Land Quality Assessment Desktop Study Report

Land Surrounding Buildings 8F2 and 8F3B

AWE plc

Prepared by: Authorised by: Christopher Warde Robert Jones

St. Anne’s House Oxford Square Oxford Street Newbury Berks RG14 1JQ

Tel 01635 279000 JER3996/8S8F/LQA/DTS Fax 01635 279050 Revision: 0 Email [email protected] December 2008

This report has been produced by RPS within the terms of the contract with the client and taking account of the resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the scope of the above.

This report is confidential to the client and we accept no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third parties to whom this report, or any part thereof, is made known. Any such party relies on the report at their own risk

RPS Planning and Development Ltd. Registered in England No. 02947164 Centurion Court, 85 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4RY A Member of the RPS Group Plc

Planning & Development LQA Desktop Study Report – Land Surrounding Buildings 8F2 and 8F3B

Contents

Contents ...... i

Executive Summary...... vii

1 Introduction ...... 1

1.1 Background...... 1

1.2 Key Objectives ...... 2

1.3 Report Structure ...... 2

2 Regulatory Context ...... 3

2.1 Introduction...... 3

2.2 Non Radiological Contamination Legislation ...... 3

2.2.1 Environmental Protection Act 1990 (Part IIA) ...... 3

2.2.2 Planning Policy Statement 23 ...... 4

2.2.3 The Water Framework Directive ...... 4

2.3 Radiological Contamination ...... 5

2.3.1 Introduction ...... 5

2.3.2 Nuclear Installations Act 1965 (as amended) ...... 5

2.3.3 Radioactive Substances Act 1993 (RSA93) ...... 6

2.3.4 The Radioactive Substances (Substances of Low Activity) (SoLA) Exemption Order...... 7

2.3.5 The Radioactive Substances (Phosphatic Substances, Rare Earths etc) Exemption Order (1962) ...... 7

2.3.6 Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 (IRR1999)...... 8

2.3.7 Radioactivity Assessment in Soils ...... 8

2.3.8 Radioactivity Assessment in Groundwater ...... 9

3 Environmental Risk Setting ...... 11

3.1 Introduction...... 11

3.2 Data Sources...... 11

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3.3 Site Locations, Descriptions and History...... 12

3.3.1 General Description of AWE Burghfield and Surrounding Area...... 12

3.3.2 History of AWE Burghfield ...... 12

3.3.3 Building 8F2...... 13

3.3.4 Building 8F3B...... 13

3.3.5 Abnormal Events...... 13

3.4 Geology ...... 14

3.5 Hydrogeology and Groundwater Vulnerability ...... 14

3.5.1 Hydrogeological Units...... 14

3.5.2 Licensed Abstractions...... 16

3.5.3 Groundwater Source Protection Zones...... 16

3.6 Hydrology ...... 17

3.6.1 Surface Water...... 17

3.6.2 Site Drainage ...... 18

3.7 Previous Site Investigations...... 18

3.7.1 Soil and Groundwater Assessment...... 18

3.7.2 Soil Analysis...... 19

3.7.3 Groundwater Analysis...... 22

3.7.4 Building Desk Top Studies...... 25

3.7.5 Geophysics ...... 26

4 Preliminary Conceptual Site Model ...... 27

4.1 Introduction...... 27

4.2 Potential Contaminant Sources ...... 27

4.3 Receptors ...... 28

4.4 Potential Pollutant Linkages...... 28

4.5 Summary of Conceptual Site Model ...... 30

5 Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 31

5.1 Conclusions ...... 31

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5.2 Recommendations...... 31

5.2.1 Further Investigation ...... 31

5.2.2 Mitigation of Construction Workers Contamination and Associated Risks ...... 32

6 References...... 33

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Tables

Table 2.1 Schedule 1 Specified Elements and Their Limiting Specific Activities...... 6

Table 2.2 Summary of WHO Drinking Water Quality Guideline Levels (3rd Edition) .... 9

Table 3.1 Summary of Groundwater Abstraction Licenses ...... 16

Table 3.2 Summary of Ground Conditions Encountered ...... 19

Table 3.3 Observations and Summary of Artefacts Encountered...... 20

Table 3.4 Radiological Results of Soils above the Laboratory Limit of Detection...... 20

Table 3.5 Contaminants Encountered in Soils above the Laboratory Limit of Detection ...... 21

Table 3.6 Radiological Results of Groundwater above the Laboratory Limit of Detection ...... 23

Table 3.7 Results of Gamma Spectrometry Analysis on Groundwater Samples...... 23

Table 3.8 Contaminants Encountered in Groundwater above the Laboratory Limit of Detection ...... 24

Table 3.9 Potential Pollutant Sources...... 26

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Drawings

JER3996-8F-003 Site Location Plan

JER3058-P2-SF001 Groundwater Elevations (mAOD) for July 2005

JER3058-P2-SF002 Groundwater Elevations (mAOD) for August 2005

JER3058-P2-SF003 Groundwater Elevations (mAOD) for September 2005

JER3860-GCTR-004c Site Map Indicating Groundwater Source Protection Zones & AWE Water Monitoring Locations

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Appendices

Appendix A Previous Investigation Borehole Logs

Appendix B Historic Aerial Photographs

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Executive Summary

A Land Quality Assessment (LQA) Desk Study has been undertaken to assess parcels of land (‘site areas’) in support of the Project Mensa Development (AWE Burghfield (AWE (B)), which include an investigation of the land where Buildings 8F3B and 8F2 are located, and a small area of land near Building 8S5. Neither of these areas have been subjected to previous intrusive investigations.

The study included a review of a previous desk study and intrusive investigation reports undertaken in the vicinity and a site walkover of the two areas.

The study has identified that the site is likely to be underlain by Made Ground or topsoil (over Alluvium in the vicinity of Building 8F3B), with the following geological succession below; London Clay, Reading Beds and Chalk.

Groundwater levels are likely to be approximately 3 - 5 metres below Ground Level (mbGL) occurring within the sandier units of the London Clay, and the basal beds of the London Clay and underlying Reading Beds. Both units are considered to have some hydraulic continuity with each other. The shallow groundwater is considered to provide baseline flows to nearby surface watercourses. At depth, the Chalk forms a major aquifer, which is used locally for potable water supply.

The operations undertaken within and adjacent to the buildings associated with the site areas extended from up to the 1940’s, and comprised production of and testing of weapons assemblies, component testing workshops, and working of rubbers and plastics.

Assessment of the laboratory analysis results from soil samples from previous intrusive ground investigations located less than 10 metres away from site, and boreholes groundwater samples less than 25 metres from site has been undertaken. The soil chemical analysis data assessed did not exceed Soil Guidelines Values (SGVs) or RPS derived Generic Assessment Criteria (GACs), and would not be considered to represent an unacceptable risk to human health on that basis. However marginal gross beta and total activity (combined gross alpha and gross beta activities) results above the AWE

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threshold limits have been reported. Borehole groundwater samples identified some metal and hydrocarbon contamination. No definitive source for the contamination could be identified.

The anecdotal information and discussions with site personnel and onsite observations have not identified any significant contamination on the two site areas. Based on experience of other demolition and site clearance projects at AWE Burghfield it is possible that there are asbestos contaminated soils present in ground surrounding the buildings.

Potential receptors identified include construction staff, AWE staff and visiting personnel, groundwater and surface water, whilst potential sources of contamination identified include a variety of potential contaminants related to current and previous uses of the buildings which are, or were, present within the area of interest (such as explosives, hydrocarbons, radiological material, asbestos and metals).

In addition, potential pathways have been identified by which the sources could impact upon the receptors. These include migration of contaminants into groundwater (and potentially into water abstracted for human consumption), direct exposure of construction staff and AWE staff and site workers to contaminants and hazards (such as asbestos and explosives).

In light of the above and the potential contaminant sources identified, further intrusive investigation is recommended to determine the presence and extent of potential contamination in soils and groundwater within the site areas, and whether any risk is posed to human health and controlled waters based on the proposed use. This will also enable appropriate Safe Systems of Work (SSoW) to be developed by construction workers and identify the need for remediation.

Should the site be subject to a change in end use, the risk to human health and the environment may require re-assessment.

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1 Introduction

1.1 Background

RPS Planning and Development (RPS) has been requested by AWE plc to undertake site investigation work in support of the Project Mensa Development at AWE Burghfield (AWE (B)). Part of this package of work includes the completion of a Land Quality Assessment (LQA) Desk Top Study of a number of parcels of land at AWE (B). For the purposes of this report “the site” or “site areas” shall refer to the following areas:

ƒ land surrounding Buildings 8F3B and 8F2; and,

ƒ a small area of land to the north of Building 8S5.

The site is shown on Drawing JER3996-8F-003.

The Project Mensa Development is a commercial / industrial development to provide a replacement warhead assembly, maintenance and disassembly facility including support facilities, plant building and associated infrastructure. The site is within the Mensa ‘Construction Enclave’ which will include activities such as material laydown, concrete batching plants and construction areas. Once the Mensa facility has been constructed, the 8F area will contain a permanent lorry park, vehicle inspection bay, gate house and access roads.

Although there have been many intrusive investigations carried out at AWE (B) in the past, including intensive investigation of the majority of the Project Mensa Development area, there have been no ground investigations of the land associated with Buildings 8F3B and 8F2. Further investigation of these areas is therefore required to identify contamination that requires remediation based on the proposed use.

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1.2 Key Objectives

The key objectives of this study are to:

ƒ Review the results of relevant previous investigation reports undertaken on surrounding areas and establish potential land contamination sources at the site;

ƒ Develop an understanding of the geological, hydrogeological and hydrological environment at the site and their surroundings;

ƒ Develop a Preliminary Conceptual Site Model based on available information to determine possible risks to future site users and environmental receptors at and adjacent to the site associated with potential contaminant sources; and,

ƒ Determine the need or otherwise for intrusive ground investigations and risk assessments to refine the conceptual site model or to inform the need for remediation.

1.3 Report Structure

The remainder of the report is structured as follows:

Section 2: Regulatory Context. This section describes the current UK legislation with respect to radiological and non radiological contaminated land;

Section 3: Environmental Risk Setting. This section includes site descriptions, summaries of historical land use, previous site investigations and discusses the environmental sensitivity of the sites based on their risk setting;

Section 4: Conceptual Site Model. This section summarises the potential contaminant sources, receptors and pathways through which contamination could impact upon receptors. The section also discusses other key potential ground engineering development constraints;

Section 5: Recommendations and Conclusions. Based on available information, this section outlines the next steps for the sites; and,

Section 6: References.

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2 Regulatory Context

2.1 Introduction

The type of contamination that may be present at the site can be split into two broad types, radiological and non-radiological. Each of these types of contamination has different key legislation with which AWE plc must comply and the criteria applicable to both of these are used to assess the land quality at the site.

2.2 Non Radiological Contamination Legislation

2.2.1 Environmental Protection Act 1990 (Part IIA)

Implementation of Section 57 of the Environment Act 1995 added Part IIA into the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1990. The application of this primary piece of legislation is via the Contaminated Land (England) Regulations 2006.

Under Part IIA ‘Contaminated Land’ is defined as

"any land which appears to the Local Authority in whose area it is situated to be in such a condition, by reason of substances in, on or under the land, that -

"(a) Significant Harm is being caused or there is a Significant Possibility of such harm being caused; or

"(b) Pollution of Controlled Waters is being, or is likely to be, caused".

In order to determine whether land is contaminated under Part IIA the concept of a ‘Pollutant Linkage’ is adopted. This means that a link between a contaminant source and receptor by means of a pathway must exist. Consequently in order for a risk to be present at the site three components must exist:

1. Contaminant(s) must be present at concentrations capable of causing adverse environmental effects (Source);

2. A receptor (human, controlled water etc) must be present, or one which can be exposed to the site or migrating contaminants (Receptor);

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3. There must be an exposure pathway by which the receptor comes into contact with the environmental contaminant (Pollutant Linkage).

The source-pathway-receptor scenario is a useful means to generate a conceptual model, which can be used to identify critical pathways that a more detailed quantitative analysis may assess further if necessary. The first stage of the process was to determine the key contaminant(s) of concern (Source), followed by the most likely pathways that these contaminants would take in the environment and finally the potential receptors of concern.

