Reproductive Rights Law & Justice

Reproductive Rights Law & Justice 2017 COURSE SURVEY 2 REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS LAW & JUSTICE / 2017 COURSE SURVEY

Contents INTRODUCTION 3 METHODOLOGY 4 Survey Process for 2017 4 Categorization 4

RESULTS 5 Number of Schools 5 Number of States 6 Increase in Course Offerings 6 New Courses 7 If/When/How Advocacy 8

APPENDIX: RRLJ COURSES AT LAW SCHOOLS 2003-2018 11

3 REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS LAW & JUSTICE / 2017 COURSE SURVEY

INTRODUCTION

If/When/How is a national nonprofit that trains, networks, and mobilizes law students and legal professionals to work within and beyond the legal system to champion reproductive justice. If/When/How believes that reproductive justice will exist when all people have the ability to decide if, when, and how to create and sustain families with dignity, free from discrimination, coercion, or violence. Achieving reproductive justice requires a critical transformation of the legal system, from an institution that often perpetuates oppression to one that realizes justice.1

From our own experiences and from our members we know that most formal legal education devotes little time to reproductive rights doctrine; lacks an intersectional analysis; or may even dismiss abortion jurisprudence as an erroneous feat of judicial activism bound to be overturned. These deficiencies send a misleading message to the current generation of law students that reproductive rights law is neither a legitimate field of study nor a worthwhile area of practice. If/When/How wants to counter this message.

From its early days, If/When/How has supported law student campaigns for new reproductive rights law and justice (RRLJ) courses, believing such efforts constitute important steps in a larger movement toward the de- marginalization of reproductive rights law within the legal academy. As we institutionalized our curriculum advocacy programming through the Course Campaign Working Group and counted new course victories spearheaded by students, our members and supporters repeatedly asked for our assessment of the landscape of reproductive rights law within legal education. To understand the big picture, we launched the Reproductive Rights Law & Justice Course Survey in 2009 to collect information about RRLJ course offerings at all American Bar Association (ABA) - approved law schools since If/When/How’s founding in 2003.

The results of the first survey, completed in 2010, confirmed much of what we already knew about the limited opportunities law students have to study reproductive rights law as part of their legal training. We found that from 2003 to 2010, less than one out of every five (18%) law schools surveyed had ever offered a reproductive rights- related course. However, the number of RRLJ courses offered at law schools has increased year by year, in part due to advocacy by If/When/How, and we remain optimistic that it will continue to do so in the future.

In the wake of the 2016 presidential election and the renewed efforts by elected officials to curtail reproductive rights and health care access, issues pertaining to reproductive rights and justice continue to take center stage in the national conversation. These circumstances spotlight the importance of RRLJ courses to train the new generation of legal practitioners and thought leaders on reproductive rights and justice issues so that they can meaningfully engage with these topics in the public square.

If/When/How is excited to publish the 2017 Course Survey, offering the latest data and analysis on RRLJ courses in U.S. law schools and serving both to support course campaigns and to encourage dialogue among professors, students, administrators, and practitioners. The Course Survey captures the results of sustained efforts by If/When/How staff, students, and alumni, as well as academic allies, to grow curricular offerings and expose law students to important reproductive rights and justice issues.

1 The terms “reproductive rights” and “reproductive justice” are rooted in different analyses and strategies. The reproductive rights framework is a legal model that serves to protect an individual’s right to reproductive decision-making. The reproductive justice framework employs a broader, intersectional analysis that emphasizes the ways that race, class, gender, sexuality, ability, age, and immigration status can affect a person or community’s reproductive lives. For more information, see Forward Together, “A New Vision for Advancing Our Movement for Reproductive Health, Reproductive Rights and Reproductive Justice” (2005), http://forwardtogether.org/assets/docs/ACRJ-A-New-Vision.pdf.

METHODOLOGY

SURVEY PROCESS FOR 2017

Data compilation for the course survey concluded in October 2017. The surveyed period includes the 2016-17 and 2017-18 academic years.2 If/When/How reviewed online course information for the 201 American Bar Association (ABA) -approved law schools in the U.S. that confer Juris Doctor (J.D.) degrees3 and contacted instructors and law school registrars to obtain additional information not available from law school websites. If/When/How made every effort to gather accurate course information, but recognizes that inaccuracies may remain. We welcome corrections to the information contained in this report.4

CATEGORIZATION

The philosophy and substance of law school courses often vary according to the priorities and preferences of individual instructors. Although reproductive justice topics may appear on syllabi in a number of different law school classes, from family law to bioethics to criminal procedure, we chose to focus specifically on courses dedicated to teaching reproductive rights law and justice (RRLJ) concepts.

