Islamic Architecture
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The Sasanian Tradition in ʽabbāsid Art: Squinch Fragmentation As The
The Sasanian Tradition in ʽAbbāsid Art: squinch fragmentation as The structural origin of the muqarnas La tradición sasánida en el arte ʿabbāssí: la fragmentación de la trompa de esquina como origen estructural de la decoración de muqarnas A tradição sassânida na arte abássida: a fragmentação do arco de canto como origem estrutural da decoração das Muqarnas Alicia CARRILLO1 Abstract: Islamic architecture presents a three-dimensional decoration system known as muqarnas. An original system created in the Near East between the second/eighth and the fourth/tenth centuries due to the fragmentation of the squinche, but it was in the fourth/eleventh century when it turned into a basic element, not only all along the Islamic territory but also in the Islamic vocabulary. However, the origin and shape of muqarnas has not been thoroughly considered by Historiography. This research tries to prove the importance of Sasanian Art in the aesthetics creation of muqarnas. Keywords: Islamic architecture – Tripartite squinches – Muqarnas –Sasanian – Middle Ages – ʽAbbāsid Caliphate. Resumen: La arquitectura islámica presenta un mecanismo de decoración tridimensional conocido como decoración de muqarnas. Un sistema novedoso creado en el Próximo Oriente entre los siglos II/VIII y IV/X a partir de la fragmentación de la trompa de esquina, y que en el siglo XI se extendió por toda la geografía del Islam para formar parte del vocabulario del arte islámico. A pesar de su importancia y amplio desarrollo, la historiografía no se ha detenido especialmente en el origen formal de la decoración de muqarnas y por ello, este estudio pone de manifiesto la influencia del arte sasánida en su concepción estética durante el Califato ʿabbāssí. -
Investigating the Patterns of Islamic Architecture in Architecture Design of Third Millennium Mosques
European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences 2014; www.european-science.com Vol.3, No.4 Special Issue on Architecture, Urbanism, and Civil Engineering ISSN 1805-3602 Investigating the Patterns of Islamic Architecture in Architecture Design of Third Millennium Mosques Parvin Farazmand1*, Hassan Satari Sarbangholi2 1Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran; 2Architecture Group of Azad-e-Eslami University, Tabriz Branch *Email: [email protected] Abstract Islamic architecture, which is based on the Islamic school, has been shaped by the total awareness of architects’ of techniques of architecture and adherence to the principles of geometry and inspired by religious beliefs. Principles of geometry and religious beliefs caused certain patterns to take shape in Islamic architecture that were used in designing buildings including mosques. With the advancements in technology, architecture entered a new stage considering the form of construction and the buildings. Islamic architecture and mosque, which is the primary symbol of Islamic architecture, are not different and consequently went through changes in forms and patterns. In this paper, the purpose is to express the place of patterns of Islamic Architecture in the mosques of the third millennium. The method used is descriptive-analytic and the mosques of the third millennium are the statistical population and ten of them are the statistical sample. The tools used are the library studies and the data has been analyzed using chars obtained from Excel. The result indicated that in the architecture of the mosques of the third millennium, the patterns of Islamic architecture have been fixed and proposed, and yet do create different designs that would be novel. -
Architecture and Urbanism in the Middle East
