G 48.Ia3.19PJ? .VII Geneva

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

G 48.Ia3.19PJ? .VII Geneva G 48.ia3.19PJ? .VII Geneva, 11th January, 1922. I&.GIM O-,- E X I G U S . A L Ik liT A .. Ilot e _ "by Jbhe _Sc cr etary-Gen oral. The following- letter from the President of the Conference 01? imba see dors, enclosing a letter from the feerb-Croat-Slovene Legation in Paris dated 21st December, 1921, is circulated for the consideration of the Council and the information of the Members of the league. nslat ion. Paris, The President’s Office, Conference of Ambassadors, January 7th, 1922, Sir, In a Note, A. No. 113 dated December 21st, 1921, a copy ox which is enclosed the Scrb-Croat-Slovene Legation has called the attention of the Conference of Ambassadors to the anxiety felt by the Royal Government at the concentration of Albanian bands in the neutral Serbo-Albanian Zone. The Note further states that the Government would be compelled to re-occupy thq zone in question should the Tirana Government fail strictly to observe its neutrality. In order to obtain exact information on the situation in, ^ne demarcation zone, the Conference has decided to ask you to request the Commission of Enquiry, sent to Albania by the Council the League of Nations, to ascertain on the spot, whether the 2or-e in question has, in : ' . )t been evacuated. ^ric Drummond, Secretary General of the league of Nations. The ConfercY go lis.3 u r t l x e ’ecided to dispatch the Boundary Commission, wliioh vas provided xor in the decision o£ the Principal Allied Powers, dated Movemhor 9th, 1921, to Scutari at the earliest possible date; and also to notify the Soih-Oroat-31 ovene Government of these decisions in-J orming it at the same tire tint tho Powers will opposo any re-occupation ox the neutral zone "by the Serbian troops. I have, etc. (SipnccO JUIES GAJ..ÎB01T Translation. Saris, December 21st, 1921. Scrb-Oro.-'t-Slovono Delegation to the Conference o : Ambassadors AT. Mo. 118. The Conference of Ambassadors decided, on ïfbvember 13 last, to establish on the Serb-Albanian Border a demarcation - zone which was to be Icept : roe S'rom all troops, both Serbian and Albanian, until the frontier had been marked out on the ground. The Conference o: Ambassadors adopted this decision with a dual object ( 1) of ensuring complete reodom of move­ ment to the Boundary Commission which was to fix the frontiers, on the spot, and (2) o eliminating any possibility ox conflict between the Serbian and Albanian troops while the work of this Commission is proceeding, thus ensuring the maintenance of good and neighbourly relations between Serbia and Albania. These good and neighbourly relations obviously include security both for the persons and the property of the Serbian population settled in this neutral zone. The Royal Government, fearing that the population might be left without any effective protection, instructed certain detachments of its police and gendarmerie to remain in the neutral zone, after its regular troops had left. This decision of the Royal Government was communicated to the Conference of Ambassadors on the 5 th inst. The Conference of Ambassadors, having taken note ox the anxiety of the Serbian Government, was ox opinion that adequate provision for the maintenance o', order in the neutral zone the Secretariat of the C onforenco o/ Ambas sador s, .’uai d1 Orsay, Paris. - 2~ o o zlà he made by the municipalities and local authorities, and on the 9 th in Ft., the Conference invited the Royal Govermoent to give instructions to its police and gendarmer i e -ja s vtp.i 1 -a,R- tq^its regular troops to evacuate the zone. The Royal Government complied v/ith this decision ox the Conference of Ambassadors and instructed its police and gendarmerie authorities to e va eux te the neutral zone, in which they had "been retained provisionally. In taking this course, the Royal Government was actuated by a desire to show-that it intended to respect the neutrality of the demarcation zone constituted by the decision o± the Conference of Ambassadors dated 1To y ember 13th last. The fears ot the Royal Government, to which it referred in its Note of December 5th, were, however, well-founded. Accord­ ing to information received at the Ministry of foreign Axxairs at Belgrade, numerous bodies of Albanian irregular troops and brigands are assembling in the neutral zone to attack both the population of Serbian nationality which remains in that zone, and the civil omd military authorities who are being withdrawn xrom it» The xoilowing... The following facts which hrve recently occurred may "be nient i one d : 1) 0., the 8th instant, during the evacuation of the village of M ,iica, to the West of Topojani, the transport of the 19th Infantry Regiment was ambushed and one soldier was seriously wounded. 2) A patrol of the 28th infantry regiment was attacked in the villages of the Palmano end 'Punor., and some cattle were driven off. 3) A "bend of marauders stopped tlio transport of the 28th infantry regiment on the 8th instant, near the village of i.lacalari on the Diîira- Piskopeja road, and seized 24 he. ti of cattle. 