SCYTHIAN BIOSCIENCES CORP. CSE FORM 2A LISTING STATEMENT August 13, 2018
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Tobacco & Cannabis
TOBACCO & CANNABIS: THE EVOLUTION OF PERTINENT RULES & REGULATIONS AND SUBSEQUENT FINANCIAL RAMIFICATIONS by Virginia Palmer Yerger Avisto A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College. Oxford May 2016 Approved by _________________________ Advisor: Dr. Bonnie Van Ness _________________________ Reader: Dr. Travis Box _________________________ Reader: Dr. Dwight Frink © 2016 Virginia Palmer Yerger Avisto ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii I would like to dedicate my thesis to all family members who encouraged me to apply to the Honors College and acted as my cheerleaders throughout the entire process. Peter Avisto Virginia Avisto Harrison Avisto Gingia Yerger Swan Yerger Patricia Avisto Uno Avisto iii ABSTRACT PALMER AVISTO: Tobacco & Cannabis: The Evolution of Pertinent Rules & Regulations and Subsequent Financial Ramifications (Under the direction of Dr. Bonnie Van Ness) My thesis will discuss the evolution of the regulations surrounding tobacco and cannabis and the subsequent financial ramifications later posed on pertaining companies and the industries themselves. I will also briefly discuss the evolution of tobacco advertisements and the introduction of e-cigarettes into the tobacco market. Concerning newly legalized cannabis stores, I will discuss the struggle to acquire financial tools, the state-Federal disagreement, and proposed solutions to those issues. Both having been deemed “public enemy number one,” I will compare marijuana and tobacco regarding health effects, profitability after new laws, and their overall economic profitability for the country. I researched and summarized all pertinent regulations for the two industries and analyzed the available annual reports for the major tobacco companies. -
The Impact of Cannabis Access Laws on Opioid Prescribing
Journal of Health Economics 69 (2020) 102273 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Health Economics j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/econbase The impact of cannabis access laws on opioid prescribing a,∗ b c Benjamin J. McMichael , R. Lawrence Van Horn , W. Kip Viscusi a Assistant Professor of Law, University of Alabama School of Law, Box 870382, 101 Paul W. Bryant Drive East, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, United States b Associate Professor of Management and Law, Executive Director of Health Affairs, Owen Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University, 401 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37203, United States c University Distinguished Professor of Law, Economics, and Management, Vanderbilt University Law School. 131 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37203, United States a r a t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c t Article history: While recent research has shown that cannabis access laws can reduce the use of prescrip- Received 5 October 2018 tion opioids, the effect of these laws on opioid use is not well understood for all dimensions Received in revised form 17 July 2019 of use and for the general United States population. Analyzing a dataset of over 1.5 bil- Accepted 7 December 2019 lion individual opioid prescriptions between 2011 and 2018, which were aggregated to the Available online 14 December 2019 individual provider-year level, we find that recreational and medical cannabis access laws reduce the number of morphine milligram equivalents prescribed each year by 11.8 and 4.2 JEL classification: percent, respectively. These laws also reduce the total days’ supply of opioids prescribed, I180 the total number of patients receiving opioids, and the probability a provider prescribes K19 any opioids net of any offsetting effects. -
The Forensic Identification of Marijuana: Suspicion, Moral Danger, and the Creation Of
Title: The Forensic Identification of Marijuana: Suspicion, Moral Danger, and the Creation of Non-Psychoactive THC Author: Aaron Roussell* Running Head: “Marijuana Identification” Abstract: Federal and state laws present marijuana as a dangerous substance requiring coercive control and forbid private citizens from possessing, selling, or growing it. Possession cases brought under these laws depend on a forensic confirmation of taxonomic identity as Cannabis sativa to establish and successfully prosecute a case. Hemp Industries Association v. DEA (2003), a recent federal appeals court ruling, is at odds with this forensic process. American citizens may legally possess and even consume a similar substance — hemp and its derivatives — which can be made into such everyday objects as clothing, rope, and food products. Yet these two plants are both Cannabis sativa and differ only in physical structure and degree of natural tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Synthetic THC is also a medically prescribed substance, which introduces further confusion into the legal standing of cannabis. Finally, *Department of Criminology, Law & Society, University of California, Irvine. Address correspondence to Aaron Roussell, Department of Criminology, Law & Society, University of California, Irvine, Social Ecology II, Irvine, CA 92697; email: [email protected]. 949-943-9860 Thanks to Professors Simon Cole, Justin Richland, Michael Clegg, and Dr. Fred Whitehurst for their direct or indirect contributions and assistance, as well as Akhila Ananth, Vivek Mittal, and Trish Goforth for their help with paper drafts and the editorial staff of the Albany Law Journal of Science and Technology for their superb efforts to improve the final version. Mistakes and weaknesses herein are entirely in spite of their efforts and remain the sole dominion of the author. -