2.2.2 Planning Policy Statement 23

As the site is to be redeveloped the proposed site use must be permitted by the Local Planning Authority. Planning Policy Statement 23 (PPS23) (Ref. 1) provides guidance to the Local Planning Authority on ensuring that post development the site is suitable for use with respect to the presence of any land contamination.

PPS23 states that following development, the site should not be able to be ‘determined’ as ‘contaminated land’ under Part IIA of the Environmental Protection Act. The key principle of Planning Policy Statement 23 is that the opportunity should be taken to remediate contaminated land during development and PPS23 advocates the use of risk assessments to determine the need to undertake remediation.

Under the Town and Country Planning System the responsibility for providing information on whether a site is contaminated rests primarily with the developer. The Berkshire Contaminated Land Group, which comprises Local Authorities including West Berkshire, has produced a document entitled “The Berkshire Guide to Developing Potentially Contaminated Land” (Ref. 2). The assessment of land contamination for the proposed development had been undertaken according to these guidelines.

2.2.3 The Water Framework Directive

The Water Framework Directive (WFD) (Ref. 3) consolidates a number of existing water-focused directives, and introduces new requirements on Members States. The objectives of the WFD are wide ranging across the fields of water use and management, and of water and ecosystem protection and restoration, and include:

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1. Prevent deterioration and enhance status of aquatic ecosystems and associated wetlands; 2. Promote sustainable water use; 3. Reduce pollution from ‘priority substances’; 4. Prevent deterioration of status of groundwater bodies and progressively reduce groundwater pollution; 5. Contribute to mitigating the effects of floods and droughts.

The WFD applies to all surface freshwater bodies (including lakes, streams and rivers), groundwaters, groundwater dependant ecosystems, estuaries and coastal waters out to one mile from low-water. The WFD came into force in December 2000, and was transposed into UK law by December 2003.

2.3 Radiological Contamination

2.3.1 Introduction

Under UK law a specific definition of ‘radioactively contaminated land’ is outlined by the extension to Part IIA of the EPA in August 2006 to include radioactivity (Ref.4). The Part IIA definition of radioactively contaminated land does not apply to nuclear Licensed Sites, as radioactively contaminated land on these sites is regulated by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) under the Nuclear Installations Act 1965 (as amended) (Ref. 5). The HSE’s role extends to establishing remediation criteria when sites are being de-licensed. It is important to note that the Environment Agency (EA) is responsible for authorising radioactive waste disposal from nuclear Licensed Sites.

The other key pieces of legislation that apply to Nuclear Licensed Sites and the management of radioactive wastes are outlined below.

2.3.2 Nuclear Installations Act 1965 (as amended)

Under the Nuclear Installations Act 1965 (as amended) (Ref. 5), no site may be used for the purposes of installing or operating nuclear facilities, unless a nuclear Site Licence has been granted by the HSE for that site. The Nuclear Safety Directorate (NSD), acting for HSE, sets out in conditions attached to the Site Licence, the general safety requirements to deal with the risks on a nuclear site. The Nuclear Installations Inspectorate (NII) section of HSE is responsible for regulating nuclear Site Licences.

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It is the NII’s view that radioactively contaminated ground on a nuclear licensed site represents an accumulation of radioactive waste. Thus such material should be managed and dealt with by the licensee. Several of the licence conditions relate to radiologically contaminated land namely LC4, LC14, LC23, LC25, LC32 and LC34. The conditions require the licensee to control and contain radioactive waste, record locations and amounts and demonstrate that adequate safety arrangements are in place using a safety case. Further information on the management of radioactively contaminated land can be found in the NSD’s Guidance for Inspectors on the Management of Radioactive Materials and Radioactive Waste on Nuclear Licensed Sites (Ref. 6).

2.3.3 Radioactive Substances Act 1993 (RSA93)

This key piece of legislation controls the keeping and use of radioactive materials, and the accumulation and disposal of radioactive waste. The RSA93 (Ref. 7) defines whether a material is radioactive as follows:

1. Elements specified in Schedule 1 of Section 1 of the RSA93 which are present at specific activity levels greater than those listed in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 Schedule 1 Specified Elements and Their Limiting Specific Activities

Element Solid (Bq/g) Liquid (Bq/g) Actinium 0.37 7.4 x 10-2 Lead 0.74 3.7 x 10-3 Polonium 0.37 2.59 x 10-2 Protactinium 0.37 3.33 x 10-2 Radium 0.37 3.7 x 10-4 Thorium 2.59 3.7 x 10-2 Uranium 11.1 0.74

2. Any substances containing non-naturally occurring (man-made) radionuclides irrespective of its specific activity.

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Section 2 of the RSA specifies that ‘radioactive waste’ comprises waste which consists wholly or partly of:

(a) A substance or article which, if it were not waste, would be radioactive material,

(b) A substance or article which has been contaminated in the course of the production, keeping or use of radioactive material, or by contact with or proximity to other waste falling within paragraph (a) (above) or this paragraph.

2.3.4 The Radioactive Substances (Substances of Low Activity) (SoLA) Exemption Order

Under the SoLA Exemption Order (Ref. 8), solid radioactive waste is ‘exempt’ from some of the provisions of the RSA 93 (Section 13(1), (3) and (4)) provided that it is substantially insoluble in water and has an activity that does not exceed 0.4 Bq/g.

The SoLA Exemption Order can be applied to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) (such as potassium) by subtracting the normal natural background level of a site from a measured sample concentration. The difference is then compared to the 0.4 Bq/g level.

For artificial radionuclides the SoLA Exemption Order level of 0.4 Bq/g is generally interpreted to be additional to the ubiquitous artificial background to account for low background levels of man made radionuclides, such as fall out from nuclear weapon testing and Chernobyl.

2.3.5 The Radioactive Substances (Phosphatic Substances, Rare Earths etc) Exemption Order (1962)

This order (Ref. 9) states that material that is radioactive solely because of the presence of one or more of the Schedule 1 elements and is substantially insoluble in water is unconditionally exempted from the provisions of the RSA 93 provided that the specific activity of each of the Schedule 1 elements present does not exceed 14.8 Bq/g.

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2.3.6 Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 (IRR1999)

The Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999 is the principal legislation relating to the protection of workers from exposure to ionising radiation (Ref. 10). The average individual radiation dose in the UK is 2.6mSv per year, mostly from natural and medical sources of radiation, 2.2 and 0.36 mSv per year respectively.

2.3.7 Radioactivity Assessment in Soils

AWE have adopted the following approach of comparing soil sample measurements with limiting values given in the RSA 93 and the appropriate Exemption Orders as an indication of potential contamination. AWE considers background levels of gross alpha and beta activity at AWE (B) to be 0.7 Bq/g alpha and 0.6Bq/g beta (Ref. 11).

ƒ If artificial radionuclides are present, and the specific activity of the sample, less the mean background specific activity (0.7 Bq/g alpha or 0.6 Bq/g Beta), is below 0.4 Bq/g the sample is not considered to be radioactive.

ƒ If only naturally occurring Schedule 1 radioelements are present, and the specific activity of the sample is below the Schedule 1 limit, the material is not considered to be radioactive.

ƒ If only naturally occurring Schedule 1 radioelements are present, and the specific activity of the sample is above the Schedule 1 limit, but less than 14.8 Bq/g (or 4.9 Bq/g for radium, and 7.4 Bq/g for thorium), then the material, although radioactive, is exempt from RSA 93. This material can then be disposed of as exempt waste and in accordance with other properties.

ƒ For naturally occurring radioelements not listed in Schedule 1, if the specific activity of the sample, less the mean background specific activity (0.7 Bq/g alpha, and 0.6Bq/g beta), is below 0.4 Bq/g then the sample is not considered to be radioactive.

AWE plc has adopted a soil background level of 0.7 Bq/g for alpha activity and 0.6 Bq/g for beta activity with respect to naturally occurring radioactivity at AWE Burghfield. Taking this into account and also the 0.4 Bq/g level given by the SoLA Exemption Order, a contamination “screening level” of 1.1 Bq/g and 1.0 Bq/g for gross alpha and gross beta respectively is adopted for sites within AWE Burghfield. Samples exhibiting gross alpha activity above 1.1 Bq/g or gross beta activity above

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1.0 Bq/g do not necessarily indicate radiological contamination, but that further assessment and analysis is required. Typically, AWE analyse soil samples with elevated activity for gross alpha and beta, using radiochemical or gamma spectroscopy respectively.

2.3.8 Radioactivity Assessment in Groundwater

AWE plc have adopted ‘Threshold Levels’ for elevated gross alpha (40 Bq/m3) and gross beta (500 Bq/m3) in groundwater based on AWE’s RSA93 arrangements for environmental monitoring for radioactivity within and around sites at AWE Burghfield. Exceedances of the gross alpha (40 Bq/m3) threshold triggers additional analysis for plutonium and uranium isotopes (Uranium-234, Uranium-235, Uranium-238, Plutonium-238, Plutonium-239 and Plutonium-240)).

For the purposes of this report, these activity levels (40Bq/m3 alpha and 500Bq/m3 beta) have been used to screen the data. The results of the specific testing can then be compared to the criteria set out in Schedule 1 of the RSA93 and also to the World Health Organisation (WHO) Drinking Water Quality (3rd Edition) Guideline Levels (Ref. 12) which are summarised in Table 2.2. These criteria are then used to gain a preliminary view of the order of magnitude of potential doses to individuals.

The table also lists the WHO guideline concentration for tritium, which is also tested for during the gross alpha and gross beta analysis by AWE. The UK Drinking Water Inspectorate uses a guideline level of 100 Bq/L for tritium, which although not mandatory, is recognised as an acceptable level for determining whether additional testing or remedial action is needed. These criteria are then used to gain a preliminary view of the order of magnitude of potential doses to individuals.

Table 2.2 Summary of WHO Drinking Water Quality Guideline Levels (3rd Edition)

Radionuclides Guideline Level Tritium (H-3) 10,000 Bq/L (10,000,000 Bq/m3) Uranium -234 10Bq/L (10,000 Bq/m3) Uranium-235 1 Bq/L (1,000 Bq/m3) Uranium-238 10 Bq/L (10,000 Bq/m3) Plutonium-238 1 Bq/L (1,000 Bq/m3) Plutonium-239 1 Bq/L (1,000 Bq/m3)

The EA is notified if:

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ƒ The plutonium alpha activity exceeds 10 Bq/m3;

ƒ The uranium alpha activity exceeds 50 Bq/m3;

ƒ The tritium activity exceeds 50 KBq/m3 at any of AWE’s surface water discharge outfalls.

Additionally the Environment Agency regulates radioactive discharges to ensure that no member of the public receives an additional dose of more than 1mSv per year (Ref. 13), which is considered As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).

By way of comparison, the WHO Drinking Water Quality standard activity levels for gross alpha is 0.5 Bq/L (500 Bq/m3) and gross beta is 1 Bq/L (1000 Bq/m3), which are both higher and therefore less stringent than AWE ‘Threshold Levels’.

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3 Environmental Risk Setting

3.1 Introduction

This section of the report summarises the environmental risk setting of the site, which includes a description of the site and its surroundings, its history, its regional geology, hydrogeology and hydrology. Available information including previous site investigation reports are reviewed and a summary of the site and surrounding land uses and their sensitivity to potential contaminants is discussed.

For the purpose of this report the ‘site’ shall mean the areas highlighted on Drawing JER3996-8F-003.

3.2 Data Sources

The following sources of data have been used to prepare this section:

1. Land Quality Assessment Phase 1 Desk Top Study at AWE Burghfield, Berkshire, May 2001, BAE Systems (Ref. 14).

2. Project Mensa Environmental Statement Vol.1, April 2008, RPS Planning and Development (Ref. 15).

3. Ground Conditions Technical Report, Project Mensa Development, AWE Burghfield, April 2008, RPS Planning and Development (Ref. 16).