There are several reasons for this focus. If/When/How believes in the value of having independent, RRLJ-focused course offerings because it signals that this area of law is legitimate and worthy of study. We applaud professors who thoughtfully incorporate reproductive justice-related topics into a variety of courses; however, one or two class sessions focusing on reproductive rights and justice throughout an entire law school career is insufficient for meaningful engagement with the material. And while some professors may dedicate a greater proportion of time to reproductive rights and justice topics in their health law, family law, or poverty law courses, it would be impossible to identify these particular courses for inclusion in the survey without carefully examining each individual course syllabus—a task that currently exceeds If/When/How’s capacity.

If/When/How largely relied on the language of the course title and description to determine whether a course should be counted in the survey, and when possible, examined the syllabus (when available) or communicated with the instructor when course names appeared ambiguous. Eligible courses include a combination of the following words or phrases: reproduction, reproductive law and policy, reproductive rights, reproductive justice, women’s health, abortion, sexual rights, pregnancy, and baby-making. We refer to the courses that fit these criteria as RRLJ courses.

The constraints also guide our decision to exclude most “gender/sexuality and the law” courses and sex discrimination courses from the results of the survey. While these courses undoubtedly address important concerns about the regulation of bodies, gender, and sexuality in our society—issues that have shaped reproductive rights jurisprudence and continue to influence law and policy in this area—they generally cover a much more limited set of RRLJ issues. By excluding these types of courses, it is possible we will miss certain classes that are taught from a sustained reproductive justice perspective, but we anticipate such courses constitute a small number.

Finally, we have also excluded most assisted reproductive technology (ART) and bioethics courses from the survey, unless we were able to determine that they included sufficient RRLJ content (via syllabus or communication with the instructor). Although the use and regulation of ART is an important reproductive justice issue, these courses tend to include lighter coverage of the law and policies governing reproductive rights and may lack an intersectional approach. Many ART and bioethics courses are taught by faculty with specialized backgrounds in bioethics and

2 The surveyed period covers the Fall 2016, Winter 2016, Spring 2017, Summer 2017, Fall 2017, Winter 2017, and Spring 2018 terms; these terms may be semesters or quarters, depending on the law school. At the time of the report, course data for Winter 2017 and Spring 2018 was only partially available for some schools. 3 ABA-Approved Law Schools, available at https://www.americanbar.org/groups/legal_education/resources/aba_approved_law_schools.html. We did not survey law schools that have ABA provisional approval or the Judge Advocate General’s (JAG) School. 4 All corrections and relevant additional information may be emailed to [email protected].

philosophy, rather than in constitutional law, human rights, or critical theory. This is certainly a valuable perspective for students grappling with various legal and moral issues raised by ART, and we applaud new courses in this area— including those secured through the efforts of the If/When/How Course Campaigns—but we believe that such courses should not preclude or supplant dedicated RRLJ course offerings. Therefore, courses whose primary focus is clearly ART or bioethics, with language such as reproductive technology, bioethics, medical ethics, assisted reproduction, genetics, or medical-legal in the title, were generally excluded from the survey.

As in previous reports, courses that teach the “abortion controversy” from an anti-abortion perspective were not counted in this survey.

RESULTS

NUMBER OF SCHOOLS

1 in 4 Law Schools Have Offered RRLJ Courses

To date, 54 law schools— a little more than one in four (27%) of the J.D. conferring schools fully-accredited by the ABA— have offered one or more RRLJ courses since 2003. This represents a sizable increase from the results of the first Course Survey in 2010, which found that less than one in five (18%) law schools offered RRLJ courses.

If/When/How found that during the 2016-17 academic year5, 25 law schools (12.4%) offered RRLJ courses, and in the 2017-18 academic year6, 15 law schools (7.5%)7 offered RRLJ courses.

The offerings from the 54 law schools amount to a total of 99 unique RRLJ courses8 since 2003.

