Developments and Challenges in the Hospitality and Tourism Sector

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Developments and Challenges in the Hospitality and Tourism Sector GDFHTS/2010 INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION Sectoral Activities Programme Developments and challenges in the hospitality and tourism sector Issues paper for discussion at the Global Dialogue Forum for the Hotels, Catering, Tourism Sector (23–24 November 2010) Geneva, 2010 INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE GENEVA Copyright © International Labour Organization 2010 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered in the United Kingdom with the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP [Fax: (+44) (0)20 7631 5500; email: [email protected]], in the United States with the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 [Fax: (+1) (978) 750 4470; email: [email protected]] or in other countries with associated Reproduction Rights Organizations, may make photocopies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. ISBN 978-92-2-123947-5 (print) ISBN 978-92-2-123948-2 (Web pdf) First edition 2010 The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. ILO publications can be obtained through major booksellers or ILO local offices in many countries, or direct from ILO Publications, International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland. Catalogues or lists of new publications are available free of charge from the above address, or by email: [email protected]. Visit our web site: www.ilo.org/publns. Printed by the International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland Preface This paper has been prepared by the International Labour Office as a basis for discussions at the Global Dialogue Forum on new developments and challenges in the hospitality and tourism sector and their impact on employment, human resources development and industrial relations. The Governing Body of the ILO decided at its 304th Session (March 2009) that the two-day tripartite Forum would be held in Geneva, from 23 to 24 November 2010; would be composed of seven Worker and seven Employer participants, selected after consultations with the respective groups of the Governing Body; and would be open to representatives of all interested governments. Its purpose would be to evaluate and discuss new developments and challenges for the tourism sector and their impact on employment, human resources development and industrial relations. The Forum could adopt conclusions that would be the basis of subsequent action by the ILO and its constituents. The Global Dialogue Forum is part of the ILO‘s Sectoral Activities Programme, defined by the ILO programme and budget, aimed at assisting governments, employers‘ and workers‘ organizations to develop their capacities to deal equitably and effectively with social and labour problems in particular economic sectors. Sectoral action programmes, technical cooperation, advisory and research activities, and tripartite meetings contribute to ILO strategic objectives. Such meetings bring together a cross- section of government, employer and worker representatives from various countries, and aim to strengthen tripartism and promote social dialogue at the international level. GDFHTS-R-[2010-08-0058-1]-En.docv2 iii Contents Page Preface ............................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................... vii Abbreviations and acronyms ............................................................................................................. ix Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Defining the hotels, catering and tourism sector and the scope of the issues paper............... 1 1. Structure and characteristics of the sector ............................................................................... 5 1.1. The hotel, catering and tourism industry ........................................................................ 5 1.2. International tourist arrivals ............................................................................................ 6 1.3. A fragmented industry .................................................................................................... 7 1.4. Employment .................................................................................................................... 11 1.5. Working conditions ......................................................................................................... 14 1.6. Social dialogue ................................................................................................................ 18 1.7. Economic development, poverty reduction and foreign direct investment (FDI) .......... 19 2. The impact of the financial and economic crisis on the HCT industry ................................... 21 2.1. The effects of the global recession .................................................................................. 21 2.2. Employment impact and recovery .................................................................................. 23 2.3. Crisis impact on wages and working hours .................................................................... 25 2.4. Stimulus packages to limit the effects of the crisis ......................................................... 27 3. New forms of ownership and operations ................................................................................ 29 3.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 29 3.2. Forms of ownership ........................................................................................................ 29 3.3. Impact on HRD, qualification and skills development .................................................. 33 4. Major trends and diversification in the hospitality and tourism sector ................................... 