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Coelenterata: Anthozoa), with Diagnoses of New Taxa
PROC. BIOL. SOC. WASH. 94(3), 1981, pp. 902-947 KEY TO THE GENERA OF OCTOCORALLIA EXCLUSIVE OF PENNATULACEA (COELENTERATA: ANTHOZOA), WITH DIAGNOSES OF NEW TAXA Frederick M. Bayer Abstract.—A serial key to the genera of Octocorallia exclusive of the Pennatulacea is presented. New taxa introduced are Olindagorgia, new genus for Pseudopterogorgia marcgravii Bayer; Nicaule, new genus for N. crucifera, new species; and Lytreia, new genus for Thesea plana Deich- mann. Ideogorgia is proposed as a replacement ñame for Dendrogorgia Simpson, 1910, not Duchassaing, 1870, and Helicogorgia for Hicksonella Simpson, December 1910, not Nutting, May 1910. A revised classification is provided. Introduction The key presented here was an essential outgrowth of work on a general revisión of the octocoral fauna of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. The far-reaching zoogeographical affinities of this fauna made it impossible in the course of this study to ignore genera from any part of the world, and it soon became clear that many of them require redefinition according to modern taxonomic standards. Therefore, the type-species of as many genera as possible have been examined, often on the basis of original type material, and a fully illustrated generic revisión is in course of preparation as an essential first stage in the redescription of western Atlantic species. The key prepared to accompany this generic review has now reached a stage that would benefit from a broader and more objective testing under practical conditions than is possible in one laboratory. For this reason, and in order to make the results of this long-term study available, even in provisional form, not only to specialists but also to the growing number of ecologists, biochemists, and physiologists interested in octocorals, the key is now pre- sented in condensed form with minimal illustration. -
A Soft Spot for Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution
marine drugs Review A Soft Spot for Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution Adrian Galitz 1 , Yoichi Nakao 2 , Peter J. Schupp 3,4 , Gert Wörheide 1,5,6 and Dirk Erpenbeck 1,5,* 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (G.W.) 2 Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; [email protected] 3 Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; [email protected] 4 Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 26129 Oldenburg, Germany 5 GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany 6 SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Palaeontology and Geology, 80333 Munich, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Marine sponges are the most prolific marine sources for discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Sponge secondary metabolites are sought-after for their potential in pharmaceutical applications, and in the past, they were also used as taxonomic markers alongside the difficult and homoplasy-prone sponge morphology for species delineation (chemotaxonomy). The understanding Citation: Galitz, A.; Nakao, Y.; of phylogenetic distribution and distinctiveness of metabolites to sponge lineages is pivotal to reveal Schupp, P.J.; Wörheide, G.; pathways and evolution of compound production in sponges. This benefits the discovery rate and Erpenbeck, D. A Soft Spot for yield of bioprospecting for novel marine natural products by identifying lineages with high potential Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge of being new sources of valuable sponge compounds. -
Proposal for a Revised Classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera) Christine Morrow1 and Paco Cárdenas2,3*
Morrow and Cárdenas Frontiers in Zoology (2015) 12:7 DOI 10.1186/s12983-015-0099-8 DEBATE Open Access Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera) Christine Morrow1 and Paco Cárdenas2,3* Abstract Background: Demospongiae is the largest sponge class including 81% of all living sponges with nearly 7,000 species worldwide. Systema Porifera (2002) was the result of a large international collaboration to update the Demospongiae higher taxa classification, essentially based on morphological data. Since then, an increasing number of molecular phylogenetic studies have considerably shaken this taxonomic framework, with numerous polyphyletic groups revealed or confirmed and new clades discovered. And yet, despite a few taxonomical changes, the overall framework of the Systema Porifera classification still stands and is used as it is by the scientific community. This has led to a widening phylogeny/classification gap which creates biases and inconsistencies for the many end-users of this classification and ultimately impedes our understanding of today’s marine ecosystems and evolutionary processes. In an attempt to bridge this phylogeny/classification gap, we propose to officially revise the higher taxa Demospongiae classification. Discussion: We propose a revision of the Demospongiae higher taxa classification, essentially based on molecular data of the last ten years. We recommend the use of three subclasses: Verongimorpha, Keratosa and Heteroscleromorpha. We retain seven (Agelasida, Chondrosiida, Dendroceratida, Dictyoceratida, Haplosclerida, Poecilosclerida, Verongiida) of the 13 orders from Systema Porifera. We recommend the abandonment of five order names (Hadromerida, Halichondrida, Halisarcida, lithistids, Verticillitida) and resurrect or upgrade six order names (Axinellida, Merliida, Spongillida, Sphaerocladina, Suberitida, Tetractinellida). Finally, we create seven new orders (Bubarida, Desmacellida, Polymastiida, Scopalinida, Clionaida, Tethyida, Trachycladida). -