Table 1. Results Overview for 2016- 2018 Academic Years

# Law schools surveyed in 2017 201

# Law schools offering RRLJ courses in 2016-17 25

# Law schools offering RRLJ courses in 2017-189 14

# RRLJ course offerings in 2016-17 29

# RRLJ course offerings in 2017-1810 15

# New RRLJ course offerings in 2016-17 9

# New RRLJ course offerings in 2017-18 4

% Surveyed law schools offering RRLJ courses in 2016-17 12.4%

% Surveyed law schools offering RRLJ courses in 2017-18 7.5%

5 Fall 2016, Winter 2016, Spring 2017, Summer 2017 terms. 6 Fall 2017, Winter 2017, Spring 2018, Summer 2018 terms. 7 At the time of the survey report, some law schools had not posted their Winter 2017 and Spring 2018 courses. 8 Including reading groups. 9 At the time of the survey report, some law schools had not posted their Winter 2017 and Spring 2018 courses. 10 Id.

Table 2. Results to Date – 2003 to 2017 # Law schools offering RRLJ courses since 2003 54

# Unique RRLJ courses groups since 2003 99

% Surveyed law schools offering RRLJ courses (out of 201 ABA accredited law schools) 27%

NUMBER OF STATES

Law Schools in 24 States and the District of Columbia Have Offered RRLJ Courses/Reading Groups

The 54 schools reporting RRLJ course offerings since 2003 are located in 24 states around the country (California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin) and the District of Columbia.

If/When/How currently has a presence at law school campuses located in all 24 of these states and Washington, D.C. For more information about If/When/How student chapters, please visit the website: www.ifwhenhow.org/chapters/.

INCREASE IN COURSE OFFERINGS

Administration of RRLJ Courses Has Steadily Increased Over the Years

The 99 unique RRLJ courses have been taught approximately 279 times over the 14 years surveyed. RRLJ courses have been offered more in spring semesters than in fall semesters.11 The majority of schools with dedicated RRLJ curricula reported seminar-style courses, followed by instructor-led reading groups and larger format lecture courses.

Table 3. Number of Courses Administered Each Semester12 03- 04- 05- 06- 07- 08- 09- 10- 11- 12- 13- 14- 15- 16- 17- Semester 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1813 Fall 3 2 3 7 4 9 8 13 5 10 8 7 10 13 10

Spring 1 2 5 7 11 12 13 14 16 10 6 10 17 13 5

Summer /Winter 1 3 2 3 1 3

11 For purposes of this report, the academic year runs from fall of one year through summer of the next year (e.g. summer 2017 is part of the 2016-17 academic year). 12 There are two additional courses that If/When/How verified have been taught five times and seven times, but the exact terms are unknown. Those administrations are not included in Table 3, but are counted towards the total course administrations. 13 At the time of publication, some law schools have not announced courses for Winter 2017 and Spring 2018; therefore, the final course numbers for 2017-18 will likely be higher.

NEW COURSES

New Courses Offered During 2016-17 and 2017-18 Academic Years

Nine (9) new courses were offered at nine law schools during 2016-17 and four (4) new courses were offered at four law schools in 2017-18. Three of the eight law schools (marked by “*” in the table below) offered RRLJ courses for the first time.

Table 4. New Courses Offered in 2016-17 Law School Course Name & Semester Offered Instructor 1 Harvard Law School Reproductive Justice (Spring 2017) Khiara Bridges

2 Georgetown University Law Reproductive Justice (Summer 2017) Jill Morrison Center 3 Stanford Law School Reproductive Justice Law (Winter 2016) Khiara Bridges

4 University of California, Selected Topics in Reproductive Justice (Spring Jill Adams Berkeley School of Law 2017) 5 University of the District of Reproductive Rights and Justice (Summer Abbey Marr Columbia David A. Clarke 2017) School of Law

6 University of Memphis Cecil C. Reproductive Rights/ Family Law Seminar (Fall Lynda Black Humphreys School of Law* 2016)

7 University of North Carolina Reproductive Rights and Justice Law (Spring Suzanne Buckley, School of Law* 2017) Jina Dhillon

8 University of Utah S.J. Quinney Reproductive Rights and Justice (Fall 2016) Laura Kessler College of Law*

9 Yale Law School Reproductive Rights and Justice (Fall 2016) Cary Franklin

Table 5. New Courses Offered in 2017-18 Law School Course Name & Semester Offered Instructor 1 Case Western Reserve Reproductive Rights Lab (Fall 2016) B. Jessie Hill University School of Law