35 4.1. Ageing population and demographic change .................................................................. 35 4.2. Migration ........................................................................................................................ 36 4.3. Emerging markets ........................................................................................................... 38 4.4. Medical and wellness tourism ......................................................................................... 40 4.5. Information and communications technologies (ICTs) .................................................. 41 4.6. Climate change ............................................................................................................... 43 4.7. Diversification of tourism products ................................................................................ 45 4.8. Impact on HRD, qualification and skills development ................................................... 46 GDFHTS-R-[2010-08-0058-1]-En.docv2 v 5. Sustainable tourism and social dialogue ................................................................................. 48 5.1. Sustainability – Key for economic growth, employment creation and decent work ...... 48 Sustainable development .............................................................................................. 48 Sustainable tourism ....................................................................................................... 48 Sustainable enterprise development .............................................................................. 50 5.2. Corporate social responsibility and international framework agreements ...................... 52 Corporate social responsibility ..................................................................................... 52 International Framework Agreements .......................................................................... 54 5.3. International instruments aimed to promote tourism sustainability ............................... 55 5.4. Sustainable measures and initiatives undertaken by the tourism industry ...................... 56 5.5. Paths towards sustainable tourism .................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Fact Sheet: Benefits of Hawaii's Tourism Economy
    Fact Sheet: Benefits of Hawai‘i’s Tourism Economy Hawai‘i Tourism Industry in 20191 Tourism is the largest single source of private capital for Hawai‘i’s economy. In 2019, Hawai‘i’s tourism economy has recorded. Visitor Spending: $17.75 billion (+1.4%, +$244.4 million YOY versus 20182). Statewide: $48.6 million in average visitor spending daily: • O‘ahu: $22.4 million per day • Maui: $14.0 million per day • Island of Hawai‘i: $6.4 million per day • Kaua‘i: $5.2 million per day State Tax Revenue: $2.07 billion (+1.4%,+$28.5 million YOY versus 2018). Visitor Arrivals: 10,424,995 (+5.4% YOY versus 2018). On any given day were 249,000 visitors in the Hawaiian Islands. Jobs supported: 216,000 Air Seats: 13,619,349 (+2.9% YOY versus 2018). Opportunities for Continued Growth Increased arrivals during shoulder periods: April-May and October-November. Renovations, upgrades to Hawai‘i’s tourism product (hotels, attractions, natural resources). Increased distribution of visitors to the neighbor islands. TAT Collections FY 2018 TAT Distribution FY 2019 TAT Distribution ($ millions) ($ millions) Convention Convention Center Enterprise Center Enterprise Special Fund, Special Fund, Tourism $16.5 Tourism Special $26.5 Special Fund, Department of Fund, $82.0 $79.0 Land and Natural Department of Resources, Land and Natural $3.0 Resources, General Fund, $3.0 General Fund, Counties, $103.0 $315.2 Counties, $103.0 $340.0 Turtle Bay Conservation Turtle Bay Easement Conservation Fund, $1.5 Easement Fund, $1.5 Mass Transit Mass Transit Special Fund, Special Fund, $23.6 $57.4 FY 2017: The state collected $508.38 million in transient accommodations tax (TAT=9.25%).
    [Show full text]
  • Oil Shale Economics Existing Analyses Do Not Measure Impacts of Commercial Development Adequately
    Oil Shale Economics Existing Analyses Do Not Measure Impacts of Commercial Development Adequately Is oil shale economically viable? Even the federal government does not know. And yet, in making the case for accelerated commercial development of oil shale and tar sands resources in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming, President Bush’s Departments of Energy (DOE) and the Interior (DOI) pointed to a range of macroeconomic, socioeconomic, and consumer benefi ts that would result. However, a close review of data and existing studies reveals far diff erent conclusions. What’s at Stake? Environmental quality is a As Colorado’s Governor, Bill Ritt er, has argued, oil shale critical economic force in leasing on top of the “existing network of energy develop- oil shale country and the environmental amenities provid- ment and changing land uses will put more pressure on an ed by public lands are an important economic driver. Areas already fragile ecosystem and public temperament.” proposed for oil shale development overlap with tourism, agriculture, and recreational opportunities. Older workers Th e federal and retirees, who are drawn to the region because of its What’s the Problem? government environment and quality of life, bring with them invest- has a poor understanding of the economic and socio- ment, retirement, and other non-employment income. economic impacts of commercial oil shale development. Despite DOI’s att empt to address the information defi cit What’s at Risk? Water demands for shale through the federal RD&D program, there are inextricable development will come at questions that need to be answered regarding how industrial the expense of local farms and ranches.