Investing in the Legal U.S. Cannabis Market
INVESTING IN THE LEGAL U.S. CANNABIS MARKET WHITE PAPER OCTOBER 2019 PETE KARABAS • TIBY ERDELY • JORDAN YOUKILIS FOUNDING PARTNERS OF KEY INVESTMENT PARTNERS LLC P a g e | 1 Table of contents Executive summary .............................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Section 1: Cannabis 101 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Section 2: Projected growth of the cannabis market ..................................................................................................................... 7 Section 3: The politics of cannabis in the U.S. .............................................................................................................................. 11 Section 4: Unique characteristics of the cannabis industry as an investment opportunity ............................................... 16 Section 5: The public cannabis markets ......................................................................................................................................... 19 Section 6: Investors in ancillary businesses can avoid several risks that plant-touching investors will face today .... 23 Section 7: Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................................... -
EMCDDA Cannabis Reader
ISSN 1606-1691 A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences 05 06 15 TD-32-07-001-EN-C About the EMCDDA The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is one of the European Union’s decentralised agencies. Established in 1993 and based in Lisbon, it is the central source of comprehensive information on drugs and drug addiction in Europe. The EMCDDA collects, analyses and disseminates factual, objective, reliable and comparable information on drugs and drug addiction. In doing so, it provides its audiences with an evidence-based picture of the drug phenomenon at European level. The Centre’s publications are a prime source of information for a wide range of audiences including policy-makers and their advisers; professionals and researchers working in the drugs field; and, more broadly, the media and general public. EMCDDA monographs are comprehensive scientific publications containing thematic papers prepared in the context of the Centre’s activities. Topics cover a wide range of issues relating to science, policy, epidemiology and best EMCDDA practice. MONOGRAPHS A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 20 per volume MONOGRAPHS EMCDDA VOL. I VOL. 8 8 I VOLUME EMCDDA MONOGRAPHS A cannabis reader: global issues and local experiences Perspectives on cannabis controversies, treatment and regulation in Europe Editors Sharon Rödner Sznitman, Börje Olsson, Robin Room 8 I VOLUME Legal notice This publication of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) is protected by copyright. The EMCDDA accepts no responsibility or liability for any consequences arising from the use of the data contained in this document. -
Lead to Higher Rents? an Estimation of the Effects of Cultivation Laws on Colorado Industrial Property Values
ABSTRACT DOES A LEGAL “HIGH” LEAD TO HIGHER RENTS? AN ESTIMATION OF THE EFFECTS OF CULTIVATION LAWS ON COLORADO INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY VALUES by Jack Edward Fetick This paper analyzes the effect of a change in the legal status of cannabis cultivation on the value of industrial space. An often-cited positive impact of legalization is the increase in tax revenue to the state, yet an increase in demand for warehouse-like spaces may crowd out other industries. An initial estimation analyzes how different characteristics of Colorado counties affect ballot choices. The results indicate areas that supported Barack Obama in 2012 were 26-37 percent more likely to support legalized cannabis. I then estimate the effect of municipalities exercising a “local option” to ban cannabis production on the values of industrial spaces. The natural variation of the local option across the state is used to compare industrial space values across treated areas using a difference-in-differences design. Using data from real estate listing website LoopNet, this paper estimates a slightly higher difference in the value of industrial space in areas with legal cultivation status. DOES A LEGAL “HIGH” LEAD TO HIGHER RENTS? AN ESTIMATION OF THE EFFECTS OF CULTIVATION LAWS ON COLORADO INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY VALUES Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by Jack Edward Fetick Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2018 Advisor: Dr. Melissa Thomasson Reader: Dr. Analisa Packham Reader: Dr. Austin Smith ©2018 Jack Edward Fetick This thesis titled DOES A LEGAL “HIGH” LEAD TO HIGHER RENTS? AN ESTIMATION OF THE EFFECTS OF CULTIVATION LAWS ON COLORADO INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY VALUES by Jack Edward Fetick has been approved for publication by Farmer School of Business and Department of Economics _______________________________________ Dr. -