4. Geophysics Report for Phase 2A Demolition Area, AWE Burghfield Berkshire, March 2005 (Ref. 17).

5. Sitescope Technical Report for AWE Burghfield, November 2003, Sitescope.co.uk (Ref. 18).

6. Abnormal Event Search carried out by AWE on behalf of RPS (August 2008); and,

7. Health Physics Monitoring Search carried out by AWE on behalf of RPS (August 2008).

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3.3 Site Locations, Descriptions and History

3.3.1 General Description of AWE Burghfield and Surrounding Area

AWE (B) is located approximately 0.5 km east of Burghfield village and 6 km to the south-west of Reading, 1 km south of the M4 motorway, and some 0.5 km west of the Reading Basingstoke railway line. The National Grid Reference for the centre of AWE (B) is approximately SU 680 680. AWE (B) is circa 264 acres and roughly rectangular in shape. The topography is relatively flat with general slope from south (46.5 mAOD) to north (42.5 mAOD).

Access to AWE (B) is from the north-west, via a road called ‘The Mearings’. It is surrounded by a high security fence and is subject to strict security controls. The eastern, southern and western edges of AWE (B) are bounded by roads.

AWE (B) is mainly surrounded by open fields and woodland. A number of buildings, including farm buildings, a public house, hotels, shops and residential dwellings are located some 150 – 200 m to the south; isolated farms are located to the north and the east. Moores Farm gravel workings lie to the north east, adjacent to Burnthouse Land and Pingewood.

AWE (B) is operated by AWE plc to both produce explosives and explosive devices and to assemble and disassemble weapons in fulfillment of AWE’s responsibility to maintain the UK nuclear deterrent. Consequently, some areas of AWE (B) are nuclear licensed.

A small stream, Burghfield Brook, flows along the southern and eastern edges of AWE (B), and an unnamed stream flows in an easterly direction immediately north of the AWE (B) security fence line.

Concrete roadways and paths allow access to the various buildings and structures. AWE Burghfield also comprises landscaped areas mainly with grass cover with interspersed trees.

3.3.2 History of AWE Burghfield

Based on historical information, it is understood that since 1940 to present day, AWE (B) has been used for the production of explosives and explosive devices. Historical aerial photographs of the site are included in Appendix B.

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3.3.3 Building 8F2

Current State

Building 8F2 is located to the southeast of the centre of AWE (B), in the south eastern corner of the Mensa Application Site (location is shown on Drawing JER3996-8F-003). It is disused, and comprises a tall single storey brick building with a flat roof. The roof is felt covered with plastic guttering.

History

The building is thought to have been constructed pre 1960’s. A variety of activities are reported to have historically occurred within the building, including the fitting of explosives to warheads, testing of explosives components and the assembly and testing of various weapon assemblies (Ref. 14).

3.3.4 Building 8F3B

Current State

Building 8F3B is located to the southeast of the centre of AWE (B), in the south eastern corner of the Mensa Application Site (location is shown on Drawing JER3996-8F-003). It is a tall single storey brick building with a flat felt roof and plastic guttering. The recent use of the building has included resin and foam manufacture and storage.

History

Building 8F3B was built in 1940 and has been used for the storage of high explosive (HE) components, resin manufacture, and storage and preparation of polyurethane mouldings. When the building was inspected in 2000 by BAE Systems the building was being used for polyurethane foam manufacture and moulding, and resin manufacture for adhesives production (Ref. 14).

3.3.5 Abnormal Events

An Abnormal Events (AE) search was carried out on behalf of RPS by AWE plc, although the results of this search are not available to RPS in full due to their security classification. However, selected results deemed relevant by AWE were released and none were relevant to land contamination.

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3.4 Geology

The British Geological Survey (BGS) 1:50,000 Sheet 268 geological map (Ref. 19), the 1:10,000 SU 66 NE geological map (Ref. 20), and previous investigation data indicate that the site is underlain by the geological sequence presented in Table 3.4 below.

Table 3.4 General Site Geological Sequence

Soil Type Typical Description Likely Thickness Made Ground Made Ground generally comprises re-worked natural clay Up to 1 - 2m, soils with rare brick and gravel.

Surface drainage typically comprising flint gravel. Up to 1m Alluvium Silts, sands and clays deposited by Burghfield Brook that Up to 3m (along former used to run through the centre of the site. course of Burghfield (Building 8F3B only) Brook only) London Clay Stiff grey clays overlying beds of silty sands, clayey 4.4-13m sands, clays and sandy clays. Thin bands of mudstone and sandstone (hard bands) Reading Beds Grey and brown sands and sandy clays, varying amounts >12.5m of sand and gravel. Upper Chalk Soft white nodular chalk with flint seams. 90-130m

The geological maps show the presence of a thin strip of Alluvium stratum within the AWE (B) boundary. Alluvium was deposited along the original path of Burghfield Brook. Of the areas covered by this study Alluvium would only be expected in the north-west corner of the footprint of Building 8F3B. The former course of Burghfield Brook, and the estimated extent of the alluvium, is shown on Drawing JER3996-8F- 003.

3.5 Hydrogeology and Groundwater Vulnerability

3.5.1 Hydrogeological Units

According to the Environment Agency’s Groundwater Vulnerability Map (Sheet 38) (Ref. 21) the soils beneath the site are classified as a non-aquifer, which relates to the London Clay.

During previous investigations groundwater strikes were encountered at 7.65 – 16.1mbGL (30.17 - 39.1m AOD) in nearby boreholes drilled beyond 10m depth (Ref.

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22). The groundwater strike was typically encountered within the sandier units of the London Clay beneath the 6-8m thickness of overlying stiff grey clays. In most boreholes the water level was noted to rise by 1-2m within twenty minutes of the water strike. Groundwater strikes were only very rarely encountered in excavations less than 10mbGL.

Based on monitoring of the borehole wells, groundwater beneath the site generally occurs as two water bodies:

ƒ A shallow groundwater body typically between 1 and 9mbGL within the Alluvium and Weathered London Clay wherein groundwater levels can vary greatly over short distances. This indicates that this is a perched water table. The direction of groundwater flow appear to vary locally but generally the overall direction across the site is from south west to east;

ƒ A deeper groundwater body occurring within the basal beds of the London Clay and underlying Reading Beds with a water level of circa 10 to 12 mbGL. Groundwater levels are typically more consistent and the groundwater flow across the site is generally from north to south east (see Drawings JER3058 –P2-SF001 to 003).

It is considered that the London Clay acts as an aquitard between the shallow groundwater and the deeper aquifer of the Reading Beds/Upper Chalk. As there is likely to be some vertical movement of groundwater from the upper table to the lower within more permeable bands of the London Clay, it is considered that the London Clay should not strictly be regarded as an aquiclude. The London Clay deposit retards but does not preclude groundwater movement between the upper and lower water tables.

The underlying Harwich and Reading Bed Formations are described by the Environment Agency (EA) as a single groundwater unit known as the ‘Basal Sands’ aquifer, which is in hydraulic continuity with the Chalk below. (Environment Agency ‘The Physical Properties of Minor Aquifers in England and Wales’, 2000) (Ref. 23). The Harwich and Reading Bed Formations are defined as minor aquifers. It is considered that the lower groundwater table identified in previous investigations is the ‘Basal Sands’ aquifer.

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The Chalk is classified as a major aquifer and based on the published data and borehole logs from the BGS, the top of the Chalk is between 6-15 mAOD (or 27.5- 40.5 mbGL). The groundwater within the Chalk is under artesian pressure and the piezometric surface is at approximately 30 to 35 mAOD. The 1:100,000 Hydrogeological Map Sheet 7 of South West Chilterns, Berkshire and Marlborough Downs (Ref. 24), and previous investigations indicate that the regional groundwater flow within the Chalk at the site is south-south east towards the River Loddon.

3.5.2 Licensed Abstractions

There is only one licensed groundwater abstraction within 1 km of the AWE (B) site and this abstraction is operated by the Ministry of Defence. The abstraction licence is for groundwater abstractions at Burghfield Pumping Station located approximately 450m to the east of the site. It is understood that groundwater is abstracted from the chalk aquifer and is used in part for drinking water. Further details of the abstraction are summarised in Table 3.1.

The abstraction was developed in the 1940s, and comprised of 3 boreholes, although only one is now understood to be operational. It is located approximately 150m to the east of the AWE (B) fence boundary (approximately 450m from the site) and is licensed for the abstraction of approximately 700m³/d.

The groundwater is abstracted from the chalk aquifer and stored at AWE (B) in two 4500m3 reservoirs ready for use on site after in-line chlorination treatment. It is understood that the water is used for drinking and other purposes. Information supplied by AWE suggests that the pumping rate is highly variable (Ref. 15).

Table 3.1 Summary of Groundwater Abstraction Licenses

Licence Holder Licence Source Use Approx. Distance and Number Direction from Site Boundary Ministry of Defence 28/39/22/ Thames Industrial, commercial 450m to east of eastern 0546C groundwater and public services boundary of the Phase 2A (Chalk) including drinking, Demolition Area, cooking, sanitary and washing

3.5.3 Groundwater Source Protection Zones

AWE (B) lies within a Groundwater Source Protection Zone (SPZ), which are defined by the EA in order to control discharges in the vicinity of groundwater abstractions.

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Potentially polluting activities within an SPZ, especially those within an Inner Protection Zone, are restricted by the Environment Agency to prevent pollution of the groundwater. The site is located within the ‘Inner Protection’ Zone of the SPZ.

The SPZ appears to have been defined in order to protect the groundwater abstraction borehole at Burghfield pumping station, licence 28/39/22/0546C, (see Section 3.5.2). Licence details identify that the abstractions are from the Chalk aquifer. Drawing JER3860-GCTR-004c illustrates the hydrogeological sensitivity of the site in more detail.

Previous investigations indicate that the direction of deep groundwater flow from the site is generally north to south with the exception of the north-eastern of the Mensa Application Site situated some 500m west of the pumping station and it is considered unlikely that any contaminants will migrate from the deeper groundwater body to the pumping station groundwater abstraction.

3.6 Hydrology

3.6.1 Surface Water

The original route of the Burghfield Brook ran from the south through the centre of AWE (B), and then eastwards leaving the site midway along the eastern boundary. Alluvial deposits are found along this route. It is understood that the brook was re- directed in the 1940s during the works to construct the Royal Ordnance Factory. It now flows close to the southern and eastern boundaries of AWE (B) in a man made channel. The Brook does not cross the site. The closest distance from the brook to the site is approximately 100m to the south east of Building 8F2. There is no other significant surface water feature at AWE (B).

Outside the perimeter of the site a number of field drains / surface water courses occur. A tributary of the Foundry Brook is present to the north of AWE (B) and it is thought likely that shallow groundwater in or near the north western boundary of the site may flow towards this tributary. To the south of AWE (B) more tributaries of the Foundry Brook are present but these are not thought to have a bearing on shallow groundwater which will typically flow to the northeast.

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Six kilometres to the south-east the River Loddon flows in a north-westerly direction. This river cuts into the chalk and it is considered that the deeper groundwater at AWE (B) may flow towards this watercourse.

3.6.2 Site Drainage

Parts of the site currently comprise areas of landscaped grass. In order to drain the areas of hard standing and roads the site incorporates a surface water drainage system. Much of this comprises a network of French Drains and culverts, which flow eventually into Burghfield Brook under licensed Discharge Consents (CAWM.0080 and CAWM.0079) via a series of outfalls.

3.7 Previous Site Investigations

There have been no previous intrusive ground investigations of the areas covered in this study. However, previous investigations in the near vicinity have been used to inform this report as follows:

ƒ Section 3.7.1 to 3.7.3 assesses soil ground investigation data from sample locations less than 10 metres away from site boundaries and borehole groundwater sample data <25m from the site, both obtained from an investigation carried out by RPS in support of the Phase 2A demolition works (Ref. 22) (shown on Drawing JER3996-8F-003).

ƒ Section 3.7.4 outlines data obtained from BAE Systems building reports (Ref. 14) regarding potential contaminants utilised within Buildings 8F2 and 8F3B.

ƒ Section 3.7.5 discusses the results obtained from a previous RPS Geophysical Survey report (Ref. 17) which includes the site area.