    [Show full text]
  • Qualicum Beach Retail and Tourism Gap and Opportunity Analysis
    Qualicum Beach Retail and Tourism Gap and Opportunity Analysis May 2009 Prepared for: Town of Qualicum Beach By: Coriolis Consulting Corp. RETAIL AND TOURISM GAP AND OPPORTUNITY ANALYSIS Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 2.0 Retail and Service Market Analysis ...................................................................... 2 2.1 Qualicum Beach’s Role in the Regional Retail and Service Market ................. 2 2.2 Trade Area Population Trends and Projections ................................................. 2 2.2.1 Existing Population and Recent Trends ................................................... 2 2.2.2 Population Projections ............................................................................. 4 2.3 Retail and Service Market Conditions in Qualicum Beach ................................ 4 2.3.1 Types of Businesses ............................................................................... 4 2.3.2 Vacancy .................................................................................................. 5 2.3.3 Recent Development ............................................................................... 6 2.3.4 Commercial Character ............................................................................. 6 2.3.5 Demand for Retail and Service Floor Space ............................................ 6 2.4 Economic Viability of Retail Development ........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Future Strategies for Promoting Tourism and Petroleum Heritage in Khuzestan Province, Iran
    Future strategies for promoting tourism and petroleum heritage in Khuzestan Province, Iran Sahar Amirkhani, Neda Torabi Farsani and Homa Moazzen Jamshidi Abstract Sahar Amirkhani and Purpose – Industrial tourism not only strives to preserve industrial heritage, but can also be a strategy for being Neda Torabi Farsani are both familiar with the history of industry and attracting tourists to new destinations. This paper examines the issue of based at the Department of promoting petroleum industrial tourism in the case of Khuzestan, Iran. The research aims at determining Museum and Tourism, Art appropriate strategies for promoting petroleum industrial tourism. University of Isfahan, – Design/methodology/approach The data were analysed through a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, Isfahan, Iran. and threats (SWOT) model. Homa Moazzen Jamshidi is Findings – The results revealed the competitive strategy as the best. Lastly, strategies such as: concentric based at the Department of diversification, joint venture strategy, conglomerate diversification and horizontal diversification were proposed Economics and Arts as key solutions. The results support the view that establishing an exploratory ecomuseum in the territory of Entrepreneurship, Art Khuzestan Province can be a suitable concentric diversification strategy towards petroleum industrial sustainable tourism in the future. University of Isfahan, Originality/value – The main originality of this paper includes linking tourism with the petroleum (oil and natural Isfahan, Iran. gas) industry
    [Show full text]
  • Facilitating Music Tourism for Scotland's
    Facilitating Music Tourism for Scotland’s Creative Economy AHRC Creative Economy Engagement Fellowship Report Dr Matthew Ord Dr Adam Behr Contents Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... i List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... ii Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... iii Summary of Key findings .............................................................................................................. iii Key recommendations ..................................................................................................................... v Further research .............................................................................................................................. vi Introduction: music tourism in Scotland ............................................................................... 1 What is music tourism? What is a music tourist? ........................................................................... 3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 1. Connecting music and tourism: knowledge and networks ............................... 5 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • SOUVENIR MARKETING in TOURISM RETAILING SHOPPER and RETAILER PERCEPTIONS by KRISTEN K
    SOUVENIR MARKETING IN TOURISM RETAILING SHOPPER AND RETAILER PERCEPTIONS by KRISTEN K. SWANSON, B.S., M.S. A DISSERTATION IN CLOTHING, TEXTILES, AND MERCHANDISING Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved Accepted August, 1994 1 o t.i.H" ^b^/ •b C'J ® 1994 Kristen Kathleen Swanson ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The researcher would like to thank Dr. Patricia Horridge, advisor and friend, for her guidance and support at Texas Tech University. Dr. Horridge continually gives of herself to encourage and inspire her students. Additionally, this researcher would like to thank Dr. Claud Davidson, Dr. linger Eberspacher, Dr. Lynn Huffman, and Dr. JoAnn Shroyer for allowing this exploratory research to take place, and keep the study grounded. Each committee member took time to listen, evaluate and strengthen this study. Thank you to Tom Combrink, Arizona Hospitality Research and Resource Center, Northern Arizona University, for assisting with the statistical analysis. Further, this researcher would like to thank all of the graduate students who came before her, for it is by their accomplishments and mistakes that the present study was enhanced. The researcher would like to thank her husband James Power, her parents Richard and Bonnie Swanson, and Bill and Ruby Power, and special friends Chris and Judy Everett for their constant support in accomplishing this study and the degree which comes with the work. 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT vii LIST OF TABLES ix CHAPTER L INTRODUCTION 1 Theoretical Framework 2 Statement of Problem 3 Purposes of the Study 6 Research Objectives and Questions 7 Research Objectives 7 Research Questions 8 Limitations 9 Definition of Terms 9 II.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesson 1: Introduction to Hospitality and Tourism