4) During the night of 8/9 instant, a hand of Albanians "broke into the village of iLacalari, forcibly took from the Serbian inhabitants about 40 head of crttle which it drove 5f across removed tne urin, and at the same time • all the supplies of food in the village: 5) On the night of 8/9 instant, armed b'~nds cut the tele­ graph wires at meny points on the Dibra-Piskopeja-Soliste road, end removed the telcgr .ph poles , 6) A large port of the Serbian populotion living in the neutral zone has arrived at Dibra, having left their hoaes, where a state of complete anarchy, accompanied by robberies and acts df v.iolonce prevails, and where the Serbian population is without any protection. The Royal Government has moreover definite information that the Government of Tirana is dis patching its own gendarmerie to - 4- nunorous points within the neutral zone, from which our police authorities are "being withdrawn ; the Tirana Gendarmerie has arrived at Zogaj, iruricani and Rigooin. In the district florth-Hast of Lake Scutari, Alh-^nivn troops hcve entered the n eu.tr.: 1 zone rnd occupied the new line of demarcation. Those troops ere holding in particular the eastern hank of the marshes of the Hoti, and from this point the line of demarcation as far as the post of Suke-3oz (Ljacks—Guka) to the north of Hill 1730. By order of the Royal Government, I have the honour to bring these facts to the notice of the Conference of Ambassadors, aid to draw its attention to the drngerous position in which the berbian population in the neutral zone end in the territories allotted to Albania ie placed as a result of feuch acts on the part of the Albanians. These acts are in two respects a contravention of the Conference of Ambassadors1 decision of November 18th. On the one hand, the zone of démarcation, which in accordance with this decision was to remain free from all troops, both Serbirn and Albanian, has only been evacuated by the Serbi. n troops, while the Tirvn-r- Government, as had been stated, hr8 dispatched its own gendarmerie to the zone. On the other hand, the conditions of good and neighbourly relations ootveen Serbia ana Albania have not been observed by the Government ûf Tirana, for both the Serbian population of the zone in question fnd slso the Royal troops, which are evacuating that zone, are CxP°sed to attacks and acts of violence on the part of Albanian 6 ftds and brigands; the responsibility for such acts must clearly 1 11 on the Government of Tirana. The Royal Government feels bound to refer to these viol tions a decision of the Conference of Ambassadors which was accepted by the Government of Tir na, and it ocgs the Conference of Ambassadors to tahe the necess-.ry steps to compel the Albanian Government to observe this decision. The Roycl Government is of the opinion thet the arrival in the demarcation zone of irréguler troops nd of '.lb an i an gendarmerie constitutes a very serious men an ce -to the Serbian population in the neutral 2 one end in the territories allotted to Albania ; rnd, to its great regret, it will feel compelled to reoccupy this zone to ensure the protection of its interests, if the Tirana Government does not strictly' observe the neutr liay of the zone of demarcation, laid down in the decision of the Conference of Ambassadors of November 18th last. ( Signed ) BOSIEKOVITCH..
Recommended publications
  • Technical Arrangement for Joint Cooperation Between the Djibouti National Gendarmerie and the Italian Carabinieri
    TECHNICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR JOINT COOPERATION BETWEEN THE DJIBOUTI NATIONAL GENDARMERIE AND THE ITALIAN CARABINIERI The Djibouti Nationai Gendarmerie and Italian Carabinieri (hereinafter referred to as "the Parties"): WHEREAS the two Parties are desirous of strengthening their cooperation in the fieids of the training and the exchange of best practices reiated to their institutionalservices; CONSIDERING that Italian Carabinieri have wide experience and expertise in the fieid of public arder management and generai security; AWARE that the Djibouti Nationai Gendarmerie is committed to enhancing capacity in public safety and generai security; RECOGNISING the need for cooperation between the Parties for their mutuai benefit in the identified areas of cooperation; HAVING REGARD to the "Agreement between the Government of the Itaiian Repubiic and the Government of the Republic of Djibouti concerning cooperation in the fieid of Defence", signedin Djibouti on 30th april 2002 and the renovation of whichis ongoing; HAVING REGARD to the exchange of Verbai Notes between the Itaiian Embassy in Addis Ababa and the Djibouti Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Internationai Cooperation, in farce since 16th February 2015, on jurisdiction of the Italian military and civilian personnei; have agreedas follows: Artide 1 OBJECTIVE This Technicai Arrangement estabiishes a framework of cooperation between the Djibouti Gendarmerie and Itaiian Carabinieri in the respective fieids of competence and expertise. The provisions of this Technical Arrangement will in no way permit the derogation from the obiigations provided for in other bilatera! or multilateral conventions or Arrangements signedby the parties' Countries. The Parties agree to pursue, to the best of their ability, mutuai cooperation along with the following terms.