3.7.1 Soil and Groundwater Assessment

Where appropriate, screening exercises have been completed which detail the contaminants encountered in soils and groundwater above the laboratory Limit of Detection (LOD) for key contaminants of concern based on the historical use of the site including those listed within the DEFRA CLR8 document (Ref. 25). Soil concentrations have been compared to published Soil Guideline Values (SGVs) and Generic Assessment Criteria (GACs) derived by RPS for commercial / industrial use. Groundwater analyses have been compared to UK Drinking Water Standards (DWS)

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and Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) (Ref. 26 and 27 respectively), and in their absence WHO Drinking Water Standards (3rd Edition) (Ref. 28).

In the absence of site specific intrusive investigation soil and groundwater data, to provide an indication of potential soil and groundwater contamination within the site areas, soil sample analytical data was taken from investigation locations up to 10m away from the site boundary and groundwater samples from boreholes up to 25m away from the site areas.

3.7.2 Soil Analysis

A summary of ground conditions encountered within the investigation locations are shown in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 Summary of Ground Conditions Encountered

Stratum Description Depth Range (m) Thickness (m) Soft to firm brown slightly sandy gravelly CLAY with some fine rootlets. Topsoil 0.0 – 0.3 0.0 – 0.3 Gravel is fine to coarse, subangular to subrounded Stiff desiccated brown gravelly CLAY. Gravel is fine to coarse of subangular Made Ground to subrounded flint, quartz and 0.0 – 1.75 0.0 – 1.75 sandstone. Brick and concrete fragments

Coarse flint GRAVEL in a matrix of Gravel beige sand. Sand is medium to coarse 0.5 – 0.7 0.0 – 0.2 grained.

Stiff brown, grey and orange mottled CLAY with some pockets of orange Drift sand and pockets of fine to medium 0.9 – >2.1 >0.8 – >1.1 subangular gravel. Occasional shell fragments

Firm brown orange and grey mottled London Clay 0.7 – >2.1 >0.35 – >0.5 locally sandy CLAY

Unusual observations or materials encountered in Made Ground strata are summarised in Table 3.3 and the borehole logs reproduced in Appendix A.

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Table 3.3 Observations and Summary of Artefacts Encountered

Investigation Description of Contamination Depth Encountered (mbGL) Location Reference B/G6 Coarse flint, concrete and brick fragments 0.0 – 0.2 B/G6 Ash and clinker 0.2 – 0.5 TP2A040 Occasional gravel and red brick 0.0 – 0.9 TP2A040 Red brick and red brick cobbles 0.9 – 1.3 TP2A040 Red brick and occasional ash and clinker 1.3 – 1.75 TP2A366 Occasional red brick fragments 0.0 – 0.35 TP2A525 Black ash and clinker 0.3 – 0.45 TP2A607 Metal rod 0.2 TP2A607 Patches of iron staining and occasional wood 0.6 – 0.7 fragments

Explosives

Two soil samples were analysed for explosives. All results were below the laboratory limit of detection (LoD).

Radioactivity

The results of the gross alpha and gross beta analyses in soil are shown in Table 3.4.

Table 3.4 Radiological Results of Soils above the Laboratory Limit of Detection

Sample Reference Top of Sample Gross Alpha Gross Beta Total Activity (mbGL) (Bq/g) (Bq/g) (Bq/g) B/G6 0.0 0.810 0.670 1.480 B/G6 0.6 1.070 0.880 1.950 B/G6 1.2 0.910 0.840 1.750 TP2A040 0.1 0.695 0.636 1.331 TP2A040 1.7 0.691 0.833 1.524 TP2A366 0.3 0.689 0.592 1.281 TP2A366 1.9 0.700 1.102 1.802 TP2A525 0.1 0.446 0.944 1.390 TP2A525 2.0 0.416 0.748 1.164 TP2A607 0.3 0.826 0.811 1.637 TP2A607 2.0 0.711 1.024 1.735

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Figures in bold illustrate exceedances of the AWE Threshold Limits, either for gross alpha activity (1.1Bq/g), gross beta activity (1.0Bq/g) or total activity (1.7Bq/g). There are no exceedances of the gross alpha threshold, however exceedances over the gross beta threshold and total activity threshold were noted. The majority of exceedances are very marginal, and further analysis was not considered necessary and therefore not undertaken on any of these samples.

Contaminants – Inorganic and Organic

A summary of the results of the metals analyses are presented in Table 3.5. A total of 7 samples were submitted for each determinant.

Regarding organic contamination within soil samples, the following compounds have been focused on when assessing the results from the organics analyses: banded hydrocarbons, benzo(a)pyrene, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) and total gross range organics (GRO). Total PAH and Total TPH results were not available.

Table 3.5 Contaminants Encountered in Soils above the Laboratory Limit of Detection

Determinant Concn Max Value 2nd Value No. of SGV/GAC SGV/GAC Range (mg/kg) (mg/kg) Results > Exceeded (mg/kg) LOD

Inorganic Determinands 10.3 Arsenic 3.5 – 10.9 10.9 (B/G6) 7 500 (SGV) N (TP2A607) 75 64 Barium 47 – 75 5 - (TP2A525) (TP2A0040) 1.0 Beryllium LoD – 1.0 N/A 1 - (TP2A525) Boron LoD – 1.0 1.0 (B/G6) 0.9 (B/G6) 2 - 0.27 0.23 Cadmium LoD – 0.27 3 1400 (SGV) N (TP2A607) (TP2A040) 28.9 26.2 Chromium 3.1 – 28.9 7 5000 (SGV) N (TP2A366) (TP2A040) 19.5 14.7 Copper 6.1 – 19.5 7 - (TP2A366) (TP2A040) 33.8 21.2 Lead 3.7 – 33.8 7 750 (SGV) N (TP2A607) (TP2A040) 440.0 284.3 Manganese 245.9 – 440.0 5 - (TP2A366) (TP2A040) Mercury LoD – 0.35 0.35 (B/G6) 0.11 (B/G6) 2 5000 (SGV) N 28.9 24.7 Nickel 5.9 – 28.9 7 480 (SGV) N (TP2A366) (TP2A040)

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Determinant Concn Max Value 2nd Value No. of SGV/GAC SGV/GAC Range (mg/kg) (mg/kg) Results > Exceeded (mg/kg) LOD 70.7 70.1 Zinc 6.7 – 70.7 7 - (TP2A366) (TP2A607) Organic Determinands Aliphatics 8.71 614000 LoD – 8.71 N/A 1 N >C16 – C21 (TP2A607) (GAC) Aliphatics 26.00 5.68 614000 LoD – 26.00 3 N >C21 – C35 (TP2A607) (TP2A525) (GAC) Aromatics 1.71 LoD – 1.71 N/A 1 106 (GAC) N >C8 – C10 (TP2A525) Aromatics 0.704 LoD – 0.704 N/A 1 608 (GAC) N >C10 – C12 (TP2A525) Aromatics 1.86 12500 LoD – 1.86 N/A 1 N >C12 – C16 (TP2A525) (GAC) Aromatics 3.79 LoD – 3.79 N/A 1 9210 (GAC) N >C16 – C21 (TP2A525) Aromatics 32.7 8.82 LoD – 8.82 2 9210 (GAC) N >C21 – C35 (TP2A607) (TP2A525)

Notes: ƒ - - No suitable SGV / GAC available

ƒ Bold - Value in bold denotes exceedance against SGV / GAC

GACs utilised are based on conservative ‘worst case’ scenario assumptions.

It is important to note that the presence of an elevated concentration of a contaminant does not necessarily indicate a risk to human health or the environment.

From inspection of the soil sample analytical results, they do not indicate that there is significant land contamination by metals or hydrocarbons that would represent unacceptable harm to human health or the environment in the vicinity of Buildings 8F2 and 8F3B.

3.7.3 Groundwater Analysis

The results of the gross alpha and gross beta analyses in borehole groundwater samples are provided in Table 3.6.

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Table 3.6 Radiological Results of Groundwater above the Laboratory Limit of Detection

Sample Samples Gross Alpha Gross Beta Tritium Concentration Reference Taken Concentration Range Concentration Range (Bq/l) (Bq/l) Range (Bq/l) BH2A016D 3 0.045 – 0.087 0.253 – 0.972 0.8 – 11.4 BH2A017S 3 0.010 – 0.635 0.844 – 1.210 0.0 – 0.9 BH2A018S 3 0.016 – 0.065 0.207 – 0.287 0.0 – 7.6 WS2A517M 2 0.193 – 0.429 0.212 – 0.743 0.0

Radiochemistry analysis was undertaken on three of these sample and the results of this are shown in Table 3.7. The results fall significantly below WHO guidelines and would not be considered to represent unacceptable risks.

Table 3.7 Results of Gamma Spectrometry Analysis on Groundwater Samples

Radionuclide Activity Range (Bq/m3) Pu-238 0.302 – 0.667 Pu-239/40 0.302 – 0.705 U-234 21.8 – 305.7 U-235 0.771 – 6.052 U-238 6.828 – 106.054

A summary of the results of the metal analyses are presented in Table 3.8. A total of 9 samples were analysed for each determinant. Some metals were found to have exceeded the DWS, whilst some hydrocarbons exceeded limits derived from WHO and EQS guidelines.

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Table 3.8 Contaminants Encountered in Groundwater above the Laboratory Limit of Detection

Determinant Concn Max Value 2nd Value No. of DWS/EQS DWS/EQS Range (ug/l) (ug/l) (ug/l) Results > (ug/l) Exceeded LOD

Inorganic Determinands 2.0 3.0 Arsenic LoD –3.0 (BH2A017S, 7 10, 50 N (BH2A016D) BH2A018S) 30 60 (BH2A016D, Barium LoD – 60 8 1000 N (BH2A018S) BH2A017S, BH2A018S) 980 910 Boron 190 - 980 9 2000, 1000 N (BH2A017S) (BH2A017S) 3 8 Chromium 2 - 8 (BH2A016D, 9 5-250, 50 N (BH2A018S) BH2A17S) 2.0 4.0 Copper LoD – 4.0 (BH2A016D, 7 1-28, 2000 N (BH2A017S) BH2A017S) 0.1 0.2 Mercury LoD – 0.2 (BH2A016D, 4 1, 1 N (BH2A016D) BH2A017S) 54 51 Nickel 4 - 54 9 50-200, 20 Y (BH2A017S) (BH2A017S) 147 24 Zinc LoD - 147 5 8-500, 5000 Y (BH2A016D) (BH2A017S) Organic Determinands (mg/l) 0.242 Ethyl Benzene LoD – 0.242 N/A 1 0.002 (1) Y (BH2A018S) 1.21 O-xylene LoD – 1.21 N/A 1 0.03 (2) Y (BH2A018S) 0.695 M and p-xylene LoD – 0.695 N/A 1 0.03 (2) Y (BH2A018S) Total GRO LoD – 2.1 BH2A018S N/A 1 0.01 (3) Y 0.54 0.4 TPH (GC) LoD – 0.54 7 0.01 (3) Y (BH2A016D) (BH2A017S)

(1) Utilising WHO guidelines which range from 0.002 – 0.2mg/l

(2) Utilised most conservative EQS value for Xylene

(3) DWS utilised for hydrocarbons / oils / hydrocarbons

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Explosives

Explosive analysis on groundwater samples identified no results above the Limit of Detection (LoD) with the exception of Borehole BH2A018S, which had an isolated elevated result of 95mg/kg for HMX.

Asbestos

Due to historical uncontrolled tipping activities, asbestos has been found at various locations across this part of the site during previous intrusive site investigation works. Two samples were submitted for asbestos analysis (from TP2A040 and TP2A525). Neither sample had asbestos fibres present.

Key Findings

Key chemical contaminants of concern identified in soils within 10 metres of the site boundaries above LoD include metals and hydrocarbons, however, no soil contaminant concentrations were identified above the derived SGV or GAC for soil samples analysed.

Available soil radiological activity analytical data indicates the majority of soil activity noted did not exceed the AWE ‘threshold level’, and the few exceedances over the AWE threshold level were typically marginal.