2 Harvard Law School Reproductive Rights and Practices (Spring Carol Sanger 2018)

3 University of Pennsylvania Law Reproductive Rights and Justice (Spring 2018) Dorothy Roberts School

4 Yale Law School Reproductive Rights and Justice Project (Fall Priscilla Smith, 2017) Katherine Kraschel

Table 6. First-time Unique Course Administration, By Year 03- 04- 05- 06- 07- 08- 09- 10- 11- 12- 13- 14- 15- 16- 17- Year 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

# 4 3 5 6 5 10 8 8 8 5 4 4 9 9 4

IF/WHEN/HOW ADVOCACY

If/When/How Course Campaigns Contributed to 31% of the 99 RRLJ Courses Offered

If/When/How members, alumni, and allied faculty have been among those calling the loudest for more reproductive rights law and justice course offerings, and they have turned their words into action. Thirty-one (31%) of the 99 unique courses counted in the survey were created and approved, in part, due to the advocacy of If/When/How’s members, alumni, and allied faculty.

Since its inception in 2003, If/When/How has supported over 100 individual chapters in their pursuit of RRLJ courses, assisting law students in identifying appropriate instructors, mobilizing on-campus support, and petitioning their administrations for new curricular offerings. If/When/How has also supported alumni and faculty who want to teach RRLJ courses, connecting them to If/When/How chapters, supplying them with sample syllabi and reading materials, and acting as a sounding board for ideas. If/When/How is committed to helping students, alumni, and faculty navigate administrative and bureaucratic channels; identify and highlight gaps in the existing curriculum; cultivate allies among the faculty, student body, and administration; and prepare for likely objections to their new course proposals.

Table 7. RRLJ Courses Resulting from If/When/How Course Campaigns to Date Law School Course Name & Semester First Offered 1 Albany Law School Human Reproduction: Legal and Moral Issues (2004-05 Spring)

2 Columbia Law School Reproductive Health and Human Rights (2006-07 Fall)

3 Georgetown University Law Global and National Approaches to Reproductive Health and Law (2006- Center 07 Fall)

4 George Washington University Family Law Seminar: Reproductive Rights Law School (2006-07 Spring)

5 Golden Gate University School Reproductive Rights & Justice of Law (2010-11 Fall)

6 Harvard Law School Reproductive Rights and the Jurisprudence of Equality in the Context of a Transforming Supreme Court (2004-05 Fall)

7 Harvard Law School Reproductive Rights & Justice (2012-13 Spring)

8 New York Law School Reproductive Rights Law (2011-12 Fall)

9 Seattle University School of Reproductive Health: Law & Public Policy Law (2006-07 Fall)

10 Stanford Law School Reproductive Justice: Law, Policy and Advocacy (2012-13 Winter)

11 Temple University James E. Reproductive Health, Rights and Justice (2015-16 Spring) Beasley School of Law

12 Thomas Jefferson School of Reproductive Justice (2011-12 Spring) Law

13 University of California, The Future of Reproductive Rights: Doctrine and Discourse (2005-06 Fall) Berkeley School of Law

14 University of California, Davis Reproductive Rights, Law & Policy (2007-08 Spring) School of Law

15 University of California, Irvine Reproductive Justice Clinic (2015-16 Spring) School of Law

16 University of Chicago Law Reproductive Health and Justice (2014-15 Spring) School

17 University of the District of Reproductive Rights Law & Justice (2010 Summer) Columbia David A. Clarke School of Law

18 University of Maryland School Reproductive Justice and the Law (2011-12 Spring) of Law

19 University of Michigan School Reproductive Justice (2011-12 Spring) of Law

20 University of Minnesota Law Choice: The Law of Reproductive Rights14 (2008-09 Fall) School

21 University of North Carolina Reproductive Rights and Justice Law (2016-17 Spring) School of Law

22 University of Pennsylvania Reproductive Rights and Justice (2017-18 Spring)

23 University of South Dakota Sexuality, Reproduction and the Law (2013-14 Fall) School of Law

24 University of Southern Reproductive Rights and Justice (2008-09 Fall) California Gould School of Law

25 University of Texas School of Reproductive Rights and Justice (2010-11 Fall) Law

26 University of Utah S.J. Quinney Reproductive Rights and Justice (2016-17 Fall) College of Law

14 After the first administration of the course “Choice: The Law of Reproductive Rights,” the course name was changed to “The Law of Reproductive Rights.”

