6/22/2008
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) Biogeoch emi str y of W etl an ds Science and Applications
June 23 – 26, 2008 Gainesville, Florida
Wetland Biogeochemistry Laboratory Soil and Water Science Department University of Florida
Instructors: Mark Clark; Patrick Inglett; James Jawitz; Todd Osborne K. Ramesh Reddy 6/22/2008 WBL 1
Biogeochemistry of Wetlands Science and Applications Course Objectives
The objective of this course is to provide participants with the basic concepts involved in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, metals, and toxic organic compounds in wetlands and aquatic systems.
The Environmental and ecological significance of biogeochemical processes will be described in relation to elemental cycling, water quality, carbon sequestration, and global climate change
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1 6/22/2008
Biogeochemistry of Wetlands Science and Applications
Course Modules Course Modules Introduction Sulfur cycling processes Wetland types and communities Iron, manganese, and other Wetland hydrology metals Biogeochemical properties Toxic organic compounds Electrochemical properties Soil-water exchange processes Soil oxygen demand Biogeochemical indicators Adappptation of plants to wetland Novel processes and new tools soil anaerobiosis Carbon cycling processes Nitrogen cycling processes Phosphorus cycling processes
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Biogeochemistry of Wetlands Science and Applications
Lecture Outline Introduction for lecture topic Learning objectives Basic principles related to the topic Examples of current research Examples of applications to address real world problems Key points learned from the topic
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Biogeochemistry of Wetlands Science and Applications Learning Objectives
Define biogeochemical features of wetlands Define Hydrologic processes Understand the differences among different wetland soils Describe oxidation-reduction reactions in wetlands Understand the organic matter decomposition processes and long- term storage of nutrients and contaminants Determine the role of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycling processes in regulating water quality Understand the role of metals in regulating nutrient mobility and reactivity Define the role of exchange processes between soil and water column on water quality Identify key biogeochemical indicators for wetland assessment 6/22/2008 WBL 5
BIOGEOCHEMISTRY z The study of exchange or flux of materials between living and non-living components of the biosphere
G. E. Hutchinson (1944)
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BIOGEOCHEMISTS
Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky G. Evelyn Hutchinson 1863-1945 1901-1991
http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/lefa/Hutchinson.html http://www.answers.com/topic/biogeochemistry?cat=technology
Fertilizers, Animal wastes Biosolids, Wastewater
Uplands Sink/source
Wetlands Sink/source
Aquatic Systems Sink/source
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Biogeochemical Cycles – Organic Matter in a Wetland
N C P S
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Biogeochemistry of wetlands
Plant biomass P
Inflow Periphyton P Litterfall Outflow
. PIP DIP POP DOP DIP
PeatPeat DIP [Blaccretionac k BoxDIP ] DOP PIP DOP POP [Fe, Al or Ca- Adsorbed bound P] P
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OXYGEN NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS
Carbon
[Plant detritus, microbial biomass, and soil organic matter]
SULFUR METALS XENOBIOTICS
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Biogeochemical Processes
zCarbon zPhysical zNitrogen zChemical zPhosphorus zBiological zSulfur zMetals zToxic Organics
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6 6/22/2008
Spatial and Temporal Scales
landscapes, global, watersheds regions, states
km >1,000 km Time soil m aggregate pedons, clay particle, mm field plots microbes um nm Atoms, molecules Length
Plant Community Loading Hydroperiod
Organic Matter Carbon(Carbon) (productivity)
SulfurSulfur Cycle NitrogenNitrogen Cycle Cycle cycle
PhosphorusPhosphorus Cycle Cycle
Stable Organic Matter (P(Accretion/Stability) Accretion/Stability)
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Biogeochemical Cycles – Linkages
Physical Processes
Organic Matter Chemical Biological Processes Processes
N C P
S Climate Change
Carbon Eutrophication Sequestration
6/22/2008 WBL 15
Biogeochemical Cycles – Linkages at Global Scale Increased nutrient loads …high primary productivity ..eutrophication High primary productivity ….increased rates of organic matter accumulation… carbon sequestration High carbon sequestration in soils ..increased rates of microbial activities Increased rates of microbial activities … idllfhincreased levels of greenhouse gases Increased levels of greenhouse gases….climate change
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Biogeochemistry of Wetlands Science and Applications
Upon completion of this course, participants should be able to:
Unique features of wetland ecosystems Identify role of soils as long-term integrators of elemental storage and ecosystem processes Describe basic concepts on elemental cycling in soil and water column of wetlands Define the role of organic matter decomposition processes and long-term accretion of nutrients and contaminants Assess the nitrogen processing capacity of wetlands Evaluate the ppphosphorus retention ca pypacity of wetlands Define the fate of sulfur, metals, and toxic organic compounds in wetlands Describe the role of exchange processes between soil and water column on internal load Identify key biogeochemical indicators for wetland monitoring and assessment 6/22/2008 WBL 17
Biogeochemistry of Wetlands
http://wetlands.ifas.ufl.edu
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