Viewpoints Special Edition Architecture and Urbanism in the Middle East The Middle East Institute Middle East Institute The mission of the Middle East Institute is to promote knowledge of the Middle East in Amer- ica and strengthen understanding of the United States by the people and governments of the region. For more than 60 years, MEI has dealt with the momentous events in the Middle East — from the birth of the state of Israel to the invasion of Iraq. Today, MEI is a foremost authority on contemporary Middle East issues. It pro- vides a vital forum for honest and open debate that attracts politicians, scholars, government officials, and policy experts from the US, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. MEI enjoys wide access to political and business leaders in countries throughout the region. Along with information exchanges, facilities for research, objective analysis, and thoughtful commentary, MEI’s programs and publications help counter simplistic notions about the Middle East and America. We are at the forefront of private sector public diplomacy. Viewpoints is another MEI service to audiences interested in learning more about the complexities of issues affecting the Middle East and US relations with the region. To learn more about the Middle East Institute, visit our website at http://www.mideasti.org Cover photos, clockwise from the top left hand corner: Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (Imre Solt; © GFDL); Tripoli, Libya (Patrick André Perron © GFDL); Burj al Arab Hotel in Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Al Faisaliyah Tower in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Doha, Qatar skyline (Abdulrahman photo); Selimiye Mosque, Edirne, Turkey (Murdjo photo); Registan, Samarkand, Uzbekistan (Steve Evans photo). -
Celebrating Thirty Years of Muqarnas
Muqarnas An Annual on the Visual Cultures of the Islamic World Celebrating Thirty Years of Muqarnas Editor Gülru Necipoğlu Managing Editor Karen A. Leal volume 30 Sponsored by The Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts LEIDEN • BOSTON 2013 © 2013 Koninklijke Brill NV ISBN 978 90 04 25576 0 CONTENTS Gülru Necİpoğlu, Reflections on Thirty Years of Muqarnas . 1 Benedict Cuddon, A Field Pioneered by Amateurs: The Collecting and Display of Islamic Art in Early Twentieth-Century Boston . 13 Silvia Armando, Ugo Monneret de Villard (1881–1954) and the Establishment of Islamic Art Studies in Italy . 35 Ayşİn Yoltar-Yildirim, Raqqa: The Forgotten Excavation of an Islamic Site in Syria by the Ottoman Imperial Museum in t he Early Twentieth Century . 73 D. Fairchild Ruggles, At the Margins of Architectural and Landscape History: The Rajputs of South Asia . 95 Jennifer Pruitt, Method in Madness: Recontextualizing the Destruction of Churches in the Fatimid Era . 119 Peter Christensen, “As if she were Jerusalem”: Placemaking in Sephardic Salonica . 141 David J. Roxburgh, In Pursuit of Shadows: Al-Hariri’s Maqāmāt . 171 Abolala Soudavar, The Patronage of the Vizier Mirza Salman . 213 Lâle Uluç, An Iskandarnāma of Nizami Produced for Ibrahim Sultan . 235 NOTES AND SOURCES Serpİl Bağci, Presenting Vaṣṣāl Kalender’s Works: The Prefaces of Three Ottoman Albums . 255 Gülru Necİpoğlu, “Virtual Archaeology” in Light of a New Document on the Topkapı Palace’s Waterworks and Earliest Buildings, circa 1509 . 315 Ebba Koch, The Wooden Audience Halls of Shah Jahan: Sources and Reconstruction . -
Moorish Architectural Syntax and the Reference to Nature: a Case Study of Algiers
Eco-Architecture V 541 Moorish architectural syntax and the reference to nature: a case study of Algiers L. Chebaiki-Adli & N. Chabbi-Chemrouk Laboratoire architecture et environnement LAE, Ecole polytechnique d’architecture et d’urbanisme, Algeria Abstract The analogy to nature in architectural conception refers to anatomy and logical structures, and helps to ease and facilitate knowledge related to buildings. Indeed, several centuries ago, since Eugène Violet-le-Duc and its relationship to the botanic, to Phillip Steadman and its biological analogy, many studies have already facilitated the understanding and apprehension of many complex systems, about buildings in the world. Besides these morphological and structural aspects, environmental preoccupations are now imposing themselves as new norms and values and reintroducing the quest for traditional and vernacular know-how as an alternative to liveable and sustainable settlements. In Algiers, the exploration of traditional buildings, and Moorish architecture, which date from the 16th century, interested many researchers who tried to elucidate their social and spatial laws of coherence. An excellent equilibrium was in effect, set up, by a subtle union between local culture and environmental adaptability. It is in continuation of André Ravéreau’s architectonics’ studies that this paper will make an analytical study of a specific landscape, that of a ‘Fahs’, a traditional palatine residence situated at the extra-mural of the medieval historical town. This ‘Fahs’ constitutes an excellent example of equilibrated composition between architecture and nature. The objective of this study being the identification of the subtle conjugation between space syntax and many elements of nature, such as air, water and green spaces/gardens. -
