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A Abdul Ghafur Aziz, 272 Abbasi Madani, 355 Abdul Hamid, 107 Abd al-Rahman al-Barr, 339 Abdul Malik, 271 Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi, Abdul Rab Rasul Sayyaf, 257 56, 62, 357 Abdul Rahman Khalifa, 256 Abd al-Salam Yasin, 67 Abdul Salam Yassin, 283 Abdal-Hamid Kishk, 113 Abdullah Azzam, 101, 116 Abdallah Dink, 265 Abdullah Saleh, 152 Abdallah Laroui, 54, 107 Abdullah Yusuf Azzam, 48 Abdel Bari Atwan, 112, 197n1 Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na’im, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, 328, 342 62, 108 Abdel Meguid Mahmoud, 338 Abdullahi Qasim al-Wasli, 99 Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh, Abdullatif ‘Uraibat, 272 182, 354 Abdul-Malik Ibn Hisham, 205n13 Abdel Rahman Suwar al-Dahab, 41, 253 Abdurrahim ‘Umar A. Muhyi Abdel Wahab Al-Afandi, 102, 345 al-Deen, 270 Abdel Wahab Syri, 191 Abdurrahman Yusuf al-Qaradawi, 322 Abdellah Hammoudi, 224n45 Abu Abdullah Al-Muhajir, Abdelwahab El-Affendi, 159 4, 49, 121 Abdessatar Rejeb, 246 Abu al Yahya al Libi, 18 Abdi Godane, 85 Abu al-Hassan al-Azdi, 203 Abdou Diouf, 253 Abu al-Mundhir al-Shanqiti, 203 Abdul Aziz bin Abdullah bin Baz, 300 Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, 306

1Note: Page numbers followed by ‘n’ refer to notes.

© The Author(s) 2019 377 M. Lo, Political Islam, Justice and Governance, Political Economy of Islam, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96328-0 378 INDEX

Abu Fahr al-Salafi, 192 Ahmad Rami, 330 Abu Faraj al-Libi, 217 Ahmad Shah Massoud, 355 Abu Ghraib prison, 51, 207 Ahmad Yasin, 271 Abu Hafs al-Masri, 217 Ahmed Doma, 333 Abu Hajir al-Hadrami, 200 Ahmed Shafiq, 338 Abi Hamza al-Muhajir, 203 Akol, Lam, 267n32 Abu Humam al-Athari, 223 Ala Khuta Sayyid Qutb, 206 Abu Laith al-Libi, 217 Alaa Abd el-Fattah, 333 Abu Mohammad al-Joulani, 234 Alaa al Aswany, 327 Abu Muhammad Aasim al-Maqdisi, 134 Alal al-Fasi, 57 Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi, 48–49, Al-Azdi, 217 222, 230, 347 Al-Azhar University, 308 Abu Musab al-Suri, 48, 59, 121 Al Dawla al ‘Amiqa, 325, 336 Abu Mushab al-Zarqawi, 214 Al-Dawla al-Madaniyya, 27 Abu Nidal, 256 Al-Difa’ al-Sha’bi, 287 Abu Omar al-Baghdadi, 203 Al-Farida al-Ghaeba, 112 Abu Omar al-Shishani, 239 Algeria, 97 Abu Othman al-Jahiz, 220–221 Ali Abderraziq, 93, 347 Abu Qatada al-Filastini, 222 Ali al-Aridh, 272 Abu Qattada al-Falastini, 236 Ali al-Salabi, 164 Abu Uthman al-Jahiz, 220–221 Ali Belhadj, 355 Abu Yahya al-Libi, 48, 119 Ali Benhadj, 116 Abu Zubaydah, 217 Ali Osman Muhammad Taha, 270 Abu-Bakr al-Baghdadi, 100 Al-Islam wa Usul al Hukm, 347 Abu-Bakr Naji, 48 Al-Jama‘a al-Islamiyya, 308, 332 Abuja, 267 All Pakistan Ulema Council, 85 Adam Yahiye Gadahn, 7 Al-Mahjoub Abdoussalam, 265 Addis Abbas, 256 Al-Nour, 331 Adil Hussein, 142 Al-Nusra Front, 225, 227, 230 Adly Mansour, 330 Al-Qaeda, 7 Administration of Savagery, The, 122 Al-Qaeda Manifesto, 4 Afghanistan, 7 Al-Quds Al-Arabi, 270 A. H. Abdel Salam, 286 Al-Samawal Khalafallah, 78 Ahl al-hall wa al ‘aqd, 225 Al-Shafi’h Ahmad Muhammad, 263 Ahmad al-Dori, 242 Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory, 256 Ahmad Ali al-Imam, 275 Al-Tabari, 150 Ahmad al-Nasiri, 30 Al-Tatarrus, 117, 119 Ahmad el-Tayyib, 322, 331 Al-Zawahiri, 309 Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, 151 American Revolution, 147 Aḥmad ibn Taymiyyah, 49 Amery, Jean, 133 Ahmad Kareemah, 320 Amos, Deborah, 78, 214n29 Ahmad Lutfi El-Sayyid, 56 Anglo-Sudan War, 149 Ahmad Muhammad Daghshi, 101 Ansaruddin, 50 INDEX 379