27 University of Washington Reproductive Rights: Law, Policy, and Justice (2010-11 Fall) School of Law

28 William and Mary Law School Directed Reading Course (2015-16 Spring)

29 Yale Law School Abortion Jurisprudence: The Road to Carhart & Beyond (Reading Group) (2007-08 Spring)

30 Yale Law School Pregnancy Discrimination, Abortion & Equality (Reading Group) (2008-09 Fall)

31 Yeshiva University Benjamin N. Reproductive Rights Law (2015-16 Fall) Cardozo School of Law

Table 8. Additional Courses that Resulted from If/When/How Course Campaigns to Date (Not Counted as RRLJ Courses for Purposes of Survey) Law School Course Name & Semester First Offered

1 Hamline University School of Law Assisted Reproductive Technology & the Law (2008-09 Winter)

2 Stanford Law School Genetics and Reproductive Technologies (2011-12 Fall)

3 University of Arizona School of Law Reproductive Law & Ethics (2007-08 Fall)

4 University of California, Hastings College Social, Legal & Ethical Implications of Human Reproductive & of the Law Genetic Technologies (2008-09 Spring)

APPENDIX: RRLJ COURSES AT LAW SCHOOLS 2003-2018

Courses marked “*” refer to those resulting from If/When/How Course Campaigns

Law School Course Name Instructor Semester Albany Law School *Human Reproduction: Legal Katheryn Katz (2007-08), 2004-05 Spring and Moral Issues Alicia Ouellette 2006-07 Spring 2007-08 Spring 2008-09 Spring 2009-10 Spring 2010-11 Spring

American University Reproduction and the Law Pamela Bridgewater 2004-05 Spring Washington College of Law 2005-06 Spring 2006-07 Fall 2006-07 Spring

2007-08 Spring 2009-10 Fall 2010-11 Spring

American University Reproductive Rights and the Jessica Waters 2011-12 Spring Washington College of Law Law (called “Reproduction and 2013-14 Spring

the Law” in 2014) 2015-16 Spring

Boston University School of Law, Reproduction, and Sexual Orly Rachmilovitz 2012-13 Spring Law Health

Case Western Reserve Reproductive Rights Seminar B. Jessie Hill 2003-04 Fall University School of Law 2006-07 Fall 2008-09 Fall

2011-12 Spring 2013-14 Fall

Case Western Reserve Reproductive Rights Lab B. Jessie Hill 2016-17 Fall University School of Law 2017-18 Fall

City University of New York Reproductive Rights Topics in Caitlin Borgmann 2006-07 Spring School of Law Law 2008-09 Spring

2009-10 Spring

City University of New York Reproductive Justice: Richard Storrow 2015-16 Fall School of Law Alternative Reproductive

Technologies

Columbia Law School Reproductive Rights: Luisa Cabal 2013-14 Fall Comparative and International

Perspectives

Columbia Law School *Reproductive Health and Nancy Northup 2006-07 Fall Human Rights 2007-08 Fall

2008-09 Fall

Columbia Law School Abortion: Law in Context Carol Sanger 1 prior semester 2009-10 Spring 2012-13 Fall

2014-15 Fall 2015-16 Spring

Columbia Law School Regulation of Abortion Carol Sanger 2007-08 Spring

Drexel University Reproductive Rights Law Aimée Kahan 2009-10 Spring Thomas R. Kline School of 2011-12 Spring Law (formerly Earle Mack 2012-13 Spring School of Law)

Drexel University Bioethics, Babies and Kimberly Mutcherson 2011-12 Fall Thomas R. Kline School of Babymaking Law (formerly Earle Mack School of Law)

Duke University School of Reproductive Law Anne M. Dellinger 2005-06 Spring Law Dona Lewandowski 2007-08 Fall

Emory University School of Reproductive Issues Martha Fineman 2005-06 Spring Law 2006-07 Fall

2009-10 Fall

Fordham University School Reproductive Rights: Stephanie Toti 2009-10 Spring of Law Comparative Law 2010-11 Spring 2011-12 Spring 2012-13 Spring 2014-15 Spring 2015-16 Spring

George Washington *Family Law Seminar: Stephanie Ridder 2006-07 Spring University Law School Reproductive Rights 2007-08 Spring 2008-09 Spring 2009-10 Spring