Key contaminants of concern identified in boreholes groundwater samples above LoD included metals and organics, some of which exceeded their respective DWS/EQS/WHO guidelines. No radiological activity levels were identified that presented an unacceptable risk. One isolated concentration of explosive contamination was identified above the LoD.

It should be noted that no significant visual or olfactory contamination was noted from field observations for any of the exploratory hole sample locations included.

3.7.4 Building Desk Top Studies

BAE Systems building reports (Ref. 14) carried out in 2001 identified a number of potential sources of pollution present within buildings 8F2 and 8F3B either from the materials used in the construction of the buildings and associated infrastructure or from the operations that historically have taken place therein, as outlined in Table 3.9.

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Table 3.9 Potential Pollutant Sources

Potential Building Source/Detail Contaminant Category Explosives 8F2 EDC1, PETN, RDX/TNT, CompB3, Cyclotol 8F3B RDX/TNT, Barratol

Asbestos 8F2 Possibly in steam pipe lagging

8F3B No further detail Organics 8F3B Trimethyl propane (solid acid), resins – phenolic, polyurethane foam, isocyanates, alcohols, general hydrocarbons.

3.7.5 Geophysics

RPS have issued Geophysical survey reports for the land within the Phase 2A Demolition area (Ref. 22), which also cover the site areas in question. Surveys were conducted using magnetic and electromagnetic survey equipment. Generally geophysical surveys identified ferrous and non ferrous anomalies, some of which were notably clustered at locations of former building footprints. The exact nature of all of these anomalies is unknown but they could represent hazardous materials associated with the former buildings’ uses.

Some anomalies were suggested to correspond to metallic objects within the ground or areas of ground with a differing density or permeability to its surroundings such as infilled / redundant drains / culverts, and also correlated with routes of known locations of buried services (water mains, telecoms, ducts etc). Areas of reinforced concrete were also identified.

The report considered there to be a low risk that the ferrous anomalies may represent small accumulations or individual items of buried ordnance and in conclusion, recommended that further intrusive investigation should be undertaken to identify their nature. However, no specific anomalies within the site area were identified.

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4 Preliminary Conceptual Site Model

4.1 Introduction

The following section sets out a Preliminary Conceptual Site Model based on the available information for the site. This qualitatively describes potential contaminant sources present within and around the site of Buildings 8F2 and 8F3B, receptors that contaminants could impact on, and also pathways that may exist to allow contaminants to impact upon the identified receptors. The model is based on the redevelopment of these areas with the proposed commercial / industrial end use of the site discussed in Section 1.1.

The Preliminary Conceptual Site Model has been developed using current UK guidelines including CLR11 (Ref. 29), BS10175 (Ref. 30) and best practice guidance provided by the Safegrounds Learning Network (Ref. 31). The model has been developed using the information provided in the previous sections which has in turn been obtained from the referenced reports.

The model is based on the site’s proposed use, which can be summarised as permanent commercial/industrial.

4.2 Potential Contaminant Sources

Based on the data sources in Section 3.7 it is considered that there is the potential for contamination to be present, and also the potential for the presence of as yet unidentified sources of contamination that could impact upon the site based on its proposed use and commercial / industrial end use scenario. The likelihood of the contaminant source being present on the site is provided in brackets:

ƒ Radiological soil and groundwater contamination associated with current and former site activities (negligible to low likelihood);

ƒ Asbestos contamination of soil associated with current and former site activities (low likelihood);

ƒ Metal and hydrocarbon contamination of soil associated with current and former site activities (low likelihood);

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ƒ Explosive contamination of soil associated with current and former site activities (low to moderate likelihood);

ƒ Metal and hydrocarbon contamination of shallow groundwater (negligible to low likelihood);

It is important to note that the site has not been included in detailed, site specific, previous ground investigation.

4.3 Receptors

Potential receptors to contamination based on the proposed use of the site include:

ƒ AWE site staff and visitors to site;

ƒ Construction workers;

ƒ Future grounds workers (i.e. gardeners and underground service maintenance) from the occasional disturbance to subsurface soil, and potential contact with contaminated soil that may occur during maintenance work;

ƒ Burghfield Brook and other surface waters potentially fed by groundwater (including the Foundry Brook Tributaries, and the ‘unnamed stream’ located immediately north of the AWE (B) fence boundary running in a west – east direction);

ƒ Shallow groundwater; and,

ƒ Deep groundwater including the chalk aquifer.

4.4 Potential Pollutant Linkages

Potential pollutant linkages along with their likelihood of occurring are qualitatively described in brackets based on the current site use, they include the following:

ƒ Inhalation, dermal contact and ingestion of radiological and non radiological contaminants in soils by AWE site staff, visitors and other proposed users (Low Risk);

ƒ Inhalation, dermal contact and ingestion of radiological and non radiological contaminants in soils by construction staff (Low to Moderate Risk);

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ƒ Inhalation, dermal contact and ingestion of radiological and non radiological contaminants in soils by future grounds workers (Low to Moderate Risk);

ƒ Inhalation or accumulation of ground gases and volatile substances (Low Risk);

ƒ Inhalation of asbestos by construction workers from asbestos contaminated soils (Low to Moderate Risk);

ƒ Inhalation of asbestos by future site users from asbestos contaminated soils (Low Risk);

ƒ Leaching of radiological and non radiological contaminants in soils by infiltrating rainfall and contaminants migrating into the shallow aquifer (Low Risk);

ƒ Migration of radiological and non radiological contaminants in shallow groundwater into the Burghfield Brook and other surface water features (Low Risk);

ƒ Radiological and non radiological contaminants migrating vertically into deeper aquifer (Low Risk);

ƒ Surface runoff carrying contaminated fines into the Burghfield Brook (Low Risk);

ƒ Radiological and non radiological contaminants in groundwater migrating into the nearby abstraction borehole (Low Risk);

ƒ Buried ordnance exploding during ground excavations (Low to Moderate Risk); and,

ƒ Explosion caused by explosively contaminated soils being disturbed during demolition or earthworks (Low Risk).

It is considered that no further investigation is required when the risk is considered negligible. Low risk scenarios would typically require less intrusive investigation, sampling and analysis compared to higher risk scenarios.

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4.5 Summary of Conceptual Site Model

The potential for chemical, explosive, radiological and ground gas contaminants to be present within soils and groundwater underlying the site has been qualitatively identified. Several potential pollutant linkages between contaminant sources and sensitive receptors have been identified. Of the potential pollutant linkages summarised in Section 4.4, several have been identified as requiring additional investigation or assessment.

Based on RPS experience during previous ground investigations at AWE Burghfield, random historic tipping of asbestos has been encountered across the site, there is a noted possibility of construction workers encountering asbestos contaminated soils during ground preparatory works the site areas as part of the Project Mensa Development.

The majority of site areas within the Project Mensa Development will retain and add to the amount of hardstanding / impermeable cover that will minimise risks of future site users coming into contact with potentially contaminated soils. Hardstanding also results in very low infiltration rates which will subsequently minimise the risk of rainfall leaching contaminants into soils and impacting on the groundwater. The hardstanding will also prevent spillages entering the ground.

No abnormal events have been raised with regards to pollution incidents, and a review of health physics monitoring has not identified any sign of radiological contamination requiring decontamination. The likelihood of solid radiological waste entering or contaminating the ground, based on current information is considered low given the current and proposed operations.

Based on the soil analytical data assessed, no contaminant concentrations were identified as exceeding SGVs or derived GACs. The likelihood of the contamination identified representing a risk to human health is low. Based on the borehole groundwater data concentrations of some metal and hydrocarbon determinants were identified at levels greater than their respective EQS / DWS / WHO guidelines.

Due to the potential for encountering previously unidentified contamination and also the historical uses of buildings present on the site it is recommended that a ground investigation should be undertaken to ensure the health of future users and controlled waters are adequately protected.

RPS Planning & Development 30 AWE Burghfield December 2008 JER3996 LQA Desktop Study Report – Land Surrounding Buildings 8F2 and 8F3B

5 Conclusions and Recommendations

5.1 Conclusions

There has been very limited ground investigation undertaken at the site to date, however there has been extensive investigation of the land surrounding some of the buildings covered by this Desk Top Study.

A wide variety of potential contaminants have been stored, manufactured or processed in the different buildings. However, the previous investigation did not encounter any significantly elevated concentrations of metals or organic contaminants, and no explosives were encountered.

This study has not identified categorically that contamination is present at the site, however, potential sources of contamination have been identified, based on the current and historical uses of the buildings on the site as well as intrusive investigations of nearby land areas. Consequently, potential pollutant linkages have been identified representing potential risk to site receptors. Further investigation is therefore required and it is recommended that mitigation measures are implemented to minimise the risks to construction workers from encountering contamination at the site (especially asbestos).

5.2 Recommendations

5.2.1 Further Investigation

It is recommended that an intrusive ground investigation be carried out in order to characterise the areas covered by this study which have not yet been subject to investigation, assessment or any characterisation. It is envisaged that such an investigation would entail the excavation of hand and trial pits to enable soil sampling and analysis, and the drilling of shallow and deep boreholes to permit groundwater analysis and monitoring.

This would clarify whether any risks are posed to human health or the environment from the ground conditions based on the proposed commercial/industrial end use

RPS Planning & Development 31 AWE Burghfield December 2008 JER3996 LQA Desktop Study Report – Land Surrounding Buildings 8F2 and 8F3B

scenario and enable any further assessment/remediation measures to be undertaken.

5.2.2 Mitigation of Construction Workers Contamination and Associated Risks

Given the potential presence of asbestos, chemical and radiological contaminants in soils and groundwater, possible risks are posed to construction workers during development works. The CDM Regulations 2007 are considered the most appropriate mechanism to manage risks to construction workers, AWE staff and the general public. It is therefore recommended that appropriate safety briefings are provided on potential hazards at the site and appropriate PPE, health and safety and welfare measures are utilised during ground works. Such protocols should be set out in a Health and Safety Plan and a Safe System of Work. The Safe Systems of Work should also include procedures for managing the hazards associated with occurrence of previously unidentified contamination.

RPS Planning & Development 32 AWE Burghfield December 2008 JER3996 LQA Desktop Study Report – Land Surrounding Buildings 8F2 and 8F3B

6 References

1. ODPM, 2004. Planning Policy Statement 23 (PPS23); Planning and Pollution Control. Her Majesty’s Stationary Office

2. Berkshire Contaminated Land Group (unknown). The Berkshire Guide to Developing Potentially Contaminated Land. Berkshire Council, Newbury

3. Statutory Instrument, The Water Environment (Water Framework Directive) (England and Wales) Regulations, 2003

4. Statutory Instrument Radioactive Contaminated Land (Modification of Enactments) (England) Regulations 2006

5. Statutory Instrument no. 2746, 1965. The Nuclear Installations Act

6. Nuclear Safety Directorate 2001. Guidance for inspectors on the management of Radioactive Materials and Radioactive waste on nuclear sites

7. Statutory Instrument (c.12), 1993. The Radioactive Substances Act. HMSO

8. Statutory Instrument 1986 No. 1002 and 1992 No. 647 (amendment). The Radioactive Substances Act (SoLA) Exemption Order

9. Statutory Instrument No. 2648, 1962. The Radioactive Substances (Phosphatic substances, rare earths, etc) exemption order. PSRE

10. Statutory Instrument 1999 No. 3232, The Ionising Radiations Regulations

11. AWE plc (Woollin, C.A.), 2008, Natural Background Radioactivity in Building Materials and the Local Environment at AWE Aldermaston and Burghfield, AWE Report 457/08 (Ref. AWE/SAC32/ASc/TR/164/08)

12. World Health Organisation, 2004. (WHO) Drinking water standards (3rd edition). Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, WHO

13. Environment Agency (2007). Groundwater Protection: Policy and Practise, EA

14. BAE Systems (2001) Land Quality Assessment Phase 1 Desktop Study at AWE Burghfield, Berkshire, Report No. DSD01/B/RP/LQS/001

15. RPS 2008, Ground Conditions Chapter (Chapter 7) of Project Mensa Environmental Statement Vol. 1.

16. RPS (2008) Ground Conditions Technical Report, Project Mensa Development, AWE Burghfield, Berkshire, Ref: JER3860/Mensa/GCTR

17. RPS (2005), Geophysics Report for Phase 2A Demolition Area, AWE Burghfield Berkshire, Ref: EDMS1/800AA303/B/SR403.

18. AWE (B) Site-centred Site Scope Report, November 2003

RPS Planning & Development 33 AWE Burghfield December 2008 JER3996 LQA Desktop Study Report – Land Surrounding Buildings 8F2 and 8F3B

19. British Geological Survey (2000). 1:50,000 scale Solid and Drift Geology; Reading (sheet 268). BGS

20. British Geological Survey. 1:10,000 scale map, SU 66 NE geological map. BGS

21. Environment Agency. Groundwater Vulnerability Map Sheet 38

22. RPS, Factual Geo-environmental Ground Investigation Report, Phase 2A Demolition Area, Zone 1, AWE Burghfield, Ref: JER3058/P2A/L5/F, Rev 0, November 2005

23. Environment Agency (2000). The Physical Properties of Minor Aquifers in England and Wales, EA

24. Environment Agency. 1:100,000 scale Hydrogeological Map (Sheet 7); South West Chilterns, Berkshire and Marlborough Downs

25. The Environment Agency, 2002. Potential Contaminants for the Assessment of Land, CLR-8, London: HMSO;

26. DWS Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (1989), UK Drinking Water Standards taken from Statutory Instruments No. 1147), Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 1989/2000. London: HMSO.

27. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (1989), UK Drinking Water Standards taken from Statutory Instruments No. 1147), Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 1989/2000. London: HMSO.

28. World Health Organisation (2006), Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, Geneva, WHO

29. DEFRA and Environment Agency, September 2004. CLR 11; Model Procedures for the Management of Land Contamination, EA

30. British Standards Institution. BS10175:2001. ‘Investigation of Potentially Contaminated Sites – Code of Practice.

31. SAFEGROUNDS (October 2000). Best Practice Guidance for Site Characterisation, Managing Contaminated Land on Nuclear-Licensed and Defence Sites.

RPS Planning & Development 34 AWE Burghfield December 2008 JER3996 LQA Desktop Study Report – Land Surrounding Buildings 8F2 and 8F3B

Drawings

RPS Planning & Development AWE Burghfield December 2008 JER3996 LEGEND

AWE Burghfield Fence Line Burghfield Brook (Current Course) Burghfield Brook (Former Course) Approximate Extent of Alluvium Boundary on BGS 1:10,000 Geology Map Mensa Application Area Phase 2A Demolition Area Buildings 8F2 & 8F3B (Investigation Area Extent) Mound 1 Previous Investigation Locations BH2A017S ?& WS2A517M Gas Ring Main Investigation (2004) & A BA Trial Pit B/G6 BA Phase 2A Demolition Area LQA (2005) A& Borehole with Monitoring Well (Deep) BH2A018S TP2A366 ?& BA ?& Borehole with Monitoring Well (Shallow) & A Probehole with Monitoring Well (Shallow) TP2A607 BA Trial Pit BA TP2A040 BA BH2A016D A&

TP2A525 BA

Rev: Date: Amendment: Name: Checked: Data Source: RPS 2008 Status: PRELIMINARY

Conrad House Beaufort Square Chepstow Monmouthshire NP16 5EP T 01235 838200 F 01235 820351 E [email protected] W www.rpsplc.co.uk Client: AWE Plc Project: Mensa Additional Ground Investigation

Title: Site Location Plan

Scale: A3 @ 1:1,500 0 0.025 0.05km ±

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168250 BH2A13S BH2A011S WS2A060M WS2A056M 168200 46mAOD

45.5mAOD BH2A009S 168150 BH2A001S BH2A020S BH2A021SBH113 45mAOD

BH2A019S 44.5mAOD 168100 WS2A507M WS2A021M 44mAOD

WS2A521M 43.5mAOD 168050 WS2A073M 43mAOD BH2A007S 42.5mAOD WS2A520M WS2A33M BH2A15S 168000WS2A518M 42mAOD BH2A017SWS2A517M BH2A003S BH132 41.5mAOD 167950 BH2A018S 41mAOD 40.5mAOD 167900 40mAOD

BH2A005S 39.5mAOD 167850 39mAOD

467700 467750 467800 467850 467900 467950 468000 468050 468100 468150 468200

Deep Aquifer Groundwater Elevation

168250 Conrad House BH2A014D BH2A012D(G) Beaufort Square Chepstow, BH2A022D Monmouthshire. 168200 36.4mAOD NP16 5EP Tel. 01291 621821 36.3mAOD Fax. 01291 627827 email: [email protected] BH2A010D(G) 36.2mAOD Copyright RPS Consultants 168150 BH2A002D This print is confidential and is supplied on the BH114 36.1mAOD understanding that it will be used only as a record or to identify or inspect parts, concepts or designs and that it is not disclosed to other persons or to be used for construction 36mAOD purposes without permission BH2A023D 168100 BH2A024D 35.9mAOD 35.8mAOD 35.7mAOD 168050 35.6mAOD BH2A008D(G) 35.5mAOD 168000 35.4mAOD RB see drawing 35.3mAOD RB 11/01/06 BH2A004D 35.2mAOD AWE plc 167950 35.1mAOD

35mAOD AWE Burghfield 167900 BH2A016D 34.9mAOD Land Quality 34.8mAOD Assessment BH2A006D 34.7mAOD Groundwater Elevation in 167850 34.6mAOD mAOD for July 2005

467700 467750 467800 467850 467900 467950 468000 468050 468100 468150 468200 JER3058-P2-SF001 Shallow Aquifer Groundwater Elevation 168250 BH2A13S BH2A011S WS2A060M WS2A056M 168200 46mAOD

45.5mAOD BH2A009S 168150 BH2A001S BH2A020S BH2A021SBH113 45mAOD

BH2A019S 44.5mAOD 168100 WS2A507M WS2A021M 44mAOD

WS2A521M 43.5mAOD 168050 WS2A073M 43mAOD BH2A007S 42.5mAOD WS2A520M WS2A33M BH2A15S 168000WS2A518M 42mAOD BH2A017SWS2A517M BH2A003S BH132 41.5mAOD 167950 BH2A018S 41mAOD 40.5mAOD 167900 40mAOD

BH2A005S 39.5mAOD 167850 39mAOD

467700 467750 467800 467850 467900 467950 468000 468050 468100 468150 468200

Groundwater Deep Aquifer Elevation 168250 BH2A014D BH2A012D(G) Conrad House Beaufort Square 36.4mAOD Chepstow, BH2A022D Monmouthshire. 168200 36.3mAOD NP16 5EP Tel. 01291 621821 36.2mAOD Fax. 01291 627827 BH2A010D(G) 36.1mAOD email: [email protected] 168150 BH2A002D Copyright RPS Consultants BH114 This print is confidential and is supplied on the 36mAOD understanding that it will be used only as a record or to identify or inspect parts, concepts or designs and that it is 35.9mAOD not disclosed to other persons or to be used for construction BH2A023D purposes without permission 168100 BH2A024D 35.8mAOD 35.7mAOD 168050 35.6mAOD 35.5mAOD BH2A008D(G) 35.4mAOD 168000 35.3mAOD RB see drawing BH2A004D 35.2mAOD RB 11/01/06 167950 35.1mAOD AWE plc 35mAOD 34.9mAOD AWE Burghfield 167900 BH2A016D Land Quality 34.8mAOD Assessment BH2A006D 34.7mAOD 167850 34.6mAOD Groundwater Elevation in mAOD for August 2005

467700 467750 467800 467850 467900 467950 468000 468050 468100 468150 468200

JER3058-P2-SF002 Shallow Aquifer Groundwater Elevation

168250 BH2A13S BH2A011S WS2A060M WS2A056M 168200 46mAOD 45.5mAOD BH2A009S 168150 BH2A001S BH2A020S 45mAOD BH2A021SBH113 44.5mAOD BH2A019S 168100 WS2A507M WS2A021M 44mAOD 43.5mAOD WS2A521M 168050 43mAOD WS2A073M BH2A007S 42.5mAOD WS2A33M WS2A518M WS2A520M BH2A15S 168000 42mAOD BH2A017S BH2A003S BH132 WS2A517M 41.5mAOD 167950 41mAOD BH2A018S 40.5mAOD 167900 40mAOD

BH2A005S 39.5mAOD 167850 39mAOD

467700 467750 467800 467850 467900 467950 468000 468050 468100 468150 468200

Groundwater Deep Aquifer Elevation 168250 BH2A014D BH2A012D(G) Conrad House Beaufort Square Chepstow, BH2A022D Monmouthshire. 168200 36.4mAOD NP16 5EP 36.3mAOD Tel. 01291 621821 Fax. 01291 627827 BH2A010D(G) 36.2mAOD email: [email protected] 168150 BH2A002D Copyright RPS Consultants BH114 36.1mAOD This print is confidential and is supplied on the understanding that it will be used only as a record or to identify or inspect parts, concepts or designs and that it is 36mAOD not disclosed to other persons or to be used for construction BH2A023D purposes without permission 168100 BH2A024D 35.9mAOD 35.8mAOD 35.7mAOD 168050 35.6mAOD BH2A008D(G) 35.5mAOD 168000 35.4mAOD 35.3mAOD RB see drawing BH2A004D 35.2mAOD RB 11/01/06 167950 35.1mAOD AWE plc 35mAOD AWE Burghfield 34.9mAOD 167900 BH2A016D Land Quality 34.8mAOD Assessment BH2A006D 34.7mAOD 167850 34.6mAOD Groundwater Elevation in mAOD for September 2005 467700 467750 467800 467850 467900 467950 468000 468050 468100 468150 468200

JER3058-P2-SF003 ± C BNG JER3860 RJ SJ Name: Checked: RJ SJ RJ SJ Revision: Projection: Job Ref: km 0.2 AJC OSGB36 Datum: Checked: 0.1 JER3860-GCTR-004c RPS 2008 1:5,000 PRELIMINARY AWE Plc Site Map Indicating Groundwater Source Protection Zones & AWE Water Monitoring Locations SRM AWE Burghfield Fence Line Mensa Application Area Burghfield Brook - Current Course Burghfield Brook - Old Course Licensed Outfall Outfall Waiting Consent by EA AWE Burghfield Brook Sampling Point AWE Surface Water Sampling Point Groundwater Abstraction Borehole 1 Inner Zone 2 Outer Zone 3 Catchment Date: Amendment: Conrad House BeaufortT Square 01235 838200 Chepstow F 01235 820351 Monmouthshire E NP16 5EP [email protected] W www.rpsplc.co.uk 0 Data Source: Status: Project: Project Mensa Title: Date: 19/09/2007 Drawn: Drawing No: Scale: A3 @ Client: ! ( ! ( # * # * A Legend Source Protection Zone C 30/09/08 Revised Mensa Boundary ARev: 17/03/08 Revised Mensa Boundary B 25/07/08 Revised Mensa Boundary

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© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2008 License number 0100031673

\ r P : J e 3 c J r n 8 : R o e 6 D t g f E j 0 R s i \ a w LQA Desktop Study Report – Land Surrounding Buildings 8F2 and 8F3B

Appendices

RPS Planning & Development AWE Burghfield December 2008 JER3996 LQA Desktop Study Report – Land Surrounding Buildings 8F2 and 8F3B

Appendix A

Previous Investigation Borehole Logs

RPS Planning & Development AWE Burghfield December 2008 JER3996 Borehole No. BOREHOLE LOG BH2A016D Sheet 1 of 2 Project Name: Phase 2A Demolition Area Coordinates Drilling Method: Cable percussion Hole Type Hole Details Project No. JER3058/P2A/L5 Northings: 468177.36 Start Date: 26/07/2005 Cable Hole Diameter Casing Depth Location: AWE Burghfield Eastings: 167884.89 End Date: 28/07/2005 (mm) (m) Scale Client: AWE plc Ground Level: 44.000 m OD Logged By: AP 1:50 Water Samples & In Situ Testing Level Depth Well Legend Strikes Depth (m) Type Results (m AOD) (m) Description Of Strata 0.00•0.10 X1 Dark brown CLAY. (TOPSOIL) 43.70 0.30 0.30•0.40 D1 Slightly silty slightly sandy GRAVEL clayey in parts. Gravel is fine 43.45 0.55 to medium sub•angular to angular. (MADE GROUND) 43.50 43.30 0.70 Stiff brown orange and grey mottled gravelly CLAY. Gravel is fine to 0.80•0.90 D2 43.10 0.90 medium of sub•angular to angular mixed lithology. Clay is damp. 0.90•1.00 X2 (MADE GROUND) 43.00 42.80 1.20 Firm brown orange and grey mottled slightly gravelly CLAY. Gravel is of fine medium sub•angular to angular. (MADE GROUND) 42.50 Firm to stiff brown orange and grey mottled slightly gravelly CLAY with sand bands. Gravel is sub•angular to angular fine to medium. (MADE GROUND) 1.90•2.00 D3 42.00 1.90•2.00 X3 Soft to firm orange brown CLAY with occasional lenses of orange fine 2.00 D4 41.80 2.20 2.00 R4 to medium sand. (DRIFT) 2.00 X4 2.00•2.50 B1 Firm blue grey CLAY with occasional lenses of fine to coarse sand with 41.50 occasional fine to medium gravel. (DRIFT) 41.30 2.70 Firm blue grey CLAY. (LONDON CLAY) 3.00 D5 41.00 3.00 R5 3.00 X5 3.00•3.50 B2 40.50 With rare shell fragments from 3.60m.

