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GLOBAL JUSTICE CENTER ANNUAL REPORT 2006 LETTER FROM JANET BENSHOOF, PRESIDENT STRATEGIC LAWyERING for critical people at critical times in critical places Dear Friends, The Global Justice Center’s first year has been a tremendously Women leaders in transitional democracies or conflict areas are asking exciting journey. We began 2006 as a vision, an idea, and ended the global community to help them learn how to use international legal the year as reality—a growing voice within the international human tools to enforce their rights to political power and justice. They also rights community. Over the course of my 30 plus years as a lawyer, want to know how other women have managed to get these political I have rarely, if ever, experienced this kind of energy and momen- rights. The GJC is pioneering models that women across cultures can tum across cultures, countries and generations. We have you to use to guarantee their right to self-determination and control over the thank, you—our friends, supporters, volunteers and staff—who are policies that affect their lives. This right is a universal human right that is the Global Justice Center. not specific to geographic location, or religious or cultural background, and the value of this endeavor is immeasurable. In its first year in operation, the Global Justice Center has already demonstrated that enforcing international legal rights to equal- For me, the Global Justice Center is the culmination of a vision I have ity and justice can have a powerful effect not only on the global had for years, a vision whose strength still prevails when tribalism, na- rights framework but on the foreign policy priorities of countries tionalism, sectarianism, fundamentalism and, yes, sexism, appear to including the United States. Women’s right to equality is essential to gain the upper hand. Life is too short not to have a long term vision. For increased global security and development, yet the kinds of proj- me—and I hope for you too—the Global Justice Center is that vision. ects that the GJC implements are noticeably absent from other organizations’ agendas. GJC programs—even with such low bud- gets—have generated projects in Burma, Thailand, and Iraq that Best Wishes, have been met with enthusiastic responses from leaders such as Nobel Piece Prize Winner Aung San Sui Kyi, UN Appointed Expert on gender and conflict (and former Defense Minister of Finland) Elisa- beth Rehn, and Iraqi Ambassador to the US, Samir Al-Sumaidie. The content of every program, along with the materials, is now widely distributed and have spawned translations, discussions, letters, law Janet Benshoof articles, and petitions to government groups and leaders. President and Founder OUR MISSION AND VISION O U R V I S I O N The Global Justice Center envisions a world where women are active makers and enforcers of public policy and law, especially during times of democratic transition and consolidation, and their human rights are protected and ensured. O U R M I S S I O N GL O BAL JUSTICE No W The Global Justice Center equips leaders in The need for the Global Justice Center is im- developing democracies with the legal tools to mediate. The unstable situations and conflicts enforce women’s rights to equality in political that imperil our world security at the same time representation and transitional justice and in do- provide the openings to radically restructure ing so, redefines democracy for the twenty-first government institutions. In the last 15 years, century. The Global Justice Center works to: over 30 new countries were formed, and as we speak, new constitutions are being drafted, new • Target the entrenched political and cultural governments are being established, and new norms that perpetuate male dominated deci- laws are being passed. If these new structures sion-making bodies and constrain women; and policies were truly based on the principle of equality of women, how might the world be • Use human rights and international law as changed? How would the decisions of peace- tools to restructure societies in ways that enable makers and peacebuilders be different? Would women to take their rightful place in national the world be more secure if women were deci- and transitional justice processes; sion-makers, rather than victims of others’ deci- sions? We must reach out to the key players in • Identify activists, leaders, judges, and policy- transitional and emerging democracies, specifi- makers and train them in the affirmative use of cally women, and make sure that they are well women’s human rights and international law as equipped to advocate for progressive reform. tools for constructing new democracies, gov- ernments, and transitional bodies; • Transform the operational definition of democ- racy to one that is truly representative. 3 OUR PROGRAM: INVESTING IN WOMEN I N V ESTIN G I N Wom E N L E A D E R S D URIN G T I M E S O F T RANSITI O N This is a time of great transformation and opportunity in the realm of women’s rights. The development of international law over the past 30 years has laid the groundwork for a sea change for women, while the simultaneous growth of trans- national feminism and grassroots women’s groups has given new momentum to the global women’s movement. The Global Justice Center’s programmatic work centers around finding strategic ways to bridge the gap between high-level law reform and the energy and knowledge of women’s groups on the ground, so that the laws that exist on paper are translated into concrete change for women that can be felt in their everyday lives. The development of new democracies in transitional con- texts provides small but significant windows of opportunity for women to lobby for representational quotas, law reform, and other lasting protections. While other NGO’s may focus on reporting human rights abuses, or using a single strategy toward law reform, our model integrates the disparate fields of transitional justice, human rights law and gender equal- ity by using a unique toolbox of treaties, UN resolutions and tribunal case law. Based on a model of strategic training, advocacy and litigation on behalf of women worldwide, the GJC program is designed to go beyond what would be a laudable pro- gram in itself—shaping stronger and more effective female leadership. Rather, the GJC reverses the traditional model of studying the effects of public policies on women to one of leveraging women to be the active makers and enforcers of public policy and law. GJC Counsel, Andrea Friedman, conducts a training with the Women’s League of Burma OUR TooLS: INTERNAtioNAL HUMAN RiGhtS The use of international law to advance women’s rights can strengthen the law itself. Each time a court case is informed by international laws and equality standards, new precedents are set for women activists and other courts to reference in future cases. By promoting the citation of such docu- ments in all of its work, the GJC makes the law a more powerful tool overall. The Global Justice Center focuses on using and developing these key legal tools, including: CEDAW S E C U R I T Y Co U N C I L R ES O - W A R C RI M E S T H E I NTERNATI O N A L LUTI O N 1 3 2 5 T RIBUNALS C RI M I N A L Co URT The Convention to Eliminate All Forms of Discrimination Against Passed unanimously by the United War Crimes Tribunals have The Global Justice Center, in Women is considered the interna- Nations Security Council in 2000, offered a new opportunity accordance with the rest of the tional bill of rights for women and SCR 1325 mandates that there be to examine crimes against international women’s rights com- has been ratified by 185 countries a gender perspective in conflict women in both international munity, sees ICC ratification as since it came into force in 1979. prevention, conflict resolution, and and internal conflicts. Spe- a key strategy for the advance- Although this is the most widely all peacemaking and peace-build- cifically, crimes related to ment of domestic legal reform ratified of all human rights treaties, ing processes within the UN system rape and other forms of worldwide in favor of women, and it is also the most encumbered by and among all member states. SCR sexual violence have come actively promotes this strategy in reservations (nations can “opt out” 1325 emphasizes the need to push under new scrutiny from the all of our work. Nations emerging of certain provisions of the treaty) for women representatives in new international community from conflict have an interest in and historically has lacked strong and emerging governments and is over the past twenty years. signing the ICC in order to assure enforcement mechanisms; how- considered binding international law Tribunal case law has drasti- that war criminals can be tried in ever, this is changing. CEDAW has on all UN member states. SCR 1325 cally expanded the defini- an international court. However, been cited in over 400 domestic and the provisions it lays out has the tions, scope and punishment by signing this document, the new cases worldwide, and is increas- potential to dramatically change for such crimes, and has also states and new governments that ingly being used by women to the government structures of coun- enabled issues issues such as emerge from conflict must also identify discriminatory cultural tries in transition in favor of women, rape, which can be cultur- adopt domestic laws that reflect practices and traditions.