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Survey Report on Town Tura, Part-XB, Series-14, Meghalaya

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Survey Report on Town Tura, Part-XB, Series-14, Meghalaya CENSUS OF INDIA 1981 Part-XB SERIES-14 MEGHALAYA SURVEY REPORT ON TOWN TURA Dra!t.4 b, SHRI K. S. LYNGDOH AsaWa,,' DIrector C~'fJSU1 Opgallo1tl M.ghola,a Edlt.d by SHRID.P.KHOBRAGADE Dtpllty DI'«:Ior C.""" OpgQtfollS Mfgbaiay« PREFACE As an ancillary to the 1981 Census, the intensive urban study of Tura Town was taken up. The main aim of the study was to bring out the intensity and effect of the socio-economic forces generated by urbanisation and also the impact of urbanisation on the rural neighbourhood. The selection of the town for speci~ study was done in accordance with certain principles and criteria laid down by the Registrar General, India such as size, demographic features, location, functional characteristics, concentration of ethnic or religiou. group, caste or community etc. The study of the town has been conducted on 20 per cent sample basis. The report is based on the results derived from the field survey through the schedules canvassed in the town. The data derived from the schedules are also supplemented by the census data and the results of the discussions with Government and non-Government institutions and interviews with knowledge­ able persons of different walks of life. The prescribed schedules canvassed during the survey was Town Schedule, Household Schedule, Village Schedule, Institution Schedule, Commercial and Industrial Establishment Schedule, Neighbourhood and Community Life Schedule, Bank Schedule and Schedule. for Temple, Church, Mosque and oaer places of worship. The field survey was conducted by S/Shri C. D. Sangma, S. A. and S. Biswas, Computer under the supervision and guidance of Shri L. R. Marak, Ex-Investigator in June, 1985. The compilation and generation of tables from the Schedules was done by the staff of this Directorate whose names are given separately under the supervision of Shri F. Lyngdoh, S. A. The maps and diagrams were prepared by the Map Section of this Directorate. The photo­ graphs presented in the report were taken by Shri E. Momin, Computer. My thanks are due to all of them. I am particularly thankful to Shri K. S. Lyongdoh, Assistant Director of Census Operations, who took great pains in drafting the report. The manuscript was typed out by Smt. L. Lyngdoh. Sr. Stenographer. The report and tables were scrutinised in the Social Studies Division of the Office of the Registrar General, India. I am grateful to Shri K. P. Ittaman, Dy. Registrar General and Shri M. K. Jain, Sr. Research Officer, Social Studies Division who offered us their valuable suggestions and comments in improving the quality of the report. We place on record our deep sense of gratitude to Shri V. S. Verma, Registrar General, India under whose able guidance, constant encouragement and wise leadership this report could be completed on schedule. I would also like to thank the residents of Tura Town, the Garo studentl Union and the officials of different departments and institutions wllo extended - their full cooperation to us during the course of the field work.. SHILLONG S4/- October# 10, 1988, (D. P. KHOBRAGADE) Deputy Director oj Ce1l3lU Operatio1l3, JI~.hQJQy" (ill) AG:K.NOWLBDOBMBNT 1. Shri H. A Syiem. Inyestiptol' 2. Shri F. Lyngdoh. Statistical Alsistant 3. Shti L. R. Lyngdob. Statiatical AuistaDt 4. Shri. B. Marbaniang. Statistical Assistant S. SJni S. K. Kar. Cartographer 6. Sbri A. K. DaB, ArtiJt 7. Shri W. S. Roy, Artiat 8. Shri 'I"hantliDga. Draughtsman. 9. Shri K. RyntatJdang. Draugbtaman 10. Sbri P. Ram. Cbmpua. 11. Sbri e. Lanon& Compotor. 12. Sbri E. Momm. Computor. 13. Shri S. Biswas. Computor. 14- Sm.t. H. San8JIl1!l, Computor. 15. Slnt. L. L. LyD$doh. Sr. Stenop.~et. ("f) CON TINTS PAOlI Foreword • (l) Preface (Iii) Acknowledgement (iv) Chapter I -Introduction 1 Chapter II -History of growth of the town .. Chapter ill -Amenities and services-History of growtll and tho present position t Chapter IV -Economic life of the town U Chapter V -Ethnic and selected socio demographic characteristics of the population 32 Chapter VI -Migration and settlement of families 45 Chapter VII -Neighbourhood Pattern 54 Chapter Vill-Pamily life in the town . dO Chapter IX -Housing and material culture '9 Chapter X -Slums, blighted and other areas with sub-standard living ,onditiolUl • 12 Chapter XI -Organisation of Power and Prestige n Chapter m -Leisure and recreation social awareness, religion and grime 18 Chapter XIII-Linkages and continue sa Chapter XIV-Conclusion . • 89 (vii) Maps Pages 1. Map of Meghalaya showing the position of Tura town xiii 2. Ma.p of West Garo Hills district shQwing the location of Tura town xiv 3. Town map showing urban land use pattern xv Charts aDd Digrams 1. Growth of population 1961-81. 