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Interventions of Traditional Korean Medicine for Chronic Pelvic Pain: a Literature Review of Case Studies

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Interventions of Traditional Korean Medicine for Chronic Pelvic Pain: a Literature Review of Case Studies Sung S-H, et al., J Altern Complement Integr Med 2020, 6: 090 DOI: 10.24966/ACIM-7562/100090 HSOA Journal of Alternative, Complementary & Integrative Medicine Research Article (54.5%) and PC6 (54.5%), were frequently used acupuncture point Interventions of Traditional in acupuncture treatment. Conclusion: TKM treatment such as acupuncture, moxibustion, Korean Medicine for Chronic herbal medicine seems to be an effective treatment in patients with CPP. High-quality RCT is needed in order to make decisions on Pelvic Pain: A Literature whether TM treatments should be used for treating CPP. Keywords: Case studies; Chronic Pelvic Pain; Literature Review; Review of Case Studies Traditional Korean Medicine Soo-Hyun Sung1, Angela-Dong-Min Sung1, Ji-Hye Yeon2, Jang- Kyung Park3, Won-Choon Jung4, Tae-Young Jung5 and Jong- Introduction Hyun Park4* Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP) refers to a condition in which local 1Deptment of Traditional Korean Medicine Policy, National Development Insti- bodily pain, of which the cause cannot be identified, non-periodically tute for Korean Medicine, Korea continues at the pelvis, frontal abdominal wall, lumbar, hip for more than six months [1,2]. CPP can be caused by infection, inflammation, 2Sonamoo Traditional Korean Medicine Clinic, Korea neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, myoma uteri, endometriosis, prostati- 3Deptment of Korean OB & GY, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National tis, or unknown causes [3]. University, Korea Ahangari conducted a systematic literature review on the preva- 4Deptment of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Dae-Gu Haany Univer- sity, Korea lence of CPP among women [4]. With seven articles out of the 140 articles published on CPP from 2005 till 2012, it was reported that the 5Deptment of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Dae-Gu Haany Univer- prevalence of CPP among women was between 6% and 27%. Roberts sity, Korea reported in his cohort study on 2,115 American men between 40 and 79 that about 9% of the patients were diagnosed with prostatitis/CCP by a doctor [5]. Abstract In the textbooks of Oriental medicines, CPP falls into the category of dysmenorrhea (經水行後作痛), pain due to qi stagnation for a long Objectives: The aim of this study is to review case studies on in- time(氣滯卽 將行而痛), Pain before and after mestruation (經來後 terventions of Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) for Chronic Pelvic 作痛 少腹痛 Pain (CPP). ) and lower abdominal pain ( ) and is closely related to the factors of internal medicine, OBGY, urology, musculoskeletal system Methods: We searched eleven electronic databases for relevant and psychiatric/neural factors [6-8]. Six evils (六淫), seven passions ( studies up to Apr 2018. Case studies of Case studies of TKM treat- 七情), foods (飮食), the tirednesss (勞倦), injuries (外傷), insect bite ments for CPP were included and analyzed. (蟲獸傷) or the insufficiency in essence (精), qi (氣), or blood (血) Results: 12 case studies were included and total number of patients may result in the pain by disturbing the flow of energy and blood (氣 of the experimental group was 91 cases. A total of 9 intervention 血) in organs or the Gyeongrak of the body [9]. The treatment is op- methods were used, of which acupuncture was of the highest num- timized according to the symptoms of the patients. The key treatment ber, used in 11 studies (91.7%), followed by herb medicine in 10 stud- elements are composed of acupuncture, moxibustion, or Traditional ies (83.3%), moxibustion in 8 studies (66.7%), pharmacopuncture in Medicine (TM), considering the medical history, mental elements and 3 studies (25.0%) and steam therapy in 2 (16.7%). SP6 (90.9%), LI4 living environment of the patient [2]. *Corresponding author: Jong-Hyun Park, Deptment of Diagnostics, College Western medicine treats this disease with paracetamol, NSAIDs, of Korean Medicine, Dae-Gu Haany University, #1, Hannydaero, Gyeongsan, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, gabapentin, or nerve blocks [3]. In Gyeongsangbuk-do, 712-715, Korea, Tel: +82 538191827; Fax: +82 538191850; the case of paracetamol, while the medicine is effective in the alle- E-mail : [email protected] viation of fever or pain, if the medicine hits the spot, there is no evi- Citation: Sung S-H, Sung A-D-M, Yeon J-H, Park J-K, Jung W-C (2020) Inter- dence to support the use of this medicine on CPP [3]. As for NSAIDs, ventions of Traditional Korean Medicine for Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Literature they are effective when the disease is related to pain, inflammation or Review of Case Studies. J Altern Complement Integr Med 6: 090. peripheral nervous system and therefore used to treat ordinary CPP. Received: February 13, 2020; Accepted: February 24, 2020; Published: Febru- However, these medicines are known for severe side effects [3]. An- ary 28, 2020 tidepressants, anticonvulsants, or gabapentin are effective in neuro- Copyright: © 2020 Sung S-H, et