4.00 D6 40.00 4.00 R6 4.00 X6 4.00•4.50 B3 39.50

5.00 D7 39.00 5.00 R7 5.00 X7 5.00•5.50 B4 38.50

6.00 R8 38.00 6.00 38.00 Stiff grey locally laminated CLAY with occasional lenses of sand and 6.00•6.50 B5 rare shell fragments. Sand is grey fine to coarse. (LONDON CLAY)

37.50

37.00

7.00•7.50 B6

36.50

36.00

8.00•8.50 B7

35.50

35.00

9.00•9.50 B9

34.50

Continued next sheet HoleBASE III (Bld 398) Standard Borehole Log v1 dated 26th Mar 03 Mar 26th dated v1 Log Borehole Standard 398) (Bld III HoleBASE Remarks: Hand dug starter pit to 1.2m. No obvious contamination observed. Groundwater Chiselling Details Groundwater Notes medium inflow (driller's description). Gas and groundwater monitoring well installed. Time Depth Depth Tool Used Strike (m) Casing Level After Taken From (m) To (m) Depth (m) 20 Mins (m) 14.20 0.00 13.70 Borehole No. BOREHOLE LOG BH2A016D Sheet 2 of 2 Project Name: Phase 2A Demolition Area Coordinates Drilling Method: Cable percussion Hole Type Hole Details Project No. JER3058/P2A/L5 Northings: 468177.36 Start Date: 26/07/2005 Cable Hole Diameter Casing Depth Location: AWE Burghfield Eastings: 167884.89 End Date: 28/07/2005 (mm) (m) Scale Client: AWE plc Ground Level: 44.000 m OD Logged By: AP 1:50 Water Samples & In Situ Testing Level Depth Well Legend Strikes Depth (m) Type Results (m AOD) (m) Description Of Strata 10.00 D8 Stiff grey locally laminated CLAY with occasional lenses of sand and 10.00 X8 rare shell fragments. Sand is grey fine to coarse. (LONDON CLAY) 10.00 R9 10.00•10.50 B10 33.50

33.00

11.00•11.50 B11

32.50

12.00 R10 32.00

12.00•12.50 B12

31.50 31.40 12.60 Soft dark grey slightly sandy CLAY with occasional shell fragments and rare crystals. Increasingly sandy with depth. (LONDON CLAY) 31.00

13.00•13.50 B13

30.50

14.00 R11 30.00 29.90 14.10 14.00•14.50 B14 Dark grey clayey SAND (Loose with shell bands • driller's description). (LONDON CLAY) Damp from 14.3m. 29.50

29.00

15.00•15.50 B15

28.50 28.30 15.70 Interbedded dark grey clayey SAND and soft to firm sandy CLAY. (LONDON CLAY) 16.00 R12 28.00

16.00•16.50 B16

27.45 16.55 27.50 Stiff grey slighlty gravelly CLAY. Gravel is sub•angular to angular fine to medium with shells. (LONDON CLAY)

27.00

17.00•17.50 B17

26.50

18.00 D9 26.00 18.00 26.00 End of Borehole at 18.00 m 18.00•18.50 B18

25.50

25.00

24.50 HoleBASE III (Bld 398) Standard Borehole Log v1 dated 26th Mar 03 Mar 26th dated v1 Log Borehole Standard 398) (Bld III HoleBASE Remarks: Hand dug starter pit to 1.2m. No obvious contamination observed. Groundwater Chiselling Details Groundwater Notes medium inflow (driller's description). Gas and groundwater monitoring well installed. Time Depth Depth Tool Used Strike (m) Casing Level After Taken From (m) To (m) Depth (m) 20 Mins (m) 14.20 0.00 13.70 Borehole No. ROTARY BOREHOLE LOG BH2A017S Sheet 1 of 1

Project Name:Phase 2A Demolition Area Coordinates Drilling Method: Berretta T41 Casing Details Hole Type Hole Diameter Casing Depth Project No.JER3058/P2A/L5 Northings: 468190.97 Start Date: 11/05/2005 (mm) (m) RO

Location: AWE Burghfield Eastings: 167959.38 End Date: 19/05/2005 Scale Client: AWE plc Ground Level: 43.740 m OD Logged By: AP/PT 1:50 Water Samples & In Situ Testing Level Depth Well Legend Strikes Depth (m) Type Results (m AOD) (m) Description Of Strata Brown to dark brown slightly sandy SILT (TOPSOIL) 43.54 0.20 0.30 VOC 0.0 ppm Light brown to brown occasionally red friable CLAY with occasional 0.30•0.50 D1 sand. (MADE GROUND) 43.24 0.00•1.00 X1 43.04 0.70 Brown gravelly CLAY. Gravel is of flint occasional brick and other 0.90 VOC 0.0 ppm mixed lithologies. (MADE GROUND) 0.90•1.10 D2 42.74 1.00 42.74 1.00 X2 42.59 1.15 Firm orange brown slightly sandy slightly gravelly CLAY. Gravel is fine to medium of sub•rounded flint. (ALLUVIUM) 1.50 VOC 0.0 ppm Stiff to very stiff orange mottled CLAY with mudstone bands recovered 42.24 1.50 D3 as gravel. (LONDON CLAY) 1.50 R3 1.50 X3 41.74

2.50 VOC 0.0 ppm 41.24 2.50 D4 2.50 R4 2.50 X4 40.74 40.54 3.20 Stiff to very stiff blue grey SILT/CLAY with thin laminae of fine sand. (LONDON CLAY) 3.50 VOC 0.0 ppm 40.24 3.50 D5 3.50 R5 3.50 X5 4.00 VOC 0.0 ppm 39.74 4.00•4.50 D6 4.00•4.50 R6 4.00•4.50 X6 39.24

5.00 VOC 0.0 ppm 38.74

5.00•5.50 D7 5.00•5.50 R7 5.00•5.50 X7 38.24

37.74 6.00 37.74 End of Borehole at 6.00 m

37.24

36.74

36.24

35.74

35.24

34.74

34.24

Type Results Remarks: Hand dug starter pit to 1.2m. Window sample refusal at Chiselling Details Groundwater Notes 03 Mar 26th dated v1 Log Borehole Standard 398) (Bld III HoleBASE Time Depth Depth Tool Used Strike (m) Casing Level After 4.0m. Rotary open hole follow on. No groundwater Taken From (m) To (m) Depth (m) 20 Mins (m) encountered. gas and groundwater monitoring well installed. Borehole No. ROTARY BOREHOLE LOG BH2A018S Sheet 1 of 1

Project Name:Phase 2A Demolition Area Coordinates Drilling Method: Beretta T41 Casing Details Hole Type Hole Diameter Casing Depth Project No.JER3058/P2A/L5 Northings: 468096.24 Start Date: 20/05/2005 (mm) (m) RO

Location: AWE Burghfield Eastings: 167920.18 End Date: • Scale Client: AWE plc Ground Level: 43.910 m OD Logged By: PT 1:50 Water Samples & In Situ Testing Level Depth Well Legend Strikes Depth (m) Type Results (m AOD) (m) Description Of Strata 0.00 VOC 0.0 ppm 43.81 0.10 Soft brown black slightly sandy slightly gravelly CLAY. Gravel is fine to medium sub•rounded flint and sub•angular brick. (TOPSOIL) 0.40 D1 43.51 0.40 Firm orange brown slightly sandy slightly gravelly CLAY. Gravel is 43.41 0.40 R1 fine to medium sub•angular brick and sub•rounded flint. (MADE 0.40 X1 GROUND) 43.11 0.80 0.90 D2 VOC 0.0 ppm Firm to stiff brown mottled slightly gravelly CLAY with iron staining. 42.91 0.90 R2 Gravel is fine to medium sub•rounded flint. (MADE GROUND) 0.90 X2 42.71 1.20 1.00 Firm to stiff blue grey mottled red slightly gravelly SILT/CLAY with some wood fragments. Gravel is fine to medium of sub•angular to 42.41 sub•rounded flint. (MADE GROUND) Soft to firm grey green SILT with decomposing wood fragments. (ALLUVIUM) 2.00 VOC 0.0 ppm 41.91 2.00 D3 41.71 2.20 2.00 R3 41.66 2.25 Fine to medium sub•angular mudstone GRAVEL. (ALLUVIUM) 2.00 X3 2.50 D4 Firm to stiff grey orange slightly gravelly CLAY. (LONDON CLAY) 41.41 2.50 X4

3.00 R4 40.91

3.50 VOC 0.0 ppm 40.41 3.50 D5 3.50 X5

4.00 R5 39.91

4.50 VOC 0.0 ppm 39.41 4.50 D6 4.50 X6

5.00 VOC 0.0 ppm 38.91 5.00 R6 5.00 D7

5.00•6.00 X7 38.41

6.00 R7 37.91 6.00 37.91 End of Borehole at 6.00 m

37.41

36.91

36.41

35.91

35.41

34.91

34.41

Type Results Remarks: Hand dug starter pit to 1.0m. Window sample to 2.5m with Chiselling Details Groundwater Notes 03 Mar 26th dated v1 Log Borehole Standard 398) (Bld III HoleBASE Time Depth Depth Tool Used Strike (m) Casing Level After rotary open hole follow on. Gas and groundwater monitoring Taken From (m) To (m) Depth (m) 20 Mins (m) well installed. 2.50 • 1.00 Borehole No. BOREHOLE LOG WS2A517M Sheet 1 of 1

Project Name: Phase 2A Demolition Area (2005)Coordinates Drilling Method: Window sample Hole Type Hole Details Project No. B04 - JER3058 Northings: 468220.71 Start Date: 11/05/2005 WS AWE Burghfield Hole Diameter Casing Depth Location: Eastings: 167955.92 End Date: 09/06/2005 (mm) (m) Scale Client: AWE plc Ground Level: 43.920 m OD Logged By: AP/KM 1:50 Water Samples & In Situ Testing Level Depth Well Legend Strikes Depth (m) Type Results (m AOD) (m) Description Of Strata 0.00-0.10 X Brown to dark brown CLAY (TOPSOIL) 0.20-0.40 D 0.20-0.40 R 43.52 0.40 Brown occasionally orange slightly gravelly CLAY. 43.42 (DRIFT) 43.17 0.75 Brown gravelly CLAY. (DRIFT) 1.00 D 42.92 1.00 X 42.72 1.20 Firm to stiff brown mottled orange brown and blue grey slightly sandy CLAY with occassional pockets of light grey 1.50 D 42.42 1.50 X fine angular mudstone gravel surrounded by light grey discolouration. (LONDON CLAY) Slight seepage associated with a pocket of gravel at 2.00 R 1.82m. 41.92