    Lesson 1: Introduction to Hospitality and Tourism Unit: Hospitality and Tourism Lesson 1: Introduction to Hospitality and Tourism National Content Standards Grade Level 10-12 10.1.1 Determine the roles and functions of individuals engaged in hospitality, tourism, and recreation careers. 10.1.2 Explore opportunities for employment and entrepreneurial endeavors. 10.1.4 Examine the impact of hospitality, tourism, and recreation occupations on local, state, national, and global economies. Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: Explain what the Hospitality and Tourism industry is and how it affects economies Give examples of jobs relating to and/or affected by the different sectors of the H & T industry. Show how tourism dollars flow into an economy because of the H & T industry Introduction The word hospitality comes from the Latin word hospes, which means host or guest. Hospitality has come to mean meeting the needs of guests with kindness and goodwill. The hospitality and tourism industry (H &T industry) meets the needs of people with kindness and goodwill while they are away from their homes. The H & T industry is broken into four service sectors: food and beverage, lodging, recreation, and travel and tourism. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), H & T is the world’s largest industry, and has a current annual growth rate of 4.2% worldwide. In USA dollars, the world H & T industry is expected to generate over $6.4 trillion in 2007. By 2016 it is projected to generate $12.1 trillion. Hospitality creates jobs, allows economies to grow, and helps people explore the world for personal satisfaction or business.
    [Show full text]
  • White+Paper+Music+10.Pdf
    In partnership with COPYRIGHT INFORMATION This white paper is written for you. Wherever you live, whatever you do, music is a tool to create connections, develop relationships and make the world a little bit smaller. We hope you use this as a tool to recognise the value in bringing music and tourism together. Copyright: © 2018, Sound Diplomacy and ProColombia Music is the New Gastronomy: White Paper on Music and Tourism – Your Guide to Connecting Music and Tourism, and Making the Most Out of It Printed in Colombia. Published by ProColombia. First printing: November 2018 All rights reserved. No reproduction or copying of this work is permitted without written consent of the authors. With the kind support of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO). The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of the UNWTO or its members. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinions whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Tourism Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Address Sound Diplomacy Mindspace Aldgate, 114 Whitechapel High St, London E1 7PT Address ProColombia Calle 28 # 13a - 15, piso 35 - 36 Bogotá, Colombia 2 In partnership with CONTENT MESSAGE SECRETARY-GENERAL, UNWTO FOREWORD EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCING MUSIC TOURISM 1.1. Why Music? 1.2. Music as a Means of Communication 1.3. Introducing the Music and Tourism Industries 1.3.1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economic and Social Impact of the Gaming Industry During Economic Downturns
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2017 The economic nda social impact of the gaming industry during economic downturns Byron Aaron Marlowe Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Economics Commons Recommended Citation Marlowe, Byron Aaron, "The ce onomic and social impact of the gaming industry during economic downturns" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 15363. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15363 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The economic and social impact of the gaming industry during economic downturns by Byron Marlowe A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Hospitality Management Program of Study Committee: Tianshu Zheng, Major Professor Thomas Schrier Young-A Lee Ching-Hui Su Eunha Jeong The student author and the program of study committee are solely responsible for the content of this dissertation. The Graduate College will ensure this dissertation is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2017
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Innovation and Tourism: the Case of Smart Tourism
    International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 23 (2017) pp. 13861-13867 © Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com The Relationship between Innovation and Tourism: The Case of Smart Tourism Dr. Demet Tüzünkan Assistant Professor Woosong College Sol International Hotel & Foodservice Department. 171, Dongdaejeon-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon, Korea, 34606. 0000-0003-0440-294X Abstract Innovation can be an idea, practice, process, or product that turns a problem-solving idea into practice (Ottenbacher and Innovation, derived from the Latin word "innovatus", means Gnoth, 2005: 206). Indeed, Drucker considers innovation as to turn an idea into a product that can be sold or developed an opportunity (Sipe and Testa, 2009: 2). Therefore, (goods or services) (TÜSİAD, 2003:53). Innovation means to innovation is not just a concept for concrete products, but also start using new methods in the social, cultural and for businesses that provide services to customers, such as administrative environment and it is covered with words such restaurant or hotel management. as renovation or renewal. However, the meaning of innovation is too broad to be expressed in a single word. According to the In today's increasingly competitive environment, scientists, Oslo Guide, innovation is the implementation of a new or researchers and practitioners focus on the necessity and significantly improved product (good or service), or process, a importance of innovation to achieve sustainable competitive new marketing method, or a new organizational method in advantage and focus on improving products, processes, business practices, workplace organization or external techniques or procedures and constantly changing their relations and thus transforming it into economic and social managerial understandings (Oerlemans, Buys and Pretorius, benefits (Demirkaya ve Zengin, 2014:107).