A Design Research Journal of the Moorish Influence of Art and Design in Andalusia Written and Designed by Breanna Vick
FOLD UN - A design research journal of the Moorish influence of art and design in Andalusia written and designed by Breanna Vick. This project is developed as a narrative report describing personal interactions with design in southern Spain while integrating formal academic research and its analysis. Migration of Moorish Design and Its Cultural Influences in Andalusia Migration of Moorish Design and Its Cultural Influences in Andalusia UROP Project - Breanna Vick Cover and internal design by Breanna Vick. Internal photos by Breanna Vick or Creative Commons photo libraries. All rights reserved, No part of this book may be reproduced in any form except in case of citation or with permission in written form from author. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Author Bio Breanna Vick is a Graphic Designer based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She is interested in developing a deeper understanding of different methods of design research. On a site visit to Morocco and Spain in May through June of 2017, Breanna tested her knowledge of design research by observing Moorish design integrated in Andalusia. By developing a research paper, establishing sketchbooks, collecting photographs, and keeping journal entries, she was able to write, design and construct this narrative book. With Breanna’s skill-set in creating in-depth research, she has a deep understanding of the topics that she studies. With this knowledge, she is able to integrate new design aesthetics into her own work. Project Objective My undergraduate research project objective is to advance my understanding of how Moorish design appears in cities located throughout the southern territory of Spain. -
Decagonal and Quasi-Crystalline Tilings in Medieval Islamic Architecture
REPORTS 21. Materials and methods are available as supporting 27. N. Panagia et al., Astrophys. J. 459, L17 (1996). Supporting Online Material material on Science Online. 28. The authors would like to thank L. Nelson for providing www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/315/5815/1103/DC1 22. A. Heger, N. Langer, Astron. Astrophys. 334, 210 (1998). access to the Bishop/Sherbrooke Beowulf cluster (Elix3) Materials and Methods 23. A. P. Crotts, S. R. Heathcote, Nature 350, 683 (1991). which was used to perform the interacting winds SOM Text 24. J. Xu, A. Crotts, W. Kunkel, Astrophys. J. 451, 806 (1995). calculations. The binary merger calculations were Tables S1 and S2 25. B. Sugerman, A. Crotts, W. Kunkel, S. Heathcote, performed on the UK Astrophysical Fluids Facility. References S. Lawrence, Astrophys. J. 627, 888 (2005). T.M. acknowledges support from the Research Training Movies S1 and S2 26. N. Soker, Astrophys. J., in press; preprint available online Network “Gamma-Ray Bursts: An Enigma and a Tool” 16 October 2006; accepted 15 January 2007 (http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/astro-ph/0610655) during part of this work. 10.1126/science.1136351 be drawn using the direct strapwork method Decagonal and Quasi-Crystalline (Fig. 1, A to D). However, an alternative geometric construction can generate the same pattern (Fig. 1E, right). At the intersections Tilings in Medieval Islamic Architecture between all pairs of line segments not within a 10/3 star, bisecting the larger 108° angle yields 1 2 Peter J. Lu * and Paul J. Steinhardt line segments (dotted red in the figure) that, when extended until they intersect, form three distinct The conventional view holds that girih (geometric star-and-polygon, or strapwork) patterns in polygons: the decagon decorated with a 10/3 star medieval Islamic architecture were conceived by their designers as a network of zigzagging lines, line pattern, an elongated hexagon decorated where the lines were drafted directly with a straightedge and a compass. -
A Comparison of the Great Mosque of Cordoba and Notre-Dame-Du-Chartres