2010-11 Spring 2011-12 Spring 2013-14 Fall

Georgetown University Law Gender, Sexual and Oscar Cabrera 2012-13 Fall Center Reproductive Health and Fanny Gomez-Lugo 2015-16 Fall International Human Rights 2016-17 Fall Law

Georgetown University Law *Global and National Julia Ernst 2006-07 Fall Center Approaches to Reproductive 2007-08 Fall

Health and Law 2008-09 Fall

Georgetown University Law Reproductive Justice Jill Morrison 2016-17 Summer Center

Golden Gate University *Reproductive Rights and Gail Quan 2010-11 Fall School of Law Justice 2011-12 Fall

2014-15 Spring

Harvard Law School Future of the Family: Adoption, Elizabeth Bartholet 2003-04 Fall Reproduction and Child 2004-05 Fall Welfare 2007-08 Spring

2009-10 Spring 2010-11 Spring

Harvard Law School *Reproductive Rights and the Janet Benshoof 2004-05 Fall Jurisprudence of Equality in 2005-06 Fall the Context of a Transforming 2006-07 Spring Supreme Court

Harvard Law School Reproductive Justice Khiara Bridges 2016-17 Spring

Harvard Law School International Mindy Roseman 2009-10 Spring Reproductive/Sexual Health 2010-11 Spring

Rights (Reading Group) 2011-12 Spring

Harvard Law School *Reproductive Rights & Justice Mindy Roseman, 2012-13 Spring Janet Halley (2015-16) 2013-14 Spring 2014-15 Spring 2015-16 Spring

Harvard Law School Reproductive Rights and Carol Sanger 2017-18 Spring Practices

Indiana University Maurer Seminar in Constitutional Law: Dawn Johnsen 2006-07 Fall School of Law Sexuality, Reproduction & the 2007-08 Fall Law 2008-09 Fall 2009-10 Fall 2010-11 Fall 2012-13 Fall 2013-14 Fall 2014-15 Fall

Indiana University Maurer Reproduction, Childhood and Jody Madeira 2007-08 Spring School of Law the Law 2008-09 Spring 2009-10 Spring

2010-11 Spring 2015-16 Spring

Lewis & Clark Law School Reproduction and the Law Paula Abrams 2008-09 Spring 2010-11 Spring 2012-13 Fall 2014-15 Fall

Loyola University New Reproductive Rights & the Carter Dillard 2009-10 Fall Orleans School of Law Constitution

New York Law School *Reproductive Rights Law Brigitte Amiri 2011-12 Fall 2015-16 Fall

New York University School Reproductive Justice Clinic & Sarah Burns 2014-15 Fall of Law Seminar (and Advanced RJ Julie Erlich 2014-15 Spring Clinic & Seminar) 2015-16 Fall 2015-16 Spring

2016-17 Fall 2016-17 Spring 2017-18 Fall

New York University School From Roman to Modern Law: Eva Cantarella 2005-06 Spring of Law Law of Persons, Family,

Abortion, Homosexuality

North Carolina Central Reproductive Rights Cheryl Amana 2009-10 Spring University School of Law Kia H. Vernon 2010-11 Spring (alternating years) 2011-12 Spring 2012-13 Spring

Northeastern University Reproductive and Sexual Aziza Ahmed 2010-11 Fall School of Law Rights and Health 2010-11 Winter 2010-11 Summer 2012-13 Spring 2012-13 Summer

2014-15 Fall 2015-16 Spring 2016-17 Fall 2016-17 Spring

Rutgers School of Law – Abortion Rights Controversy: N.E.H. Hull 4 prior semesters Camden Law, Policy and History 2010-11 Spring

Rutgers School of Law – Bioethics, Babies, and Kimberly Mutcherson 2012-13 Fall Camden Babymaking 2013-14 Spring 2014-15 Fall 2016-17 Spring

Santa Clara University Health Law Seminar: Michelle Oberman 2008-09 Spring School of Law Government Regulation of 2009-10 Fall

Reproduction 2011-12 Spring

Santa Clara University Health Law Seminar: Abortion Michelle Oberman 2014-15 Spring School of Law and the Law 2017-18 Spring

Seattle University School of *Reproductive Health, Law & Helen P. Howell 2006-07 Fall Law Public Policy

