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AEC buka peluang lebih besar Pengembangan operasi PKS tempatan sekitar Asia Tenggara Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak percaya pelaksanaan Komuniti Ekonomi ASEAN (AEC) menyediakan peluang lebih besar kepada sektor perusahaan kecil dan sederhana (PKS) tempatan untuk mengembangkan operasi di rantau Asia Tenggara. Perdana Menteri berkata, pelaksanaan AEC akan mengakibatkan liberalisasi lebih besar terhadap tarif dan sekatan bukan tarif dalam kalangan negara ASEAN. Sehubungan itu, beliau membe ritahu, sektor PKS tempatan perlu bersedia untuk merebut peluang yang ditawarkan menerusi pelaksanaan AEC.“Adalah penting bagi syarikat-syarikat PKS di negara ini mencapai ekonomi skala relatif atau mengemukakan usul bernilai tinggi. Menurut beliau, sektor “Langkah itu akan menjadikan Negara, Tan Sri Dr. Zeti Akhtar Aziz PKS berjaya mengekalkan kita kekal berdaya saing berbanding serta Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif SME prestasi pertumbuhan yang lebih “ sektor PKS di negara-negara Corp. Malaysia, Datuk Dr. Hafsah baik daripada pertumbuhan DRIVING ASEAN yang lain,” katanya ketika Hashim. ekonomi keseluruhan. berucap membuka mesyuarat Majlis Pelancaran AEC yang “Sektor PKS berkembang Pembangunan PKS Kebangsaan bertujuan memperkukuhkan pada kadar purata tahunan 8.6 Transformation, (NSDC) Ke-19 yang dipengerusikan kerjasama ekonomi serantau peratus berbanding pertumbuhan beliau di bangunan Parlimen . dijadualkan berlangsung pada 31 purata Ke luaran Dalam Negara Turut hadir Menteri di Jabatan Disember ini. Kasar (KDNK) keseluruhan Perdana Menteri, Datuk Seri Abdul Sementara itu, Najib sebanyak 5.4 peratus dalam Wahid Omar; Menteri Pendi dikan berkata, Perjanjian Perkongsian tempoh 2012 hingga 2014,” Tinggi, Datuk Seri Idris Jusoh; Menteri Trans-Pasifik (TPPA) memberi katanya. POWERING Perdagangan Antarabangsa dan peluang kepada Malaysia Najib memberitahu, Industri, Dato’ Sri Mustapa Mohamed; bagi menilai kedudukannya keanjalan sektor PKS dalam Menteri Kemajuan Luar Bandar dan dalam pasaran, kekuatan serta menyesuaikan operasi mereka Wilayah, Datuk Seri Ismail Sabri kemampuan untuk bersaing. mengikut perubahan masa Growth” Yaakob dan Menteri Pertanian dan “TPPA dijangka dilaksanakan adalah satu perkara yang boleh Industri Asas Tani, Datuk Seri Ahmad dua tahun lagi dan perjanjian itu bakal dibanggakan. Shabery Cheek. membawa banyak manfaat serta Perdana Menteri seterusnya Tidak ketinggalan Menteri cabaran,” jelasnya. me lancarkan aplikasi rasmi SME Perdagangan Dalam Negeri, Koperasi Perdana Menteri turut Corporation Malaysia (SME Corp) dan Kepenggunaan, Datuk Hamzah berbangga dengan pertumbuhan selepas mesyuarat berkenaan. Zainudin; Menteri Pelancongan dan memberangsangkan sektor PKS Aplikasi yang boleh Kebudayaan, Datuk Seri Mohamed walaupun berdepan dengan dimuat turun melalui Google Play Nazri Abdul Aziz; Menteri Sumber kenaikan kos akibat pengurangan dan AppStore itu mengandungi Manusia, Datuk Seri Riehard Riot subsidi, pelaksanaan dasar gaji maklumat tentang program serta Jaem; Ketua Setiausaha Negara, minimum serta cukai barang dan skim bantuan kewangan yang Tan Sri Dr. Ali Hamsa; Gabenor Bank perkhidmatan (GST). disediakan kerajaan untuk PKS. Sumber: Utusan Malaysia, 1 Dis. 2015 MITI Weekly Bulletin / www.miti.gov.my MALAYSIA RM billion Trade in Services, Q 1 2013 - Q3 2015 50 40 30 20 10 32.1 32.8 31.7 35.1 33.1 36.1 35.8 38.3 35.1 35.6 34.3 35.8 33.6 37.1 34.3 39.9 33.3 37.0 32.9 37.4 34.1 40.0 0 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 “ DRIVING 2013 2014 2015 Exports Imports Transformation, Transformation, Trade in Services, Q3 2015 POWERING Notes: % refer to y-o-y growth Imports Exports