Divine Constructions: A Comparison of the Great Mosque of Cordoba and Notre-Dame-du-Chartres Author: Rachel King Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/504 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2007 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Divine Constructions: A Comparison of the Great Mosque of Cordoba and Notre-Dame-du-Chartres By: Rachel King Advisor: Katherine Nahum Art History May 1, 2007 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction………………………………………………………………...3 1. History and Culture……………………………………………….......12 2. Form and Function……………………………………………………27 3. Light and Space……………………………………………………….36 4. Narration and Decoration..............................................................49 5. Beauty and Order………………………………………………….….65 Bibliography……………………………………………………………....74 2 INTRODUCTION Rising above the French countryside, with high towers ascending into the sky and graceful buttresses soaring over the ground, the Cathedral of Notre-Dame-du-Chartres cuts a magnificent profile against the French horizon. It is unmistakable, commanding the eye for miles, sitting on the hill like a queen Fig. 1 Notre Dame-du-Chartres Cathedral , aerial view upon a throne. An elegant symphony of glass and stone, the cathedral bridges earth and sky, both literally and symbolically. A miracle of engineering, the cathedral is a testament to human creativity and divine majesty. One thousand miles to the south, the white streets of Cordoba twist and turn until, as if by accident, they stumble upon a magnificent sand colored building hidden behind a grove of trees. The mosque does not rise vertically but stretches horizontally, low to the ground, except for the tall minaret that casts its shadow over the courtyard. -
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 232 4th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2018) “Geometric Power” The Aesthetic Logic of Zellige Guanghui Chen Shanghai Academy of Fine Arts Shanghai University Shanghai, China Abstract—Zellige is a specific Moroccan ceramic mosaic, usage, it appears in Moroccan structure with traces of Spanish normally in geometric design. It is not only the decorative Muslims, etc. The Moroccan ceramic mosaic is a diverse feature of Islamic Moroccan buildings, but also the peak of the information combination of ceramics in material, mosaic building decoration worldwide. Since almost all the literatures patchwork in European style and Islamized geometrical on the world history of arts and craft and of building have decorative functions. overlooked the art in North Africa consciously or unconsciously, the author intends to find out the origin and the aesthetic Compared with the quadrel drawing and tiling in typical appreciation of Zellige through the field trip and research. The Islamic architectures, it seems that Zellige belongs to Islamic author realizes that the research on Zellige requires the culture. However, seen from the size and arrangement style, it background and difficulty analysis on the mixed culture of Islam is obviously closer to the mosaic in Mediterranean cultural and Morocco. For this, the author accepted professional Zellige circle. But, seen from the mosaic itself, Zellige is the product geometric training in the institute of Zellige in Tetuan of of Islamic culture, because its strict geometrical pattern and Morocco. As the research goes further, we can take the history of continuous structure have nothing to do with the Romanesque European, Asian and African culture and civilization and mosaic images composed by the curves. -
Tour Highlights.ICAA Morocco.2014.Eblast
ICAA Private Morocco: Casablanca and the Imperial Cities Exemplary Sites, Private Residences & Gardens of Rabat, Casablanca, Fes, Meknes & Marrakech Sponsored by Institute of Classical Architecture & Art Arranged by Pamela Huntington Darling, Exclusive Cultural Travel Programs Saturday, May 10th to Sunday, May 18th, 2014: 8 days & 8 nights The Kingdom of Morocco's rich and ancient culture bears the traces of conquerors, invaders, traders, nomads and colonists—from the Phoenicians and Romans to the Spanish and French. An extravagant mosaic of stunning landscapes, richly textured cities and welcoming people, Morocco's high mountain ranges, lush forests, sun-baked desserts and exotic cities, including many UNESCO World Heritage sites, make for a traveler's paradise. Gateway to Africa, the influence of the many peoples and cultures that have left their mark on this storied country is captured in the architecture and monuments, gardens, art, music and