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Download Article Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 182 2018 2nd International Conference on Education, Economics and Management Research (ICEEMR 2018) On the Application of Dongui Bogam for the Memory of the World Register: Influences and Reflections Diangang Liu Chi Gu* School of Foreign Languages School of Foreign Languages Hubei University of TCM Hubei University of TCM Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430065, PRC Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430065, PRC [email protected] [email protected] Herong Mao Yunhui Wu School of Foreign Languages School of Foreign Languages Hubei University of TCM Hubei University of TCM Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430065, PRC Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430065, PRC [email protected] Abstract—Dongui Bogam, the Korean medical classic, has Qi and Blood, differentiation of four manifestations (Si Xiang) been deeply rooted in traditional Chinese culture, especially and mutual promoting and restraining of the Five Elements. traditional Chinese medical culture. Its application for the What’s more, Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhist beliefs Memory of the World Register has triggered heated discussion have all exerted profound influence on the compilation of the internationally on cultural consciousness and cultural protection classic [2]. etc. We strongly believe that the application event has exerted profound influence on the South Korean cultural confidence and With great efforts made by the Cultural Heritage cultural self-consciousness as well as the reflection on the Administration of the Republic of Korea, the two full sets of protection of Chinese cultural sovereignty, and there are a few the first print of Dongui Bogam was successfully registered on valuable lessons we should learn from the event. the Memory of the World List by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (the Keywords—Dongui Bogam; application for the Memory of the UNESCO) on July 31, 2009. The successful application of the World Register; influences; reflections classic has stirred up heated discussion both at home and abroad, especially in China, where it is generally believed to I. INTRODUCTION be the hometown of all traditional Chinese medicine. In the late 16th and early 17th century, people of ancient Korea were suffering from stricken-poverty and severe II. INFLUENCES OF THE APPLICATION OF DONGUI BOGA M pestilence because Korea at that time was a war-ravaged FOR THE MEM ORY OF THE WORLD REGISTER country composed of a couple of states. The King then Joseon A. Influence on the South Korean Cultural Confidence and Seonjo was pitiful of people’s suffering and placed great hope on medicine, so he instructed the great royal doctors to Cultural Self-consciousness compile an encyclopedic work of medicine. Heo Jun and other Dongui Bogam’s successful application for the Memory of literati spent 15 years under the king’s decree compiling the the World Register has received worldwide attention. It had medical classic. They finally completed the compilation work been a bridge for the spread of traditional Korean medical Principles and Practice of Eastern Medicine or Dongui Bogam culture and had received a well-known reputation throughout (translated from Korean language) in 1610 A.D [1]. Right the world. The year of 2013 marked the 400th anniversary of after the advent, the classic had been taken seriously by all the the publication of Dongui Bogam. So in this year, the South governments of ancient Korea and later the South Korean Korean government had set up a commission on the promotion government. of the work for preparing the inscription, carrying out the editing of a new version and other relevant works. At the same Obviously, this medical classic had been deeply influenced time, more and more foreigners are going to South Korea to by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and traditional study traditional Korean medicine from then on, which further Chinese culture. It has referred to many TCM classics, such as enhances the South Korean confidence on the cultural legacies the Plain Questions, the Spiritual Pivot, and Treatise on left by their ancestors. Exogenous Febrile Diseases. The essence of the classic is to disclose the nature of medicine by studying the circulation of Dongui Bogam’s successful application for the Memory of the World Register has also improved the cultural self- This research is financially supported by academic programs of Hubei provincial department of education (2014318, 15Q112 ) Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. 420 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 182 consciousness for different groups of interests in South Korea. III. REFLECTIONS ON THE APPLICATION OF DONGUI BOGA M Since the application, the South Korean government has paid FOR THE MEM ORY OF THE WORLD REGISTER much more attention to protecting its traditional culture to Except for its value in the inheritance and development of make it more popular and internationalized. However, it’s TCM classics, Dongui Bogam also attaches great significance generally held that the South Korean traditional culture is to the study of the integrity of TCM classics due to its wide profoundly rooted in Confucianism. On the basis of this rich collection of TCM classics in history. For example, it had background, it did not only actively absorb the essence of preserved some lost articles of TCM classics in the early western culture, but also made creative transformation of their history, such as the lost parts of Zhang Zhongjing’s and Ge traditional culture. Thus a model of Korean modern culture Hong’s medical works. In this sense, it is of great literature with distinctive features of the times was formed. By value in reediting some significant TCM classics. That’s the combining the excellent traditional culture with modern very important reason why its successful application has got fashion trends, South Korea has created a modern culture with so many Chinese people so nervous. Then, what lessons can Korean characteristics and successfully made it more popular we learn from the event? and famous on the international arena. As some South Korean scholars believed, traditional Korean culture will continue to The rapid development of traditional Korean medicine has survive only by closely connecting and constantly updating a lot to do with the government’s protecting and exploiting with the times [3]. policies in traditional medicine or even in traditional culture. The South Korean government has a unique model of Unlike China, South Korea doesn’t have long prosperous cultivating traditional Korean medicine talents. For example, history as well as the magnificent landscapes. But it has far being a traditional Korean medicine doctor is a popular surpassed China in the protection of culture and greater efforts profession now in South Korea. If one wants to study can be clearly seen after the successful application [4]. For traditional Korean medicine, he is required to gain high scores instance, at the end of 2013, Kim Chi was recognized by the in the entrance examination. He has to study in the university UNESCO under the continuous promotion of South Korean for six years, with two years of pre-medical education and four government. Finally, Pickles and Kim Chi were registered on years of undergraduate education, which reflects the the World Intangible Cultural Heritage List. In 2015, the Tug- management system of a combination of credit system and of-war across four countries of South Korea, Vietnam, grading system. To be a traditional Korean medicine Cambodia and the Philippines was included in UNESCO’s practitioner, one must take the relevant tests [6]. The South List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. And by then, Tug-of-war Korean government does not accept the students who get has become the 18th National Intangible Cultural Heritage in relevant qualification or degrees abroad. When returning home, South Korea. The accomplishments South Korea has made in one still has to study at the Korean medical university and cultural protection truly manifest South Korean self- attend the relevant examination for the qualifications of being consciousness of traditional cultural values and the doctors. international recognition of South Korean traditional culture all over the world. The South Korean government has developed a flexible management policy of developing traditional Korean medicine B. Influence on the Protection of Chinese Cultural too. Early in 1951, the government had promulgated relevant Sovereignty laws that identified the equal position of traditional Korean Since 2009, Chinese government has issued a series of medicine and Western Medicine, which has laid one of the policies in the protection of TCM culture. In 2009, the State foundations for the rapid development of traditional Korean Council had issued a document, Opinions on Supporting and medicine [7]. Promoting the Development of TCM Cause, which clearly states that TCM with its profound philosophical thoughts and Additionally, the South Korean government attaches great humanities is our national treasure and the representative of importance to cultivating the public’s awareness and educating the soft power of our country, and that TCM has played an the traditional culture. The government and the public have important role in promoting the development of traditional taken active measures to protect traditional culture. For Chinese culture on the whole. example, a small pottery-kiln site, an ancient wall, or a temple might be the tangible treasure in South Korea. In many In terms of the world cultural heritage application of TCM, museums and memorial halls, we can see many young parents the Chinese government had also changed its strategy from came to visit with their children. They patiently talk to their taking TCM as a whole to dividing TCM into individual parts. children about South Korean cultural relics, which prove to be It’s requested that when applying for the world cultural a great cultural enlightenment for the generations to come.
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