Schnellflug- Und Pfeilflügeltechnik

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Schnellflug- Und Pfeilflügeltechnik Der weitere Rundgang in der Halle 2 - die Schnellflugausstellung und die Geschichte der aerodynamischen Pfeilflügeltechnik mit der durch sie veränderten Welt Bevor wir Sie weiter durch unsere Ausstellung führen, wollen wir Sie ein wenig über die Hintergründe unserer Arbeit vertraut machen. Wir benötigen dafür Fachwissen mit breitem Hintergrund, und das müssen wir zusammen- tragen. Im Lauf der letzten 25 Jahre ist das eine stattliche Menge geworden und wird in unserem Archiv in einem Nebengebäude bearbeitet und verwaltet. Selbstverständlich müssen schon Grundkenntnisse durch eine längere Beschäftigung mit diesem komplexen Thema vorhanden sein, seien es technische, historische oder noch andere Zugänge. Unser Archiv: Oben links die Büchersammlung, rechts ebenso mit einem Teil der Flugzeug- Typensammlung, unten die Buchstaben A - D der Typensammlung in den A4-Ordnern. Doch kann man sich auch als Fachfremder gut darin einarbeiten, wenn man "zur Stange" hält. Wir alle sind als ehrenamtliche Mitarbeiter im Museumsteam keine studierten Museums- pädagogen oder sonstige Fachwissenschaftler, sondern Menschen aus allen möglichen Berufen, Handwerker und Juristen, Verwaltungsleute und Mediziner. Uns eint die Liebe zur Fliegerei, deren Technik und der Wille zur historischen Einordnung. Und ordentlich mit solchen Themen umzugehen, haben wir in anderen Berufen gelernt. Im Archivgebäude haben wir mehrere Räume, in denen einmal so um 4 - 5 tausend Bücher, diverse Luftfahrtzeitschriften und andere Periodika versammelt sind. Dazu kommt eine ausgedehnte Flugzeugtypensammlung, die sich aus Veröffentlichungen einheimischer und auswärtiger Luftfahrtzeitschriften über die letzen 60 - 70 Jahre speist, mit Motor-, Segel- und UL-Flugzeugen sowie Hubschraubern. Das sind noch einmal gute 800 A-4 Bände, Die verschiedenen Typen sind nach Herstellern alphabetisch sortiert. Dieses Archiv dürfen Sie nach tel. Voranmeldung gern besichtigen, in "normalen " Zeiten geht das mittwochs, aber nur nach Rücksprache. Mitglieder unseres Trägervereines können sich kostenlos Literatur ausleihen. Zuvor besteht aber auch schon die Möglichkeit online, also über die Webseite des Museums im Bestand zu stöbern (Museum – Sammlungen – Büchersammlung). Diesen virtuellen Rundgang können wir im Augenblick, weitab vom notwendigerweise geschlossenen Museum und damit weit entfernt von unserem Archiv, nur leisten aus Unterlagen, die es rechtzeitig nach hause geschafft haben und mit der inzwischen wirklich guten Unterstützung durch da Internet. Auf denn!. Die Schnellflugausstellung: Schneller, weiter, höher Die alliierten Kriegsgegner sehen wir in den voranstehenden Vitrinen mit ihren bekanntesten Maschinen im Maßstab 1:48. Sie bilden bereits einen Teil der später hinzugekommenen Ausstellung über die Entwicklung des Schnellfluges: Höher, schneller, weiter - vom Wright Flyer zum Eurofighter. Hier wird anhand reichhaltiger (und z T. recht exotischer) Modelle, fast immer im gleichen Maßstab von 1:48, erklärt, wie es dazu kam, von den (heute als mickrig angesehenen) 40 km/h der Brüder Wright zu den gut 5000 km/h der NASA X-15 zu kommen, welche Motoren, welche Technik und