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After Care of Those Who Have Been Exposed to PAVA (Captor) Spray Or Post Deployment of ‘Taser’ Device
Document level: Trustwide (TW) Code: CP39 Issue number: 3 After care of those who have been exposed to PAVA (Captor) spray or post deployment of ‘taser’ device Lead executive Director of Nursing Therapies Patient Partnership Author and contact number Safety and Security Lead – 01244 397 618 Type of document Policy Target audience All inpatient staff The procedure is written in the event of CS Gas being used within Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (CWP). It Document purpose provides guidance on the aftercare of those who have been affected by a CS contaminant. Document consultation Emergency Planning Sub Committee (EPSC) Approving meeting Patient Safety and Effectiveness Sub Committee 17-Feb-11 Ratification Document Quality Group (DQG) 8-Sep-11 Original issue date Apr-03 Implementation date Sep-11 Review date Sep-16 HR6 Trust-wide learning and development requirements including the training needs analysis (TNA) CWP documents to be read GR1 Incident reporting and management policy in conjunction with GR8 Security policy CP6 The management of violence and aggression (incorporating verbal threat to staff and offensive weapons) Training requirements There are no specific training requirements for this document. Financial resource No implications Equality Impact Assessment (EIA) Initial assessment Yes/No Comments Does this document affect one group less or more favourably than another on the basis of: Race No Ethnic origins (including gypsies and travellers) No Nationality No Gender No Culture No Religion or belief -
Tobacco & Cannabis
TOBACCO & CANNABIS: THE EVOLUTION OF PERTINENT RULES & REGULATIONS AND SUBSEQUENT FINANCIAL RAMIFICATIONS by Virginia Palmer Yerger Avisto A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College. Oxford May 2016 Approved by _________________________ Advisor: Dr. Bonnie Van Ness _________________________ Reader: Dr. Travis Box _________________________ Reader: Dr. Dwight Frink © 2016 Virginia Palmer Yerger Avisto ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii I would like to dedicate my thesis to all family members who encouraged me to apply to the Honors College and acted as my cheerleaders throughout the entire process. Peter Avisto Virginia Avisto Harrison Avisto Gingia Yerger Swan Yerger Patricia Avisto Uno Avisto iii ABSTRACT PALMER AVISTO: Tobacco & Cannabis: The Evolution of Pertinent Rules & Regulations and Subsequent Financial Ramifications (Under the direction of Dr. Bonnie Van Ness) My thesis will discuss the evolution of the regulations surrounding tobacco and cannabis and the subsequent financial ramifications later posed on pertaining companies and the industries themselves. I will also briefly discuss the evolution of tobacco advertisements and the introduction of e-cigarettes into the tobacco market. Concerning newly legalized cannabis stores, I will discuss the struggle to acquire financial tools, the state-Federal disagreement, and proposed solutions to those issues. Both having been deemed “public enemy number one,” I will compare marijuana and tobacco regarding health effects, profitability after new laws, and their overall economic profitability for the country. I researched and summarized all pertinent regulations for the two industries and analyzed the available annual reports for the major tobacco companies. -
Designing Microorganisms for Heterologous Biosynthesis of Cannabinoids Angelaˆ Carvalho1, Esben Halkjær Hansen1, Oliver Kayser2, Simon Carlsen1,∗ and Felix Stehle2
FEMS Yeast Research, 17, 2017, fox037 doi: 10.1093/femsyr/fox037 Advance Access Publication Date: 4 June 2017 Minireview MINIREVIEW Designing microorganisms for heterologous biosynthesis of cannabinoids Angelaˆ Carvalho1, Esben Halkjær Hansen1, Oliver Kayser2, Simon Carlsen1,∗ and Felix Stehle2 1Evolva Biotech A/S, Lersø Parkalle´ 42-44, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark and 2Laboratory of Technical Biochemistry, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany ∗Corresponding author: Evolva Biotech A/S, Lersø Parkalle´ 42-44, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. Tel: +45-35-200-243; E-mail: [email protected] One sentence summary: In this review, the authors explore the use of synthetic biology as an alternative approach for the synthesis of pharmaceutical cannabinoids in a heterologous host organism. Editor: John Morrissey ABSTRACT During the last decade, the use of medical Cannabis has expanded globally and legislation is getting more liberal in many countries, facilitating the research on cannabinoids. The unique interaction of cannabinoids with the human endocannabinoid system makes these compounds an interesting target to be studied as therapeutic agents for the treatment of several medical conditions. However, currently there are important limitations in the study, production and use of cannabinoids as pharmaceutical drugs. Besides the main constituent tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, the structurally related compound cannabidiol is of high interest as drug candidate. From the more than 100 known cannabinoids reported, most can only be extracted in very low amounts and their pharmacological profile has not been determined. Today, cannabinoids are isolated from the strictly regulated Cannabis plant, and the supply of compounds with sufficient quality is a major problem. -