Anwar al-Awlaki, 121 C Anwar Ibrahim, 272 Camel Battle, 154 Anwar Sadat, 106, 129 Camp Bucca, 212 April 6 Movement, 166 Camp David Accords, 9, 129 Arab League, 130 Chapel Hill, 90 Arab Spring, 44 Cherribi, Sam, 171n38 Arendt, Hannah, 133 China, 42 Aristotle, 36n23 National Petroleum Company, 261 Asam Sharaf, 350 Christendom, 8 Asmaa Mahfouz, 190 Clash of Civilizations, 17, 184 Assem Abdel Majed, 323 Clinton, Bill (President), 14 Atiyah Abd al-Rahman, 217 Clinton-Gore government, 104 Ayman al-Zawahiri, 115 Cold War, 10, 17, 104 Comprehensive Peace Accord (CPA), 267 B Constituent Assembly, 339 Bacon, Francis, 357 Constitutional Declaration, 319 Badie, Mohammed, 325 Cooke, Miriam, 37 Baernard, Chester, 353 Coptic, 356 Bagram Air Base, 137 Coulibaly, Amedy, 219 Baha’i, 356 Council of American-Islamic Relations Bakri Hassan Salih, 284 (CAIR), 131 Balkans, 148 Crow, Jim, 38 Bank Act, 288 Crusader-Zionist Alliance, 150 Baqir al-Sadr, 57n19 Cuba, 51 Bashar al-Assad, 152 Customs Tariff Laws, The, 288 Bassem Youssef, 333 Bay’a, 143 Becker, Carl, 147 D Belloc, Hillaire, 34 Dabiq, 240 Bentham, Jeremy, 30 DAESH, 25 Bergen, Peter L., 111n44 Dahi Khalfan, 77 Berlin Conference, 8 Dalia Ziada, 190 Berlin, Isaiah, 355n10 Damascus, 317 Bin Ali, 49 Dar al-Harb, 144 Bishara, Marie Louis, 337 Dar al-Islam, 144 Black Book, The, 266 Darfur, 251, 262, 354 Boko Haram, 14, 50, 126 Dawla baqiya, 202 Brad, Berner, 70n66 Dawla Madaniyya, 158, 190 Bradley, John, 103n20 de Waal, Alex, 286 Bremer, Paul, 213 Democratic Union Party Bush, George, 5 (PYD), 359 380 INDEX