2.50 D 41.42 2.50 X

3.00 R 40.92 3.00 40.92 End of Borehole at 3.00 m

40.42

39.92

39.42

38.92

38.42

37.92

37.42

36.92

36.42

35.92

35.42

34.92

34.42 HoleBASE III (Bld 414.8) Standard Borehole Log v1 dated 26th Mar 03 Remarks: Hand dug starter pit to 1.2m. No obvious contamination observed. Chiselling Details Groundwater Notes Gas and groundwater monitoring well installed. Time Depth Depth Tool Used Strike (m) Casing Level After Taken From (m) To (m) Depth (m) 20 Mins (m) 1.82 - - Trial Pit No. TRIAL PIT LOG B/G6 Sheet 1 of 1

Project Name: Gas Ring Main Investigation (2004) N- 167941.81 Ground Level Co-ords: Date: 21/04/2004 Project No. B02 - JER2763 E- 468245.28 - Location: AWE Burghfield Weather: Scale 1:25 Client: AWE plc Equipment: Hand Dug Trial Pit Logged by: RB Samples & In Situ Testing Depth Level Depth (m) Type Ref Results (m) (m AOD) Legend Stratum Description 0.00-0.10 D 1 Made Ground comprising orange brown gravelly clay. Gravel is medium to 0.00-0.10 R 1 coarse flint, concrete and brick fragments. Abundant roots to 0.05mbgl. 0.20 Made Ground comprising orange brown gravelly clay. Gravel is fine to 0.30 coarse flint with concrete and brick fragments with pockets of ash and clinker. Made Ground comprising layer of ash and clinker with abundant coarse 0.50 flint gravel at top of stratum becoming coarse flint gravel in a matrix of black cinders, ash and sand with depth. 0.60 D 2 0.60 R 2 Coarse flint GRAVEL in a matrix of beige sand. Sand is medium to 0.70 coarse grained. Stiff orange brown CLAY veined with blue grey clay occasional vegetative fragments and roots. Wider fractures also have fine grey sand and shell fragments. 1

1.20 D 3 1.20 1.20 R 3 Trial Pit Complete at 1.20 m

2

3

4

Stability: Unstable through coarse Made Ground

Groundwater:

Remarks: HoleBASE III (Bld 414.8) Standard Trialpit Log v1 dated 26th Mar 03 Trialpit No TRIAL PIT LOG TP2A040 Sheet 1 of 1

Project Name: Phase 2A Demolition Area N • 167889.90 Ground Level Co•ords: Date: 31/05/2005 Project No. JER3058/P2A/L5 E • 468132.97 44.790mOD Location: AWE Burghfield Weather: Sunny and warm. Scale 1:25 Client: AWE plc Equipment: JCB 3CX Logged by: ADB Samples & In Situ Testing Depth Level Depth (m) Type Ref Results (m) (m AOD) Legend Stratum Description Turf over soft to firm brown CLAY with occasional gravel and very occasional red brick 0.10 R 1 (MADE GROUND)

0.40 D 1 0.40 X 1

0.90 43.89 Soft brown sandy gravelly CLAY. Gravel is fine to coarse sub•angular to sub•rounded and 1.00 D 2 includes much red brick and red brick cobbles. (MADE GROUND) 1 1.00 R 2 1.00 X 2

Very gravelly with red brick and occasional ash and clinker below 1.30m.

1.70 D 3 1.75 43.04 1.70 R 3 Firm to stiff grey mottled brown CLAY. (LONDON CLAY) 1.70 X 3

2 2.10 42.69 Trialpit Complete at 2.10 m

3

4

Stability: Stable

Remarks: Excavated in side of bund, log represents the back face of the pit. HoleBASE III (Bld 398) Standard Trialpit Log v1 dated 26th Mar 03 Mar 26th dated v1 Log Trialpit Standard 398) (Bld III HoleBASE Trialpit No TRIAL PIT LOG TP2A366 Sheet 1 of 1

Project Name: Phase 2A Demolition Area N • 167920.46 Ground Level Co•ords: Date: 31/05/2005 Project No. JER3058/P2A/L5 E • 468188.40 43.870mOD Location: AWE Burghfield Weather: Overcast. Scale 1:25 Client: AWE plc Equipment: JCB 3CX Logged by: AOB Samples & In Situ Testing Depth Level Depth (m) Type Ref Results (m) (m AOD) Legend Stratum Description Turf over soft brown slightly sandy slightly gravelly CLAY. Gravel is fine to coarse sub•angular to sub•rounded and includes occasional red brick fragments. (MADE GROUND)

0.30 D 1 0.35 43.52 0.30 R 1 Soft to firm grey brown mottled orange brown slightly sandy slightly gravelly CLAY. Gravel 0.30 X 1 is fine to coarse sub•angular to sub•rounded. (Possible made ground). (MADE GROUND)

0.90 42.97 Stiff blue grey mottled brown gravelly CLAY. Gravel is sub•angular to sub•rounded with 1.00 D 2 occasional fine shell fragments. (DRIFT) 1 1.00 R 2 1.00 X 2

1.40 42.47 Stiff blue grey mottled brown slightly gravelly CLAY with occasional small pockets of decayed vegetation and rootlets. Gravel is fine to coarse sub•angular to sub•rounded. (DRIFT)

Slight seepage at 1.80m. 1.90 D 3 1.90 R 3 2.00 41.87 2 1.90 X 3 Trialpit Complete at 2.00 m

3

4

Stability: Stable

Remarks: No obvious contamination observed. HoleBASE III (Bld 398) Standard Trialpit Log v1 dated 26th Mar 03 Mar 26th dated v1 Log Trialpit Standard 398) (Bld III HoleBASE Trialpit No TRIAL PIT LOG TP2A525 Sheet 1 of 1

Project Name: Phase 2A Demolition Area N • 167868.94 Ground Level Co•ords: Date: 31/05/2005 Project No. JER3058/P2A/L5 E • 468170.67 44.150mOD Location: AWE Burghfield Weather: Sunny and warm. Scale 1:25 Client: AWE plc Equipment: JCB 3CX Logged by: AOB Samples & In Situ Testing Depth Level Depth (m) Type Ref Results (m) (m AOD) Legend Stratum Description Turf over soft to firm brown slightly sandy slightly gravelly CLAY with some fine rootlets. 0.10 R 1 Gravel is fine to coarse sub•angular to sub•rounded. (TOPSOIL)

0.30 D 1 0.30 43.85 0.30 X 1 Black ash and clinker and some gravel and cobble sized concrete. (MADE GROUND) 0.45 43.70 Soft brown sandy very clayey GRAVEL. Gravel is fine to coarse sub•angular to 0.55 43.60 sub•rounded. (MADE GROUND) Firm to stiff blue grey mottled brown CLAY with some pockets and layers of orange brown clay/silt and occasional gravel. Gravel is fine to coarse sub•angular to sub•rounded. (Possible made ground). (MADE GROUND)

1.00 D 2 1 1.00 R 2 1.10 43.05 1.00 X 2 Stiff blue grey mottled brown CLAY with some pockets of orange brown CLAY and pockets of fine to medium sub•angular gravel. (DRIFT)

1.60 42.55 Stiff blue grey CLAY with occasional pockets of yellow CLAY and rare shell fragments. (DRIFT)

2.00 D 3 2 2.00 R 3 2.10 42.05 2.00 X 3 Trialpit Complete at 2.10 m

3

4

Stability:

Remarks: HoleBASE III (Bld 398) Standard Trialpit Log v1 dated 26th Mar 03 Mar 26th dated v1 Log Trialpit Standard 398) (Bld III HoleBASE Trialpit No TRIAL PIT LOG TP2A607 Sheet 1 of 1

Project Name: Phase 2A Demolition Area N • 167897.98 Ground Level Co•ords: Date: 14/07/2005 Project No. JER3058/P2A/L5 E • 468113.34 43.670mOD Location: AWE Burghfield Weather: Sunny and warm Scale 1:25 Client: AWE plc Equipment: JCB Logged by: MN Samples & In Situ Testing Depth Level Depth (m) Type Ref Results (m) (m AOD) Legend Stratum Description Brown slightly sandy gravelly CLAY with occasional rootlets. Gravel is medium to coarse of rounded flint with brick fragments and concrete. (MADE GROUND)

Metal rod at 0.20m. Road way is 0.20m thick. 0.30 D 1 0.30 R 1 0.30 X 1

0.60 43.07 Brown orange mottled CLAY with patches of iron staining and occasional wood 0.70 42.97 fragments. (MADE GROUND) Green slightly sandy CLAY with organic odour. (MADE GROUND)

1.00 D 2 1 1.00 R 2 1.00 X 2 1.20 42.47 Stiff brown grey and orange mottled CLAY with occasional pockets of orange sand and occasional white fine to medium sub•rounded gravels. (DRIFT)

2.00 D 3 2.00 41.67 2 2.00 R 3 Trialpit Complete at 2.00 m 2.00 X 3

3

4

Stability: Stable

Remarks: Excavated adjacent to road way. Road build up is 0.20m thick. No groundwater encountered. HoleBASE III (Bld 398) Standard Trialpit Log v1 dated 26th Mar 03 Mar 26th dated v1 Log Trialpit Standard 398) (Bld III HoleBASE LQA Desktop Study Report – Land Surrounding Buildings 8F2 and 8F3B

Appendix B

Historic Aerial Photographs

RPS Planning & Development AWE Burghfield December 2008 JER3996 - ± BNG JER3996 Revision: Name: Checked: Projection: Job Ref: km 0.05 SJ OSGB36 Datum: Checked: RPS 2008 0.025 JER3996-8F-1964 1:1,500 PRELIMINARY AWE Plc Mensa Additional Ground Investigation Aerial Photograph - 1964 RJ AWE Burghfield Fence Line Mensa Application Area Buildings 8F2 & 8F3B (Investigation Area Extent) Date: Amendment: T 01235 838200 F 01235 820351 E [email protected] W www.rpsplc.co.uk Conrad House Beaufort Square Chepstow Monmouthshire NP16 5EP 0 Data Source: Status: Project: Figure No: Title: Drawn: Date: 28/08/2008 Client: Scale: A3 @ LEGEND Rev:

© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2008 License number 0100031673

g s \ in 3 9 w 9 6 J R E r J :\ D r e P a c f: t R o je - ± BNG JER3996 Revision: Name: Checked: Projection: Job Ref: km 0.05 SJ OSGB36 Datum: Checked: RPS 2008 0.025 JER3996-8F-1981 1:1,500 PRELIMINARY AWE Plc Mensa Additional Ground Investigation Aerial Photograph - 1981 RJ AWE Burghfield Fence Line Mensa Application Area Buildings 8F2 & 8F3B (Investigation Area Extent) Date: Amendment: T 01235 838200 F 01235 820351 E [email protected] W www.rpsplc.co.uk Conrad House Beaufort Square Chepstow Monmouthshire NP16 5EP 0 Data Source: Status: Project: Figure No: Title: Drawn: Date: 28/08/2008 Client: Scale: A3 @ LEGEND Rev:

© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2008 License number 0100031673

g s \ in 3 9 w 9 6 J R E r J :\ D r e P a c f: t R o je - ± BNG JER3996 Revision: Name: Checked: Projection: Job Ref: km 0.05 SJ OSGB36 Datum: Checked: RPS 2008 0.025 JER3996-8F-1998 1:1,500 PRELIMINARY AWE Plc Mensa Additional Ground Investigation Aerial Photograph - 1998 RJ AWE Burghfield Fence Line Mensa Application Area Buildings 8F2 & 8F3B (Investigation Area Extent) Date: Amendment: T 01235 838200 F 01235 820351 E [email protected] W www.rpsplc.co.uk Conrad House Beaufort Square Chepstow Monmouthshire NP16 5EP 0 Data Source: Status: Project: Figure No: Title: Drawn: Date: 28/08/2008 Client: Scale: A3 @ LEGEND Rev:

© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2008 License number 0100031673

g s \ in 3 9 w 9 6 J R E r J :\ D r e P a c f: t R o je