welche Aerodynamik da jeweils vonnöten waren. Eine solche kompakte und solide recherchierte Ausstellung finden Sie nur bei uns. Wenn es Sie interessieren sollte, ist zu jedem ausgestellten Modell eine Beschreibung in einer manuell zu bedienenden Datenbank auf einem Pult nachzulesen, wie auch die Kurzbiografien der wich- tigsten Akteure, der wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaften und der aerodynamischen Sachverhalte (Stichworte z.B.: Sägezahn, Pfeilflügel, Flächenregel/Wespentaille, Grenzschichtzaun usf.). Die Ausstellung über die Entwicklung des Schnellfluges von den Wright-Brüdern zu den modernsten Hochgeschwindigkeitsflugzeugen - hinter unserer Antonow An-2 Anuschka - hier durch die Doppeldecker-Tragflächen fotografiert, oben aus der Höhe und Ferne. Man sieht einen Teil der gut gefüllten Vitrinen, die frei hängenden Modelle und im Hintergrund das Pult, auf dem die Loseblattsammlung der Personen, Organisa- tionen, technischer Details und die Technischen Daten der ausgestellten Flugzeuge nachgelesen werden können, auf Papier. Bilder aus dem Beginn der Fliegerei - Modelle in den Vitrinen Oben ein Blick in einen Teil der außerhalb der Vitrinen "hängenden Modelle" (1:48 und wenige in 1:72), unten die dazugehörigen Informationen. Alle Typen - wie auch die in den Vitrinen, sind mit einer Typenbeschreibung (Beispiele folgen) in der Dokumentation auf dem Pult zu finden. Informationen zu den oben hängenden Flugzeugen Gotha G.IV Bomber 1916, preußische Fliegertruppe (M 1:48) 1 nahm an Bombenangriffen aus Belgien gegen Südengland teil (wc) Douglas DC-3 / C-47 Skytrain / Dakota, 1936 (M 1:48) der erste gewinnbringende Airliner, Transporter, Rosinenomber, hier Airlinder der SAS 2 1951 (wc) Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor, 1937 (M 1:48) viermotoriger deutschen Airliner, flog Nonstop Berlin - New York 1938, hier spanische 3 Luftwaffe 1950 (wc) Boeing B-29 Super Fortress 1944, USAAF (M 1:48) Langstrecken-bomber der USAAF, hier die Enola Gay in 08/1945, warf die erste 4 Atombombe (auf Hiroshima in Japan) (wc) Convair B-36 Big Stick 1946, (M 1:72) Nachfolger der B-29, Ultra-Langstreckenbomber mit 6 x 3500-PS-Kolbenmotoren und 4 5 Düsentriebwerken (ml) Boeing B-52 Stratofortress 1951 (M 1:72) großer düsengetriebener Lang-streckenbomber der USAF, Nachfolger der B-47, fliegt 6 heute noch (ml) Boeing C-135 / B-707 1954 (M 1:72) DAS Pfeilflügel-Flugzeug schlecht-hin: Via B-47 und B-52 machte Boeing diesen 7 Bestseller, militärisch und zivil. Hier sehen wir ein Frühwarnflugzeug "AWACS".(ml) Tupolew Tu-95 Bear (M 1:72) der Pfeilflügel bringt es: Das schnellste propeller-getriebene Flugzeug der Welt ist die 8 russischen Tu-95 mit 995 km/h und 4 überstarken (12000 PS) Propellerturbinen (ml) AVRO Vulkan 1955 (M 1:72) 9 Die Vulkan gehörte zur sog., V-Bomberflotte der Briten und benutzte den Deltaflügel (ml) Convair B-58 Hustler 1956 (M 1:48) Hier sieht man den Delta-Flügel des Alexander Lippiusch von 1944/45 in seiner reinen 10 Form: Doppelte Schallgeschwindigkeit und viele Weltrekorde (wc) Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird 1966 (M 1:48) Die SR-71 war das schnellste Flugzeug der Welt mit 3529 km/h - und mit Fahrwerk (die 11 NAA X-15 hatte fast keines!). Aufklärung mit dreifacher Schallgeschwindigkeit, keine