Democratic Unionist, 252 Franklin, John Hope, 3, 39 Democrat, Muslim, 246 Free Officers, 129, 345 Denmark, 205 Freedom and Justice Party (FJP), 176, Diamond, Jared, 9 189, 330 Din Brigades, 224 Freedom House, 75 Dinka, 260 French Revolution, 147 Friedman, Milton, 30, 32 Friedrich, Carl, 336 E Friedrich-Finer debate, 336 East Africa, 232 Fuad Paşa, 361 Ebrahim al Bahrawi, 161 Fukuyama, Francis, 10 Egyptian revolution, 147–195 Eickelman, Dale, 85 El-Sadiq Shouro, 272 G Emad Abdellatif, 154 Gamal Abdel Nasser, 73, 340 Ennahdha, 153 Gamal al-Banna, 54, 108, 347 Essam Derbal, 178 Garang, John, 254, 292 Essam el-Erian, 176 Gellner, Ernest, 109 Essam Sharaf, 168 General Secretariat of the National Essam Tallima, 86 Congress, 262 Ethiopia, 42 Georges-Picot, Francois, 234 European Renaissance, 357 Germany, 39 Euthyphro, 36 Ghazi Salah al-Din al-Atabani, 263, 272, 276 Gingrich, Newt, 6 F Global Islamic Resistance Fahmi Huwaidi, 77, 315 Call, 121 Faisal bin Abdul Aziz (King), 10 Global Terrorism Database of National Farid Ismail, 176 Consortium for the Study of Fasl al-Kalam fi Muwajahah Zulm Terrorism and Responses to al-Hukkaam, 116 Terrorism (START), 359 Fathi Shaqaqi, 141 Goldwater, Barry, 9 Fatimah al-Samadi, 78 Good-life argument, 6, 29, 31 Felool, 160 Gran, Guy, 46 Fethullah Gulen, 355 Great Britain, 5, 47 Fi Afaaq al-Ta’alim, 99 Gregory, Brad, 33 Fi Zilal al-Quran, 110 Ground Zero mosque, 6 Finer, Herman, 336 Guantanamo Bay, 51, 207 Fiqh al-darurah, 255 Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, 254, 355 FIS, 102 Gulf War, 13, 213 France, 13, 149 Gunning, Jeroen, 79 INDEX 381

H Ibrahim Essa, 322 Habib Ben Ali Bourguiba, 247 Ibrahim Natil, 103n21 Habib Luz, 272 Ibtisaam Tahlib, 176 Hafeiz al-Assad, 150 Idarat al-Tawahhush, 118 Haines, David Cawthorne, 239 Idith Zertal, 132 Hakimiyyah, 12 Imam al-Ghazali, 314 Hamas, 103 IMF, 44 Hamdi Dabish, 176 Imtiaz Ahmad, 96n1 Hammdi al-Jibilli, 272 Indonesia, 250 Hani al-Said al-Siba’i Yusuf, 222 Intergovernmental Authority on Hani Nasria, 222n41 Drought and Development Hani Raslan, 164, 349 (IGADD), 268 Hanieh, Adam, 11 International Criminal Court (ICC), 267 Harvey, David, 45, 213 IQRA’ International Educational Hassan al-Banna, 97 Foundation, 77 Hassan al-Huwaidi, 272 Iran, 360 Hassan al-Ruwayni, 178 Iranian Revolution, 147, 360 Hassan Mekki, 58 Iraq, 18, 43 Hassan Shehata, 318 Irhaab, 359 Haydar Ibrahim, 102 ISIL, 14 Hayek, Friedrich, 32 ISIS, 12, 13 Hazem Beblawi, 42 Islamic Action Front, in Jordan, 272 Hazem Salah Abu Ismail, 326 Islamic Charter Front, 253 Helmi Sahrawi, 93, 332 Islamic Revolution of Iran, The, 250 Henning, Briton Alan, 239 Islamic Society of North America Heraclitus (Byzantine Emperor), 8, 48 (ISNA), 131 Hezbollah, 358 Islamic State in Iraq (ISI), 126 Hisam Tamam, 183n65, 188 Islamist National Congress Party Hiwar al Adyan, 254 (NCP), 254 Honneth, Alex, 92, 92n119, 195n99 Islamization project, 96 Hourani, George, 53 Ismail Al-Faruqi, 83 Hume, David, 357 Israel, 9 Israel Gershoni, 105 Israeli-Palestinian, 16 I Iberian Peninsula, 8 Ibn Ja’far al-Yacoubi, 151 J Ibn Kathir, 151 Jaafar Nimeiri, 102 Ibrahim Abboud (General), 150, 252 Jaafar Niumeairi, 150 Ibrahim Ahmad Omar, 270 Jahiliyyah, 12 Ibrahim Elnur, 251 Jalal Amin, 163 382 INDEX

Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, 128, 357 Kober Prison, 276 Janjaweed, 266 Kurdufan, 252 Jankowski, James, 105 Kurzman, Charles, 75 Japan, 39 Kuwait, 141, 255 Jefferson, Thomas, 38 Jerusalem, 10 Jihad bis-Saif, 49, 351 L Join the Caravan, 116 Lagu, Joseph, 259 Jones, Terry, 6 Lahoud, Nelly, 117n58 Justice and Development (PJD), 189 Langewiesche, William, 260 Justice and Equality Movement Law of Nations, 360 (JEM), 141 Lawrence, Bruce, 352n2 Lebanon, 358 Legal Proof of Using Human Shields, K The, 119 Ka’b ibn al-Ashraf, 205 Lesch, Ann, 288n63 Kabul, 212 Letters from Abbottabad: Bin Laden Kagan, Robert, 15 Sidelined, 117n58 Kamal al-Helbawi, 180 Levinas, Emmanuel, 33 Kamal al-Jazuli, 284 Lewis, Bernard, 8, 58 Kamal Ganzouri, 169 Libya, 14 Kandahar, 212 Lipset, Seymour, 350 Kant, Immanuel, 31 Listen and obey, 341 Karbala, 209 Locke, John, 357 Kashmir, 259 London bombings, 13 Kasozi, A.B.K., 36 Kemal Ataturk, 234 Kenya, 256 M Kepel, Gilles, 355n8 Ma-amun al-Hudaybi, 74 Khairat al-Shater, 325 Machar, Riek, 260 Khairuddin al-Tunisi, 56, 357 Mackie, John Leslie, 31 Khaled Abou El Fadl, 60 Madison, James, 198 Khalid al-Minshawi, 176 Mahdi family, 252 Khalid El-Hassan, 109 Mahdi revolution, 149 Khalid Hanafi, 320, 337 Mahjoub Abdessalam, 263 Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, 217 Mahmood Jamal, 109 Khalifa bin Hamad al-Thani, 41 Mahmood Mamdani, 36n26 Khalifah al-Sheikh Makawi, 277 Mahmoud Badr, 320 Khalil Ibrahim, 141, 266 Mahmoud Muhammad Taha, Khartoum, 141 108, 252 Khitab al shar’iyyah, 344 Majid Khadduri, 72n70 Kifayah Movement, 166 Malaysia, 272 INDEX 383

Malek Bennabi, 57n18 Muhammad Abdessam Faraj, 48 Mali, 13, 135 Muhammad Abduh, 128, 357 Management of Savagery The, 122 Muhammad Abdul al-Maqsud, 316 Manifest Destiny, 33n12 Muhammad al Baltaji, 320n21 Maoism, 147 Muhammad Al-’Urayfi, 315 Maqasid al-Shari’a, 58 Muhammad al-Amin Khalifah, 277 Marshall Plan, 40 Muhammad al-Ghazali, 99 Marshall, Thomas Humphrey, 34 Muhammad Ali Pasha, 287 Marwan Qabbani, 270 Muhammad Ammarah, 142, 193 Marxism, 35 Muhammad bin Hassan, 151 Maspero Massacre, 168 Muhammad Kamali, 58 Mauritania, 97 Muhammad Morsi, 96, 159 Mawlana Omar, 221 Muhammad Naguib, 308, 345 Mazhar Shaheen, 333 Muhammad Omar al-Zubair, 272 McCants, William, 237n75 Muhammad Qutb, 100 Memorandum of the Ten, 263–264 Muhammed Abduh, 56 Middle Ages, 147 Muhammed Abdussalam Faraj, 79 Middle East, 148 Muhammad Tantawi, Marshall, 327 Mill, John Stuart, 32 Muhammed Yusuf, 50 Mirghani, 252 Mullah Mohammad Omar Mitchell, 341n52 Mujahidin, 235 Mogamma, 155 Munazzamat al-Da’wa Mohamed Elhachmi Hamdi, 253n7 al-Islamiyya, 289 Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, 129 Musab al-Zarqawi, 217 Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, 342 Museveni, Yoweri, 267 Mohamed Mustafa El-Baradei, 166, Muslim Brotherhood, 25 321, 331 Muslim Brotherhood International Mohsin Hamid, 89 Organization, 272 Moncef Marzouki, 151 Muslim Scholars Association of Moroccan Justice and Development Pakistan, 271 Party, 109 Muslim Student Association, 131 Morocco, 10, 152 Muslim World League, 257 Mosul, 201 Mustafa el-Nahhas Pasha, 74 Mother of All Battles, 213 Muyassara al-Gharib, 215 Mouath al-Kasaesbeh, 207 Mousa al-Makour, 277 Mousa Ishaq, 266 N Moussa Kamara, 353 Nahda movement, 348 Muammar Gaddafi, 49 Naif, Prince, 80 Muawiyah bin Abi-Sufyan, 220 Naivasha, 268 Mubarak, President, 309 Najaf, 209 Muhammad Abdel Salam Faraj, 100 Nakba, 127, 360 384 INDEX