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
INVESTIGATIONS TO IRON LIMITATION IN STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE I n a u g u r a l d i s s e r t a t i o n zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Greifswald vorgelegt von Juliane Hoyer geboren am 18.08.1988 in Potsdam Greifswald, den 18.12.2018 Dekan: Prof. Dr. Werner Weitschies 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Dörte Becher 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Jan Maarten van Dijl Tag der Promotion: 25.04.2019 Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents ...................................................................................................................................................... I Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................................... V 1. Summary ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 2. Zusammenfassung .......................................................................................................................................... 3 3. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.1. Streptococcus pneumoniae ................................................................................................................... 7 3.1.1. Historical and general -
Recent Developments in Cannabis Chemistry
Recent Developments in Cannabis Chemistry BY ALEXANDER T. SHULGIN, Ph.D. The marijuana plant Cannabis sativa contains a bewildering Introduction array of organic chemicals. As is true with other botanic species, there are representatives of almost all chemical classes present, including mono- and sesquiterpenes, carbohy- drates, aromatics, and a variety of nitrogenous compounds. Interest in the study of this plant has centered primarily on the resinous fraction, as it is this material that is invested with the pharmacological activity that is peculiar to the plant. This resin is secreted by the female plant as a protective agent during seed ripening, although it can be found as a microscopic exudate through the aerial portions of plants of either sex. The pure resin, hashish or charas, is the most potent fraction of the plant, and has served as the source material for most of the chemical studies. The family of chemicals that has been isolated from this source has been referred to as the cannabinoid group. It is unique amongst psychotropic materials from plants in that there are no alkaloids present. The fraction is totally nitro- gen-free. Rather, the set of compounds can be considered as analogs of the parent compound cannabinol (I), a fusion product of terpene and a substituted resorcinol. Beyond the scope of this present review are such questions as the distribution of these compounds within the plant, the bo- tanic variability resulting from geographic distribution, the diversity of pharmacological action assignable to the several Reprinted from Journal of Psychedelic Drugs, vol. II, no. 1, 197 1. 397 398 Marijuana: Medical Papers distinct compounds present, and the various preparations and customs of administration. -
What Is Delta-8 THC?? Cannabinoid Chemistry 101
What is Delta-8 THC?? Cannabinoid Chemistry 101 National Conference on Weights and Measures Annual Meeting - Rochester, NY Matthew D. Curran, Ph.D. July 21, 2021 Disclaimer Just to be clear… • I am a chemist and not a lawyer so: • This presentation will not discuss the legal aspects of Δ8-THC or DEA’s current position. • This presentation will not discuss whether Δ8-THC is considered “synthetic” or “naturally occurring.” • This is not a position statement on any issues before the NCWM. • Lastly, this should only be considered a scientific sharing exercise. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services 2 Cannabis in Florida Cannabis Syllabus • What is Cannabis? • “Mother” Cannabinoid • Decarboxylation • Relationship between CBD and THC • What does “Total” mean? • Dry Weight vs. Wet Weight • What does “Delta-9” mean? • Relationship between “Delta-8” and “Delta-9” • CBD to Delta-8 THC • Cannabinoid Chemistry 202… Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services 3 Cannabis Cannabis • Cannabis sativa is the taxonomic name for the plant. • The concentration of Total Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Total Δ9-THC) is critical when considering the varieties of Cannabis sativa. • Hemp – (Total Δ9-THC) 0.3% or less • Not really a controversial term, “hemp” • Marijuana/cannabis – (Total Δ9-THC) Greater than 0.3% • Controversial term, “marijuana” • Some states prohibit the use of this term whereas some states have it in their laws. • Some states use the term “cannabis.” • Not italicized • Lower case “c” Florida Department of Agriculture and -
The Impact of Cannabis Access Laws on Opioid Prescribing