    [Show full text]
  • NATO ARMIES and THEIR TRADITIONS the Carabinieri Corps and the International Environment by LTC (CC) Massimo IZZO - LTC (CC) Tullio MOTT - WO1 (CC) Dante MARION
    NATO ARMIES AND THEIR TRADITIONS The Carabinieri Corps and the International Environment by LTC (CC) Massimo IZZO - LTC (CC) Tullio MOTT - WO1 (CC) Dante MARION The Ancient Corps of the Royal Carabinieri was instituted in Turin by the King of Sardinia, Vittorio Emanuele 1st by Royal Warranty on 13th of July 1814. The Carabinieri Force was Issued with a distinctive uniform in dark blue with silver braid around the collar and cuffs, edges trimmed in scarlet and epaulets in silver, with white fringes for the mounted division and light blue for infantry. The characteristic hat with two points was popularly known as the “Lucerna”. A version of this uniform is still used today for important ceremonies. Since its foundation Carabinieri had both Military and Police functions. In addition they were the King Guards in charge for security and honour escorts, in 1868 this task has been given to a selected Regiment of Carabinieri (height not less than 1.92 mt.) called Corazzieri and since 1946 this task is performed in favour of the President of the Italian Republic. The Carabinieri Force took part to all Italian Military history events starting from the three independence wars (1848) passing through the Crimean and Eritrean Campaigns up to the First and Second World Wars, between these was also involved in the East African military Operation and many other Military Operations. During many of these military operations and other recorded episodes and bravery acts, several honour medals were awarded to the flag. The participation in Military Operations abroad (some of them other than war) began with the first Carabinieri Deployment to Crimea and to the Red Sea and continued with the presence of the Force in Crete, Macedonia, Greece, Anatolia, Albania, Palestine, these operations, where the basis leading to the acquirement of an international dimension of the Force and in some of them Carabinieri supported the built up of the local Police Forces.
    [Show full text]
  • Another History of Europe at War. Gendarmeries and Police Facing the First World War (1914-1918)
    Another history of Europe at war. Gendarmeries and police facing the First World War (1914-1918) International Conference organised at the EOGN in Melun on the 4th , 5th and 6th February 2016 by : Le Centre de recherche de l'École des officiers de la Gendarmerie nationale and Le musée de la Gendarmerie, in cooperation with : Université Paris-Sorbonne the Centre d'histoire du XIXe siècle Labex EHNE Université catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve Le Pôle d'attraction interuniversitaire « Justice et populations : l'expérience belge en perspective internationale ») Dr. Guillaume Payen Chef du pôle histoire et faits sociaux contemporains du CREOGN, chercheur associé au Centre Roland Mousnier, université Paris-Sorbonne Dr. Jonas Campion Chargé de recherches du FRS-FNRS, Centre d’histoire du droit et de la justice, université catholique de Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgique) Dr. Laurent López Chercheur associé au CESDIP (université de Versailles/Saint Quentin) et au Centre d'histoire du XIXe siècle (universités Panthéon-Sorbonne et Paris-Sorbonne) The history of Europe into the First World War is still to be written from the police's point of view, in spite of the frequent claim of "constraint"1 in the conflict's historiography. Classically marking the break between the 19th and the 20th centuries, the First World War is more than a separation between two periods. It is a deep historiographic void on both national and European scales. From a Europe-wide perspective, while the comparative approach carried out by Jonas Campion and confronting the cases of the Belgian, French and Dutch gendarmeries focuses on the end of the Second World War2, the book published under G.