Verluste. (wc) Aerospatiale / BAC (British Aircraft Corp.) 1976 (M 1:72) Der Deltaflügel in Variation: sie war schön, laut und teuer, Passagierverkehr mit Mach 2 12 (ml) North American/Rockwell (Boeing) B-1 Lancer 1974 (M 1:48) Überschallbomber mit Schwenkflügeln, im Laufe der Zeit vom Hoch- zum Tiefflieger 13 umentwickelt, sündhaft teuer. U.A. mit diesem Fz rüstete Präsiden Reagan (USA) die Sowjets "tot",. fliegt im Tiefflug etwa Mach 1,5 (ohne Außenlasten) (wc) Tupolew Tu-160 Blackjack 1981 (M 1:72) Die T-160 leicht in ihrem Aufbau der Rockwell B-1 Lancer, ist aber deutlich schwerer und 14 auch schneller. Nur wenige Exemplare gebaut und noch im Einsatz. (ml) Die Geschichte der Pfeilflügeltechnik Dieses Kapitel ist im Grundsatz bereits oben enthalten. Das Thema ist uns doch dennoch sehr wichtig, hat doch seine Entwicklung - gestützt auf staatliche Forschungen hier und in den USA, später auch im UK, der Sowjet-Union und in Frankreich, eine große Beachtung und Weiterentwicklung erfahren. Heute ist jedes Flugzeug, das sich im schallnahen Bereich oder darüber hinaus im Luftraum bewegt, mit Turbinen-Luftstrahl-Triebwerken ("Düsentriebwerke" oder "Jet engines") und mit Pfeilflügeltragwerken ausgerüstet. Dadurch hat sich die Militärfliegerei und der zivile Luftverkehr revolutioniert. Flogen in den Zeiten der Propellerflugzeuge maximal so um die hundert Leute mit Geschwindigkeiten von um die 450 km/h von A nach B, so fliegen heute Hunderte mit 900 - 950 km/h über weite Strecken, und das zu erschwinglichen Preisen. Wie kam es dazu? Die Antwort darauf ist sehr komplex und fängt schon bereits vor gut 100 Jahren mit der Luftfahrtforschung in vielen Ländern an. Hier eine technische/redaktionelle Anmerkung: Durch die Corona-bedingte Schließung unseres Museums ist auch unser Archiv aus der Ferne nicht zugänglich, somit können wir nur auf einen kleinen Teil unserer Dateien zu hause zugreifen. Als Ersatz für die z.Zt. Fehlenden zeigen wir Ihnen immer dann Wikipedia-Dateien, die inzwischen sehr gut bearbeitet sind! In Deutschland begann die Luftfahrtforschung bereits 1907 im Kaiserreich, als hier noch keine Fliegerei -außer der Luftschifffahrt und der Ballonfliegerei - stattfand, eingerichtet von weitblickenden Leuten, die den Anschluss an diese vielversprechende Technik nicht versäumen wollten. Herausragend sind dabei die Personen Ludwig Prandtl und Theodore von Kármàn, der Schüler von Prandtl war, als Physiker/Aerodynamiker an die RWTH nach Aachen ging, sich mit seinem Kollegen Hugo Junkers - damals auch dort lehrend - befreundete und mit Wolfgang Klemperer zusammen die FVA (Flug-Wissenschaftliche Vereinigung = Akaflieg) gründete, die auf der Rhön erste Erfolge im motorlosen Fliegen erzielte. 1929 ging v. Karman dann in die USA nach Kalifornien, und er wurde einer der führenden Aerodynamiker dieser Nation. Und mit Prandtl kreuzten sich dann noch mehrfach die Wege bei wissenschaftlichen Symposien und dann 1945 im April, als v. Kármàn Chef der US-Beutekommission für die deutsche Luftfahrt wurde und damit - wenn man so will - Chef von Prandtl wurde, als er sich von ihm und Busemann in Braunschweig die deutschen Forschungserfolge in der Luftfahrt-Wissenschaft zeigen ließ, aber davon
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