Journal of Health Economics 69 (2020) 102273 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Health Economics j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/econbase The impact of cannabis access laws on opioid prescribing a,∗ b c Benjamin J. McMichael , R. Lawrence Van Horn , W. Kip Viscusi a Assistant Professor of Law, University of Alabama School of Law, Box 870382, 101 Paul W. Bryant Drive East, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, United States b Associate Professor of Management and Law, Executive Director of Health Affairs, Owen Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University, 401 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37203, United States c University Distinguished Professor of Law, Economics, and Management, Vanderbilt University Law School. 131 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37203, United States a r a t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c t Article history: While recent research has shown that cannabis access laws can reduce the use of prescrip- Received 5 October 2018 tion opioids, the effect of these laws on opioid use is not well understood for all dimensions Received in revised form 17 July 2019 of use and for the general United States population. Analyzing a dataset of over 1.5 bil- Accepted 7 December 2019 lion individual opioid prescriptions between 2011 and 2018, which were aggregated to the Available online 14 December 2019 individual provider-year level, we find that recreational and medical cannabis access laws reduce the number of morphine milligram equivalents prescribed each year by 11.8 and 4.2 JEL classification: percent, respectively. These laws also reduce the total days’ supply of opioids prescribed, I180 the total number of patients receiving opioids, and the probability a provider prescribes K19 any opioids net of any offsetting effects. -
Using Dictyostelium Discoideum to Investigate the Mechanism of Action of Cannabigerol
Therapeutic cannabinoids: Using Dictyostelium discoideum to investigate the mechanism of action of cannabigerol Joseph Oddy Research thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Royal Holloway University of London in May 2020 1 Declaration of Authorship I, Joseph Laurence Damstra-Oddy, hereby declare that the work presented in this thesis is my own unless otherwise stated, and that all published work has been acknowledged. Furthermore, I affirm that I have neither fabricated nor falsified the results reported herein. Signed: Date: 22/05/2020 2 Abstract Cannabis has been used to treat many diseases for centuries. Recent medical interest has focused on the potential of cannabinoids to treat diseases such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and cancer where research has focused on investigating cannabidiol (CBD). However, other cannabinoids, such as cannabigerol (CBG), remain poorly characterised and are being explored as potential treatments. The molecular mechanisms by which cannabinoids treat diseases remain unclear, despite suggested targets including adenosine, mTOR, transient receptor potential transporters and cannabinoid receptors. This study aimed to identify molecular mechanisms of CBG, using Dictyostelium discoideum as a model system and translating results to a clinical setting. Initially, a targeted approach was undertaken where the effects of CBG on adenosine transport (and DNA methylation) was investigated. From this approach, CBG elevated DNA methylation in D. discoideum dependent upon adenosine transport via the equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1). In addition, an unbiased approach was taken in which screening of a mutant library for CBG resistance identified inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), a known regulator of mTOR activity, as a potential target. -
WO 2017/139496 Al 17 August 2017 (17.08.2017) P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2017/139496 Al 17 August 2017 (17.08.2017) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C12N 1/15 (2006.01) C12N 15/52 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, C12N 15/29 (2006.01) C12P 7/40 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, C12N 15/31 (2006.01) C12P 7/22 (2006.01) BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (21) International Application Number: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, PCT/US20 17/0 17246 KP, KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, (22) International Filing Date: MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, ' February 2017 (09.02.2017) NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, (25) Filing Language: English TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, (26) Publication Language: English ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 62/293,050 February 2016 (09.02.2016) US kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, (71) Applicant: CEVOLVA BIOTECH, INC. -
The Forensic Identification of Marijuana: Suspicion, Moral Danger, and the Creation Of