Planula Release, Settlement, Metamorphosis and Growth in Two Deep-Sea Soft Corals
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF DEEP-SEA SOFT CORALS IN THE NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR REGION by ©Zhao Sun A thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Ocean Sciences Centre and Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's (Newfoundland and Labrador) Canada 28 April2009 ABSTRACT This research integrates processing of pre erved samples and, for the first time, long-term monitoring of live colonies and the study of planula behaviour and settlement preferences in four deep-sea brooding octocorals (Alcyonacea: Nephtheidae). Results indicate that reproduction can be correlated to bottom temperature, photoperiod, wind speed and fluctuations in phytoplankton abundance. Large planula larvae are polymorphic, exhibit ubstratum selectivity and can fuse together or with a parent colony. Planulae of two Drifa species are also able to metamorphose in the water column before ettlement. Thi research thus brings evidence of both the resilience (i.e., extended breeding period, demersal larvae with a long competency period) and vulnerability (i.e., substratum selectivity, slow growth) of deep-water corals; and open up new perspectives on experimental tudies of deep-sea organisms. II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my supervisor Annie Mercier, as well a Jean-Fran~oi Hamel, for their continuou guidance, support and encouragement. With great patience and pas ion, they helped me adapt to graduate studies. I would also like to thank my co- upervisor Evan Edinger, committee member Paul Snelgrove and examiners Catherine McFadden and Robert Hooper for providing valuable input and for comment on the manuscripts and thesis. -
Best Practice Guidelines in the Development and Maintenance of Regional Marine Species Checklists Version 1.0
www.gbif.org Best Practice Guidelines in the Development and Maintenance of Regional Marine Species Checklists Version 1.0 August 2012 Suggested citation: Nozères, C., Vandepitte, L., Appeltans, W., Kennedy, M. (2012). Best Practice Guidelines in the Development and Maintenance of Regional Marine Species Checklists, version 1.0, released on August 2012. Copenhagen: Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 32 pp, ISBN: 87-92020-46-1, accessible online at http://www.gbif.org/orc/?doc_id=4712 . ISBN: 87-92020-46-1 (10 digits), 978-87-92020-46-8 (13 digits). P e rs is te n t URI: http://www.gbif.org/orc/7doc_idM712 . Language: English. Copyright © Nozères, C., Vandepitte, L., Appeltans, W., Kennedy, M. & Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 2012. This document was produced in collaboration with OBIS Canada/Fisheries and Oceans Canada, EurOBIS/VLIZ and the UNESCO/IOC project office for IODE, Ostend, Belgium. Fisheries and Oceans Pêches et Océans 1 * 1 Canada Canada Flanders Marine Institute L icense: This document is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License Document Control: Version Description Date of release Author(s) 0.1 First complete draft, released for April 2012 Nozères, Vandepitte, public review. Appeltans & Kennedy 1.0 First public final version of the August 2012 Nozères, Vandepitte, docum ent. Appeltans & Kennedy Cover Art Credit: GBIF Secretariat, 2012. Image by Gytizzz (Lithuania), obtained by stock.xchnghttp://www.sxc.hu/photo/1379825 ( ). ISBN 978879202Q468 9 788792 020468 11 Development and Maintenance of Regional Marine Species Checklists Version 1.0 About GBIF The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) was established as a global mega science initiative to address one of the great challenges of the 21st century - harnessing knowledge of the Earth’s biological diversity. -
Embryo and Larval Biology of the Deep- Sea Octocoral Dentomuricea Aff
Embryo and larval biology of the deep- sea octocoral Dentomuricea aff. meteor under different temperature regimes Maria Rakka1,2 António Godinho1,2 Covadonga Orejas3 Marina Carreiro-Silva1,2 1 IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Universidade dos Acores,¸ Horta, Portugal 2 Okeanos-Instituto de Investigacão¸ em Ciências do Mar da Universidade dos Acores,¸ Horta, Portugal 3 Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Instituto Español de Oceanografia, IEO, CSIC, Gijón, Spain ABSTRACT Deep-sea octocorals are common habitat-formers in deep-sea ecosystems, however, our knowledge on their early life history stages is extremely limited. The present study focuses on the early life history of the species Dentomuricea aff. meteor, a common deep- sea octocoral in the Azores. The objective was to describe the embryo and larval biology of the target species under two temperature regimes, corresponding to the minimum and maximum temperatures in its natural environment during the spawning season. At temperature of 13 ±0.5 ◦C, embryos of the species reached the planula stage after 96h and displayed a median survival of 11 days. Planulae displayed swimming only after stimulation, swimming speed was 0.24 ±0.16 mm s−1 and increased slightly but significantly with time. Under a higher temperature (15 ◦C ±0.5 ◦C) embryos reached the planula stage 24 h earlier (after 72 h), displayed a median survival of 16 days and had significantly higher swimming speed (0.3 ±0.27 mm s−1). Although the differences in survival were not statistically significant, our results highlight how small changes in temperature can affect embryo and larval characteristics with potential cascading effects in larval dispersal and success. -