Stanford Law School Reproductive Justice Law Khiara Bridges 2016-17 Winter

Stanford Law School *Reproductive Justice: Law, Maggie Crosby 2012-13 Winter

Policy and Advocacy 2015-16 Spring

Temple University James E. *Reproductive Health, Rights, Elizabeth Kukura 2015-16 Spring Beasley School of Law and Justice

Thomas Jefferson School of *Reproductive Justice Joy Delman 2011-12 Spring Law 2012-13 Spring

University of California, Selected Topics in Jill Adams 2016-17 Spring Berkeley School of Law Reproductive Justice 2017-18 Spring

University of California, Women’s Health and the Law Jennifer Dunn 2009-10 Fall Berkeley School of Law

University of California, *The Future of Reproductive Kristin Luker 2005-06 Fall Berkeley School of Law Rights: Doctrine and 2010-11 Fall Discourse 2012-13 Fall 2013-14 Spring

University of California, Reproductive Rights and Melissa Murray 2015-16 Fall Berkeley School of Law Justice

University of California, *Reproductive Rights, Law & Lisa Ikemoto 2007-08 Spring Davis School of Law Policy 2010-11 Fall 2012-13 Fall

2014-15 Spring 2016-17 Spring

University of California, Women’s Health and the Law Jennifer Dunn 2010-11 Fall Hastings College of Law 2015-16 Fall 2016-17 Fall 2017-18 Fall

University of California, Constitution of the Family Radhika Rao 2008-09 Spring Hastings College of Law 2009-10 Spring

2010-11 Spring

University of California, Law of the Human Body Radhika Rao 2012-13 Fall Hastings College of Law

University of California, *Reproductive Justice Clinic Michele Goodwin 2015-16 Spring Irvine School of Law Lynn Riddle 2016-17 Fall

2017-18 Fall

University of California, Reproductive Rights, Medical Julie Cantor 2005-12 Los Angeles School of Law Ethics, and the Law15 (7 prior semesters)

2016-17 Fall 2017-18 Spring

University of Chicago Law *Reproductive Health and Lorie Chaiten 2014-15 Spring

School Justice 2015-16 Fall

15 Name changed IN 2016-17; previously “Reproduction, Medical Ethics and the Law.”

2016-17 Spring

University of Denver Sturm Legal and Medical Control of Nancy Ehrenreich 2003-04 Fall College of Law the Reproductive Process/ 2003-04 Spring Race, Class & Reproductive 2005-06 Spring Rights16 2006-07 Spring 2007-08 Spring 2008-09 Spring 2009-10 Spring 2011-12 Spring

University of the District of Reproductive Rights Law & Andrea Friedman 2012-13 Summer Columbia David A. Clarke Justice

School of Law

University of the District of Reproductive Rights and Abbey Marr 2016-17 Summer Columbia David A. Clarke Justice

School of Law

University of the District of *Reproductive Rights Law & Jill Morrison 2009-10 Summer Columbia David A. Clarke Justice 2010-11 Summer School of Law 2011-12 Summer 2014-15 Summer

University of Maryland *Reproductive Justice and the Leslie Meltzer Henry 2011-12 Spring School of Law Law 2015-16 Spring

University of Memphis, Reproductive Rights / Family Lynda Black 2016-17 Fall Cecil C. Humphreys School Law Seminar 2017-18 Fall

of Law

University of Michigan *Reproductive Justice Ed Goldman 2011-12 Spring School of Law 2012-13 Fall 2013-14 Fall 2014-15 Fall 2015-16 Fall 2017-18 Fall

University of Minnesota *Choice: The Law of Judith Younger 2008-09 Fall Law School Reproductive Rights/The Law 2009-10 Fall of Reproductive Rights17 2010-11 Fall 2011-12 Spring 2012-13 Spring

2013-14 Spring 2014-15 Spring 2015-16 Spring 2016-17 Spring

16 Starting in Spring 2008-09, the name of the class was changed. 17 After the first administration of the course “Choice: The Law of Reproductive Rights,” the name of the course was changed to “The Law of Reproductive Rights.”