cuisine. The bustling bazaars and splendid Medinas, Kasbahs and mosques of Casablanca and the Imperial Cities offer travelers a tantalizing mix of ancient and modern. For eight magical days, in the company of our expert lecturer, we will explore some of Morocco's most important sites and monuments under privileged conditions and received by officials and prominent members of the community. We will enjoy rare and unique visits, receptions and dinners with the owners of superb private riads (palaces), and villas celebrated for their architecture, gardens, interior décor and world-class art collections, details of which will be sent to confirming participants. Tour Highlights Extra Day: Friday, May 9th: Rabat We recommend that you arrive in Casablanca one day prior to the official program. -
Exploration of Arabesque As an Element of Decoration in Islamic Heritage Buildings: the Case of Indian and Persian Architecture
Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology ISSN No : 1006-7930 Exploration of Arabesque as an Element of Decoration in Islamic Heritage Buildings: The Case of Indian and Persian Architecture Mohammad Arif Kamal Architecture Section Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India Saima Gulzar School of Architecture and Planning University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan Sadia Farooq Dept. of Family and Consumer Sciences University of Home Economics, Lahore, Pakistan Abstract - The decoration is a vital element in Islamic art and architecture. The Muslim designers finished various art, artifacts, religious objects, and buildings with many types of ornamentation such as geometry, epigraphy, calligraphy, arabesque, and sometimes animal figures. Among them, the most universal motif in ornamentation which was extensively used is the arabesque. The arabesque is an abstract and rhythmic vegetal ornamentation pattern in Islamic decoration. It is found in a wide variety of media such as book art, stucco, stonework, ceramics, tiles, metalwork, textiles, carpets, etc.. The paper discusses the fact that arabesque is a unique, universal, and vital element of ornamentation within the framework of Islamic Architecture. In this paper, the etymological roots of the term ‘Arabesque’, its evolution and development have been explored. The general characteristics as well as different modes of arabesque are discussed. This paper also analyses the presentation of arabesque with specific reference to Indian and Persian Islamic heritage buildings. Keywords – Arabesque, Islamic Architecture, Decoration, Heritage, India, Iran I. INTRODUCTION The term ‘Arabesque’ is an obsolete European form of rebesk (or rebesco), not an Arabic word dating perhaps from the 15th or 16th century when Renaissance artists used Islamic Designs for book ornament and decorative bookbinding [1]. -
Restoration of the Moroccan Riad
TYPICAL FEATURES OF A RIAD [1] ROOF RESTORATION OF THE MOROCCAN RIAD Terrace • Used for gardens, pools, or laundry CULTURE, CLIMATE AND COURTYARDS OF THE MARRAKECHI MEDINA • High walls common [privacy] Behind the walls of the Marrakechi and the Alaouites (1666-present), each 14 entrances My studies would focus on how these Mouchara-bieb: through medina walls medina lies a dizzying labyrinth of tight, leaving their own unique contributions riads showcase and translate Moroccan carved wooden latticework windowless alleyways of which no map to the architectural heritage of the city. traditions and culture through their Tadelakt: smooth colored surfaces has precisely documented and no trace Yet through each political and economic restorations and renovations. MEDINA W of logic or contemporary planning can shift, the riad, the backbone of the Zelige: complex geometric tilework Pre-trip research will include a more ALLS be found. Modest portals sporadically medina, has remained. dot these aged passageways, entering in-depth analysis of the history of SECOND FLOOR the medina and the riads’ role in its [8] DENSITY OF PUBLIC RIADS, through one of which will usher you into The most recent influx of architectural Tight, winding stairs TYP. THROUGHOUT contributions has come alongside development, as well as its origin story • Dimly lit ALMORAVID KOUBBA the heart of domestic Moroccan living. A • Tucked into corners 12th century monument, globalization. In the late 20th century, and influences throughout time. last remaining example of [2] dimly lit