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Innovation in Tourism. a Conceptual and Review Approach
    International Journal of Research in Tourism and Hospitality (IJRTH) Volume 2, Issue 4, 2016, PP 5-10 ISSN 2455-0043 http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2455-0043.0204002 www.arcjournals.org Strategic Innovation in Tourism. A Conceptual and Review Approach Almaz Sandybayev Faculty Member, Business Administration Department, Abu Dhabi Men’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, UAE Abstract: Tourism is one of the fastest growing and promising areas of management with a high economic and social importance for the economy of many countries. Current conditions of tough competition in the tourist market, economic and political instability in many regions, the fast-growing needs and demands of tourists are proposing a new challenge of transition to an innovative path of tourism development industry. The article discusses the issues of strategic innovative activity in the sphere of tourism and presents the main areas of innovation in the tourism sector, as well as factors affecting the innovative development of tourism. According to the author, the number of factors underlying features of innovative activity in the sphere of tourism includes specific properties of the tourism product, producers and consumers of tourism services. The purpose of the article is to describe the principles and basic requirements for the management system of innovation in tourism in the macro- and microeconomic levels. Keywords: tourism, innovation, innovation in tourism, management. 1. INTRODUCTION Innovation is considered as a major source of competitive advantage and economic growth (Porter and Ketels, 2003). Innovation is a set of scientific, technological, organizational, financial and commercial activities aimed at commercialization of existing knowledge, technologies and equipment.
    [Show full text]
  • Music Industry's Contribution Towards Inclusive And
    MUSIC INDUSTRY’S CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THE CASE OF CUBA «THE MUSIC ISLAND» 1 MUSIC INDUSTRY’S CONTRIBUTION TOWARDS INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT THE CASE OF CUBA «THE MUSIC ISLAND» Strengthening the competitiveness, organizational perfomance and export capacity of the Cuban music industry SEPTEMBER 2017 PRESENTATION 5 CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES FOR AN INCLUSIVE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 7 Cultural and creative industries at global level and in the region of Latin American and the Caribbean 9 The music industry within the creative universe 12 UNIDO´s approach for creative industries 16 Cuba «the Music Island». Opportunities for developing its music industry 18 CURRENT CONTEXT Undertaking of this study counted on the participation of researchers, © ONUDI, MINCULT, All rights reserved. OF THE MUSIC specialists and management officials of the system of institutions of the © On the present edition: Project ONUDI-MINCULT-KOICA (150354) INDUSTRY IN CUBA 37 Ministry of Culture of Cuba (ICM, CIDMUC, CENDA, ACDAM, CUBARTE), its «Strengthening of competiveness, organizational performance and export record labels (EGREM, Bis Music, Abdala, Colibrí), the United Nations In- capacity of the Cuban music industry», 2017. dustrial Development Organization and international consultancy Sound Potentialities of the music Diplomacy. With the information collected, drafting of this document was This document has been produced without formal United Nations edition. industry in Cuba 39 in charge of the following
    [Show full text]