Transport Insurance and pension services Growth” Travel Construction Telecommunications, Others* RM17.1bil RM4.1bil computer and information 4.6% 5.5% services Others include Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e., Personal, cultural RM2.8bil and recreational services , Financial services, Maintenance and repair services 31.8% n.i.e., Government goods and services n.i.e., Manufacturing services on physical inputs owned by others and Other business services RM2.1bil 5.5% RM10.7bil RM7.0bil 0.1% 3.0% RM10.5bil RM1.1bil 1.5% 53.9% RM3.2bil 32.2% Manufacturing services RM2.5bil Travel on physical inputs owned 8.6% by others Transport Construction RM2.4bil RM10.8bil 96.8% 9.2% Telecommunications, Others* computer and information services Others include Charges for the use of intellectual property n.i.e. , Personal, cultural and recreational services , Financial services, Maintenance and repair services n.i.e., Government goods and services n.i.e., Insurance and pension services and Other business services Source : Department of Statistics, Malaysia MITI Weekly Bulletin / www.miti.gov.my Consumer Price Index (CPI) , Jan 2014 - Oct 2015 Index 115 114.1 113.9 113.9 114 113.6 113.0 113 112.3 111.9 111.9 112 111.8 111.3 110.9 111 110.7 110.5 110.6 110.2 110.3 109.9 109.9 110.0 109.9 110 109.8 109.5 109 108 107 106 “ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct DRIVING 2014 2015 Transformation, Transformation, CPI by State, Ocotober 2015 Johor Selangor &WP Putrajaya P. Pinang N. Sembilan POWERING 116.5 115.2 114.9 114.6 3.4% 3.0% 2.7% 2.9% Growth” Kelantan WP K.Lumpur Kedah & Perlis Malaysia 114.5 113.8 113.6 114.1, 2.5% 1.8% 3.3% 2.3% The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the percentage change through time in the cost of purchasing a constant “basket” of goods and services representing Melaka Pahang Terengganu the average pattern of purchases 113.6 113.6 112.5 made by a particular population 2.3% 2.2% group in a specified time period. 1.8% The “basket” is of an unchanging or equivalent quantity and quality of goods and services, consisting of items for which there are continually measurable market prices over time. Changes in the costs of items in the Perak Sarawak Sabah & WP Labuan basket are therefore due only to 112.1 112.1 110.9 “pure” price movements, i.e. price 2.0% 1.9% 1.2% movements that are not associated with changes in the quality and / or quantity of the set of consumer goods and services in the basket. Notes: % refer to y-o-y growth Source : Department of Statistics, Malaysia MITI Weekly Bulletin / www.miti.gov.my MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE PATTERN 2004, 2009 & 2014 RM1,953 RM2,190 RM3,578 2004 2009 2014 393 20.1 444 20.3 676 18.9 35 1.8 48 2.2 “ 83 2.3 DRIVING 59 3.0 75 3.4 “ 124 3.5 DRIVING 430 22.0 495 22.6 Transformation, 853 23.9 83 4.3 89 4.1 Transformation, 137 3.8 27 1.4 29 1.3 59 1.6 314 16.8 POWERING 327 14.9 523 14.6 103 5.3 POWERING 124 5.6 189 5.3 92 4.7 Growth” 101 4.6 174 4.9 38 2.0 Growth” 31 1.4 41 1.1 213 10.9 239 10.9 454 12.7 167 8.5 190 8.7 RM 266 7.4 percent 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 0.0 10 20 30 2004 2009 2014 Note: Household consumption is the value of consumer goods and services acquired, used or paid for by a household through direct monetary purchase, own-account production, barter or as income in kind for the satisfaction of the needs and wants of its members. Source : Department of Statistics, Malaysia MITI Weekly Bulletin / www.miti.gov.my MONTHLY HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE 2014 “ DRIVING Transformation, Transformation, POWERING Growth” Note: Mean - the level of average income/expenditures during a period of time. Median - the level of income at the middle of an array/distribution wherein economic units, e.g. families are arranged from increasing/decreasing order according to the size of their income. Source : Department of Statistics, Malaysia MITI Weekly Bulletin / www.miti.gov.my ‘ and You’ ASEAN Index of Economic Freedom, 2015 (Fiscal Freedom Component) • Fiscal freedom is a measure of the tax burden imposed by government. It includes direct taxes, in terms of the top marginal tax rates on individual and corporate incomes, and overall taxes, including all forms of direct and indirect taxation at all levels of government, as a percentage of GDP. Thus, the fiscal freedom component is composed of three quantitative factors: • The top marginal tax rate on individual income, • The top marginal tax rate on corporate income, and • The total tax burden as a percentage of GDP. Scores between 0-100 Free (80-100) Mostly Free (70.0-79.9) Moderately Free (60.0-69.9) Mostly Unfree (50.0-59.9) Repressed (0-49.9) 1 6 91.2 84.4 Singapore Malaysia “ DRIVING 2 7 Cambodia 90.5 Indonesia 83.3 Transformation, 3 8 POWERING Brunei 87.0 81.5 Thailand Growth” 4 86.9 9 Myanmar 79.1 Philippines 5 10 86.2 Laos Viet Nam 79.1 Source: http://www.heritage.org/index/monetary-freedom MITI’s ASEAN Portal can be accessed via http://aec2015.miti.gov.my/ MITI Weekly Bulletin / www.miti.gov.my International Report U.S. Economic Indicators, January – October 2015 % Inflation Rate Index Consumer Price Index 0.25 0.2 240 0.15 238 0.1 238.7 236 238.6 0.05 238.3 0.17 237.9 237.8 0 237.8 234 236.6 -0.05 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 236.1 -0.1 232 234.7 -0.15 -0.09 233.7 230 -0.2 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct -0.25 % Unemployment Rate 6 5.7 “ DRIVING 5.5 5.0 5 Transformation, 4.5 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct POWERING Malaysia’s Trade with USA Jan 2014 - Sept 2015 RM Mil.
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    Lau Zheng Zhou is Research Manager of the Economics and Business Unit at IDEAS. His research interest is in the intersection between markets and institutions, such as government-linked companies (GLCs) and corporate welfarism, and also global value chains, China’s Belt and Road Initiative, and financial sector development. Lau obtained a First-Class Honours in Business Economics from the University of Nottingham and a Master’s degree in Political Science and Political Economy from the London School of Economics. Nur Zulaikha Azmi is a Research Executive in the Economics and Business Unit at IDEAS. She is a JPA scholar and obtained a First-Class Honours in Economics and International Economics from the University of Nottingham Malaysia. Her interests include developmental economics and public economics. * We would like to take this opportunity to thank the following individuals for the effort and expertise that they contribute to reviewing this report. Prof. Terence Gomez, Prof. James Chin, Lee Hwok-Aun, and Tricia Yeoh. We would also like to thank our intern Tay Yi Thong for providing much needed support in data collection ** Cover image download from www.freepik.com, www.parlimen.gov.my, www.mara.gov.my and www.benarnews.org 2 Making sense of complexity in statutory body governance: A case study of MARA Policy Brief NO. 22 Photo by Nour Betar on Unsplash Introduction The recent surge in politicians appointed to head government-linked entities has attracted broad criticism. These appointments are widely seen as political maneuverings by Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin to solidify his command of support of Dewan Rakyat members, thus ensuring the survival of the Perikatan Nasional (PN) government which he currently heads.