 0% 9 0 1 9 0 1 9 0 1 9 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

This chart displays retention information for those individuals employed as a certified public K-12 employee one year out. This subset of individuals is then followed longitudinally to see whether they retain consistent employment across the subsequent 4 years (continually employed through year 2, continually employed through year 3, etc.). If an individual is employed in Yr 1, they are followed for years 2 through 5 to see whether they maintained employment. If an individual is employed in year 2, and year 4 (but not year three), the individual would be included in ‘Retained in Year 2’, but not in any subsequent returning years.