What Canadian Youth Think About Cannabis: Report in Short
www.ccsa.ca • www.cclt.ca What Canadian Youth Think about Cannabis Report in Short The Issue Canadian youth are the top users of cannabis in the developed world.1 Despite a decrease in cannabis use among youth in recent years,2 cannabis remains the most commonly used illegal drug among Canadian youth, 15- 24 years of age.3 In fact, the number of youth who have used cannabis within the last year is currently three times higher than that of adults aged 25 years and older (21.6% vs. 6.7%).3 In some Canadian jurisdictions, approximately 50% of grade 12 students have reported consuming cannabis within the last year.4 Although cannabis can produce feelings of euphoria and relaxation, its use can lead to negative consequences. Short-term use can cause difficulties in brain functions such as memory, perception of time, coordination and balance.5 These effects can lead to injuries or car crashes when driving.6 In addition to health and safety concerns, youth substance abuse can also lead to difficulties at school and problems with relationships and the law.7 Adolescents are particularly at risk for cannabis related harms since their brains are undergoing rapid and extensive development. Research tells us that chronic cannabis use is associated with memory, thinking and attention difficulties, particularly among those who began using cannabis in early adolescence.8 Chronic use might also increase the risk of psychosis, depression and anxiety, in addition to respiratory conditions and possibly lung cancer.9,10,11,12 Although there is an increasing amount of knowledge related to the harms linked to cannabis use, we know little about what youth think about the drug and what influences their decisions to use it. -
How Small Cannabis Businesses Can Survive the Hurdles of IP Protection
Texas A&M Law Review Volume 8 Issue 1 11-1-2020 How Small Cannabis Businesses Can Survive the Hurdles of IP Protection Spencer Keller Texas A&M University School of Law (Student), [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/lawreview Part of the Intellectual Property Law Commons, and the Weed Science Commons Recommended Citation Spencer Keller, How Small Cannabis Businesses Can Survive the Hurdles of IP Protection, 8 Tex. A&M L. Rev. 199 (2020). Available at: https://doi.org/10.37419/LR.V8.I1.6 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by Texas A&M Law Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Texas A&M Law Review by an authorized editor of Texas A&M Law Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. \\jciprod01\productn\T\TWL\8-1\TWL106.txt unknown Seq: 1 16-OCT-20 11:49 COMMENT HOW SMALL CANNABIS BUSINESSES CAN SURVIVE THE HURDLES OF IP PROTECTION by: Spencer Keller* ABSTRACT The current state of cannabis and intellectual property laws and regulations leaves small and emerging cannabis businesses at a distinct disadvantage com- pared to those in other industries. Those wishing to pursue cannabis inven- tions and patents face an uphill battle as cannabis research and development is nearly impossible to conduct legally. The difficulty in researching cannabis has pushed companies to move their research outside of the United States, leaving those growing businesses unable to corner their market in the cannabis industry. Complicating matters further are the overly broad patents that can- nabis patentees are likely receiving as a result of market participants leaving innovations undocumented due to fear of being prosecuted for their involve- ment in the industry. -
Cannabis Legalization and Criminal Justice Reform
March 17, 2021 High crimes and misdemeanors: Cannabis legalization and criminal justice reform By Travis Hill New York State is on the cusp of legalizing cannabis for recreational use. Will it have the social and economic impact many legislators and advocacy groups hope for? Initially put forth in the 2019 legislative session, legalizing recreational marijuana took a backseat to more wide-ranging criminal justice reforms, as New York overhauled state bail and discovery practices. Now that those initial reforms have been implemented, legalizing marijuana has once again taken center stage as a way to address past wrongs and make the criminal justice system more equitable. Currently, there are two marijuana bills pending before the state legislature. One is the stand-alone Marijuana Regulation and Taxation Act (MRTA) and the other is the Cannabis Regulation and Taxation Act (CRTA), which the governor included in the FY2022 executive budget. Both bills seek to legalize adult recreational use of marijuana and provide an economic boost to communities disproportionately impacted by the decades-long war on drugs. If either bill becomes law, New York will follow closely on the heels of its neighbor New Jersey, which earlier this year legalized cannabis possession and use for adults age 21 and older (A21 – The New Jersey Cannabis Regulatory, Enforcement Assistance, and Marketplace Modernization Act). Similar to New Jersey, the New York bills provide for a heavy regulatory framework, reinvestment in communities disproportionately impacted by the failed war on drugs, and criminal justice reforms. The competing New York bills are closely aligned in their stated goals; however, they have some key differences in achieving the primary policy objectives of legalization and economic developm ent. -