    [Show full text]
  • Statewatch Analysis EU: “The Law Will Bring Peace”: View on the European Gendarmerie Force (EGF)
    Statewatch Analysis EU: “The law will bring peace”: View on the European Gendarmerie Force (EGF) Tim Schumacher The emergence of para-military police units for use abroad (and potentially at home) is exemplified by the EGF which is being organised by six EU member states outside of the Justice and Home Affairs structures The increasing deployment of para-military gendarmerie forces abroad is due to a changing threat analysis resulting in new requirements for operational forces. The control of the population through permanent gendarmerie deployment is a central component of this threat analysis, leading to a para-militarisation of forces, as is illustrated by the multi- national European Gendarmerie Force (EGF / EUROGENDFOR). Due to this unit’s dual nature (the EGF can operate under military as well as civil command, inland as well as abroad) and through common training, the paramilitarisation of police forces in Germany, the EU and worldwide is inevitable. The logo of the EGF is LEX PACIFERAT (“The law will bring peace”) – it is a law enforced to ensures uninterrupted economic activity. Population control What is deemed to be a threat depends on which group is able to enforce its views; the group which possesses a discursive hegemony. Since the 1990s, hegemonic threat analysis and its resulting security strategies have undergone fundamental changes. With the disappearance of the clear frontlines drawn up during the Cold War, there is no definitive enemy such as the Soviet Union. According to the German government's coalition agreement, the new global threats are "international terrorism, organised crime and piracy, climate change, (lack of) food and resource security as well as epidemics and diseases": diffuse, ambiguous and asymmetrical threats.[2] These new enemies seemingly can attack everywhere and at any time; they are also difficult to differentiate from the civil population or are in fact identical to it.
    [Show full text]
  • FRANCE Gendarmerie.Pdf
    FRANCE How to Become a Military Officer in the French Armed Forces: The basic education and training of the military officers of the French Army, Navy, Air Force and Gendarmerie is the role of four distinct schools: the Military Schools of Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan (Coëtquidan), the Naval Schools (Brest), the Air Force Academy (Salon-de- Provence) and the Gendarmerie Officers’ College (Melun). These schools educate and train the future officers issued from direct recruitment but also from the internal recruitment (through promotion). The scheme presented above focus on the former way of access to commissioning. In order to become officers, the candidates must first complete their bachelor (3 years) or preparatory (2 years) studies in civilian universities or preparatory classes. Then, they will complete their master studies in the respective service schools. Even though the schools are enabled to deliver higher education diplomas and to organise research activities, cooperation with the civilian institutions remains a key word. European and international mobility, also, is seen as an important vector for the education and training of the future military elites. Non-commissioned officers may also become, through indirect recruitment, commissioned officer after completion of a specific bachelor programme. The vocational training, until the application level, is organised and provided by the military schools themselves. It is a fundamental part of the commissioning curriculum since it is fully integrated in the master diploma, indistinctively
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Events in Korça Region After the Declaration of Independence Until the End of World War I
    E-ISSN 2281-4612 Academic Journal of Vol 7 No 1 ISSN 2281-3993 Interdisciplinary Studies March 2018 Research Article © 2018 Eduart Begolli. This is an open access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Historical Events in Korça Region after the Declaration of Independence until the end of World War I MSc. Eduart Begolli Doi: 10.2478/ajis-2018-0005 Abstract The paper reflects political, economic, social activities and aspects of Korça during the period of the study.This period is special and important in the history of the Korça region and the Albanian state. During this period were launched the institutions of public life, founded in the form of governance, which included a series of economic activities for Korça based on creating new contemporary legislation increasing the institutions’ role in relation to the previous tradition; building up a modern national educational institution in order to change the mentality of the people, basically oriented to the western countries’ policy. There are described the key moments of political, economic, social and cultural life of the Prefecture’ people of Korça.The main aim and objective of the study has to familiarize the reader with the Korça region people role in the political, social, economic, during 1912-1920 ‘s, and the efforts of this population for freedom and independence and national unity.The most outstanding personalities in the different fields of the life in Korça region in local and national level are recorded, showing their role in certain moments of these developments.The important place has taken the attempts of Greeks for annexation of Korça region using the different political, diplomatic and military means, but there were also the wishes of the population of Korça to be part of Albania.