al. This is an open-access article distributed pathic pain. However, there is no effect on CPP with other causes [3]. under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits un- Nerve blocks are effective in treating CPP. However, the diagnosis restricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original and treatment using this method must be given by a trained expert, author and source are credited. and there is a chance of side effects, as well [3]. Citation: Sung S-H, Sung A-D-M, Yeon J-H, Park J-K, Jung W-C (2020) Interventions of Traditional Korean Medicine for Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Literature Review of Case Studies. J Altern Complement Integr Med 6: 090. • Page 2 of 8 • Sung conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review on the ef- Also, there were no limitations with regard to the intervention meth- fect of acupuncture treatment on female CPP patients [10]. Carinci ods used on the control groups in controlled studies or randomized conducted a systematic literature review on the effect of alternative and controlled studies. treatments, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, mind/body med- Exclusion criteria icine and massage therapy [11]. However, there has not been a study that summarized the overall trends in the treatment of CPP, covering Reviews, experimental studies, surveys, or other studies that were Traditional Korean Treatment (TKM) (e.g., acupuncture, electroacu- not clinical trials were not included in our analyses. Clinical studies puncture, pharmacopuncture, moxibustion, herb medicine, cupping, that were not conducted upon the patients of CPP were also excluded. chuna and qigong). Also, studies based on western medicine, surgeries or clinical studies that were not case studies were also excluded. Therefore, the researchers gathered and analyzed the case studies on the TKM treatment of CPP. The purpose of this study is to provide Study selection and data extraction a guideline for the TM of CPP that could be utilized in clinical con- texts. The researchers check the titles and abstracts of the studies in the search results to identify the studies that satisfied the inclusion cri- Method teria. The analyses were conducted after extracting the information such as the author, year, diagnosis name, number of patients, treat- Data sources and searches ment period, treatment, traditional Korean medicine pattern, out- As for the English databases, the researchers searched Pubmed, come, and results. Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Results Trials (CENTRAL) and CINAHL Plus, totaling to five websites. As for the Korean databases, the researchers searched the Korea Institute Study selection and description of Science and Technology Information (KISTI), Korean Traditional Our search generated a total of 82 potentially relevant studies, fi- Knowledge Portal, KoreaMed, Oriental Medicine Advanced Search- nally, 12 case studies (English databases: n = 1; Korean databases: ing Integrated System (OASIS), Research Information Service Sys- n=11) met our inclusion criteria (Figure 1). tem (RISS) and National Library of Korea, totaling to six websites. The searches were all conducted in April 2018 and there were no lim- itations in the periods and languages. The search keyword was “chronic pelvic pain OR chronic pely- calgia OR chronic pain of pelvic OR chronic pelvic ache” AND “acu- puncture OR electroacupuncture OR pharmacopuncture OR moxi- bustion OR herb medicine OR herb OR cupping OR Korean medicine OR oriental medicine OR chuna OR qigong” AND “clinical Studies OR case studies OR case series OR case report OR case controlled trial OR randomized controlled trial OR cohort studies (Table 1)”. keyword chronic pelvic pain OR chronic pelycalgia OR chronic pain of pelvic OR #1. chronic pelvic ache acupuncture OR electroacupuncture OR pharmacopuncture OR moxibus- #2. tion OR herb medicine OR herb OR cupping OR korean medicine OR oriental medicine OR chuna OR qigong #3. case studies OR case series OR case report #4. #1 AND #2 AND #3 Table 1: Search Strategy for Databates. Figure 1: Flowchart of Study Selection Process. CPP: Chronic Pelvic Pain; RCTs: Randomized Clinical Trials, TKM: Traditional Korean Medicine. Inclusion criteria In this study, the studies on TKM treatment (e.g., acupuncture, 12 case studies on CPP can be summarized in terms of their au- electroacupuncture, herb medicine, pharmacopuncture, cupping, thors, year, diagnosis name, the number of patients, treatment period, moxibustion and chuna etc.) upon patients of CPP were included. treatment, traditional Korean medicine pattern, outcomes and results There were no limitations in the genders or ages of the patients. as shown in table 2 (A & B). First Patient(s), Intervention Traditional Kore- Outcome Treatment author, number of cases an (Chinese) measure- Main Result period Year Acupuncture Herbal medicine moxibustion Etc. medicine pattern ments Volume 6 • Issue 1 • 100090 J Altern Complement Integr Med ISSN: 2470-7562, Open Access Journal DOI: 10.24966/ACIM-7562/100090 Citation: Sung S-H, Sung A-D-M, Yeon J-H, Park J-K, Jung W-C (2020) Interventions of Traditional Korean Medicine for Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Literature Review of Case Studies.
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