6 2. Sex Ratio 1961-81 . 7 3. Literates and illiterates, 1981 8 4. Workers and non-workers, 1981 16 S. Classification of male and female workers 1981. 17 6. population by major religions, 1981 . 33 7. Population by social composition, 1981 35 8. Age and sex structure, 1985 39 List of Photographs 1. A distant view of the town 143 2. Tura Peak overlooking the town • 143 3. Tura Bazar . 144 4. A multi-storied building 144 S. The Office of the Deputy Commissioner • 145 6. District Council's Members' Hostel . 145 7. The OffiCe of the District Council 146 8. Turo Municipal Board Office • 146 9. Affect orline buses. 147 10. Govetnment Girls' High school 147 11. Government College 148 12. T .B. Hospital 148 13. Leprosy Colony 149 14. The Cinema Hall . 149 IS. The Public Park . 150 16. Second World War Memorial. 150 17. The District Library 151 18. The Baptist Church 151 19. The Roman Catholic Church . 152 10. Tho Hindu Temple 152 List of Household Tables lAGI 1. Distribution of households and population by locality, religion and sex of the head of the household. 91 2. Distribution of households and population by locality, caste, tribe or community and_sex 93 3. Distribution of households by locality and place of birth of head of Household . 99 4. Distribution of households by number of members and age of head of household we S. Distribution of households by number of members, migration status and place of birth of head of household 100 6. Distribution of households by number of members, migration status and last residence of head of household • 10 1 7. Distribution of householas by number of members migration status of head of households and dura- tion of stay of any member of the household who has stayed the longest in the referrent town. 10 1 8. Distribution of households by migration status and place of birth of head of household and composition by sex and age, status of members (Minor upto 14, Adult-I5 and above) 102 '9 Place of last residence of members of Household as related to place of birth . 103 10. Mother tongue and SUbsidiary language of members of household as related to duration of stay in the present residence . 104 11. Age, sex and study in educational institution by Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe and others 106 12. Distribution of Scheduled Caste/Tribe Population by age sex, and educational level • 109 13. Distribution of population by broad age-group, sex, caste/tribe/community and educational level. 111 14. Distribution of localities by average educational score per head 116 15. Distribution of population by workers and non-workers by age, sex and locality • 117 16. Distribution of workers and non-workers by sex, caste or tribe or community and broad age-group • 124 17. Distribution of workers and non-workers by migration status with reference to place of last residence, broad age group, sex 126 18. Employment status of workers by locality and sex 128 19. Employment status of workers by migration with reference to place of last residence • 130 20. Age at marriage as related to caste/tribe/community 131 21. Households classified by number of married couples without other members aged 5 and above, with others members aged 5 and above and number of rooms occupied by them 132 22. Households classified by locality and per capita space . 133 23. Availability of amenities by locality 135 24. Presence of luxury and costly goods by locality 131 25. Physical, psychological and other after effects of family Planning measures as related to religion caste/tribe age and education (Female) • . • • . • •• 140 26. Physical, psychological and other after effects of family planning measures as related to religion, caste/tribe, age and EdUcation (Male) • • . • • • • • •. 142 (xi) (xUi) .• it@@o . t: . z ~ .. .. -:;. ! fJf "~ I I , I I ! :t I ;;: ~ z~ ~ ~ ,; 1 c 1\ '2 « ~ c ~"'.15 ~ cJ w ~ .. " c. i ~ ...i i ... ~ ,. E (xiv) ----- .. --_,-.===-----~ !. I.J" 0 .,~ " u 0 ... II:... " t 1 } II( " ... '.. ~ . ...~tl f ~~ I/) l> ~ ~ tl ! • ~ :I:- Oi ex: « < .. >-C), «I- s ~V). ~~. "'-I / :!:I- S Q) U. 5 z--+- a::i ~ l­ r I/) \ (xv) I ...s Z c ., .. z ~ oM .. .. ... w ... I: II Q! .. ... Ill: ... III ! <l ... a: .. « o V <f II "" ..c w ... <t " IX'" w .,. 2: c <C tr V of; > ::) w 0{ -' , 0 ;( ,;: _J 0 - a: .. .... a: <l z _,j uJ Z z i ! ... -' w Z .. Z .. 0 ~ IX « 0 ..J .. ... 0 ;:. t- .... ;:. ...c 0 of' ~" '" -' '" ,_ ~ z oJ UJ w I- W .. l- t- ... ~ « .... '" W ..J Z z oro _,j o Z e :> v a: :;, j V w on c i.u ::> aJ :l V or. .., C :I '";;;J :l 0 uJ w 0 II II> .:2 al ~ n. 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