Title: The Forensic Identification of Marijuana: Suspicion, Moral Danger, and the Creation of Non-Psychoactive THC Author: Aaron Roussell* Running Head: “Marijuana Identification” Abstract: Federal and state laws present marijuana as a dangerous substance requiring coercive control and forbid private citizens from possessing, selling, or growing it. Possession cases brought under these laws depend on a forensic confirmation of taxonomic identity as Cannabis sativa to establish and successfully prosecute a case. Hemp Industries Association v. DEA (2003), a recent federal appeals court ruling, is at odds with this forensic process. American citizens may legally possess and even consume a similar substance — hemp and its derivatives — which can be made into such everyday objects as clothing, rope, and food products. Yet these two plants are both Cannabis sativa and differ only in physical structure and degree of natural tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Synthetic THC is also a medically prescribed substance, which introduces further confusion into the legal standing of cannabis. Finally, *Department of Criminology, Law & Society, University of California, Irvine. Address correspondence to Aaron Roussell, Department of Criminology, Law & Society, University of California, Irvine, Social Ecology II, Irvine, CA 92697; email: [email protected]. 949-943-9860 Thanks to Professors Simon Cole, Justin Richland, Michael Clegg, and Dr. Fred Whitehurst for their direct or indirect contributions and assistance, as well as Akhila Ananth, Vivek Mittal, and Trish Goforth for their help with paper drafts and the editorial staff of the Albany Law Journal of Science and Technology for their superb efforts to improve the final version. Mistakes and weaknesses herein are entirely in spite of their efforts and remain the sole dominion of the author. -
'Response to the Director-General's Request
OPCW Scientific Advisory Board Twenty-Fifth Session SAB-25/WP.1 27 – 31 March 2017 27 March 2017 ENGLISH only RESPONSE TO THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL'S REQUEST TO THE SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD TO PROVIDE CONSIDERATION ON WHICH RIOT CONTROL AGENTS ARE SUBJECT TO DECLARATION UNDER THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION 1. Response to the Director-General’s Request to the Scientific Advisory Board to Consider Which Riot Control Agents are Subject to Declaration Under the Chemical Weapons Convention (hereinafter “the Convention”). Annex: Response to the Director-General’s Request to the Scientific Advisory Board to Consider Which Riot Control Agents are Subject to Declaration Under the Chemical Weapons Convention. CS-2017-0268(E) distributed 27/03/2017 *CS-2017-0268.E* SAB-25/WP.1 Annex page 2 Annex RESPONSE TO THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL’S REQUEST TO THE SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY BOARD TO CONSIDER WHICH RIOT CONTROL AGENTS ARE SUBJECT TO DECLARATION UNDER THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 This report provides advice from the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) on which riot control agents (RCAs) would be subject to declaration under the Convention in response to a request by the Director-General at the Board’s Twentieth Session in June 2013 [1]. The request appears in Appendix 1. 1.2 The SAB considered a list of 59 chemicals that included the 14 chemicals declared as RCAs since entry into force of the Convention; chemicals identified as potential RCAs from a list of “riot control agents and old/abandoned chemical weapons” to be considered for inclusion in the OPCW Chemical Agent Database (OCAD) that had been drafted by the SAB’s Temporary Working Group (TWG) on Analytical Procedures in 2001 (Appendix 2) [2]; an initial survey conducted by the Technical Secretariat in 2013 of RCAs that have been researched or are available for purchase, beyond those that are already declared; and 12 additional chemicals recognised by the SAB as having potential RCA applications. -
20 2200 Attachment 6
Module 10 Irritant Sprays OPERATIONAL SAFETY TRAINING OFFICIAL Module 10 Irritant Sprays Section 1: Introduction Section 2: Irritant Spray Theory Section 3: Irritant Spray Techniques Aims: Section 2: To provide officers/staff with training in the theory and techniques included within the irritant spray Irritant Spray Theory section of the programme. Officers/staff should bear in mind that not all subjects are affected by irritant spray, therefore, Learning Outcomes: they should maintain alert throughout to the Officers/staff will be able to: potential for it not working. • Explain the theory associated The information contained in this module with irritant spray is designed to provide officers/staff with an overarching, generic approach to the use of irritant spray. The guidance provided is for the • Demonstrate the techniques included benefit of officers/staff that may be required to within the irritant spray programme use irritant spray. Section 1 - Introduction The guidance should not be viewed in isolation, but seen as the guiding principles and Officers are reminded that under S.5 of fundamental approach, underpinning the specific the Firearms Act 1968 it is classified as a training provided to all officers/staff issued with firearm. irritant spray. The high line carry position of the irritant spray is a tactical communication and can provide The use of irritant spray should be seen in the a visual presentation and creates a unique context of the National Decision Model as a psychological effect on the subject, thus whole and its use viewed as one of the many affording the officer/staff a tactical advantage. tactical options that may be available to an Officer/staff presence and bearing are important officer/staff in the resolution of an incident.