CNIDARIA Corals, Medusae, Hydroids, Myxozoans
FOUR Phylum CNIDARIA corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans STEPHEN D. CAIRNS, LISA-ANN GERSHWIN, FRED J. BROOK, PHILIP PUGH, ELLIOT W. Dawson, OscaR OcaÑA V., WILLEM VERvooRT, GARY WILLIAMS, JEANETTE E. Watson, DENNIS M. OPREsko, PETER SCHUCHERT, P. MICHAEL HINE, DENNIS P. GORDON, HAMISH J. CAMPBELL, ANTHONY J. WRIGHT, JUAN A. SÁNCHEZ, DAPHNE G. FAUTIN his ancient phylum of mostly marine organisms is best known for its contribution to geomorphological features, forming thousands of square Tkilometres of coral reefs in warm tropical waters. Their fossil remains contribute to some limestones. Cnidarians are also significant components of the plankton, where large medusae – popularly called jellyfish – and colonial forms like Portuguese man-of-war and stringy siphonophores prey on other organisms including small fish. Some of these species are justly feared by humans for their stings, which in some cases can be fatal. Certainly, most New Zealanders will have encountered cnidarians when rambling along beaches and fossicking in rock pools where sea anemones and diminutive bushy hydroids abound. In New Zealand’s fiords and in deeper water on seamounts, black corals and branching gorgonians can form veritable trees five metres high or more. In contrast, inland inhabitants of continental landmasses who have never, or rarely, seen an ocean or visited a seashore can hardly be impressed with the Cnidaria as a phylum – freshwater cnidarians are relatively few, restricted to tiny hydras, the branching hydroid Cordylophora, and rare medusae. Worldwide, there are about 10,000 described species, with perhaps half as many again undescribed. All cnidarians have nettle cells known as nematocysts (or cnidae – from the Greek, knide, a nettle), extraordinarily complex structures that are effectively invaginated coiled tubes within a cell. -
Deep-Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Northeast Region: Depth and Geographical Distribution (V
Deep-Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Northeast Region: Depth and Geographical Distribution (v. 2020) by David B. Packer1, Martha S. Nizinski2, Stephen D. Cairns3, 4 and Thomas F. Hourigan 1. NOAA Habitat Ecology Branch, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Sandy Hook, NJ 2. NOAA National Systematics Laboratory Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 3. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 4. NOAA Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program, Office of Habitat Conservation, Silver Spring, MD This annex to the U.S. Northeast chapter in “The State of Deep-Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the United States” provides a revised and updated list of deep-sea coral taxa in the Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa, known to occur in U.S. waters from Maine to Cape Hatteras (Figure 1). Deep-sea corals are defined as azooxanthellate, heterotrophic coral species occurring in waters 50 meters deep or more. Details are provided on the vertical and geographic extent of each species (Table 1). This list is adapted from Packer et al. (2017) with the addition of new species and range extensions into Northeast U.S. waters reported through 2020, along with a number of species previously not included. No new species have been described from this region since 2017. Taxonomic names are generally those currently accepted in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), and are arranged by order, then alphabetically by family, genus, and species. Data sources (references) listed are those principally used to establish geographic and depth distributions. The total number of distinct deep-sea corals documented for the U.S. -
Scs18-23 WG-ESA Report 2018
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Serial No N6900 NAFO SCS Doc. 18/23 SC WORKING GROUP ON ECOSYSTEM SCIENCE AND ASSESSMENT – NOVEMBER 2018 Report of the 11th Meeting of the NAFO Scientific Council Working Group on Ecosystem Science and Assessment (WG-ESA) NAFO Headquarters, Dartmouth, Canada 13 - 22 November 2018 Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................................................3 Theme 1: spatial considerations................................................................................................................................................................4 1.1. Update on VME indicator species data and distribution .............................................................................4 1.2 Progress on implementation of workplan for reassessment of VME fishery closures. .................9 1.3. Discussion on updating Kernel Density Analysis and SDM’s .....................................................................9 1.4. Update on the Research Activities related to EU-funded Horizon 2020 ATLAS Project ...............9 1.5. Non-sponge and non-coral VMEs (e.g. bryozoan and sea squirts). ..................................................... 14 1.6 Ecological diversity mapping and interactions with fishing on the Flemish Cap .......................... 14 1.7 Sponge removal by bottom trawling in the Flemish Cap area: implications for ecosystem functioning ................................................................................................................................................................... -