    [Show full text]
  • The Choice for Intermediate Forces in Mexico. the Process of Creation Of
    Anuario Latinoamericano Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales vol. 10, 2020 pp. 169–186 The Choice for Intermediate Forces in Mexico. DOI:10.17951/al.2020.10.169-186 The Process of Creation of the Mexican Gendarmerie La elección de las fuerzas intermedias en México: el proceso de la creación de la Gendarmería Mexicana Marcos Pablo Moloeznik* DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF GUADALAJARA, MEXICO [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4078-9451 The Gendarmerie Division’s function is to generate conditions of pub- lic safety, through operational deployment in situations where the presence of organized crime or a high crime rate threatens the life, liberty, integrity or heritage of citizens. (Federal Police, 2019) ABSTRACT The process of militarization of public security in Mexico is presented under two modalities: the direct participation of the armed forces in the dimension of internal security and the commitment to the so-called intermediate forces or militarized police. Throughout this contribution, a review of the process of creating the Gendarmerie Division in the federal police is carried out, which responds to this second aspect. KEYWORDS: intermediate forces, Gendarmerie, National Guard, Mexico. RESUMEN El proceso de militarización de la seguridad pública en México se presenta bajo dos modalidades: la participación directa de las fuerzas armadas en la dimensión de la seguridad interior y la apuesta por las denominadas fuerzas intermedias o policías * Senior Professor-Researcher at the Department of Political Studies, CUCSH - University of Guadalajara (Mexico). National Researcher Level II, National Researchers System, CONACyT (Mexico). Visiting Professor at the International Institute of Humanitarian Law (Sanremo, Italy) for the last 7 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Coast Guards and International Maritime Law Enforcement
    Coast Guards and International Maritime Law Enforcement Coast Guards and International Maritime Law Enforcement By Suk Kyoon Kim Coast Guards and International Maritime Law Enforcement By Suk Kyoon Kim This book first published 2020 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2020 by Suk Kyoon Kim All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-5526-7 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-5526-6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ....................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1 .................................................................................................... 1 Overview of Coast Guards Chapter 2 .................................................................................................. 23 Extended Roles and Duties of Coast Guards Chapter 3 .................................................................................................. 35 National Coast Guards Chapter 4 .................................................................................................. 90 International Coast Guard Functions Chapter 5 ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • FRANCE: National Police, Gendarmerie and First Responders FRANCE: National Police, Gendarmerie and First Responders
    FRANCE: National Police, Gendarmerie and First Responders FRANCE: National Police, Gendarmerie and First Responders Cara Boulesteix January 2014 Overview La Police Nationale (PN, or National Police), La Gendarmerie Nationale (often simply referred to as the Gendarmerie, or military police), Les Sapeurs-pompiers (SP, or firefighters), La Brigade des sapeurs-pompiers de Paris (BSPP, or Parisian firefighting brigade), le Bataillon des marins-pompiers de Marseille (BMPM or Marseille Marine Firefighting Division) and La Sécurité Civile (SC, or Civil Security), guarantee the safety of the French population and of the country’s national interests at home and at times abroad. They also prevent and deter crime, and help those in need when there is a crisis. The PN and SC are part of the Ministry of Interior (MoI). The Gendarmerie, or military police, hold military rank but were attached to the MoI in 2008 for budgetary reasons and their roles overlap in places with the PN. BSPP and BMPM are specialized units of the French Army and French Navy, respectively. Budget The 2013 budget reflected a renewed focus on security. Although many other sectors (including defense) were cut in the latest budget cycle, security was one of the few sectors that was actually augmented (defense cut almost 8,000 jobs). After a flare-up of violence in the summer of 2012, President Hollande promised additional resources for the PN, particularly in troubled suburban areas surrounding large French cities. This pledge was evident in the 2013 budget, which cancelled a previous plan to eliminate 3,200 positions, and instead planned to create 5,000 additional jobs by 2017.1 Many of these new positions will be focused in priority areas for safety, particularly in areas with a high risk for trafficking, underground activities, and violence.