Napoleon, General, 58 P NaSir Al-Fahd, 114 Pakistan, 13, 118 Nasr Abu Zayd, 344 Palestine, 130 Nasr City, 180 Palestinian intifadas, 149 Nasr Muhammed Arif, 110, 306 Palestinian National Liberation National Congress Party Movement, 250 (NCP), 264 Palmyra, 201 National Islamic Front (NIF), 249 Paul, Richard, 341n52 National Popular Congress Pentagon, 232 (NPC), 268 Philip, Bilal, 190 National Salvation, 249 Philippines, 271 National Security Strategy (NSS), 42 Pinochet, Augusto, 40 National Umma Party, 253 Plato, 36n23 Nawal Saadawi, 161 Ponty, William, 8 Nazism, 43 Popular Arab and Islamic Congress, Necmettin Erbakan, 256 257 Negro Revolution, The, 150 Popular Congress Party (PCP), 265 New Deal, 39 Post-World War I, 39 Niblock, Tim, 281 Powell, Colin, 42 9/11, 5, 267 North Africa, 149 Nouri al-Maliki, 25 Q Nuba Mountains, 291 Qadi Hussein Ahmad, 272 Nuer, 260 Qaeda-tu al-jihad, 229 Nuremberg, 9, 40 Qalb al Umma al-Nabid, 360 Qatar, 41

O Obama, Barack, 6, 16 R October Revolution, 150 Rabia al-Adawiyya, 326 OIC, 10 Rabi’ah, 180 Olesen, Thomas, 127 Rachid al-Ghannushi, 98 Olivier, Roy, 352 Ramadi, 201 Oman, 41 Ramzi bin al-Shibh, 217 Omar Abdel-Rahman, 113 Rapley, John, 45 Omar Abdurrahman, 272 Raqqa, 219 Omar Hassan Ahmad al-Bashir, 96 Rasaail Hassan al-Banna, 97 Omar Makram Mosque, 333 Rawls, John, 31, 34 Omar Suleiman, 161 Recep Tayyip Erdogan (President), Operation Desert Storm, 204 355 Osama bin Laden, 4, 48, 251 Reifeld, Helmut, 96n1 Ottoman Turks, 8, 149 Reinventing Governance, 104 INDEX 385