Southeastern Regional Taxonomic Center South Carolina Department of Natural Resources
Southeastern Regional Taxonomic Center South Carolina Department of Natural Resources http://www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc/ Southeastern Regional Taxonomic Center Invertebrate Literature Library (updated 9 May 2012, 4056 entries) (1958-1959). Proceedings of the salt marsh conference held at the Marine Institute of the University of Georgia, Apollo Island, Georgia March 25-28, 1958. Salt Marsh Conference, The Marine Institute, University of Georgia, Sapelo Island, Georgia, Marine Institute of the University of Georgia. (1975). Phylum Arthropoda: Crustacea, Amphipoda: Caprellidea. Light's Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates of the Central California Coast. R. I. Smith and J. T. Carlton, University of California Press. (1975). Phylum Arthropoda: Crustacea, Amphipoda: Gammaridea. Light's Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates of the Central California Coast. R. I. Smith and J. T. Carlton, University of California Press. (1981). Stomatopods. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Central Atlantic; fishing areas 34,47 (in part).Canada Funds-in Trust. Ottawa, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, by arrangement with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, vols. 1-7. W. Fischer, G. Bianchi and W. B. Scott. (1984). Taxonomic guide to the polychaetes of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Volume II. Final report to the Minerals Management Service. J. M. Uebelacker and P. G. Johnson. Mobile, AL, Barry A. Vittor & Associates, Inc. (1984). Taxonomic guide to the polychaetes of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Volume III. Final report to the Minerals Management Service. J. M. Uebelacker and P. G. Johnson. Mobile, AL, Barry A. Vittor & Associates, Inc. (1984). Taxonomic guide to the polychaetes of the northern Gulf of Mexico. -
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[I]Porifera, Demospongiaep[/I]) Reveals an Unexpected High Level of Spicule Homoplasy Paco Cárdenas, Joana R
Molecular Phylogeny of the Astrophorida ([i]Porifera, Demospongiaep[/i]) Reveals an Unexpected High Level of Spicule Homoplasy Paco Cárdenas, Joana R. Xavier, Julie Reveillaud, Christoffer Schander, Hans Tore Rapp To cite this version: Paco Cárdenas, Joana R. Xavier, Julie Reveillaud, Christoffer Schander, Hans Tore Rapp. Molecular Phylogeny of the Astrophorida ([i]Porifera, Demospongiaep[/i]) Reveals an Unexpected High Level of Spicule Homoplasy. PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2011, 6 (4), 18 p. 10.1371/jour- nal.pone.0018318. hal-01369354 HAL Id: hal-01369354 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01369354 Submitted on 20 Sep 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Molecular Phylogeny of the Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiaep) Reveals an Unexpected High Level of Spicule Homoplasy Paco Ca´rdenas1*¤, Joana R. Xavier2,3, Julie Reveillaud4,5, Christoffer Schander1,6, Hans Tore Rapp1,6 1 Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, 2 CIBIO – Research Centre for Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, CIBIO-Azores, Biology Department, University of the Azores, Azores, Portugal, 3 CEAB – Center for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CSIC), Blanes, Spain, 4 Marine Biology Section, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, 5 CeMoFE, Center for Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution, Ghent, Belgium, 6 Centre for Geobiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Abstract Background: The Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiaep) is geographically and bathymetrically widely distributed. -
An Examination of the Distribution, Abundance, and Habitat Preferences of Soft Corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) in Offshore Nova Scotian Waters
An examination of the distribution, abundance, and habitat preferences of soft corals (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) in offshore Nova Scotian waters ENVS 4902 Environmental Science Undergraduate Honours Thesis Lauren Ballantyne BSc. Honours Co-op Environmental Science minor in Biology Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Supervisor: Dr. Susan Gass Senior Instructor and Academic Advisor Environmental Science Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Supervisor: Dr. Francisco Javier Murillo Perez Research Scientist Ocean and Ecosystem Science Division of DFO Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS Course Instructor: Dr. Tarah Wright Professor Environmental Science Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS April 20, 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................... IV LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................... V GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................. VI ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. VIII 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................ 8 2.1 CORAL