    [Show full text]
  • Decalogue of Recommendations for a Safe Environment
    Decalogue of recommendations for a safe environment 1 2 Decalogue of recommendations for a safe environment 3 INDEX Presentation 6 Lieutenant General D. Laurentino Ceña Coro Introduction 8 Colonel D. Jaime Barceló Huguet 1. Spanish Procedural Guarantees 11 1.1. Legal aspects of detention Superior Prosecutor of the Balearic Islands, D. Bartolomé Barceló Oliver 1.2. Figures of the criminal procedure Major D. Francisco Martínez Redondo 2. Women and minors protection 21 2.2. Gender Violence 2.3. Trafficking in human beings Lieutenat D. Manuel Martínez Palomo. 3. Public Safety 29 3.1. State-level regulations on the protection of citizen security in the field of foreign visitors. 3.2. Terrorism prevention. 4. Regime for travellers 45 4.1. Security recommendations 4.2. Interest information for tourists Captain D. Francisco Albendín Ariza. 5. Tourist assistance 51 5.1. Attention to foreign tourists 5.2. International joint patrols 5.3. Alertcops. Interactive crime warning channel 5.4. Electronic police reports. App e-denuncia 5.5. False report or claim First Corporal D. Jesús Valdés Campos. 6. Citizens care service. 61 6.1. Recommendations to avoid accidents 6.2. Planning safety in the mountains 6.3. New activities in the natural environment 6.4. Guidelines to follow in case of rescue 6.5. Rescue statistics Lieutenant D. Antonio Roca Gaya. First Corporal D. Jacobo Soteras Infante. 4 7. Leisure and quality 71 7.1. Prevention of housing fraud 7.2. Risks on alcohol consumption 7.3. Uncivil behavior Chief Petty Officer Juan Martín Rodríguez Delgado 8. Road safety 75 8.1. Tourism cycling 8.2.
    [Show full text]
  • FRANCE France Officially the French Republic (French: République Française) Is a Member of the European Union Since 1 January 1958
    FRANCE France officially the French Republic (French: République française) is a member of the European Union since 1 January 1958. It is in Western Europe bordered by Belgium and Luxembourg in the north east, Germany and Switzerland in the east, Italy and Monaco in the south-east, Spain and Andorra in the south west. CAPITAL Paris POPULATION 64 million AREA 675,417 km² (551,500 km² France Metro) LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES Directorate-General of Customs and Indirect Taxes (Direction générale des douanes et droits indirects) French Customs falls under the Directorate- CONTACT DETAILS General of Customs and Indirect Taxes, part of WEBSITE: the Ministry of Budget, Public Accounts and Civil Directorate-General of Service. The Directorate-General is in charge of Customs and Indirect Taxes detecting and tackling fraud, illegal trafficking drugs, counterfeits products and swindling with TELEPHONE cigarettes and tobacco. With a workforce of 0811204444 18,800 agents, French Customs has the legal +33172407850 powers to fight against organised crime, EMAIL alongside the Police and Gendarmerie. Last year, [email protected] French customs detected more than 100,000 customs offences, seized 50 tonnes of drugs, 202 tonnes of cigarettes and tobacco products, and 4.6 million tonnes of counterfeit goods. Within the framework of international organised crime, French Customs continues to intensify its fruitful collaboration with Europol. Between 2004 1 and 2008 the number of requests sent to Europol AWF in which the Customs participates doubled. French National Police (La Police Nationale Française) The French National Police is a civil institution CONTACT DETAILS falling under the Ministry of Interior.
    [Show full text]
  • The Paradox of Gendarmeries: Between Expansion, Demilitarization and Dissolution
    0088 CCOUVERTUREOUVERTURE pp1X.ai1X.ai 1 229-10-139-10-13 33:49:51:49:51 PPMM SSR PAPER 8 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K The Paradox of Gendarmeries: Between Expansion, Demilitarization and Dissolution Derek Lutterbeck DCAF DCAF a centre for security, development and the rule of law SSR PAPER 8 The Paradox of Gendarmeries: Between Expansion, Demilitarization and Dissolution Derek Lutterbeck DCAF The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) is an international foundation whose mission is to assist the international community in pursuing good governance and reform of the security sector. The Centre develops and promotes norms and standards, conducts tailored policy research, identifies good practices and recommendations to promote democratic security sector governance, and provides in‐country advisory support and practical assistance programmes. SSR Papers is a flagship DCAF publication series intended to contribute innovative thinking on important themes and approaches relating to security sector reform (SSR) in the broader context of security sector governance (SSG). Papers provide original and provocative analysis on topics that are directly linked to the challenges of a governance‐driven security sector reform agenda. SSR Papers are intended for researchers, policy‐makers and practitioners involved in this field. ISBN 978‐92‐9222‐286‐4 © 2013 The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces EDITORS Heiner Hänggi & Albrecht Schnabel PRODUCTION Yury Korobovsky COPY EDITOR Cherry Ekins COVER IMAGES © ‘Gendarmerie Line’ by Mike Baker, ‘French Gendarmerie being trained by Belgian Soldiers in IEDs in Afghanistan’ by unidentified government source, ‘Guardia Civil’ by Joaquim Pol, ‘Carabinieri’ by hhchalle The views expressed are those of the author(s) alone and do not in any way reflect the views of the institutions referred to or represented within this paper.
    [Show full text]