Republican Brotherhood, 252 Sinam Dhirwat al-Islam, 101 Revolutionary Command Council for Siraj al-Deen Abdul-Ghaffar, 292 National Salvation, 262 Sky, Emma, 214 Rice, Condoleezza, 90 Smith, Lee, 155n21 Rosenthal, Erwin I. J., 61n35, 362n20 Socrates, 36 Rosenthal, Franz, 59, 59n28 Somalia, 1, 51 Rousseff, Dilma Vana, 314 South Africa, 104 Roy, Olivier, 17, 88n108 South Korea, 41 Russian Revolution, 147 South Sudan, 309 South Sudan Liberation Movement (SSLM), 259 S Soviet Union, 9, 362 Saddam Hussein, 212, 255 State Department Designated Foreign Sadiq al-Mahdi, 251 Terrorist Organizations, 358 Sa’id al-Hawwa, 99 Sudan, 2 Said, Edward, 130 Sudan People’s Liberation Movement Salafi-Wahhabism, 106 (SPLM), 257 Salih Sirriya, 112 Sultan Qaboos, 41 Salih Zahr al-Din, 349 Supreme Constitutional Court, 338 Sam’a, 143 Supreme Council of the Armed Forces Sami Anan, 342 (SCAF), 156, 361 Satanic Verses, 205 Sykes-Picot Agreement, 234 Saudi Arabia, 26 Sykes, Sir Mark, 234 Sawt al Huriyya, 189 Syria, 40 Sayyed Imam Al-Sharif, 115 Syrian Free Army, 233 Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi, 12, 48 Syrian Kurdish People’s Protection Sayyid al-Qimni, 361 Units (YPG), 359 Sayyid Qutb, 9, 48, 100 Sayyid Rashid Ali al-Gaylani, 149 Secular Age, 7 T Sen, Amartya, 45 Ta’a, 143 7/7 London, 5 Tahar al-Haddad, 56 Shafiq, General, 159 Tahrir Square, 306 Shar’iyyah, 305–350 Tajikistan, 104 Sharansky, Natan, 44 Taliban, 51 Shari’a, 303 Taliban Islamic Emirate, 250 Sharif al-Sawi, 320–321 Talodi, 291 Sharif Hussein bin Ali, 149 Tamarod, 319 Sheikh Haji Nur, 80 Tamkeen, 110, 354 Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi, 315 Tanzania, 42, 256 Sherif Younes, 164n33 Tarkhan Batirashvili, 239 Sinai, 201 Tawadros II, Pope, 331 386 INDEX

Tel Aviv, 309 Wahhabi-Salafi doctrine, 356 Tharwat al-Kherbawy, 182 Wail Abdel Fattah, 244 Thawrat al-Zinj, 150 Wail Ibrishi, 186 Theology of Blood, 223 Waldo, Dwight, 327 Theory of Justice, 34 Walid al-Ibrahim, 84 Thoreau, David, 161 War on Terror, The, 43 Tocqueville, Alexis de, 10, 10n25, 37 Wathiqatu al-Azhar, 194 Toth, James, 70n64 Watt, William Montgomery, 60 Treatises in the Jurisprudence of Jihad, 121 Weinberg, Steven, 2 Trump, Donald (President), 5 Weisman, Itzchak, 106n28 Turabi, 20 West Africa, 8 Turabi-Bashir alliance, 45 West Bank, 141 Turkestan, 271 Wiktorowicz, Quintan, 351n1 Turkey, 13, 95 Wilson, Woodrow, 39 Turki al-Bin’ali, 203 Wizer, Michael, 33 Turner, Bryant, 34 World Assembly of Muslim Youth (WAMY), 77 World Bank, 44 U World Islamic Front for Jihad Ubudiyyah, 12 Against the Jews and the Uganda, 36 Crusaders, The, 12 UN Charter, 9 World Islamist Movement, 267 United Kingdom (UK), 149 World Trade Center, United Nations (UN), 10, 40, 311 256, 262 United Nations Security Council World War I, 147 (UNSC), 9 World War II, 9, 41 Urabi Revolution, 149 USAID, 42 USS Cole, 14, 257 Y USSR, see Soviet Union Yazidi, 356 Utilitarianism, 31 Yemen, 1 Yezidis, 210 Yugoslavia, 104 V Vietnam, 211 Z Zarqawi, 210 W Zayn al-Abidin, 58n23 Wael Ghonim, 177, 334 Zaynab al-Ghazali, 106 Wael Hallaq, 108 Ziauddin Sardar, 109n36 Wafd Party, 334 Zoroastrians, 229