CHI-Nnabis: Implications of Marijuana Legalization for and from Human-Computer Interaction
CHI-nnabis: Implications of Marijuana Legalization for and from Human-Computer Interaction Brian C. Keegan Jofish Kaye Abstract University of Colorado, Boulder Mozilla The consumption of cannabis has substantial implications Boulder, CO 80309, USA Mountain View, CA 94041 for medicine, popular culture, and technology use, yet dis- [email protected] acm@jofish.com cussion of it is almost entirely absent in the HCI literature. Patricia Cavazos-Rehg Munmun de Choudhury Taking advantage of CHI 2017’s location in one of the first Washington University Georgia Institute of Technology jurisdictions to legalize recreational use of marijuana in the St. Louis, MO 63110 Atlanta, GA 30308 U.S., this panel will discuss its socio-technical implications, [email protected] [email protected] identify HCI research themes relevant to policy and public health debates, and outline a research agenda. Anh Ngoc Nguyen Michael J. Paul Saolasoft, Inc. University of Colorado, Boulder Author Keywords Centennial, CO 80112 Boulder, CO 80309, USA [email protected] [email protected] cannabis; marijuana; drug policy; legalization Saiph Savage ACM Classification Keywords Universidad Nacional Autonoma K.4.1 [Computers and Society]: Public Policy Issues de Mexico (UNAM) Mexico City, Mexico Background [email protected] While the use of cannabis (popularly: marijuana, pot, weed, ganja, grass, reefer, chronic, dope, herb) remains illegal under U.S. federal law, voters in an increasing number of Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or states are proposing and passing ballot initiatives to le- classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed galize marijuana production, sale, and consumption for for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. -
Dáil Éireann
Vol. 971 Thursday, No. 7 12 July 2018 DÍOSPÓIREACHTAÍ PARLAIMINTE PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES DÁIL ÉIREANN TUAIRISC OIFIGIÚIL—Neamhcheartaithe (OFFICIAL REPORT—Unrevised) Insert Date Here 12/07/2018A00100Ceisteanna - Questions � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 935 12/07/2018A00200Priority Questions� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 935 12/07/2018A00250Common Agricultural Policy Negotiations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 935 12/07/2018B00350Common Agricultural Policy Negotiations � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 938 12/07/2018C00900Fodder Crisis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 941 12/07/2018D00850Weather Events � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 943 12/07/2018E01250Agriculture Industry � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 947 12/07/2018F01800Other Questions � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 950 12/07/2018F01900Fodder Crisis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � -
Softember Abstracts
SOFTEMBER ABSTRACTS SOFTEMBER POSTER ABSTRACTS...............................................2-56 SOFTEMBER PLATFORM ABSTRACTS .................................... 57-127 SOFTEMBER POSTER ABSTRACTS A 4-Year Systematic Analysis of Commercial E-liquids: The Evolution of G.R.A.S. to Inhaled Toxins Authors and Affiliations: Alaina K. Holt, B.S.*(1), Justin L. Poklis, B.S.(2), and Michelle R. Peace, Ph.D.(1) (1) Department of Forensic Science and (2) Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA Background/Introduction: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) were originally developed as an alternate method for nicotine delivery. The e-liquids are made of ratios of humectant formulations, pharmacologically active ingredients, flavoring chemicals, volatiles, preservative chemicals, and other “enhancing” chemicals. E-cigs have also been adopted for drugs other than nicotine (DOTN), including cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahy- drocannabinol (THC). E-liquid manufacturers use chemicals that are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) for oral consumption. The FDA promulgated regulations to govern e-cigarette devices and e-liquids in May 2016, yet product approval deadlines are May 2020. The flavoring bans that were instituted in January 2020 only govern pod-based products. E-liquid formulations for re-filling e-cigarettes have not been heavily scrutinized by regulatory agencies, under the auspice that only pod-based products are most likely to be used by children. E-liquid formulations have evolved as a result of vaping preferences, public health sentiment, and looming regulations. Quality assurance and product safety remain inadequate, demonstrated recently by e-cigarette or vaping product associated lung injury (EVALI). Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of e-liquids and to establish over time humectant formulations, pharmacologically active ingredients, flavoring chemicals, volatiles, preservative chemicals, and other “enhancements”.