University of North Carolina *Reproductive Rights and Suzanne Buckley 2016-17 Spring School of Law Justice Law Jina Dhillon

University of Pennsylvania Human Reproduction Law & Anita Allen 2008-09 Fall Law School Policy

University of Pennsylvania *Reproductive Rights and Dorothy Roberts 2017-18 Spring Law School Justice

University of Pittsburgh U. S. Reproductive Rights & David Garrow 2013-14 Fall School of Law Substantive Liberty 2015-16 Spring (also called U.S. Reproductive 2016-17 Fall Rights)

University of Pittsburgh Reproduction, Sexuality and Susan Frietsche 2005-06 Fall School of Law the Law Deborah Brake 2006-07 Spring 2007-08 Spring 2008-09 Spring 2009-10 Spring 2011-12 Fall

University of Pittsburgh Reproductive Law & Policy Susan Frietsche 2014-15 Spring School of Law 2015-16 Spring

2017-18 Fall

University of Richmond Regulating Reproduction Meredith Harbach 2015-16 Fall School of Law 2016-17 Fall

University of South Dakota Reproduction and the Law Hannah Haksgaard 2016-17 Spring School of Law

University of South Dakota *Sexuality, Reproduction, and Nancy Turbak Berry 2013-14 Fall School of Law the Law

University of Southern *Reproductive Rights and Kim S. Buchanan 2008-09 Fall California Gould School of Justice 2012-13 Spring

Law 2013-14 Spring

University of Texas School Reproductive Rights John Robertson 2015-16 Spring of Law

University of Texas School *Reproductive Rights and Zipporah Wiseman 2010-11 Fall of Law Justice 2010-11 Spring 2011-12 Spring

2012-13 Fall 2016-17 Spring

University of Utah, S.J. *Reproductive Rights & Justice Laura Kessler 2016-17 Fall Quinney College of Law 2017-18 Fall

University of Virginia The Law of Reproduction Lois Shepherd 2010-11 Fall School of Law 2011-12 Spring

University of Virginia Reproductive Ethics & Law Lois Shepherd 2014-15 Spring School of Law Mary Marshall 2015-16 Spring

2016-17 Spring

Univ. of Washington School *Reproductive Rights: Law, Sara Ainsworth 2010-11 Fall of Law Policy, and Justice 2011-12 Winter

University of Wisconsin Past, Present, Future of Andrew Coan 2008-09 Spring Law School Reproductive Freedom 2010-11 Fall

Widener University School Reproductive Rights Andrew Newman 2008-09 Fall of Law

William & Mary Law School *Directed Reading Course Cynthia Ward 2015-16 Spring

Yale Law School Reproductive Rights in Europe Joanna Erdman 2011-12 Spring (Reading Group)

Yale Law School Reproductive Rights and Cary Franklin 2016-17 Fall Justice

Yale Law School Rights, Justice & Theory in Kara Loewentheil 2012-13 Spring Reproductive Politics (Reading

Group)

Yale Law School Practice & The Page: Kara Loewentheil 2013-14 Fall Reproductive Rights in Priscilla Smith Doctrine & Reality (Reading Group)

Yale Law School Rights in Conflict: Abortion and Reva Siegel 2010-11 Fall Same-Sex Marriage Linda Greenhouse

Yale Law School *Abortion Jurisprudence: The Priscilla Smith 2007-08 Spring Road to Carhart & Beyond

(Reading Group)

Yale Law School *Pregnancy Discrimination, Priscilla Smith 2008-09 Fall Abortion & Equality (Reading

Group)

Yale Law School At Home and Abroad: Priscilla Smith 2008-09 Spring Reproductive Rights Through a Comparative Lens (Reading Group)

Yale Law School Problems in Procreation, Priscilla Smith 2009-10 Fall

Pregnancy and Parenting

(Reading Group)

Yale Law School Cases in Reproductive Justice Priscilla Smith 2010-11 Fall Lawyering

Yale Law School Reproductive Rights, Fertility Priscilla Smith 2010-11 Spring and ART

Yale Law School Liberty/Equality/Compelling Priscilla Smith 2011-12 Fall Speech: Problems in Reproductive Justice (Reading Group)

Yale Law School Reproductive Rights and Priscilla Smith 2016-17 Spring Justice Project: Seminar & Katherine Kraschel 2017-18 Fall

Fieldwork

Yeshiva University Reproduction Policy and Law Adrienne Asch 2007-08 Spring Benjamin N. Cardozo Edward Stein (2008-09) 2008-09 Spring

School of Law 2010-11 Spring

Yeshiva University *Reproductive Rights Law Katharine Bodde 2015-16 Fall Benjamin N. Cardozo 2016-17 Fall

School of Law 2017-18 Fall